2
TIIR AUG US, SATUEDAf FE15KUARY 25, 1893.
THE AHGUS.
FaMished Daily and Weekly M 1834; Second
ATenne, Bock Island, lu.
J- W. Potter,
Publisher.
Tims-Dally 6uc per month; Meekly ft.UO
per annam; in advance fi .so.
All aommontcatlons of a critical or aremmenta
tWe character, political or religions, mast save
real same attached tor puni cation, no suco
sraeies will to printed over nctiuous signatures,
Aunnaai eommnnicatioiis not noticed.
Correspondence solicited from every township
n noes isiana coanv.
Satcbdat, Fklkuart 25, 1893.
Engines of 1,000 horse power at
the World's fair will make 200 revo
lutions per minute.
Macomb Eagle: Gresham in Cleve
land's cabinet will not only please
the people of Indiana and Illinois,
but will please the people all over
the central and western states.
The death of Gen. Beauregard,
which occurred Monday, leaves
Kirbv Smith as the last surviving
full srencral of the confederate
armies.
The Peoria Herald favors the ap
pointment of Judge J. E. Worthing-
ton to succeed Judge Gresham a
United States circuit judge. The
Springfield Register says Judge
Worth ington is a lawyer of ability
and a true and tried democrat. The
Akgi s endorses both suggestions on
the part of itscontemporaries.
The Belleville News-Democrat
pays: "Wc are doing Altgeld an in
justice when wc presume that lie
was not heartily in accord with the
action of Gill, during his absence,
with regard to the ex-auditors and
ex-treasurers. He has expressed his
Learty approval of the plucky lieu
tenant's manlv cour
The election of a democratic United
States senator in North Dakota was
scarcely expected, but is no less wel
come. This with a democratic sena
tor from Wyoming who will be ap
pointed by the governor of that state,
gives the democracy 45 senators out
of the 83, or a clear majority of two
over the republicans and populists
combined.
Petersburg Democrat: The dem
cratic members of the legislature at
Springfield are expected to redeem
every one of the ante-eleetion pledges
made in the state convention. The
people should not must not be dis
appointed in their belief that a plat
form of the party of Jackson and Jef
ferson means just what it says.
Gubernatorial Appointments.
Gov. Altgeld has made the follow
ing appointments of trustees for
state institutions:
Illinois Northern Hospital for the
Insane, at Elgin John D. Donovan,
of Woodstock, McIIenry county, (ap
pointment to take effect March 1,
1893,) to succeed Charles W. Marsh,
whose term will expire March 1,
1893; John Newman, of Elgin, Kane
county, to succeed David F. Barclay,
removed, and V. A. Dieter, of
Napierville, DuPage county, to suc
ceed Luther L. Hiatt, removed.
Illinois Central Hospital for the In
sane, at Jacksonville Owen P.
Thompson, of Jacksonville, Morgan
county, to succeed William 11. New
ton, removed; Delos P. Phelps, of
Monmouth, Warren county, to suc
ceed David K. Beatty, resigned, and
Joseph M. Page, of Jerseyville, Jer
ey county, to succeed Edward P.
Kirby, resigned.
Illinois Southern Hospital for the
Insane, at Anna Alva Blanchard, of
Tamaroa, Perry county, to succeed
Marshall Culp, resigned; .Albert
Smith, of Cairo, to succeed James
Bottom, resigned, and John Spire, of
Cairo, to succeed William H. Boi
court, resigned.
Tail au Major M'CUuchry.
Chicago Tost.
The committee appointed to inves
tigate the charges against the Joliet
penitentiary commission can 'ive an
unmistakable sign at once of the "fn
uineness of their intentions. If they
wish to get to the bottom of the scan
dal, let them call on Major Me.
Claughry, the' Chicago chief of i,
lice, who for many years was warden
, of the prison. As an honest man Mc
Claughry cannot refuse to tell the
circumstances in which his resigna
tion of the wardenship was force!! by
"Boss" Jones. That . wonld be a
dtarting point. In other wavs also
the ex-warden could throw a great
deal of light on the peculiar methods
of the ring that has had the prison in
its clutches during the administra
prereding Altgeld's.
Justice to the state executive, who
made the corruption at Joliet the
principal point of attack last fall, de
mands that the search be merciless.
Summon the chief of police and make
him tell all he knows.
PEARL OF THE PACIFIC.
Hawaii Is Richly Endowed With
We ilth and Beauty.
A LAND OF LUXURY AND LAZINESS.
Thai Experiences and Observations of An
American 1 raveler In the Sandwich Is-
. lands The Progress of Civilization and
Christianity The Native Language and
Religion Vneer Habits and Customs.
An Opera B uffe Kingdom The) Tragedy
of Captain Cook The World's Grandest
Volcano.
iCopjright, 1803.1
There never was a lovelier March morn
ing than that on which Honolulu first
rose to my eight Yes, literally "rose,"
for we had gotten close in during the
night. The sky was not perfectly clear
till just at daylight, and there was no
lingering dawn as in the far north.
Scarcely had our strained eyes made out
the bold proiaontory of Diamond head
(so called, I was told, because there are
no precious Hones in the islands) when
suddenly the grand sweep of mountains
came into vi ;w, and then, as if a flat in
a theater bad slid back and disclosed a
gorgeous tropical scene, Honolulu rose
to sight. It was a jierfectly delightful
snrprise. worth coming a thousand miles
to nee.
There was the usual delay in setting
close in. and we had scarcely time to
view the city by the rosy light when we
saw many p;ople running toward the
beach. It eejmed to me that they did
not even chet k their speed at the water's
eage, out jumped into tneir canoes.
which moved off at once, and in a few min
utes the Kanakas were swarming about
the ship or cl.mbing on deck. Our lady
passengers, having heard "dreadful
things." were prepared to blush accord
ingly, and th 3 more roguish among the
gentlemen anticipated some fun, but
both were dif appointed. The native rueu
were dressed quite so-so for boatmen,
and though the few women who came
near wore a;h t single garment they
managed it with womanly skill. In
truth, one m:iy see much more reckless
exposure at any bathing resort. It was
later and in the interior but I anticipate.
The rising sun now sent its brilliant
glare npon Lonolaln and showed us
what? Was:t a child's tov villace sud
denly enlarge i or a transformation scene
in a i airy puniomime.' mere were
planitni cocnaunt trees and curious
palms great banks of flowers in one
place ami a regular English sward in an
other, trailing vines aud bare, hot look
ing places, ac d here and there patches of
neglected la::d. which looked dry and
arid It was evident at first view of the
bouses thai the old was still struggling
with the new. for regular New England
cottages wit i greeu blinds and stone
structures w re mingled with mere huts
of straw aud tolerably solid adobe build
ings lite thoss I had become accustomed
to at Salt Lake City.
My first n niression on enterin-j the
place was th:it ail the true natives had
gone off in tlieir canoes, fur we at first
encountered none but Chinese and other
uplutrently iVsiaric people, and then
Portuguese, frenchmen and a few Eng-
VII W OF HONOLUTX.
lish nnd Americans, but before reaching
our hotel we saw that those were onlv
the advance gu.ird of porters, smail
traders, ager.ts for this and that, idle
sailors and the general flotsam and jet
sam of a port in the tropics which is the
common resting place of rovers of all
nations
Prom the center of the town on, how
ever we stnek it rich in the Kanaka
line. We sa x them of every age and
many shades f color and in every stage
of dress and civilization, from the new
arrival from the mountain highlands,
clad only so tar as absolute decency re
quired, to ti;e cultured gentleman in
blue coat, wlite vest and truly immacu
late linen At every convenient recess
in the side of the street was a group of
native woraea. but there was not the
same variety in their dress. With scarce
ly an excep-non each wore a sort of
'Mother Hu'sbard" of blue cloth, and
whether walking, sitting or riding and
many of theiu were riding aud always
astride they managed this single irar-
tnent with tb j same modest grace I had
noted among those in the boats.
The streets are of fair width, and in
places seemed to me whiter than was
agreeable and rather dusty. As there is
nearly always breeze enough at sea to
refrrsh one, I felt oppressed at first by
the dead calm in the air, and retiring to
the courtyard of the hotel was just say
ing it was hotter than I had been led to
expect when I felt a strong, cool breeze.
lu three minctes at the furthest the sky
was overcast anu almost black; in 10
uiiuntes more the rain was pouring in
volumes, which, as it Beemed to me,
threatened to wash the town away. 1
naturally supposed that open air sight
seeing was doue with for that day. but
my local meuior, to whom I had brought
letters from S-alt Lake City, laughingly
replied : "W t a wee. You are not in old
England now. nor yet in Utah."
in an hour the sky was bright and
clear as ever. In another the streets
were in spleidid condition, and next
morning they were dusty again. I then
learned three things which surprised me
very much: 1 hat at least one-fourth of
the entire pot. ulation of the little king
dom live in H snolula; that the city rests
not on the trie rock of the islands or
volcanic deposits, but on a sort of flat
built np by the coral insect, and that
inree-iourtns of the Hawaiian of all
races live in very narrow belts around
the islands. The interior of Hawaii es
pecially is an almost untrodden waste.
The corallino basis of Honolulu is to
open that water runs through it as
through a fine sieve, and so. utongh it
may rain six days in succession, tlie
streets will le dry on the seventh.
KANAKA SPEECH AND RELIGION.
How the Islands Were Built t'p and How
Christianized.
The first task for me, pursuant to my
business on the islands, was to learn a
little of the language, which deserves a
paragraph or two, especially as many
native names must appear in the re
mainder of this article. I found it quite
easy of acqnivemeut. Every word and
every syllable in every word ends with
a vowel, and every vowel is pronounced
almost exactly as in German. There is
of course a syllable to every vowel, but
in ordinary and rapid pronunciation the
effect is precisely the same as in German
and Spanish that is, au or ah-oo, is
practically pronounced ow, as in "now.''
Ao is nearly the same, but it is rather
more "tony" to pronounce these two dis
tinctly separate. Ai is, similarly, pro-
Ir-UIHAU
9
vv?"10
' nawkil
MAP OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.
nounced exactly like long i in line and
prime; e as a in fate, i as ee in feel, u as
oo in coo and all other letters as in English.
When ii follow a vowel, tho first i is
sounded with that vowel and the second
alone. Thus Hawaii is Uah-wy-ee, ac
cented on the second svllable.
It is the consonants which make the
trouble. To say that the language has
no constant consonants would be scarce
ly an exaggeration. The vowels are al
ways pronounced clearly and strongly,
in many cases with a real lingering
sweetness, but not so the consonants.
In fact, if a clear voiced talker should
omit the consonants entirely, a native
would generally understand him. One
must listen carefully to distinguish be
tween r and I, between t and k, and so
of many other doubh.-s. and in the older
works on the islands one finds the names
thus sailed indifferently, as taro or
kalo, Kilauea or Tirauea, or more com
monly Kiranea. Pele, Ttle or Kele, etc.
My first lessons wen) in the "Book of
Mormon." my local mentor being a mis
sionary of that persuasion, and this
book, unlike most, loses nothing in trans
lation The spirit of the original could
not evajHrat, as Max Mullerputsit.be
cause in English the hook is aptly de
scribee! as "chloroform in print" hope
lessly dull Nevertheless the Mormons
have done a wonderful work on the is
lands, and this would be one of their
strongest outposts if their converts had
not. Kanaka fashion, died off so rapidly.
In Utah is an extensive family of Nebe
kers, cousins, i believe, of the present
United Suites treasurer. One of these
did so good a work in Kauai that his
most talented converts took his name.
After my return to Salt Uike City 1
heard one of these Kanaka Nebekers de
liver an address there iu his native
tongue which a returned missionary
translated, and though by no means an
expert in Kanaka 1 understood enough
to realize that that interpreter was a phe
nomenally brilliant liar.
The American missionaries reached
the islands in 1800 iind oou had the na
tive speech reduced to a written lan
guage. Now every adult Kanaka can
read and write. Some 300 books have
been published in tha language, and the
Kanaka journals are read by every one.
Bearing in mind the rules above given,
the reader will easily see that Oaliu is
pronounced O-ah-hoo: Maui, Mow-ee;
Kilauea, Kee-low-a-ah; Liliuokalani,
Lee-lee-oo-oh-ka-la-nee. and so on of all
other places and persons. The main is
land gives a name to the whole group
with the addition of Nei (Xay-ee), a word
signifying union, or the whole; hence
the official designation of the kingdom
is Hawaii-Xei.
Hawaii is nearly twice as large as all
the other islands together, but Oahu is
politically the most important, having
the capital and by far the best harbor in
the islands, and Kauai is rather the most
advanced in agriculture. I did not know
the reason t.f this till 1 found it out, and
I was quite snddeuly put in the way of
finding it out at Hilo. in Hawaii. It was
a perfectly lovely day. and 1 was writing
and lounging by turns when there came
a strange quiver: my inkstand danced
over the table like a quicksilvered toy
man, I felt a sudden nausea, there was a
grinding sensatiou in the very light
frame walls, and "subsequent proceed
ings interested me tio more" in that
room for I was in the middle of the
street with several other people. It
was over in a minute. Then every
body laughed and twinted out that even
if one of these houses fell on a fellow it
would not hurt him much, for they are
very light in structure. Heavy stone
buildings are all very well for Oahn and
Kauai, and will barely do in Maui and
Molokai. but not in EJuwaii
The explanation is. to my mind, very
curious The islands were all built up
by volcauo and earthquake. Nature be
gan the job at tht northwest end of the
chain with some small isiauds, mere
rocky jieaks; as she moved southeast
ward she built np successively larger is
lands, aud she is still at it intends to
keep at it. the rock t harps" s.vy. till she
makea a real island continent. While
she is building an island it is of course
'powerful nneasy and mighty uncer
tain," but when she has finished it it
settles down to a quiet maturity. Hence
the comparative steadiness of Oahu and
Kauai, heme the instability of Hawaii
Only live years be."ore my vi-nt there
was I'eie to pay in that isVind. (Pele is
the native devil of Hawaii, v.t deviless
rather, fi r it is a female.) For many
davs together the whole island shook
like a giant in an ague fit. The propri
etor of the hotel at the Kilanea crater
eaid in a letter to the Honolulu Adver
tiser that "Fele nent a Rodman 20-inch
shot with such precision that it struck
the ground within an inch of my bed. I
ran and did hot return." Nearly all the
stone buildings in mlo were shaken
, tiown. lne missionaries record with a
sort Kii grim humor that their bookcases
werv upset and the books went tumbling
over the house. Trees swayed and fell,
stone fences went down, and vast moun
tain masses rolled into the sea. One
missionary adds, so .gravely " that we
must not suspect him of a joke, that
they prayed with unusual fervor and
sang
On Jordan's stormy banks we stand.
And east a wishful eye.
THE WORLD'S GRANDEST VOLCANO
How the l.ava Made Hawaii Wild Life
Tlieraabouta.
I have no spite against the reader of
this article". 1 shall therefore not add
one to the i'O'.i and odd descriptions of
Kilauea now extant. As the raw attor
ney who began his maiden speech by tell
ing what the common law is was direct
ed by the judge "to assume that this
court knows something and not be s- r
rogantly instructive," so I shall assume
that the reader has read the old Fifth
Reader, and the usual Sunday school
books, and at least one general work of
travel, and that he takes at least one
good weekly paper, in which case he
must have seen half a dozen description!!.
I will only say that of the many I have
read since leaving the islands that of
Mark Twain seems to me the best, and
then go on to mention a few points
which astonished me and are not gener
ally mentioued in the accounts.
The first is the course of the lava. I
had an idea that it dashed down the
mountain side in a "mad torrent," but
it doesn't. At any rate it never does un
less when the quantity is enormous and
while it is still so hot as to maintain
great fluidity. Almost always always
in small streams it maintains a sluggish
flow, like warm tar or thin mush, and
as it flows tho surface is rapidly cooling
and forming a sort of case. The molten
interior bursts up through this, and the
outflow cools again, and this is repeated
so often that a moderate stream of lava
often assumes the appearance of a great
cylinder slowly creeping down. Even
when the outside 6eems comparatively
cool the thing is really an enormous
tube, down the interior of which the hot
and pasty lava is slowly forcing its way.
And this is the reason few or no lives
are lost in an ordinary eruption. One
can walk up to the advanced end of the
stream, gather a little of it on an iron
rod. press it into a mold of any desired
shape, and all without danger, and this
though the cylinder or tube may be 10
feet thick. The second fact that aston
ished me was the location of the crater.
Manna Loa is the mountain and Kilauea
is the crater, and Kilauea is not really
on Mauna Loa that is, not on top of it.
It is indeed but one-third as high, and,
so far as sea level is concerned, no higher
than Salt Lake City. It is, so to speak,
a boil on the flank of Mauna Loa, and
yet the crater itself does not overflow.
When the lava pressure becomes too
great t he res: rained, it breaks out some
. !;!- away down the mountain side.
i'y ;ii;.l l y rocl: sharps" say.it will
I't.r -i i.t:t wry off shore, and then we
h;,i! .i.-f addition to Hawaii
AnmlKT fuel, ami a very surprising
tact tmiif-d tome. w:is that the nearer
one '.'ts ti the volcano the more heath
enish tae natives are. This little fact
stump my philosophy," as they say at
Harvard, but it certainly is a fact. In
the islands of Kauai, Oahu and Maui 1
did not see a sign in the common life of
the people that there had ever been idol
atry there, but with every mile's travel
toward tho volcano I saw more signs
till, as we emerged from the forest on the
rock flat near the hotel, our native at
tendants showed themselves regular Pele
fanatics. Even "Old Antony," the guide,
recommended to us especially for his
Christian character, "backslid" when he
saw the smoke and hinted that it might
be as well to gather some berries to offer
as a sacrifice. This comical retrogres
sion in faith equally with progression in
altitude reminded me of the formula in
use in Texas when I was there in 1867:
"There is no Sunday west of the Trinity,
no law west of the Brazos and no God
west of the Colorado."
They say that the topography is tho
cause of this local backsliding. Maybe
so, but it is almost impossible to de
scribe the topography. In truth, a very
large part of Hawaii consists of a high
tableland inclosed in a sort of triangle
between the three great mountain peaks
of Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea and Manna
Hualalai, and this plateau is a dreadful
wilderness of tropical vines and giant
trees, growing among and biding im
mense rocks and crevices, with here and
there a bare field of splintered lava or
loose ashy stuff, and more rarely a fertile
little valley. In this region the cattle
introduced by early voyagers have left a
progeny as wild as any buffalo of the
olden time and much more dangerous.
But along the borders of the island, the
north especially, are some wonderfully
DISTANT VIEW OF KILAUEA.
fertile littls tracts, and the Kanakas have
here and there cultivated patches near
the inonn tains, where the lava seems to
have cooled out yesterday.
We too'; what is called the new route
to visit Ki'.-.Iakci'.kna bay. where Captain
Ci. k was kiii'-d, and of that tragedy I
received a very curious account from a
Mr Broi-htPti. an r.ged Briton, who
nveked th" inland as a sailor in 1840.
He !;:'.u it disvet from two aged Kanakas
who witnessed the killing. It seems that
tutT Captain Cook had carried matters
with a high hand for awliile two par
ties formed. One said he was Loco, the
god: the other thpt he wan Kanaka, or
Cooanaed a Blxlfa Page.
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Will last longer. SANTA CLAUS SOAP is
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fabric. It does n,ot roujhen orchapthe
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glasses, ana also for Li. i... .r
CCanRcaWe Spectacle j'.
Hie eiaM.-s arc the t-r-ati-i'
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chnsing a pair of tbe4 Non!K.B
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Men's Artistic Tailoring .
The Fashionable Fatrica for Spiing and Sumnit-r L;ive
arrived at
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All telephone orders promptly filled. Telephone Nu. 1103. 17X)Tbudiw.
AMERICAN HOUSE.
First-class Hotel and Restaurant, Market Square,
back of Thomas' drugstore.
LUNCH COUNTER IN CONNECTION
IST'Good Rooms by day or night.
WM. GLASS, Proprietor
A. BLACKBALL,
Mannfactnret or all klsde of
BOOTS AND SHOES
Gent's Fine Shoe a specialty. KeoalrlneioDe ceatlj and promptly.
A snare of your patronage respectfully scaciicd.
1618 Second &venu. Rock Island, K
Established 1E80-18M3.
ALWAYS THE CHEAPEST.
Save money by buying your Crockery, Glassware, Cut
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2TRS. C. MITSCH'S. 1314 Third Ave
B. F. DeGEAR,
Contractor arid Builder.
Rock IslaiJf
Offlce and Shop Corner Seventeenth St,
ana e Tenth Avenue.
tar-All kinds or carpenter work a tpodalty. Plans and estimates ror all kinds of fcS4ii
furnished on sppllca&on.
SETTERS & ANDERSON.
CONTRACTORS and BUILDERS
All Kinds ot Carpenter Work Done.
General Jobbing done on snort notice and satisfaction gnaranteed.
OSoaiamd SksmHSl Twslftk Strait. ROCK IBUD