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ROOK ISLAM) AReue; VOL. LIV. NO. 39. FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1904. -A. PAGES 9 TO 12. NEW CHICAGO SUBWAY IS A NOVEL Kfw York as Just opened a subway, and Chicago, not to be outdone, is also going to hare , one shortly and beat w York In length of system. The Chicago subway has not attracted much attention In comparison with that given the great underground rail- Jf -r. Mi 15 2 MAM. T155EX. IX TUB VEW CHIC40O rood recently opened In New lork. In fact, ereu iu Chicago Itself, few per son knew until two yean ago that such a work was under construction. Vet over twenty lull- of tl subway will be opened on Jan 1. and the total length of the system U nearly sixty lull. The New York subway, at prev ent the longest underground railroad In operation, is only about twenty-two nuile; In extent. I loth thi and the Chicago enterprise are remarkable feats f engineering. The tuost lrujortant tlifferencv between theni cuuslsts In the fact that while the New York under ground railway H for passenge-r traffic that In Chicago Is for freight. Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the Chicago subway is the quiet way lu which it has wine into txlst-eu-e. Alioiit four yean ago a fran i hlse wan given to a company for building conduit' for telephone wires and other wires of corporation fur nishing public utilities. Corporations which scented opposition to their mo Itopolie lu the new project contrived to hare a clan Insert eil iu the fran rhie providing that the company should not tear up a foot of pavement or disturb the surface of the roadways In any manner oq pa In -of forfeiture of its plant. .It was supposed that this provision had put an effectual quietus on the new concern. No work appeared to be going on. Not a foot of pavement had been torn up. and there was no sign of anything being done. What was the surprise of the mayor and council one day about two years ago on being told that seven miles of subways un der all the principal streets of the busi ness district had leen completed and that they had been built large enough not merely to carry the wires of tele phone and telegraph and lighting com panies, but to permit the operation of trains of small cars for conveyance of freight. The statement seemed lcyond lellef, hut a tour through the subways soon convinced the douDters. 1 owu twenty four feet or more under the heart of Chicago this work had been going on for uearly two years, and not a sign of it appeared on the surface. Surveys were made, and the tunnels were run :inder the centers of street so as not to conflict with the foundations of the skyscrapers, for which Chicago Is fa mous. Basements were rented at Inter vals along the routes, and debris was carried away at night through coal hole in the sidewalk, so that It did not attract attention. The initial point of the system was at one of the busiest parts of Chicago, and It is stated In il lustration of the quiet way in which the work was done that even the po liceman on the beat supposed It was a Job of repairing In a saloon cellar. The right to use the tunnels for transportation of freight was not easi ly obtained, but when won the mer chants of Chicago began to see the ad vantage of the system. Work was pushed for the extension of the tun nels, and a large number of merchants entered Into contracts with the com pany. The tunnels are of two sizes. The trunk lines., which run along the hlef street, are twelre feet six Inches high and a little over eleven feet wide, and the branch lines, which ran off in to Intersecting streets, are six feet wide and seven feet six inches high. The tunnels run from twenty-four to forty feet below the surface. Itusiness houses will have connection with them so as to receive and discharge freight, coal will be delivered and Its transpor tation through the streets above avoid ed, and United States malls and news papers will be distributed by the tun nel routes. Merchandie will be deposited in the basements cf the railway terminals direct from the underground roads. The freight cars are a little more than ten feet long and have a capacity of fifteen tons earn, and they are drawn by small electric locomotives. The coc wheel and third rail system Is used. The Chicago Subway company, which has recently taken over the stock of the company that built the tunnels. Is ciDlUUxol jlI t2SLSaOAX) AnntbfT sub I ENTERPRISE way" for Chicago has also been planned. and this will be for passenger trade. KEEP UP YOUR ENERGY. Sti d Ereet sad Walk as Thonsk Yon Were Somebody. Never allow your physical standard to drop. Keep up your energy. WalK as if you were somebody and were go ing to do something worth while in tne world, so that even a stranger will note your bearing and mark your superior ity. If you have fallen into a habit of walking In a listless, indolent way. turn right about face at once and make a change. You don't want to shuttle along like the failures we often see sit ting around on park benches or lolling about the street, with their hands in their pockets, or haunting intelligence offices and wondering why fate has been so hard with them. You don t want to give people the impression that you are discouraged or that you are al ready falling to the re.ir. Straighten up. then! Stand erect! He a man! You are a child of the Infinite King. You have royal blood in your veins. Emphasize it by your bearing. A man who Is conscious of his kinship with God and of his jtower and who believes thoroughly in himself walks with a firm, vigorous step, with his bend erect, his chili In. his shoulders thrown hacs and down, and his chest well projected in order to give a large lung capacity. He is the man who does things. You cannot aspire or accomplish great or noble things so long a you assume the attitnd" aud bearing of a coward or weakling. If you would be noble and do noble things you .mist look up. You were made to look upward and t-J walk upright, not to look down or to shamble along in a MMuiborizoutal posi tion. Iut character, dignity, nobility, into your walk. Sin-cess. allve Urru la Tibet. The native dress of Tibet consists essentially of a very wide gown five and a half feet long, with long sleeves, tightened in at the waist and gathered op so as not to fall below the ankles of the men of quality, or the towns men, nor Ih1ow the knees of the com mon ieople. who have much walking and work' to do. Thus gathered up. the gown puffs out at the breast, form ing a huge pocleL, At night the wear er lets It fall and Is thus wrapped up from his ears to his feet, as In a led. Tibetan women wear the same gown it Is called a vhuba" letting it bang down to the ankk. Their dress varies according to the locality to which they Leloog. A Deflaltios). . . Diplomacy, I,ester." said the hen pecked man. replying to the Inquiry of his small 'sou during, it may not be necessary to explain, the temiorary absence of the majestic wife of the one and mother of the other, 'diplomacy is what makes a man carve a turkey and unselfishly deal out to his family and the visitors their favorite helps, includ ing the only portions which ho himself really likes and at the same time look like a putty saint.' Smart Set. Shell Teats at Fori III ley. The artillery forces at Fort Riley, Kan., are exiierimenting with a new shell fitted with what is known as the Se'nple tracer, says the Junction City (Kan.) Union. '"This tracer is a small cylinder at the base of the shell rille! with a composition which Is Ignited by the discharge of the gun. In burn ing it trices the trajectory of the shell from the gun to the point of fall. It furnishes a a nick menus of determiu- GEN. JOHN C. BLACK NEXT PENSION COMMISSIONER. General John C. Black of Illinois, who Is to su--eed Eugene F. "Ware as United States tension commissioner, has a fine war record and has been a dashing figure in public life. He Is very opular In the Graud Army of the Republic aud was recently commander In chief vt the order. General Black was bom in Mississippi in 1S3U. but GEXLRAU tOBS C BLACK. his 'family 'remove; I "to' Illinois when he was a boy. and he was educated at l&nsriUe. ia Hut statCAnjai-lY'al'iiah fug range at night. Traveling at about 2,000 feet a second, the shells had the appearance of comets. At the point of fall the tracer left the shell and shot straight up into the air about 100 feet and then, turning all aglare, shot to the ground like a shooting star over the spot where the shell had struck." GENERAL KAULBARS. Sketch of the Commander of the Sew Russian First Army. General Baron Kaulbars. who will command the First Russian army when the re-organization of the forces in the field in Manchuria is completed, is a bronzed veteran of sixty winters and a man of great energy and re source. The reconstituted First army will Include the First, Tenth and Sev enteenth European corps, one corps of rifles and two other corps to be sent out later on. The Second army, under command of General Gripenberg. will consist of the Kighth, Third and Six teenth corps, one rifle corps - and two other corps not yet designated. Six Si berian corps under General Lineviteh will make up the Third army. It is un derstood that General Kuropatkiu will remain in the field in chief command of the three armies. Their combined strength will, it is expected, be some thing over 500,000 mec. It will bo spring before the Russian plans of re organization can be completed. General Kaulbars is the personal choice of General Kuropatkln for the command of the First army. He was commander of a corps during the Box er insurrection iu China aud was at one time the czar's diplomatic agent in Bulgaria. In personal appearance Gen-' eral Kaulbars is tall and soldierly and well preserved. Ills heavy white mus tache gives. him. a. striking aspect. He GENERAL BAXOX KAULBA-KS. "is "now at St. Petersburg studying the details of the campalg-a -with the gen eral staff. - Plarfne of Rats In Berlin. The extraordinary number of rats which have shown themselves lately in the Berlin suburb of Grunewald has proved such a nuisance to the inhab itants that the municipal authorities are offering 10 pfennigs for every rat's tail delivered, says the Ixmdon Standard. In this connection It Is Interesting to note that the vigorous action of the Danish Society For the Extermination of Rata in Copenhagen is considered by Prus sian medical authorities of such im portance for the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases that the establishment of an international league for the extermination of rats is under consideration. Eggs have their faults, but. at any rate, they are never too fresh. Phila delphia Record. colleger Crawforilsvuie. Ind. "V77.eil the civil war broke out he enlisted in the Eleventh Indiana regiment, which was under command of General Lew Wal lace. Afterward he was with the Thirty-seventh Illinois, rising to be a colonel. On the close of the war he was brevet ted a brigadier general. General Black distinguished himself for bravery at Pea Ridge. Ala.. In lsrj. He was ordered to have his regiment seize and hold a vital point. By his qualities as a commander he stemmed the tide of apparent defeat, held the field anil drove the enemy from It. During the engagement one of his arms was shattered, but he remained with his troop until tl-e victory was won. Itor in the same year, while fighting at Prairie Grove. Ark., with his Injured arm In a sling, his other arm was wounded and crippled. In describing the fighting at Prairie Grove an eyewitness has written: General Black was holding his ground. He kept his men as If they were on dress jmnide. He tore up and down the line, crying In clear tones to be accurate lu the aim. to Ik? careful and lie snug tnoti the ground. He saved the day at Prairie Grove." After the war General Black read law and took up the practice of that profession. In 10 President Cleve land appointed him pension commis sioner, and he served until lso. He has since been a congressman at large from Illinois and United States attor ney for the northern district of Illinois. President Roosevelt appointed him as the Democratic member of the civil service commission, which position he now bolds r . o People Who Are In the Public Eye t TRS. HETTY GREEX. who, with the possible exception I V I of Senora Isldora Cousino of T Chile, is the richest woman in the world, is supposed to be possess ed of at least $55,000,000. Senora Cou sino is credited with $70,000,000. Mrs. Green looks after her own affairs and Is shrewdness itself. When she married Edward Henry Green he was a rich man, but she insist ed before the wed dingthat each should be absolved from any responsibility for the indebtedness of the other and MRS- hetti" creen that the proierty of each should be kept separate. Despite the entreaties of his brainy wife, Mr. Green speculat ed in Wall street and lost all his money. He then retired from active life and spent his last days in obscu rity. His wife has continued to in crease her fortune. Like Russell Sage, she is of a frugal disposition and lives very plainly. She has a permit to carry a revolver, and the weapon usually re poses in a reticule in company with millions of dollars' worth of securities. Mrs. Green and the reticule. are insep arable. A pistol Is a good thing to have around when I am talking to lawyers. she said recently. "Now, if you were a lawyer and I bad n pistol lying on the table and I took the pistol up in my hands, you would keep away, wouldn't you? You wouldn't try to bulldoze me because I' am a woman, Except for lawyers I am happy. Peo ple are good to me. I have a good con science. I eat well and am in splendid health. But you don't know what these lawyers have done to me. I am going to protect myself. 1 am not bloodthirsty, for I am a Quakeress, but if I had to shoot I believe I could hit a man at twenty yards. 1 wouldn't shoot to hit him first; 1 would shoot over bis head to scare him.' M. Theophile Delcasse, the French minister of foreign affairs, whose pres tige has been strengthened so much recently by his success in bringing about the Anglo-French agreement, has another feather in his cap as a diplomat. This consists in the fact that his influence is credited with averting the threatened clash between England and Russia over the North sea incident. France did not want to be drawu into any struggle because of her alliance with Russia, and the course of events has added to the popu larity of M. Delcasse. The . foreign minister had a good laugh a few weeks ago when he read in a French paper this description of himself: "Frog eyes. the cars of a bat, the vaulted fore head of a hydro cephalus, a small retrousse nose, wide open at the bottom, the goatee of a sea lion." M. Delcasse can now afford to be good humored when he sees such pen -sketches of him V. DELCASSE. self.. He is not an Apollo, but the description quoted somewhat exaggerates his homeliness, and his achievements more than offset the defects in his features and figure. His father was a humble peasunt, and the present diplomat began life as -a newspaper writer. Becoming the secre tary to a member of the chamber of deputies. It chanced that the deputy died. M. Delcasse soon married his widow and succeeded to. the seat as a deputy occupied by Ids', former em ployer. He has been a cabinet officer under four successive administrations, so that it begins to be said that though ministries may come and ministries may go Delcasse stays on forever. Russell Sage, whose ;wealth is esti mated at over $25',0O0.00O, is still In the business harness at the age of eighty eight. When he was a boy be adopted as his motto the old adage. "Any one can earn a dollar, but it takes a wise man to keep it. He saved the first dollar be made and never has been in debt since, he says. Though so many times a millionaire, he is still haunted now and then by the dread of poverty, which he acquired in early youth from seeing the misery on used by it. Mr. Sage has been financially inter ested in railroads since 1850. a time when the railroad business was in its infsnev. He is the only director now alive of the original board of directors of the New York Cen tral road. It la an old saying in Wall street that Russell Sage belongs to the Hundred Year club. To be sure, he has not reached that age yet, but he is In a fair way to do so. aCSSTLL SAGE. At eighty-eight he is active and at tends closely to baaineas. and every time a birthday comes around be says he Is going to celebrate many more. He proposes to die lu the company of his old friend the "ticker" when his snTT)mrms cornea, TlU'moffirr pawed lSII WWW away" at ninety -eight as she was sitting In her rocking chair knitting stockings. His grandmother died at the age of about ninety and attended to her house work up to the day of her demise. Mr. Sage has never been known as a president maker, but be figured at one time in that role, and it was nearly six ty years ago too. He was chairman of the New York state delegation at the Whig convention which nominated Zachary Taylor for president. Sage and his associates were Henry Clay men and voted solidly for "the Mill Boy of the Slashes," but when it became apparent he could not be nominated they threw their votes, under the lead of Sage, to General Taylor. The hit ter's friends were so well pleased that they told Sage he could name the can didate for vice president. The name of a lawyer in Buffalo. Millard Fillmore, occurred to him. His suggestion was taken, and thus Fillmore came not long after to live at the White House as president. Ellhu Root, former secretary of war. like Joseph II. Choate. another famous New York lawyer, is a wit. When Sec retary William II. Taft, who weighs 820 pounds, was civil governor of the Philippines, his health was sadly un dermined. He was laboring under great responsibility in gov- erning the archipela go, where conditions were yet so disturb ed as to give Secre tary Root and Presi dent Roosevelt much concern. Mr. Root therefore requested Judge Taft to keep ELI BIT ROOT. him advised by the new Pacific cable as to the state of his health. One day, says the New York Herald, this mes sage came to Mr. Root from Governor Taft at Benguet, lu the mountains near Manila: Rode ten miles on a mule today. Am feeling much better. TAFT. Mr. Root chuckled and doubled with mirth in the chair which Secretary Taft has since discarded as too small. He dictated this reply: Taft, Benguet Glad to hear it, but how is the mule? ROOT. Carroll D. Wright, who is about to terminate his long connection with the bureau of labor statistics at Washing ton, is one of the foremost statistical authorities of the time. It was he who originated the saying, "Figures do not lie, but liars figure." He was the first labor commissioner of the United States aud was appointed to that posi tion by President Cleveland in 1S85. When the bureau of labor statistics be came a part of the department of com merce and labor he remained as head of the bureau, and thus has served un der Cleveland. Harrison. McKiuley and Roosevelt. He rendered distinguished service iu the settlement of the an thracite coal strike as a member of the commission appointed by President Roosevelt to arbitrate the difficulty, is president of one college and holds po sitions as professor and lecturer in three other educa tional institutions. His resignation of his position as head of the bureau of la bor statistics Is due to his desire to give more time to his work as president of the collegiate de partment of Clark university. Worces ter, Mass., and to CARnoix D. WRIGHT. important literary work. Mr. Wright was twenty -one years of age and was reading law in his native state of .New. Jljiraiisllire, when the civil (Continued on Page Twelve.) J. D. R.OCKEFELLER, JR., IN STEPS OF John D. Rockefeller. Jr.. is a chip of the old block. He has his father's ab stemious habits and his habit of giv ing part of his time and considerable of his money to the advancement of religious and charitable work. ' In one respect, however, Mr. Rocke feller junior differs from his wealthy parent. He has not as yet felt tne necessity nf offering a million dollars JOHN li. ROCKEFELLER, JR. for a new stomach. Young Rockefel ler and his wife spent the last Thanks giving day at the Rockefeller home near Tarrytown, N. Y., known as Po- xsntico hills, and . an tld fasidoneU COMMENT CAUSED BY GROWTH OF SOCIALISM The Socialist party In KWO east less than 100,000 votes. The exact numler is given as 07.73O. Full returns have not yet leen received for the election of 11W4, but it is known that Itween 500.0i0 and (XW.OOO votes were cast for the Socialist candidates. The states of the middle west are the ones in which the Socialists made the largest gains. Illinois shov-d the most So cialistic strength, coming up to about 80,000 from about one-quarter that number four years ago. The city of Chicago alone gave the Dobs aud Ilau ford ticket over 42.000 votes. Chicago sent two Socialists to the state legislature. .1. A. Ambrose aud Andrew Olson. They were elected from the stockyards district, and the dissatisfaction of the workingmen with the outcime of the big meat strike, in which victory was claimed by the em ployers, is held to account in part for the choice of the candidates of the-So-clallst party. In Wisconsin the So cialists not only rolled up a largely in creased vote for their national ticket, but they elected five memlcrs of the state assembly and one state senator and came close to success on candi dates for congress in the city of Mil waukee. Iu one district of Milwaukee Wiufield R. Gaylord. Socialist, obtained 0,517 votes as a candidate for congress us against 11.707 cast for the Democratic candidate and 1,11( for the Republic an. In another district of Milwaukee Victor L. Berger, Socialist candidate for congress, did still better, receiving 9.981 votes as against C.!3 for his Democratic and 11.44(1 for his Repub lican opponent. In Ohio the Socialist vote at the Inst election was about no.OOo. or nearly five times what it was iu 100O. In Kansas it has grown from 1,000 four years ago to 12.000, according to So cialist claims. The returns indicate a Socialist vote of about 40,000 In the state or New l ork as agalust 12,80!) iu 1900. In the state of New York the party has the official name of Social Democratic party, and the same name is VKed in Wisconsin. In some states there is a smaller Socialistic party knowu as the Socialist Labor party. The party which made the large gains in the recent election and which had as its candidates for president and vice president Eugene V. Debs and Benja min Hanford is known nationally as the Socialist party. Local reasons are responsible for the use of the name So cial Democratic in New York and Wis consin. Mr. Debs has been a champion of So cialistic ideas for some years, though until recently he was better known as a labor leader than as an exponent of these economic doctrines. He was born at Terre Haute, Ind., in 1S55, was edu cated in the common schools and as a young man worked as a locomotive fireman. He was also in the grocery business and for four years was city clerk of Terre Haute. Becoming inter ested in organized labor, he rose to offi cial position in the Brotherhood of Lo comotive Firemen aud became presi dent of the American Railway union. He was nominated by the Socialists for president in 1000 and again chosen as their standard bearer this year. Iu speaking of the vote polled by the So cialist party Mr. Debs says: "Two distinct and opposing tenden cies are revealed in the recent election one the overwhelming triumph of capitalistic interests, the other the ad vent of the working class In national politics, as shown by the enormous in crease in the Socialist party's vote. "The Democratic party as the rep- HIS FATHER. turkey dinner was served, of which the senior Rockefeller partook. It is said, with us much gusto as though no such thing as indigestion were known, lie attributes the improvement in his ap petite largely to his devotion to golf and other exercise. His son is pro ceeding in a way to keep his stomach healthy and his whole physical system in right condition to enable him to manage ' successfully the hundreds of millions of dollars which his father ex pects to leave him. He eats thirty cent luncheons and Is a total stranger to wines and cigars. He takes long walks, chops wood and indulges moderately In several forms of sport. Mrs. John D. Rockefeller. Jr.. was Miss Abby G. Aldrich, daughter of Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island, who is several times a mllliou alre. She met young Rockefeller when he was a youth of about twenty and a student at Brown university. Provi dence, to which the head of tlie Rocke feller family has contributed a great deal of money. The Rockefellers have strict Ideas on amusements and do not go in much for dancing, but It is said that when the quiet, sober student who is heir to the Standard Oil millions first saw Miss Aldrich at a college dance, the belle of the evening and lexleged by would be partners, be showed that he could lead a cotillon, if be chose, as well as he can lead a Bible class. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Is now twenty-seven years of age, and during his first year in business he cleared over a million on his own account. We should be as careful of oar words M of our actions. Cicero. i resentatlve of the middle class inter ests has been practically eliminated, and no sort of reorganization can save It from disintegration, for the simple reason that the middle class, upon which It is mainly built, is lielng wiped out of existcuce. 'The trust Is doln it s workjn. spUe Et OENE V. DERS. of the hue and cry against It. Tin next few years will see the climax of trustification, and It is this that will control the new poiilical alignment, which will admit of no middle class party or halfway policy. The truth Is that It Is a light between capital and labor, which the politicians of the cap italist parties have In the past been able to obscure and confuse, but the trusts are removing nil doubt, und ii the near future it must narrow down to that, and there can be no escapo from it." FROM POVERTY TO WEALTH. Romantic Illae of (he Tonng Woman Who Is .ow Mrs. W. A. I'Inrk. As mistress of the palatial residence of Senator William A. Clark on Fifth avenue. New York, the young nnd beautiful wife of the Montana copper king will be surrounded with ewry luxury and with treasure's of art from every quarter of the world. Yet a hajf dozen years ago she was a poor girl in Butte;. Mont. As Miss Ada La Chappelle, daughter of a widow who MRS. WII.LJA1I A. CLARK. was struggling to provide for i:e-r fami ly, she could not have 1 reamed tli.M hi so short a time r.ho would he? thtt hostess of a yj.000,000 man-don. Mrs. Clark was sent ubroael t. study music and languages ty Senator Chirlc while she was his ward. He fll In love with her and inaile her h's wife about thre"e year? agf. Battles la the Kuon, Many great battles huvo be-cn fought in the snow, Kiluu und Hohenlindcii being familiar example. Austerlitz was fought iu intensely cold weather, aud the Russian losses' were increased by Napoleon turning the tire of his artillery on the frozen lakes over which the Russians sought to retreat. In our civil war Fort Donelson was captured In February, Fredericksburg was fought in December, Stone River Dec. SI, lbC2. Jan. 2. 1N3, and Thomas defeated and ruineil Hood's army at Nashville on the 15th and ICth of Do cember, 18G4. gallfajc Carrlases Far Desert Cs. Imitating the land ships now em ployed in sailing on the sands of the California and New Mexi-o ele-serta and successfully used for pleasure on the southern leaches and in many other parts of the United States, a London builder has made "sailing carriages" for use in the Egyptian deserts. ,t WA-i4' ... . ri-.-:, , IK. ?':L-- t , - .... Tv,i7 - ; . - J. i 'v- ' - A'..- .. .-.'.:,, ...... , J. . .;: ., . . ;.; , " : '. ' . . f ' V. y'su-St,-. ? . :y - ' ' ' i : ; ; -: V. r.M v - : :