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LAHD ARGUS PART TWO. PAGES 9 CTO 12. THE AKGUS, SATURDAY, 31 AY 12, 190G. R(QeiK UNCLE SAM'S SAILORS CONTRIVE TO PUNISH UNPOPULAR OFFICERS American nien-o-wars men tloa't mu - tiny these days. They know the pan- lshment that would be meted out for that sort of thing, and their average of Intelligence and of esprit de corps Is Infinitely higher tan that of the crews of the old time frigates who really did mutiny, much as Is talked about the glories of the old navy by the ancient fl-t feet of the wooden navy, still In the service. A genuine mutiny ou board any kind of ship is a good deal like what General Sherman termed war. The entire British navy in every part of the world upon a preconcerted and passed around word once mutinied It was In the latter part of the eight eenth century at a certain hour. There were doings then and afterward. The doings afterward arranged matters so that there has never been a genuine mutiny ou board one British man-o-war since. The yardarms were busy standing the strain of the swung men for long months after that mutiny, and It was a salutary lesson for naval mari ners the world over. But discontented men-of-war' men in the American navy, suffering under what they cieem Imposition or a with holding of their rights, can, and some times do, make It mighty unpleasant on board their ship for the commander thereof and for the officers directly con cerned with their grievances. Such acts as heaving missiles at dis liked officers are not done In the navy today, but the bluejackets have little methods of their own of getting back at severe or imperious officers. "Lay ing down" Is one of their schemes, and it Is an efficacious method. The men of a ship's company cannot be punish ed in a bunch for not coming up to a set standard in the performance of work, and they know how to take ad vantage of that knowledge. The amount of work that a disaffected ship's company can't do in a given space of time Is something immense. In the matter of coaling ship, for ex ample, they can either make life mis erable for the commanding officer, if be Is the man they have it in for, by loafing on their Job through all the watches and dragging the dirty aud unpleasant coaling task through an In terminable length of time, or they can punish any watch officer for whom they have got It In by "showing him up." In the latter case they calmly wait till the watch officer who has Incurred their displeasure takes the deck and assumes direct command of the work of coaling, and then they proceed to give an exhibition of how frantically a ship's company of naval sailor men .ran .work without doing anything. They shovel away furiously, but some how or another very little coal seems to find Its way over the ship's side and Into the bunkers. The bluejackets in the coal lighters pant aud perspire un der the strain of labor that looks quite terrific, but there Is a monumental lack of headway In the coaling of the ship. The disliked officer of the deck may chafe and mutter deep and dark things under his breath, but this doesn't get coal into the bunkers, When he makes his report to "the old man" of the amount of coal that has been got aboard during his watch it Is found by comparison that It is only about one third the amount that was hoisted over the side during the watch of the pre ceding officer of the dec k, who hapieu ed to be popular with the men. A mat ter of this sort always sets a command ing officer to thinking, for men who are old enough to be commanders of Ameri can men-of-war have learned by ex perience that it Is as easy as launching a dingey for a naval officer to acquire and hold the good will of enlisted men and that the usefulness on board of a ship of an officer who has sacrificed the confidence and good will of the men forard is just as good as gone. And so it comes to pass that nowa days few officers of the United States navy fail to apprehend bow well it pays them to make themselves popular with the men for'ard. In the old navy It often happened that officers who had earned the 111 will of the bluejackets actually feared to go for'ard at night after lights were out, and there was a reason. Such officers, taking the chance, would no sooner set foot under the fo'c'sle, where, after lights out, there was only the dim illumination of a single standing light, than they would have to dodge all manner of missiles "soup and bully" cans, chocking blocks, mess gear, boots, anything and everything throwable that the sailors and marines. In and out of their ham mocks, first laid their hands upon. On such an occasion the officer who was the target had but one thing to do. and that was to scoot aft as fast as his legs would carry him. lie could make complaint to the commanding officer the next day if he were foolish, but he rarely secured the punishment of any men for'ard. The throwers couldn't be singled out. ' But there are modern occurrences in the American navy equally illuminat ing. A deck officer who had gained the extreme HI will of the men' for'ard .was attached to a cruiser on the China station some years ago. lie was a fine drillma8ter, and It became his duty to take landing parties of the ship's company ashore at Chemulpo for drill Instruction. When the men for'ard heard of this order . the word "lay down" went around among all hands. It was a slouchlly accoutered gang of 100 bluejackets that appeared on deck to compose . the first landing party. There seemed nothing particularly . the matter. with, the men's military makeuD 1 except: that there was a general look" of I slovenliness about them. Each maa had all of his gear on according to regulations, but somehow or another all hands looked seedy, awkward, un trained and unmllltary this despite the fact that the men belonged to what was rightly considered one of the crack crews of the whole American navy. Tbe disliked officer got tne men ashore and started to drill them. They fell down In a body at the simplest or ders, naif of them came to a present arms when the other half came to an order arms. The officer berated them and tried again. The men did worse than before. The officer began to march them. Apparently not ten men In that landing party knew the differ ence between fours right and left oblique. The movements were a howl ing farce, and the foreign naval officers ashore stood by laughing boisterously, The unpopular deck officer flew into a rage and began to drill the men one by one. Every man went through the in dividual drill, manual and movements. like a major, and when the officer had drilled about half of them In this way he started again to give them orders in a body. Again they were like a pack of recruits." The Inextricable Jumble into which the men plunged themselves warranted the glee of the foreign offl cers. The disliked officer decided to punish the men, and he marched them five miles into the country over a bad road. The men straggled along like a flock of pursued sheep, with no order whatever and all as solemn as owls a!out Iti The officer marched the men back to the landing after the ten miles had been covered and got them aboard the ship. Then he reported to the com manding officer that It was the stupid est pack of bluejackets he had ever commanded. "Stupid?" the commanding officer said. "You must be dreaming. Those men you had ashore today make one of the crack battalions of the whole American navy. I shall take them ashore myself tomorrow and find out what's the matter. You shall accom pany me with the landing party." The "old man," an extremely popular commander among the bluejackets, did take the landing party ashore on the following day. Every man appeared on deck spick and span, alert, all a-qulver with mettle. The commanding officer got them ashore and put them through their manual. The bluejackets were as one man with their pieces. The skipper then put them through the movements, and the clean, practiced fashion with which the bluejackets per formed the evolutions- caused The" for eign officers who had lunghed the day lefore the greatest amazement. When the party returned to the ship the dis liked officer put in his application for a transfer. When a chief engineer ou a man-o- war of today acquires the dislike of his men the "black gang" they are capable of making heavy trouble for him. Aside from the commanding offi cer, it might almost be said that of all the officers attached to a modern war vessel it Is most necessary for the chief engineer to possess not only the good will, but the actual devotion, of the men under him. The chief engineer Is held strictly accountable for the pres ervation In good condition of the ship's boilers and machinery. . A loose screw may very easily disable an engine, and it is the simplest thing in life to loosen a screw without anybody beiug the wiser. One cut rivet is enough to make a boiler useless, and crown plates may be let down easily enough. A crime of this sort has never been actually fas tened upon an enlisted man in the en gineer's department of an American ship of war, but it is a matter of com mon knowledge in the navy that those chief engineers who are unpopular with the men under them have far the most trouble with the machinery and boilers in. their charge, and some of these disliked chiefs have to expend a great deal of ink and paper in explain ing to the department Just why there are so many breakdowns In the gear over which they have control. It Is quite possible for so low rated a man as even an aggrieved coal passer to get his chief engineer tangled up with a, court of inquiry. Moreover, it often happens that an unpopular chief engineer can't get his men to make steam. The firemen ap parently work bard enough, but they don't get the revolutions out of the propellers. News travels just as fast from the cabin to the fo'c'sle as it does from the fo'c'sle to the cabin, and when the firemen hear that their unpopular chief engineer has been ordered to get the ship to such and such a port at such and such, a time they Just catch one another's eyes, and the ship doesn't get there in that time or anything like It. It would make no difference if the chief engineer himself were to stand watch In the ' fire rooms twenty-four hours at a stretch. Tbe steam registers wouldn't take any upward leaps on ac count of his presence. The assistant engineers also stand in ' need of the good will of the black gang. On ships attached to which there have been two assistant engineers, one of them liked and the other of them out of favor with the black gang, it has frequently been observed that the speed of the ship during the watches of the disliked engineer has fallen short by knots of the speed got out of the engines by bis brother officer. And so it goes. Things are about the same the world over, and men are hu ttatt.onjboajd. bMd as,weU ag-thy are on dry Hind. A gang of railroad con struction hands will "lay down" on an unpopular foreman in Just about the same way that . a disaffected gang of bluejackets -will "show up" an unpopu lar officer. But flaying down" Isn't mutiny. Washington Star. . CHURCH KINDERGARTEN. A l'aator'a l'lan to Enable Mottarra to Attend Services. Rev. Finis Idleman, pastor of the Christian church in Paris, 111., and one of the most progressive ministers in the city, recently put into practice plan whereby mothers may come to church on Sunday and bring all the children aud not be caused any worry through fear that during the service the conduct of the little ones may an noy the pastor or the congregation, says a Paris correspondent of the St, Louis Post-Dispatch. lie has secured the services of Miss Rachel E. Bremmeuun of Bloomiugton 111., one of the best klndergarteu teach ers in the state, who, with the assist ance of a few of the women of fhe church, has fitted up a room in the rea of the edifice, where the children are taken during tbe progress of the serv ices and taught as they would be in a kindergarten. Miss Bretnmenan says she will make her end of the work so attractive and profitable that the children will beg to be allowed to attend the kindergarten sessions. Thus the parents of the lit tle ones will not only have no excuse for not going to church and their chil dren's pleadings will supply an add! tional Incentive for their attendance. The kindergarten Is only for the chil dren who are accompanied to church by their parents. A Sfw rian to Stop Spitting. Chief of Police Paul Milliken of Chi cinuati has adopted new tactics In the war against snitters In street cars aud public places, says a Cincinnati di patch. He directed patrolmen to hand to any one seen expectorating in a public place a card on which is printed "Spitting menaces public health. "Spitting on sidewalks. In public con veyances or In public places is liable to communicate disease. lo not spit." The 'other side of the card bears copy of the city ordinance. Slouki am Cnaaffenra. The monks of the Grand St. Bernard will soon make their debut as chauf feurs, says the St. Louis Post-Dis patch. After a struggle lasting over a year they have received permission from the Valais aud Italian authorities to run a motor car sofvlce between the hospices of Grand St. Bernard and Simplon (their properties) and Domo- dossola and Aosta. The chauffeurs will be chosen from the monks themselves, who will wear cowls. The cars, which are being specially constructed U climb the steep gradients, will at the begin ning be employed for the transport of supplies only. Later, however, the monks intend to start a service for tourists who wish to visit their hos pices in the summer season. Gates and Urnke. John W. Gates and John A. Drake, two Chicago turfmen, are now talked about as the" real owners of the Salem (X. II.) race track which is in course of construction. Their interest iu the ownership has leeu denied, however, by Andrew Miller, president of the New England Breeders' club. cnucu a common everyuay tmug as sneezing is not supposed to be rife with any special Importance or mys tery, yet It is- interesting to discover how mauy omens and superstitions of olden times were connected with it. Superstition,' that unknown,, mysteil ous fear which controls us in spite of our reason, clings to aud directs us in even the most common acts of life. How many there are of us, clear head ed and practical though we may con sider ourselves, ' who do not eonuect some pet . superstition with slmp'.o events, as the breaking of a mirror, the burning of an car, the 'finding of a horseshoe or four leaf clover or the spilling of salt! Aud many a mother would rather her baby had the croup than have him look in the glass before he Is a year old or sneeze at an un lucky season. And in connection with sneezing alone there are more super stitions than are genera Iljr realized. This Is a simple act iu itself and seemingly would give very little cause for superstition.. According to a popu lar definition, "sneezing Is a natural respiratory movement. Interrupted by a strong expiratory effort, expelling the air through the nose with more or less noise." This action may be brought on by the inhalation of dust, pungent vapors or by the simple inspiration of air when the membrane is. diseased or in an irritable couditlon, as in the case of cold. There is also a spot In the head the touching of which will cause sneezing In many people. Barbers are aware of this fact, as their gentle ma nipulations are often greeted with a round of sneezes. This is supposed to be caused by the touching of a small and extremely sensitive nerve which runs from the top of the head to the nostril and " is much more sensitive with some than with others. Sneezing is now considered a favor able and healthful action and is court ed by people who believe in its efficacy by looking intently at the sun until the desired. action occurs. . Consumptives SNEEZING AND OMENS; SUPERSTITIONS OLD AS HILLS THE CRIMINAL INSTINCT IN ANIMALS. It has been proved beyond question that in the animal kingdom there are mauy curious equivalents of crime among men,. Cannibalism is not un known in the animal world. Wolf eats wolf, and in certain circumstances, and despite proverbs to the contrary, dog will eat dog. W ell nourished dogs are not often guilty of this savage custom, though It has been observed where ne cessity did not impel, but arctic travel ers have frequently fed: their famished Eskimo team on the carcasses of breth ren that died from effects of cold or hunger, and under such conditions mothers have devoured their puppies with no hesitation or lack of appetite. Domestic cats have killed aud eaten their young, aud rabbits have been known to feed on one another even when plentifully supplied with food to their liking. The rat is nearly always a cannbal under stress of circum stances. The cannibalistic propensities of the pike need very little stimulus. Young crocodiles are occasionally gobbled by their parents or at least by their moth ers. Warrior auts devour in a furv 1 lie ants they have killed in battle. A certain famous case In a reptile house of a zoological garden was evl deutly not one of genuine cannibalism. but serpents have been guilty of the act. Infanticide, patricide, matricide and fratricide are aggravating circum stances of cannibalism In the auinial world. There are crimes known to our caleudar of which the only or the chief motive appears to be the "inveterate dislike of one individual (the assailant) for another (the assaulted), and these strange antipathies exist In the ani mal world and are the cause of assault aud battery and often of the death of both parties. Horses, dogs and mon keys furnish many examples of vio lence proceeding from antipathy. The sudden gusts of uncontrollable rage which Impel the Malay to run amuck through his native high street seize at times upon the gentlest of an imals, and the results are much the same as in the Malay peuiusula unless the subject of his brief, terrible mad ness can be caught or slain. Different are the cases of animals proverbial for their patience which may be goaded in to a fury. The dromedary, ordinarily a model of good behavior, is sometimes teased , by his drivers until they are compelled to flee before his rage or to strip off and throw him their garments, that he may tear and trample them to pieces. Every one knows to what a pass the docile elephant will carry his desire for revenge when his dignity has been badly insulted or his good nature abused. More curious it is to note that among animals, as among men, some of the worst offenses that can be committed have their orlgiu in the passion of love. Jealousy burns fiercely in many a brute's bosom, aud wheu affected with the ."universal distemper of love" the whole animal creation, from the tiger to the dove. Is capable of any excesses against its disturbers, whether of its own or the human kind. Association for deliberate purposes of wrongdoing is not rare among animals both of the higher and the lesser order of Intelli gence. Other animals steal in bauds. Baboons go out In troops to rob or chards difficult of access. Couditlons are said never to sneeze,' and many an unfortunate victim of this disease gauges tne probability of his recovery by this standard. The old custom of saying VGod bless you!" when a sneeze Is heard is of an cient origin and still prevails in orien tal countries. In the time of St. Greg ory the Great at a certain season the air was filled with an unwholesome vapor or malaria, which so affected the people that those who sneezed were at once stricken with death agonies. In this strait the pontiff is said to have devised a form of prayer to be uttered when the paroxysm was seen to be coming ou and which, It was hoped, would avert the stroke of the death angel. Sneezing is mentioned In works of mythology, and It is said that the first sign of life given by the cunningly wrought Image of Prometheus was a lusty sneeze. Aristotle, In writing of this subject, says that those who thoHght the seat of the soul to be in the brain looked upon sneezing as "one of the most sensible and manifest operations of the brain." In ancient books we find many refer ences to this act, as in the "Odyssey," where the' sneezing of Telemachus is accepted as a pleasing confirmation of the words of his mother just at a time when she Is denouncing the riot ous gormandizing suitors and praising the valor of Ulysses: She spoke. Telemachus then sneezed aloud. Constrained, his nostril echoed through the crowd. The smiling- queen tha happy omen bless ed. So may these impious fall, by fate op pressed!" Great results often grow from small acts, an example of which Is seen iu the time when the fate of the whole Greek army was decided by so com mon and natural an occurrence as the sneeze of a soldier. While Xenophon was delivering his famous address to the army, urging his companions to be firm and boj dx and, while they werejiu- of climatS "ami change of atmosphere have their influence upon the tempera ments of animals. Speaking generally. wild creatures Inhabiting very hot countries are more savage thau .those inhabiting cold or temperate climes. New York Herald. RIGHT SIDE OF A CAR. Experienced Travelers Have a. Ilea son For Sitting; There. When you are traveling and enter a sleepiug car, chair car or day coach and want to find the traveling men, look on the right side of the cars. You can tell "drummers," of course, with out that, but if you go into any railway train j-ou xll find the commercial travelers the men who make a busi ness of travelings-all riding on the right baud side. If you want to test this, go some time to the sleeping car chart at any sta tion and you will tind the right hand berths sold aud the left baud ones mostly vacant. The custom, which has grown great ly, is extremely noticeable even to rail way men. and the makers of sleeping cars would put all the berths on the right hand side if they could. The de mand for berths on the iight hand side is enormous. It is not habit or superstition with these old travelers; it Is based ou ex perience, and the cause is twofold. Force of habit, the "rule of the road," for hundreds of years will cause most lersons to take the right baud side naturally, but this applies to traveling men no more than to the ordinary trav eler. Yet, while the commercial travelers will light almost for the right baud seats, there are three big roads in the United States where the demand is for left hand seats and berths. All but three of the big roads of the Uuited States follow the "rule of the road" that is, they run their trains on the right baud track of the double tracked line. The right hand side of tbe car is therefore the farthest re moved from the trains passing iu the opposite direction, and passengers on that side escape the noise and dirt. In the night they are not awakened by the crash of passing trains, although they maj' suffer more from passing long lines of cars on side tracks. The chief reason, however, that the traveling men choose the right hand side is for greater safety, as the left hand side of the train running ou the right baud track is exposed to danger from passing trains. All old travelers expect some time to be In an -accident, and they do not overlook any safe guards. They know that at any time some big piece of freight from some passing freight train might be jostled loose and rip through the sides of the fast train going iu the opposite direc tion. They know that some loose side door of a freight car. caught in the suc tion between the trains, may rip a hole iu the sleepiug car's side. They know it is possible for one of the heavy mail bag catchers on a small train to tear through the sides of a- half a dozen cars going in the opposite direction if some one left it sticking out through carelessness. Also they know that when fast trains are hurried' into sidings by misplaced switches the left hand side suffers most. So the veterans with the travel worn grips claim and pre-empt the right hand seats and berths everywhere, aud the rest of the public Is no wiser. Chi cago Tribune. UeeiiSed as to wuetlier resistance or re treat were the better part a sounding sneeze was heard down the ranks. This omen was at once accepted, tuts and ull suiiertluous accoutermeuts burned, aud that retreat, since so fa mous, with all its hardships and da ti gers, was begun. An old proverb says, "Two or three sneezes be wholesome,", and there is a proverb to the effect that when a patient has sneezed three times he may be discharged from tbe hospital. Even where sneezing is considered a favorable omen the time of day Is sometimes thought to determine its good or ill effect, as a sneeze which takes place from noon to midnight is thought to be auspicious, while one oc curring from midnight to noon is quite otherwise. Among the mauy supersti tions concerning death we have one in regard to this act. Thus if one sneeze for three successive nights it is accept ed as a token that a death will take place In the family or that some other dire calamity will lefall them. It would certainly be more sensible for Intelligent people to take the com mon sense view of the subject and look upon this sneezing simply as a "sign" that we are catching cold and as a "warning" to move out Of a draft. Yet many will cling W these other "signs" and "warnings" of the superstitious. Blackwood's Magazine. Self Help-" Society In Korea. Yun illo Chiung, who has been In durance vile on some charge of sedi tion, has been released ami now pro poses, with the assistance of the ed itor of the ,"h.'ing Sung newspaper, to found a society for self help, says the Korean News. The Rociety is to be called the Cha Kang Hoi. Ills Preference. LadyAre you not ashamed to be begging on the streets? Beggar Well, yes. I'd eooner do it In the pulpit or at a cnurcn oazaar, nut rate is against J mi TklA ' me. London Tit-Bits. HOIV SCIENTISTS ARE ENLARGING THE FIELD OF HUMAN SUSTENANCE New Yorkers who enjoy good things to eat and who go to the big hotels to feast upon new contraptions In the cu linary line are just now enjoying brand new vegetable, says a special Washington correspondent of the New York Post. It is called "chayote" and belongs to the eggplant variety, but has been develoied by scientific agrl culturlsts so successfully that it bears about the same resemblance to the original stock as a twenty inch prize chrysanthemum does to the original little bloom the size of a dollar, from which it has been devclojied. It Is not an unusual thing for the ex perts In the bureau of plant lutroduc tion in the department of agriculture to receive almost plaintive appeals from chefs employed In the great ho tels for some new food product uion which they may exercise their Ingenu ity to tickle the Jaded palates of their particular and finicky patrons. Epi cures and persistent diners out make demands for something new in the line of eatables, something possessing Just a touch of sweet or a tinge. of acid which will differentiate it from the staple foods of which 'they have lie- come tired. The task of discovering new foods Is committed to the care of young men of scientific training who are sent by the government to all quarters of the globe to search for the merest snip of a plant which seems to have qualities capable of development or to choose out of a forest a nut bearing tree which pre sents Judications of commercial possi bilities as a producer. In following out such processes as these an insignificant plant stock bear ing a limited number of small fruits has been develoied Into the new cha yote, a plant which in Its improved form combines the three important characteristics necessary to great val ue as a food product quality, produc tiveness and reasonable cost. The cha yote will grow 500 fruits to the vine, a more numerous product and at the same time of better quality and of lar ger size than any market vegetable of its kind heretofore grown. Growers may sell their crops at a very low fig ure and still make money on the In vestment. At present a profit may be made by selling them at 10 cents apiece, and when the production be comes more general the price will probably decrease at least half. Another food stock relied uiou by chefs for a good many concoctions of the substantial sort is rice. For popu lar consumption one of the chief argu ments for acceptance must be cheap ness of cost. The rice planters of Ixu isiana niJH Texas were losing $3,000,000 a year through breakage of the long kernel variety in the milling process in vogue, 'itie manner or extracting tne kernels by passing the stock between rollers is admittedly bud, but no better system has leen devised. Consequent ly the experts here began an Investiga tion, with the result that there has been imported from Japan a short ker nel rice called "kiushu." Already one half the whole area of the Texas and Louisiana rice fields has been planted with It. A strange fact discovered In the Introduction of this Japanese rice Is that It does not do as well in wet regions as In dry. For Mississippi it Is not so good a variety as they are now growing, but for the Texaus It is much better. The problem of what to grow In the semiarid sections of the country has been responsible for some of the Im portant seed aud plant Introduction work accomplished In this country. Some mouths ago attention was called in this corresiondeuce to the ready ac ceptance with which the durum or macaroni wheat of the Mediterranean countries had been received in the semiarid portions of the west. Its cul tivation iKHiig so successful tnat tne experiment had been tried of exporting a cargo abroad to the very section from which the seed came originally Statistics gathered since that article was written show that last year's crop of this new variety reached the high total of 20,000,000 bushels. Because of the ability to grow it on land which had too little rainfall for raising the standard varieties of wheat and be cause of the larger yield to the acre the growers of durum wheat found it possible to pay all the cost of cultiva tion, garnering aud transportation to Europe and to set it down there at a profit Iu couiietitiou with home grown macaroni wheat. An agricultural explorer sent to Tur kestan u number of years ago brought back a socles of alfalfa which he pre dicted could be cultivated on the arid lands of the west with much greater success than auy then known. The new variety has been found to yield half again as much aud In some locali ties double the crop of the ordinary al falfa. What such an Increase means commercially may be roughly estimat ed when It Is known that Its Introduc tion affects the whole section from the two Dakotas and Montana along the upper boundary to Wyoming aud Utah and down through Nebraska and Kan sas to Texas.. Three of the largest seed firms of the country have been Import ing this seed in carload lots, with full confidence In finding a market for It In the west. Breathla- Carboale Acid. It Is well known that a verv much larger proportion of carbonic add than - mm Equally exlstsjn fhe atpioph,re f pe rnnared with Impunity, but only in re cent times have we been aware of the large quantity that can be breathed without actual danger. Ordinary fresh air contains but four parts in 10,000, yet the carbonic acid has to reach 3 per cent, or 100 times the usual quantity, Ijefore any difference Is noticed in the respiration. As the percentage rises the person breathing it begins to pant, but with air containing as much as 10 per cent only a headache is produced, although the panting is violent. The actual danger point is not reached un til the tarbouic acid rises to 18 per cent. Foul air M a room where a num ber of persons are present la not dan gerous on account of the carbonic acid it contains, but owing to a poisonous organic substance given off with tho breath. Carbonic acid is not a direct poison, but when the danger point is reached the air can take none from the blood In the lungs, so that the fires of the human engine are extinguished by, their own smoke, as it were. It is real ly wonderful what the human engine will endure, for a candle goes out when the oxygen in the air sinks to 18.5 In stead of the usual 21 per cent, and the carbonic acid rises to 2.5. Chambers' Journal. RICHARD BURBAGE. lie IVaa a (rrnt Aclctr and Shake peare'a I.eadlnr Star. March 10, 1C1S or 1G10, IUcbard Bur- bage, player, died at Shoreditch, Lon don. The first of the great English tragic actors, Burba ge was in every way worthy to head the long roll of Eng land's famous players. The son of an actor, the friend and companion of ShakesjK-are, it was through him that many of the heroes of the dramatist first spoke to the eager playgoers who thronged the Globe theater. He wan the original of Borneo. Hamlet, Lear. Othello, Macbeth, ShyhK-k, lClchard III. and many 'other of Shakespeare's leading characters, and his namo stands next to that of the great poet in the licenses for acting granted by James I. in 1G03 to the company of tho Globe theater. Ills powers as an actor were not his only claim to distinction, for he was also a successful painter. The fume of his abilities held a prominent place hi theatrical tradition for many years, a poem In bis honor, dedicated to one of the great players of the day, helm; written as late as the timeof Charles II. His death, which was probably the esult of paralysis, caused the poets to turn their thoughts to his successful ireer, aud it Is from the nuraerou elegies then written that most of the Information coucernlng him must bo gathered. Few players have ever had the good fortune to le so well liked by the dramatists of their time, and all praiseil him, one even-lamenting that his death "hath made a visible ecllpRO of playing." A shrewd, careful man in his busi ness affairs, Burba ge left an estate producing a yearly Income of 300, a large sum for n player Jn those days to bequeath to his heirs. Beloved and respected by all. he survived his great master by only a few years, his grave bearing the simple, expri'sslve epitaph, "Exit Burba ge." Ixindon Saturday, Iteview. CHLOROPHYLL. To Thin Subulance la Due tha Color-' fair f IManta. Chlorophyll Is perhaps the mo6t Im portant coloring substance in tho world, for upon this substance depend the characteristic activity of plants, the synthesis of complex compounds from carbon dioxide and water process, upon which the existence of all living things is ultimately conditioned. Only Jn a very few unimportant forms devoid of chlorophyll can the synthesis of com plex from simple compounds or from the elements be accomplished. The function of chlorophyll may only be comprehended when its chief physical properties are understood. These m ay be best illustrated by placing a gram of chopped leaves of grass or geranium in a few cubic centimeters of strong alcohol for an hour. Such a solution will be of a bright, clear green color, and when the vessel containing It is held in such a manner that the sunlight Is reflected from the surface of the liquid it will appear blood rod, due to its property of fluor escence, that of changing the wave length of the rays of light of the Tlolet and of the spectrum in such a manner as to make them coincide with those of the red end. It Is by examination of light which has passed through a solu tion of chlorophyll, however, that tho greatest insight Into its physical prop erties may be gained. If such a ray of light Is passed through a prism and spread out on a screen. It may be seen that there are several large intervals of dark bands Jn the spectrum. The rays of light which would have occu pied these spaces have been absorbed by the chlorophyll and converted Into beat and other forms of energy. This energy is directly available to the pro toplasm containing the chlorophyll, and by means of It the synthesis of com plex substanco may be accomplished. Hainand Since Walker Tlghs inher ited $1,000,000 he Is a paradox. Egg-ln-rt What's the answer? Hainand He Is both the richest and poorest actor on the stage. Chicago News, j