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It IS' not surprising that American officers ' felt quite able to handle the military situation without asslstnnco from the host of applicants for commissions from abroad. Therefore when Wash ington heard that a young Frenchman named Lafayetto had left his wife and child and crossed the ocean to serve tho American cause as a volunteer without pay, ho muttered : "One more Incumbrance." But Lafayette pleaded: "Give mo a chnncej I do not want to bo an honorary soldier." Ho went to Washington's camp and thcro began a friendship which ran through so many years like an Idyl. In 1783 Brlssot visited Washington at Mr. Vernon with a letter from Lafayette. Lafayotte. f Ho sayt Washington "spoke to me 'of M. Do Lafayetto with emotion; ho considers him as his child." Later, Lafayetto sent to Washington tho key to tho destroyed Uastllc, saying: "It la a trlbuto which I owe as a son to my adopted father, as an ald-de-cnmp to my general, as a missionary of liberty to Its patriarch." Frfinch Eager In Llberta Cause. Tho spirit of Lafayetto was tho spirit of Uochnmbcaij'a army. A host of young French officers looked on tho expedition as a crusade for liberty, and crowded for places. Young Berthler was a volunteer at Torktown, and ho becama a marshal of France, Viscount "J 1 Do Noallles marched afoot tho wholo 750 miles from Newport to Yorktown. Young Salnt-SImon, Closen, Chaste!- lux, a brother of MIrabcau, a brother of Talleyrand, Barras, later Director Ibarras, and many other enthusiasts for liberty wcro In tho expedition. They understood Americans. Equality wns tho particular American trait which Impressed them most, and this Idea was Imported by them from America Into France. . Rochambcnu plnccd himself and his array under tho command of Washing ton. Tho ragged Americans always had tho right of, tho line. In caso of equality of rank, tho American officer always took command. Not so much ns a cabbage was taken without pay ment. Before Yorktown tho Ameri cans were not skilled In siege opera tions, and Washington gratefully ac knowledged the service of tho French engineers. Tho French fleet closed the river, and the surrender came. With out that French help wo tremble to think what might have happened. Fired Lafayette's Ardor. Toward the close of the year 1770, the duko of Cumberland, who was the brother of King George IH of England, was traveling In France, and one day he arrived at the town of Mctz, then n French possession. A certain count Dc Brogllc, a veteran of many battles, was In command of tho garrison, and, to do honor to his distinguished visitor, ho Invited some of his officers to meet him at dinner. Now It happened that tho duko of Cumberland was In dis favor with his royal brother he was, In fact, In banishment no had lately received news that certain of his majesty's colonies In Amerlcn had re belled and declared themselves free, declining to bo subject any longer to a tyrannical king. It would seem that tho duke of Cumberland told tho story with some gusto, as If ho were not al together sorry that his brother was In trouble. One officer listened with par ticular attention. lie was a youth of nineteen, all and thin, with a long nose nnd reddish hair. His solemn ex pression nnd his somewhat awkward manner contrasted strongly with tho frivolous ease nnd grace of the other young officers present Ho was a mar quis of long descent, connected by mnrrlngo with ono of the greatest families In France, and he had at his own disposition a very largo Income. He listened Intently, he asked' many eager questions, nnd when ho rose from tho table he had made a moment ous and historic resolution. He had resolved to abandon tho pleasures and luxuries of tho gayest court In the world, even to leave his young wife nnd child,' .and to cast a his lot with theso strnngo rebels in America. In his own words, "When first I heard of American independence, my heart was enlisted!" That young man was La fayette; and when the American army went to the front In France, It merely paid a smnll part of the debt of grati tude wo owo that splendid young of ficer that true nobleman... Appointed a major general by Wash; Ingtpn In July, he fought at the battle of Brandywluo in September and re ceived an ugly wound. Soon again In tho saddle, ho went through many vi cissitudes and privations with Wash ington nt Valley Forge, his crowning exploit being the forcing of tho retreat of Lord Cornwallls, leading to his sur render at Yorktown. In 1781. Although Washington nnd other famous Ameri can generals had Joined hi in previous to tho surrender, Lafayette, with a smnll force, hud Initiated tho rout of Cornwallls nt tho battlo of Albemarle. That tho highest credit was duo to La fayetto Is shown by tho fact that Washington warmly thanked and com plimented him In tho presence of the troops, after the great surrender which practically ended tho war. Patriot of Marblehead. General Lafayette paid a trlbuto to Marblehead, Mass., by making two visits to the people, by whom ho was trSflSBtHBIjtflBSBMh, Bfl BSSSlTaL-JMflBSBV 'w SSI f?-- j- V "f A''BBaaHbXfSBSH An Old-Time Patriot Cut Off the Cor ner of Hla House That Lafayette's Carriage Might Qo Through Hla Street received with bands of music and a huge procession of citizens. It Is re lated that on his first visit in 1781 thcro was a controversy as to how the procession was to proceed through the main streets of tho town," owing to the fact that at one of the sharp turns, a house so Jutted Into tho road thot the general's coach could not pasa. On the morning of tho great evcntSt was dis covered that tho patriotic family occu pying the property had cut off a sec tion of tho house, removing the offend ing corner and thus the coach wns driven without a hitch through the street The house with part of the first story missing can still bo seen in this year of 1919, and Is shown in the Illustration. - - "By the rude bridge that arched the flood, their flag to April's breeze unfurled, here once the embattled farm era stood and fired the ahot heard round the world." ' - FREEDOM OVER ALL THE EARTH Due Recognition of Human Rights :s Now the Aim of Mankind. Independence hall Is holy ground nt tho entrance to which, like Moses at the bush of fire, ono should re move his shoes ; but It pales into Insignificance be side Interdepend ence halt which some dny wo must build across tho street from tho "blrthplaco of IbiBbiiBw American liberty ." ( Ono hundred, two scoro and three years ago, tho federation of the thirteen colonies Into a federal union was a political event of prlmo Import; today It Is overshad owed by tho thing of which Tennyson" dreamed. "The Federation of tho World." Tho Declaration of Inde pendence Is a stnto paper of such sig nificance as to stand In a class by it self. It Immortalized every man who signed It. "These, united colonies nro and of right ought to be free nnd In dependent states; absolved from nil allcglnncu to tho British crown; and nil connection between them and Great Britain, is and ought to bo totally dis solved." So run tho words of flro tho Idealism of which was to bo mado rcnl If need be, by the lives, ns well ns the property and sacred honor of tho sig natories. But tho Declaration of In terdependence of all freo peoples will overtop that of July 4, 1770, as tho oak overtops tho daisy. Great Patriotlo Aim. But at that tlmo Independence was the biggest and best thing the fathers could purchase In a war of seven years. They could not enjoy tho un alienable rights of "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" while ruled' by Great Britain, for to bo subject to England meant to bo robbed and ex ploited, Jailed or hanged at the behest of a half-mad German, George III, who wore tho British crown. And so tho patriots proposed to stand alone, to bo Independent They proposed an equitable self-rule on lines more liberal than ever had been tried ; thero were to be neither kings nor kinglets but rather a stnto of human equality. Across the water It wns n dark day for human rights. In all Europe lib erty wns eclipsed ; thcro was not one freo people, Monnrchs were supreme and more or less tryannlcul; and so, When the jP- nut I wns never surprlscj nt any re-it- eniDinnce tnni nppoarmi when your uoy and ours stood U!o by side In the trenches. The mlnutomnn of Concord la the Ideal of the young Englishman of to. dny, who flung himself over the top, giv ing nway his comforts and risking his life for every man In his company. We long to seo England rich In Just such young men ns your mlnutcman, nnd you make the same prayer for America, so that In this, as In alt the things by which men live, you and we have the same nlms liberty and the servlco of our country and our Clod. I saw a very beautiful expression of the feeling bttween us on Memorial day last year, says a writer In Scrlbner's. I went early In the morning to the Old North brldgo-vrlth flowers for the mtnuteman; a Boutnern friend was with me, , land the two lost causes, Drltlah and Confederate, were alone on the bridge. We laid-flowers before the mlnutcman and on the grave of the two nrltlsh soldiers whose fate so moved Hawthorne. Ills spirit may have Joined us as we passed the Old Manse, but no one else waa to be seen, when suddenly a ghostly procession came through the mist six old veterans just risen from their graves; four tiny boy scouts hardly yet born; and" two young men of the present carrying a bugle and a flag. They went first to the nrltlsh grave, and for the first time In history they laid on It England's flag and a branch of New England apple blossoms; they saluted, blew a bugle call, and passed on to do the same for the mlnutcman and his flag. Then they stood In line on the 'bridge each of the 12 threw a flower Into, the river and saluted, while the leader said; ,"We salute all the sailors who died In the Civil war." Then after a last ghostly bugle call they melted away Into the mist. Was It the mist of post or futureT for they hod saluted the three great facts of past, present and future history the birth of democracy, the 'friendship of Anglo-Bax-on!sm, and the future peace of the world wblclkwlll surely spring from It to ptand alone nnd even aloof, as Washington counseled, was to bo pru dent. No alliance was possjblo save 'with that which they had Just re nounced kingcraft. Old Order Abolished. But "tho old order changeth, giving place to now." Today, In 1010, tho proper social desire of the Individual Is to "live Inn houso by tho side it tho roml and bo n friend to mnn." Anil similarly, to live In the crossroads of tho notions nnd show vital interest in nil that pertains to humanity Is the proper nttltude for the nation. Tho setting for tho next act on the world' stage must bo big enough for Inter dependence nnd Internationalism. In terdependence Is llfo and opportunity for both. "Wo must hnng together or wo will hnng seporatcly." By maintaining Independence and aloofness the fathers hoped to suc ceed; Isolation spelled safety, and so they trusted that a deep, wide moat at their front door, the Atlantic ocean, would keep their foes at a distance of 3,000 miles while they should gnln numbers and wealth and experience in governing themselves. They minted coins bearing tho inscriptions, "Let Me Alone" and "Don't Step on Me," the latter beneath tho figure of a colled rnttlesnnke, and cutting themselves off from world politics nnd world Inter- csts they beenmo a self-contained, self sufficient people, enjoying free assem bly, freo speech, freo press and free Declaration Was Signed religion, but making Americanism dan gerously near a big provincialism. We helped no other peophljHo gnln our glorious liberty. All wns well' If we were let nlono by tho political and warring world. Autocracy In Rout, But n now world order has come In. Tho western hemisphere Is all free. China has nstnnlshcd tho world by electing a president "The benr that wnlks llko a mnn" becomes human for n fortnight and Is free until his lib erty, mistaken for license, enslaved him to tho bolshcvlkl. France and 1'ortusal are free; Great Brltnln, ow ancient oppressor, Is free and Is our friend. The British empire Is free, a galaxy of great self-governing peoples Canada, Austratla, New Zcalnnd, South Africa ail free, even (hough a flgurchend ktng Is Its nominal head; but Lloyd George, democrat not Ocorgo V autocrat, is tho real ruler of tho British empire! Now for "Peace on Earth." Free peoples do not menace the tran quility of tho world ; they are not beat on conquest ; they seek not to Im'poee their will on their neighbors, evetr though tho neighbor be 'weak aad small. They covet nothing which la their neighbor's. They stand for peace on earth and good will among 'mea. The considerations alike of safety a4 ethics, demand tho observation of Use golden rule among nations. On July 4, 1770, the old Liberty bait rang out In order to "proclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the la habitants thereof." Suppose that cm another July 4 It were permitted st raise Its cracked and wheeiy voice to do a bigger and far nobler thing: Pre-' claim liberty to all tho oppressed eC tho worm: Where Is tho man who would not wish to llvo In that good world T Surely not ono would prny with Simeon, "Lord, lettest thou thy servant now depart In pence." Let all the freo peo ples of tho world send representatives to meet In Independence ball. Let them create and sign a nobler document thnn that which the fa thers made and signed ; nobler and larger for one reason only the new document will be tho Declaration of In terdependence. That declaration will enable all free peoples to stand agaTast the aggression of autocratic spoilers. It will assert the solidarity all wh' stand for freedom and who love their fellow men. It will set forth the grew-.0 Ing sense of human brotherhood. It . will express In larger measure the high political' Ideals of our time. It may not ring In a thousand years of peace, -but it will herald that dawn When light shall spread, and man be llker man. Through all the circle of the golden year. v f rB 'I o a' s .a - A ft .: