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jwr'w' ' nr-jti p - p- rv. ffmW'TWFfWi rj'&rt THE BEAVER HERALD, BEAVER, OKLAHOMA WMAi msraNOTQN CITY ALL FARMERS ASKED TO GRADE UP HERDS , AND FLOCKS BY USE OF PURE-BRED SIRES SE Universal Military and Vocational Training -w CuE D)Flmm - .. DHHTS mmai C Western Facade T IS more than 20 yenrs since I first saw tlint mighty Palace of the Topes nt Avignon which Frolssnrt called "the finest and strongest liouso In the world ;" nnd the most Im portant occurrence lu that period, from the point of view of the architect nnd the historian, Is that In 1007 the huge building wns nt last relieved from Its dangerous task of sheltering sol diers, who cared as little for Its beauty ns for Its associations, writes Theodore Andren Cook In Country Life. It was, perhaps, better to be the bnrrncks of n regiment than to be n prison like Tnr nscon, or n disintegrating ruin like Beaucalre. Hut none of these three glorious relics of I'rovencnl history de served so Ignominious a fate, nnd the department of historic monuments earned the thanks of every scholar bj Its change of policy toward these splendid castles of the storied Rhone. One tnvnluablc result of clearing the I'nlnce of Avignon has been tlint fox the first time It Is possible to compare the actual constructions of this ex traordinary building with the records preserved in the Vatican nnd Investi gated by Eugene Muntz, Mnurlcc Fnu con nnd F. Ehrle. This comparison was carried on by Felix DIgonnet, the learned guardian of the museum at Avignon, nnd when ugaln the continent Is free ground for the curious traveler I hope that visitors will be nble not only to see tho whole of the palace, but to understand the original Inten tion of Its builders, nnd to realize the skill ami care with which nil the an cient masonry Is being preserved or reproduced after the century of de facement nnd neglect which followed the most deliberate vandalism of the Revolution. Color and Masslveness. The vast and deserted esplanade In front of this giant block of masonry Is n fitting framework to so massive a memorial of dead majesty, nnd the whole atmosphere of the scene Is as different ns possible from anything you have passed on your way through the modern town from the railway station of the republic. The exquisite color of the pale gold masonry "telnto tin I forme de feullle scche," said Henri Beyle Is one of the loveliest attributes of the buildings of Provence, as It Is of oW own Dorsetshire houses; but it If the titanic strength ami elemental pride of this enormous building which first impress themselves on the bo holder who stands before its ruined western entrance gnte. The huge and bony carcass of somoe creature of the prime, fossilized In bygone ages of the world, and couchant still within its ancient Inlr, seems brooding like some monstrous mennce over the Vulley of the Rhone. Ruined nnd inutllntcd, ns it Is, of all its former splendor, this cliff of cut stone stunds stupendous above tho petty highways of our small er life. The octagonal turret Jutting from tho tower immediately on your left of the mnln entrance preserves, In Its noma of "The White Cardinal." the memory of that humbly born Cister cian monk who, In December, 13.15, as sumed the title of Benedict XII, nnd really begun the foundation of the palace us wo sco It. Two-thirds of the whole, at any rate, ho planned; nnd his is the portion that Is the sim plest und strongest of It nil. No marble wns used anywhere In tho palace, which was wholly of French workmanship nnd Provencal design, With the squaro towers which mainly differentiate tlint school from tho round-towered style of the French "ICes which Is so massively exhibited In the contemporary Fort St, Andro Just across tho river. The deeply carved machicolations, still to bo seen live and there nnd originally plnced kvery tower nnd wnll, had only Just been introduced by tho end of the fourteenth century. Those on tho great facade are tho largest lu tho world, sometimes two yards in length by IS inches deep, sufficient to hurl down timbers that could sweep it dozen storming ladders off tho wnll or crush a whole company of suppers. The only- luxury observable In the of the Palace. furnlfnre. whfrh linn uhnltv rflenn. pcared. Nothing but tho solidity and imposing strength of Its exterior wnllj remain to hint at what Frolbsart so much udmlred. Tho old pontifical chnpcl of John XXII, enlarged by Benedict XII and sliice restored, Is now tho reposi tory of tho archives of the province, nnd forms the extreme northern line of buildings between the Tour do Troulllas ut the northeastern corner and tho Tour de la Campone nt the northwest. Benedict's work was built above the older structure, originally the parish church of St. Stephen, b I'ierro Folsson of Mlrepclx In 1335. For some time It wns turned to the base uses of a common gaol, and It was Revoll who designed its present barrel-vault at a height from the ground which Is equivalent to that of the two original buildings one above tho other. Their frescoes by I'lerr du Puy hnve nil disappeared; hut we l:now that his workmen were paid four shillings n day of our money, while he had nearly 20; and tlint their colon were white, green, sky blue, Indigo blue, vermilion, saffron, nnd so forth, laid on with whlto or egg, with olive oil and Unseed oil, and garnished with flno gold. In 1330 Benedict XII finished the tiling of the floors, und some re mains of them nre preserved in tho Museo Calvct in the town. This chapel was not used for more thnn 30 years, and was gravely damaged by fire in 1302. Its place was taken by the fat more splendid building of Clement VI on the south Bide of the main court yard. Tour Des Arises. Returning to the courtynrd we find in tho Tour des Anges, at the angle of tho eastern wnll, one of the best pre served of all Benedict's buildings. It wns originally entered from the In terior of the palace only, and the steep slopo of tho rock outsldo ennblcd the architect to build two more storied there than aro visible from the court yard. It forms n building 40V4 meters high on the plan of a perfect square, with a strong buttress pillar nt each angle nnd walls more than ten .feet thick nnd neurly GO feet long Its cellars contained the pope's ,nlvuto stock of wine. Above the wlue cellur was tho lower treasury, wlih its four pointed vaults resting va n central pillar without base or capital, all strongly gunrded by huge locks and ironbound doors. Immediately above this was Bene dict XII's bccYooin, which was used by Clement VII in 1370, nnd called the "Chamber of the Flying Stag," from one of tho many frescoes still discover able beneath multitudinous layers of military whitewash. Two windows with stone seats in 0161 embrasures look out over the entrance court, nnd by a third you see across the valley of the Rhone to the blue shadows of the distant Alps. Several of the secret stairways, carved in the thickness of the walls, by which the Popo reached various parts of his palace, can still bo clearly traced. Above his holiness wns a library filled with precious manuscripts, and higher ctlll Is a larger apartment from which soldiers could defend tho whole tower against ilttnck, railed tho chatelet. This tow er, tho work of Pierre Polsson, may be taken as typical of tho rest, and was two years In the building from April 23, 1335, Tho roof was paid for on March 18, 1337, On the left of tho spectator, and continuing tho cast wing of the court yard toward the north, arc tho other private apartments of tho Pope, de signed by Bernard Cnncllo of Nar bonno. Tho nppulllng reconstructions necessitated by tho barracks have al most entirely destroyed the original conception, but tho minute details re corded In tho Vatican are more than sulllclent to replaco Candle's design in good time. Thin comprised the Pope's prlvnto kitchen und wardrobe, his dining room, his study and his ora tory. Behind it, nnd In tho angle of tho Tour ilcti Anges, Is tho little Tour des Ktuvcti, where hi holiness took hla buth, above thocbamberlala'aeoMt WASHINGTON. Identical universal military training bills bnvo been Intro duced In congress by Senntor Chamberlain, Democrat, In the senate and by Representative Knhn of California, Republican, In the house, ns the result of conferences among various Inter provision for vocational training as part of the mllltnry work and for naval as well as mllltnry training. "As the debates with referenco to the poaco treaty proceed in tho various countries I nm more convinced thnt our safety ns n nation will depend on our having n thoroughly trained forco of young men who enn Join tho colors without delay," Mr. Kahn said. "I am convinced that the passage of such n measure will give us n race of rugged Americans who will bo able to defend their country's rights ut any time those rights may be attacked." The Kahn-Chambcrluln bill directs that all male citizens of tho United States shall upon the nge of eighteen, or within two years thereafter, be subject to military or naval service for training purposes and shall bo Inducted Into the army or nnvy und serve for n training period of six months nnd such further tlmo as may be necessary for enrollment, mobilization, and demobili zation. During the training period each man shall receive pay at tho rate of $5 a month, besides transportation, clothing, laundry, shelter, subsistence, nnd all necessary medical and dental attention. - , National Capital May Allow "Uncle" to Return WASHINGTON has been trying the experiment of getting along without pawnshops. For hnlf a decade there have been no community "uncles" In the nation's capital. Thus has n city of -100,000 people, a city which In its local affairs Is virtually unaffected by politics, been made tho bnsls of an ex periment to determine whether or not the pawnshop Is n necessary adjunct to its life nnd well being. The nnswer seems to bo that ft Is, for Washington Becms on tho verge of ngnln hanging out thnt sign of the three spheres which beckons perenni ally to the financially unfortunate and to the Improvident. The last of the legitimate "hock" shops In the District of Columbia passed In 1014. At that time a loan-shark law went Into effect which cut down the interest rate that might bo charged in the District from 3 per cent, to 1 per cent a month. This law killed the pawn business In the capital. With the reduced rate of Interest the pawnbrokers could not mnko a profit. Most of them went out of business entirely, while a few located across the Potomac river in Virginia, within a tcn-rolnuto trolley ride of Washington. Now the authorities of the District favor the return of tho "hock" shops. Especially Is this true of the police deportment. One reason for this is the fact thnt regulated pawnshops are helpful In detecting thefts. Congress Asked for Money to Combat the "Flu" INFLUENZA killed 550,000 persons In tho United States. Tho doctors say there will be another epidemic sooner or later. Tho American Medical association In convention passed resolutions requesting congress to appropriate $1,500,000 for Investigation of tho 3yKfJ uwesticmwo) "Be It enacted, etc., Thnt to en able the public health service to Investigate Influenza and allied diseases in order to discover their causes and to prevent their spread, and for allotment of sums to universities, colleges, or other suitable research institutions, ns in the Judgment of the secretary of the treasury aro qualified for scientific re search, for the purpose of discovering their causes and methods of prevention, In accordance with the rules nnd regulations prescribed by tho secrctnry of the treasury, and including pay and nllownnces of regular and reserve commis sioned medical nid sanitary personnel, and for medical and hospital supplies, printing, clerical services, and rent in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; transportation, freight, and such other expenses as may be necessary. Includ ing the dissemination of such information to the public, there Is appropriated, out of any money In the treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $1,500,000, available until expended." The resolution also sets forth that tho secretary of war, tho secretary of the navy, and tbe secretary of the treasury are authorized and directed, respectively, to utilize Jointly the personnel nnd facilities of the medical department of the army, the medical department of the navy and the public health service, so far as possible, In the investigation of tbe causes and methods of prevention of influenza and allied diseases. Two Billion Dollars Bonus for Fighting Soldiers A BILL to authorize the treasury department to Issue bonds in tho sum of $2,000,000,000 for the purpose of providing additional pay for officers and enlisted men in the'army, navy and marine corps has been Introduced In the house by Representative Royal John son of South Dakota. The bonds would be Issued under the direction of the secretary of the treasury and would be of tho denom ination fixed by him and bear Interest nt the rate of 4 per cent. The bill provides for payments to all officers and enlisted men, Including nurses, who served between April 8, 1017, and the passage of the act, who have been honorably discharged or who shall bo hereafter discharged at the rate of $30 additional for each month of service between those dates. No person who has served less than two months Is to bo given tbe benefit of the measure, and it is provided that no payment shall be less than $240 regardless of length of service. Soldiers, marines or nurses who were actually under fire In any battU against Germany are to receive an additional payment of $100 each. It is further provided that the persons who served in a clerical capacity whose compensation exceeded $00 a month are not to be given any additional allowance under the act. When the bonds are Issued the payments may be made In bonds if the recipients so desire. One effect of this distribution of extra pay and bonuses It may or may not nave occurred to Mr. Johnson ested organizations, Including tho training camps association nnd army olllccrs, members of congress, and others. Represcntntlro Knhn said It In cluded the best features of the Swiss und Australian systems nnd nnnounccd that the military affairs committee of tho liouso would begin henrlngs ou It in September. New phases of tho bill Include cause and means of spread. Repre sentative Fqss at Ohio has Introduced a resolution In part as follows: "Whereas tho recent Influenza epidemic caused approximately 550, 000 denths in tbe United States; and "Whereas medical sclenco Is not yet In possession of completo data as to the cause, modes of transmission, prevention, and cure of this disease and Its complications; therefore weald be tbe eetabllshfiaeet of record of mD I JBpHCOULDnT Cfrt w jEAljOMfl WITHOUT flEy m mKKWiSbimsLm RsS gp astfjasm l u, - V m'fi.TV HtJVIi'l'-J-lvv"iWuA- '' V "JiU!.i First Three Daughters of Sultana's Virginia Lad to Freshen. (Prepared by tho United States Depart ment of Agriculture) Looking forward to future food needs of tho country's Increased popula tion, the United States department of agriculture, In co-operation with the state agricultural colleges and other agencies Interested In live stock Im provement, announces n national bet ter live stock crusade, to get octUely In motion October 1 under tho slogan of "Better Sires Better Stock." The plan Is to hasten tho replace ment of the multitude of scrub domes tic animals' In the United States with purebred or high-grade stock nnd also to Improve thn quality of purebreds themselves. It hns been evolved through long nnd careful observation of the live stock Industry In this conn trj nnd after extensive cnnsultnilon with specialists and breeders. Nation's Milk Average Low. For mnny yenrs this country hns contnlncd thousands of tho finest spe clmens of live stock In the world, but lu oplto of that fact the quality nnd productive capacity of the average farm herd and flock Is still low. Fot lnstnnce, tho nverngo dairy cow in the United States yields about 4,000 rounds of milk n year, n flguro scarce ly two-thirds tho .average production In some European countries, such ns Denmark. Tho United Stntcs hns thousands of cows which hnve milk yields of moro thnn 12,000 pounds double the Danish average but on tho other hnnd It hns hundreds of thou sand which nre kept for milk and yet yield only n small fraction ns much product B8 the best cows, though re ef Ivlng nearly nH much feed nnd enre. The difference In milk yield Is duo In Jnrgc measure to n dlfferenro In breeding, but n herd of low production can be Improved rapidly by tho use of n purebred slro fiom a family of high producers. More Sirloin on Well-Bred Cattle. Among nil clnsses of live stock u similar condition exists. Proper breed ing of beef animals results In better nnd more uniform stock, having a prcater percentage of desirable cuts of meat nnd n smaller quantity of bone, otTal, nnd Inedible parts. Llkcwlso In swine, sheep, gonts nnd poultry pro duction, the kind of parent stock large ly determines the quality nnd market value of the products. Tho crusade of Improvement now to bo undertaken Is the outgrowth of Investigations In genetics, of live stock observations In mnny countries, nnd n close study of public opinion. In most live stock re gions of tho world it gradunl evolu tion toward better live stock has been taking plnce place for centuries. Tho rapidity of these changes has nn Im portant bearing on world commerce nnd on the prosperity of tho nations In which improvement hns been great est. Individual nnd community efforts In mnny enses have resulted In morked live Mock progress In small areas. The Islands of Jersey nnd Guernsey are familiar examples of this kind of ac complishment, but no laigc countiy so far has endeavored In an orgnnlzcd way to Improve all Its live stock st multaneoudy. Live Stock Men Equal to Tatk. Officials of the bureau of nnlmnl In dustry, nnd other1 who hnve consld eied the problem from every angle nro convinced thnt It Is possible to hasten the natural course of live stock evolu tion with benefit to the nntlon. They are confident also that tho :ve stock men of the country urc eager to under take the tnsk. The means of accomplishing most of the Improvement, which nffects nbout 200,000.000 head of live stock, tit-sides poultry, will bo through wider distribution and increased use of pure bred sires nnd dams. Onco the use of purebred sires be comes general throughout tho coun try the process of grading up will bo rapid. Mnny experiments nnd also practical experience, when good sires lire used, show that within three gen erations most of tho Individuals In n scrub herd headed by a purebred mole icM-mble purebred anlmnls In nppeor once. In a few more generations, un der skillful breeding, tho former scrub stock Is graded up to such an extent that for production .of meat nnd other animal products, they are practically ns useful as purebreds. The chief dif ference between n "high-grade" nnl real and a purebred Is in the valuo tor breeding. Only the latter can bo used in producing purebred breeding stock. Moreover only purebreds aro eligible to registry. Official Emblem to Be Furnished, The department of agriculture through Its co-operative state agencies la preparing to supply live stock rals- .. .Mh wlll. fArUn- " Average Yearly Production of Two Year Olds: Milk. Duttcrfnt Un. Mm. Daughters 8,678 M9 Dams 4,092 :o Increasa 4,W( 23) breeding methods nnd tho advantages to be derived from their use. In nddl tlon tho department of ngrlculturo Is to furnish an official emblem, sultnblo for display, to every fnrmer agreeing lo uso only purebred sires nnd In other ways to co-operato In tho better Uvo stock effort. To obtain tho emblem n farmer or breeder will bo nsked to fill out n sltnplo blank showing tho number nnd kind of live s'ock ho pos sesses nnd nlso to declnro that all his male breeding animals nro purebreds. From tho number nnd nnturu of tho blanks received tho department will bo nblo to mensure the progress of tho crusade, and at tho same tlmo obtain valuable statistical Information which will bo mndo public nt' sultablo Inter vnls. The betterment of the nntlon's Uvo stock Is by nn menns n new Idea. Tho topic has. been discussed nt length from public platforms nnd In tho ag ricultural press for mnny yenrs. Ag ricultural colleges, breiMlers' associa tions, vnrlous live stock organizations, banking and business Interests, live stock Judges nnd experts these 'nnd other forces nre responsible chiefly for tho progress nlready made and tho sentiment for further development. Organization of Campaign. A general co-ordlnntlon of the work, however, now seems desirable, with n minimum of red tnpo nnd n innxl mum of red blood. So far ns tho ac tivities of tho department of ngrlcul itc In the cmsndo nrn concerned, tho bureau of animal Industry, In co-operation with the stnto colleges of ngrlcul turo, will bo responRlblo for live stock pollcle. especially tho breeding work nnd scientific problems. Tho stntcs relations servlco of the department will work In co-opcrntlnn with the col leges of ngrlculturo for carrying the plan of .action through tho extension divisions to every live stock owner who enn b reached. County agents nnd other field workcro of tho depart ment and the colleges will bo locnl sources of Information nnd nsslslnnce. While It Is believed thnt stockmen of tho country nnturally look to agri cultural officials to Innugurato a cru sade of this kind, tho problem pri marily Is ono of mlcqunto production and effective distribution. Responsi bility for success depends accordingly on breeders nnd nil live stock owners. Response to Will of People. For several months tho department hns been making an nnnlysls of liver stock sentiment us expressed In tho farm preps nnd In correspondence re ceived In Its vnrlous offices. Of all tho topics discussed the need for n better quality of domestic animals has been pre-eminent. To make the cmsndo against scrub live stock most effective the depart ment welcomes constructive Ideas nnd suggestions from nil sources. The fol lowing classes of live stock nre to bo ii.cluded In the campaign for Improve ment: Cattle, horses, nsse.s, swine, sheep, goats, and poultry. In spite of tho conspicuous merits of the task about to be undertaken, there nro also n number of obstacles. It Is recognized thnt sentiment In fa vor of purebred sires, while strong, Is by no means unanimous. To win tho support of those who, through lack of Interest or opposition, fall to take .their part In tho crusade ugalnst Rcrub live stock Is ono of tho problems to be met. Tho cost of desirable purebred sires Is another Important fnctor which hns long been an obstacle to live stock Im provement. Co-operntlvo ownership divides the expense considerably, and the Increased vnluo of tho young stock raised nlso helps to overcome, thnt ob jection. In addition the campaign Is expected to stimulate n greater pro duction of purebred breeding stock of good quality. Jn summer, when the owner Is busi est, sheep require practically no care at all. ' Breed tho marcs to the best-bone, closest-coupled stallion to be found In the vicinity. The land upon which sheep graze ts gradually enriched, the ground be- TgFgROT ?S2i (.: frM