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.4. V 2- I. r-r 'Tsv-r' N IT9 moment over the uneven sur face ot the land the Icq which flowed southward over eo (treat a. part ot North America in the glacial period ground off the prom inence and dragged the grist along alow y under It, spread ing It out over the country Invaded and tending to (111 up the valleys and produce a general level. It Is this action of the glacier that has large ly produced the level plains ot the prairies of the Mississippi valley; so to speak, the glacier has "Ironed" out the ruffles In the continent and left It comparatively smooth. The whole glaciated area Is covered with ancient river channels and gorges, which have been completely filled up with the grist of the glacier, while to a great depth It Is spread out over the central and southern por tions to furnish the arable soils from which the richness of the country Is derived. The depth of these glacial deposits south of the great lakes probably averages more than IPO feet and in some places where a burled river gorge Is penetrated It is known to have been more than 600 feet In depth. Over northern Germany and northwestern Russia the depth ot the glacis! deposits is estimated to aver age 125 feet. These glacial deposits can be eas ily recognized and distinguished from those made by water by their una eorted character, by the angularity of the Imbedded fragments of stone and the frequent occurrence of scratches upon them. Deposits made In run ning water are uniformly assorted and stratified, but In the direct glacial deposits the pebbles and rock frag ments are Indiscriminately mixed In the whole mass like plums In a pud ding. A few facts concerning the glacial period give new force to the adage, "Truth Is stranger than fiction." The On May 11 fifty years ago a couple of broken-down tramp steamers slipped Into the harbor of Marsala at tLv extreme western tip of the Island of Sicily and landed a small body of men, about a thousand In number, un trained, 111 equipped, poorly armed. Before the disembarkation was fully completed the vessels were captured by a squadron of Neapolitan warships. The thousand scurried inland out of reach of the enemy's guns and within three months had overrun the whole kingdom of the Two Sicilies and en tered Naples, the capital. The most amazing adventure In modern history bad been carried out successfully and was to be crowned soon after by the fulfilment of Italian bopes and wishes lu the union or all Italy. Uarialtl and his "thousand" bad won their eternal fame, the New York Bun aays With Italy one of the great powers, a factor to be reckoned with In the politics of Europe, a unified and fatrjy homogeneous nation, It Is difficult to believe that the beglnulug was made Civil war. To the generation that saw It it seemed almost a intrude and the Italian peasants could hardly be blamed for their belief that Garibaldi bad superhuman power and that his body could not be harmed. To the students who have Investigated the Sicilian expedition with calmer and more critical minds its success re mains Inexplicable. History, to be sure, has other records of the achieve ments of small bauds against tremen dous odds, but these usually were aided by superior armament or knowl edge. Her in the middle of civilized Europe a state ot the second order, which was thought strong enough to resist the enlarged kingdom of Sar dinia, was overthrown in tew weeks by a handful of adventurers. There were ouly too many Instances in Ital ian Dilatory of desperate effort by few eutLualasta to rouse the people against tyranny that failed aa a mat ter of oourae. This one, equally fool hardy, succeeded. Tbe latest historian ot Garibaldi. Jlr. O. M. Trevelyau. has recorded the hopeies condition ot the expedition when it .tarUd. Even oar baldl turn, lf hesitated till the last moment. said with good reasou. The Pledmon- loae auiuoiuios wvuiu uui iff t - 'it mm ttu ' j GARIBALDI S THOUSAND I ... W)r i. ,. . ;-r.'v I 'r ' i "... 6.000.000 square miles covered by gla cial Ice in North America and Europe to the depth of one mile (probably an underestimate) would furnish 6.000.000 cubic miles of Ice. all of which Is formed by water abstracted from the ocean. This would reduce the level of the ocean the world over 250 feet and add to the northern part of the continents two to. three times the weight of the entire land surfaces of North America and Europe which are above sea level. This additional weight would be such a powerful at tracting force that It would lower the general level ot the ocean 50 feet more. The weight of this ice over every square mile would be 4.OO0.0CO.OO0 tons, which would have to be multi plied by 6.000,000 to get the total amount This Is probably enough to cause the crust of the earth to sink under it when the Ice accumulated and to allow It to rise a?aln when it had melted off. This perhaps of Itself accounts for the great changes of level In the northern hemisphere which have taken place since the be ginning of the glacial period. The spring freshets of this glacial period were of enormous dimensions, causing, as I have recently ascer tained, the Missouri river to rise an nually 200 feet Instead of 40, as It sometimes does now. The close of the glacial period was so recent that It comes down bevond countenance, fearing to lose what had been gained by the 1859 campaign. The arms and ammunition that had been counted upon were held back and the expedition took by force from a remote station what It carried with It. The reports of the Sicilian natrl- ots who were urging his coming we untruthful and Garibaldi suspected them. His few cannon were shams When be had landed he found that the Sicilian peasants did not know ho be was or why he came and In the first fighting ItriKollno the Si cilian Insurgent who bad drawn Gari baldi on and whom the peasants trust ed, wss killed. The fight at Calatannl was very nearly a drawn battle and there were times when the Sicilians ere as likely to turn against the thousand as to help them. Still Gari baldi did bold out; he made bis way r " -. -' l ' " ... v . ' ' ... '- ' . . ... - '' c":" ,' --' -- .,; " .. .'. . ' "j! '..,-. w t ... ' -..x... . . J ' AS TO THE ORIGIN OF THE KISS ctstors. Who Grasped Prty With Thtir Teeth. Tbo further away we Journey from the days of Ke. the mure assiduously the world seems to have cultivated the habit of kissing; In other words, kissing Is mark and a test of civil ization. Before the coming of the while man it apparently was totally unknown among the Indians ot Amer ica and the savages ef Africa and Australia; but tbo shsll trace Its be ginning among the peoples of Europe and Asia? As far as we may go amoug these ancient white nationa we shall find no are when this highly unhygienic practise was not popular. Indeed, Darwin attempt to trace It back to the hat.lt our betalled an cestors bad of grasping prey with their teeth! This business of osculating became so popular among tbe Greeks that it is hbld many husbands, befor start- lug out for the day work, compelled their wive to eat garlic a most ef fective preventive. cannot rionlit The Robian attempted to be more cold blooded and dignified. Tbey were at least more .y.tematlc. for tbey dl- ded all kl.se. Into three klnd.-tb oculum. tbe klsa of friendship; tbe we sua oi cereiuouy, ana Ui i Tli 1 1 the advent of man. Glacial man fol lowed up the retreating Ice border la New Jersey, Ohio, Kansas and Minne sota as he Is now doing In Greenland and Alaska. The glaciers of the world are now nearly all retreating. The front of the Mulr. which I visited In lSSd, and have described In my "Ice Age In North America," is now three miles farther back than it was at that time and, according to all accounts. It Is 30 miles farther back than It was when Vancouver discovered It 100 years ago. We are not so far separated from the glacial period as It would seem to the casual observer. Probably It would require but a slight Increase of snowfall, combined with a slight low ering of the temperature, to cause glaciers again to form on tho White mountains and In Labrador and the already existing glaciers to begin readvanc". When once begun It would be difficult to tell when the advance would stop, for glaciers of them selves tend to lower tho temperature and to Increase the snowfall. When we reflect upon the way the heat of the tropics Is distributed by the Gulf stream and the Japanese current. It Is not difficult to see how compara tively slight changes In land l-vt-l af fecting the course of the oceanic cur rents might bring on a glarl.il period again. Hut ot any tendency lu this direction we have no evidence. Into Palermo under difficulties that seemed Insuperable; there at last he obtained arms and equipment aud re etiforcements; from that time on Sici ly and Italy were behind him and his red shirts and the retit of his trium phant progress was comparatively easy. To Italians divine assistance seemed manifest through him. as It did to medieval France tL.ough Joan of Arc. To the historian who knows Garibal di's later history his renunciation of power to King Victor Emmanuel In 1SC0 seems also wonderful. Always magnanimous, he rarely was so ame nable to practical sense. It was a heroic rplc In the middle of a prosaic century and Italy has cause for won der, as well as thankfulness, when she celebrates the anniversary of Garibal di's thousand. suavlum. the kiss of love. Allot which simply Implies that the Romans had three chances to our one. The an cients, however, were not In favor of a public display ot the business; spooning was decidedly bad form. ,Mu,artn th Cato iPHed the Senator Manilas for kissing bis wife in the daytime and in the presence of bis daughter. This same Plutarrb is our author ity for the statement that Rome founded the now antiquated custom of wive BHlutlng their husbands with a kiss. The women, after sailing many seas and reaching this place, refused to follow their husbands fur ther, and under tbe leadership of Roma a "new woman" burned the ship. Tbeu. say the historian, Roma invented this pleasant method of ap peasing tbe wrath of the husbands; and tbe remedy has been used with consmerabiu trncacy until com par a- "r recent years arl llolllday ,ln JuUM B,,l,rt Hot- A Newspaper In Olden Tim. 'Telephone message for you, air." "What is It?" IOt says that be doesu't want any thing printed about bl. wife turnlni to .alt. He .y. that It I. a famuJ affair and doesn't In any way eonoora tbo public. .3 Happenings His Fortune to School, lwvld Kankln, Jr., one of St. Louis' wealthiest citizens, and founder of the Iald J. Rankin, Jr., school of mo clmnlcal trades, has Joined the Car negie class of philanthropists and will die a poor man. He ha deeded his entire fortune estimated at more thnn 13,000,000, to the board of trustees of the Rankin school, to be used In the maintenance and enlargement of tho Institution, which promise to be one of the largest schools ot Its kind In the world. the world. The announcement of Mr. Rankin's endowment under which he reserve less than 3,000 a yar for his support, was made public by the board of trustees following the signing over of the l:it deed. The property deeded to the hoard of trustees conslsU of the hind now known as the "Rankin tract" Mr. Rankin's home, stock In the Illinois Cehtra! and Rock Isl.ind rail roads and of the Mississippi Valley Trust company, mercantile trust com pany, Itoatmen's bank and tho Mer chants Laclede National bank. The entire property Is estimated as worth between 12.500.000 and $1.2.".0.000. It and Its proceeds are to bo applied wholly to the trades school at the dis cretion of tho board of trustee. St. Joseph Named by Women. At the session of the Women's Home Mission Society of Missouri, M. E. church, south held at Macon the following officers were elec'ed: Presi dent. Mrs. P. L. Va-sfe, Iluntsvllle; first vice-president, Mrs. R. G. Terrlll, Mobcrly; second vice-president. Mrs. Frank Clark, Lawson; recording sec retary, Mrs. R. F. Keeley, Molierly; corresponding secretary, Mrs. M. S. Palmer, Columbia; treasurer, Mrs. C. B. Clapp. Moberly; superintendent of press work, Mrs. S. P. Cresap, St. Joseph; superintendent young people's department, Mrs. Jas. Ita'hgate, Polo. The attendance of delegates was 114, the largest In the 20 years' history of tho organization. The next meeting wiil occur In St. Joseph next year, at a time to be designated later. M. 9. U. Writers on a Tour. Eight students from the school of Journalism of the University of Mis souri have started from Columbia on their 12 days' trip through southern Missouri to tell of the resources and attractions of that part of the aUtc. One hundred and fifty newspapers In Missouri and other state have sent request for the stotles mhlch these young men will write. In addition to the eljtht students the party will In elude Walter Williams, dean of the school of Journalism; John 11. Cur ran. immigration commissioner; Wil liam P. Culler, s'ute d:ilry commis sioner, and Frank L. Martin and Char! G. Ross of the faculty. Tiny Kama City Baby Dead. What physicians at the l: f.mt Incu bator at Electric park believe was the :ual!est baby ever born alive was placed In the Incubator at Kansai City for treatment. The Infant tiled after be!n continuously tna'e.l seven hours. The Infant ai the hl,I .f Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Widener of 3."2 Morrtl! aveuue On the scale at the Incubator It weighed 12 grams, according to Tr. Snader, physician having the Incubators. ounces 5 Arthur P. c!iari;) of For a Daniel Boone Monument. The business men of Marthavl!!e held a meeting and took action on the suggestion of Representative Champ Clark to erect a sul'abie monument on the neglected grave of Daniel Ihwne. It Is planned to collect $1,000 for the monument Gov. lla.lley, Ex-Gov. Folk, I). R I'ramls aud other MIourlans. as well as the member of congress from Missouri, are expected to assist and participate In the movemcn'. Postofflc Clerk at Nevada. Tho Missouri it.ite branch of the Cnlon National Association of Post Office Clerks, held Us annual state convention at Nevada. IteU-gatei were present from all the principal cities of the state. The session of the con vention were held In th new court house, and delegates were all visitors to the Federal building Into which the local pnstolTIcA has Just been moved, president R. K. Connelly of Rt, Ixuts, presided over the meeting. During the morning session short speeches were made by Senator Wight, Postmaster Neff, Congressman Ilorland of Kai'nii City, and Otto Wahrenbrack, t member of the Na tional Advlttory board of the organiza tion. Kansas City Calnsd th Most. The postofllce at Kansas City, made the Uunner record In gain of receipts during April. This showing of the Improved business of the Kansas City office excels all other postofllce In the cuuntry. Tbe gtiln wss nearly 18 per cent, or a total of t:00,642, as against lest than 10 per cent gain by most of the largur postoftVes la the country. Offer Stat Road Rout. Th rlght-of way for a HT mlle boulevard across Missouri will be given to the public by tho St. I-ouIa-Kunsas City Electric Railway com pany, If the taxpayers ot the counties through which It will pas vote bond with which to construct the roadway. For Wsathsr Building at M. U. A weather bureau building In Colum bia on the ground of th I'nlverslty of Missouri Is being planned by re pre sentatl ot th college of agriculture, and th Columbia Commercial club in Missouri. But th Governor Was Ther. The rain that fell Just before th ceremonies began caused- the ao rustomcd march around the quadrsngl to he ahxndonrd at the Cxth annual commencement exercises of tho Uni versity of Missouri. Moreover, the rain tried its hardest to keep Gov. Dudley from getting there to recelvo his LL. I). It failed. The Missouri Kansas & Texas railroad was crippled and the governor, after trying to get a special engine to carry hltu to Mex ico over the Chicago It Alton, set out to drive In a buggy the 40 miles from Jefferson City to Columbia. Before starting, the governor telephoned Dt. W. P. Cutler, state dairy commissioner, In Columbia, to arrange for relays ot teams at several point on the road. The roads were In bad condition. The bridge were out In many place. W ashouts along the rnads made driv ing precarious. He wore out several teams of horses and from Ashland covered the last 14 miles In a motor. He reached the university campus 15 minutes late. Gov. Hadiey was receiv ed at the side door to the stage by me:nbers of the faculty and was quick ly helped out of his muddy coat and Into his gawn. There was no time for hand-shaking between the motor car and the center of the stage. The only remark the governor made while bo Ing hurried on !he stane wss the que, tlon, "Is my hat on straikiht:" A Record In Milk Production. The world's record for milk produc tion has been broken by Missouri Chief Josephine, the prlxe cow of th college of agriculture of Missouri uni versity. In the four months' contest, the total exceeds the past world' rec ord 10 per cent. Chief Josephine gave 11.536 pounds of milk tn the four months. The p-oductlon averaged !6 4 pounds a day for the 120 days, he cow that previously held the record was Colantha Fourth Johanna. The amount of milk that Josephine gives is said to be twice as much In a month as the averaso cow gives In a year. Crop Report(or Jun. The crop rejiort Issued from th of fice of T. C. Wilson, secretary of th Missouri statci board of agriculture, says the month of May was a very un favorable ono for Missouri farmers owing to excessive rainfall and ua us'ia'Iy lew tempcrnture. With the e crptlon of a few counties In the south ern part of the state and a Il:nl:ed ter ritory In Nor'hwfst Missouri, where It was too dry early In the season, re ports f-om every part tell of too much rain Many correspondent state that fields were dry enough to work only a few days during the entire mouth. Tobacco Setting Season on. The tobacco setting season Is on now Holt With the adwnt of Im prove,) methods the old s'yle of set tins 1 v band rapidly Is being done away with. The plants now are set ly machine, with automatically prcp..re place, drop the water f r each plant and pre the dft securely arom.l tv.e.n It I estimated 'hat there will be one thousand acres grown and mar keted from that place tills year. Four hundred a.-ies was raided l.it-t year. It hrouvht the farmer an average price of $:'00 an acre About 30 per cent of the crop tow la planted. To Improve Columbia Weather Buru. A movement for a better equipped weather bureau and a :;o.noo building to put it in has be.-n started In Colum bia. A similar mnement was started two years ago, but was unsuccessful. Section bureaus are established all over the I'ulttl Slates at places where the conditions are best and where they do the niott good. Columbia Is said to be admirably loca'i-d for the pur pose. M. S. U. Professor Pensioned. Prof. Millard Itwls Lipscomb, who resinned from the faculty of the I'nl rerslty of Missouri, will receive a serv ice pension from the Carnegie Founda tion f.T Retired College 'rofe.ora Prof. I.lpsconth was professor of physics from 1V9 uirll Lu:i and edi tor of tho university ca'alogu from lUO.'i until 11)10 Col. Prathsr of Tsney County Dssd. Col A. S Pratlier, Taney county's representative In the state legislature, is dead at his home at llranson. He was one of the Interesting characters of early days In Taney county. Heforo set' Hug In Taney county he was re reiver of public moneys at the I'nlted State land office at Harrison, Ark. He was elected to the legislature In 1SK8. Storm Drowned Pheasants. One thousand young pheasant wer drow ned by the heavy ruin on the state game farm Employes saved 1,000 others The wind blew the coops about the field and the little pheasants were drowned under the hens. Of f0 golden pheasants hatched only two are left Tan Dollar Bill Under th Label. Mrs. John Clack of Nevada put up grape Juice In bottles several years ago. One ot the bottles was used re cently In a church service and when washing It Mrs. Clack rubbed off th label, ruder It was a sccpnd label and beneath that wo a $10 bill, neatly folded on a background of white papar. Tho secuud label was that of a whisky company. It 1 possible tbe money w as put there a a prle to encourag th sale. The whisky, according to m ai UQ was bottled In JU(j. Psrmtr snouid est mor oatmeal. Although th farmer of today 1 abls to buy almost anything he wants to wear or eat he Isn't paying enough attention to food vsluua when it come to hi own tsble. It be has been watching th titen slv researches and experiments on Ih question of tie best human food for muscle and brain h will heed th advice from all td to "eat mor Quaker Oats." Quaker Oat is mentioned kecauss It I recognized In this country nS Europe a the boat ot all oatmeals. Feeding farm hands on Quaker Oat means getting; mor work out of them than It you feed them on anything Ise. It 1 packed in regular size pack ages, and In hermetically sealed tins for hot climate. II - Would Mean a Bttr Show. "Johnny," said the teacher, "her I a book. Now, stand up straight and sing Ilk a little man." The song was "Nearer, My God." No sooner had tbe school commenced to sing than a little girl waved her hand frantically. Stopping th ting ing, tbe teacher Inquired th cause. "Please, teacher, I think Johnny will get nearer if be whistles." Judge. After the Horrlbl Exampl. "Does a minister to China, pa, bar to take a queue with blinT" "Ho get a cue not to talk too much." Restore Your Health It is the privilege of most men and women to be strong and healthy and if you are suffering from any weakness of the Stomach, Liver or Bowels take the Bitters just now. It is for Poor Appetite, IIeod ache, Indigestion, Dys pepsia, Gostlveness. Ma laria, Fever and Aiue. Try a bottla today, but tx sure and get tha genuine with Pri vate Stamp on Deck. nnOSIETIER CELEBRATED STOMACH BITTER - - . . . j SOUPS Tomato Chicken Vegetable and ten other kinds. Delight ful natural flavor and made from the very best materials, with the care of experienced chefs, In the great White Enara led Kitchens. Ldbbv Soup are read fur Immediate use by adding; aa jual portion of hot watet Ask y oar grocer for LiBby's Soups McNeill & libby Qicag (7 KtVWTtVW W!WJ