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TtH." UffAVPff flPWATP PPAVFR PTT,AH0MA POTATOES SHIPPED IN WINTER NEED PROTECTION FROM FROST False Floor In PoUto Car, Showing Most of tlio lin.OOO.OOO-bushel crop of potatoes linrested In the United .Slates will bo shipped hy mil, unci n largo part of It will go In box cars ut n tune when the temperature Is below freezing. These curs will remain ox posed to the weather for days nt it time, nnil even where refrigerator cars nre useil the frost will permeate the thick Insulated walls. Experiences show that to ship potatoes successfully In winter nrtlllclul heat Is necessary, and la sections where the most pota toes are shipped It Mas' been found ex pedient to Instnll stoves. Few rail roads have jci eotne to the point of heating produce cars, although It U hoped that morn will do so eventually. Studied Car Heatlno. At a time when the conservation of every ounce of fond was vital the bureau of markets, United Stales De partment of Agriculture, made a study of cur-heating nrruiigcmcntH for po tato shipments, mill the method de vised hns beqn put 'Into successful use. In using stoves In potato cars thor ough distribution of heat Is essential. The slove Is placed In fn mlilillo of Harvesting Potatoes. the car, and unlesH special precautions nre taken It will overheat the wtatiu.s near tho door, while those farther away, especially on the llonr, will fall to get heat and become frozen. Tho most huccessful method Is to build n false floor and walls wltli a' bulkhead nt each side of the stove so that the hot air may circulate freely nil around the potatoes, returning un der tho false lloor to the point, of heat ing. It Is necessary also to paper the entire Interior of tho car to prcicut too rapid cooling of the circulating nlr. Equipping tho enr In this way Is faomcwhnt expensive, but not In com-, imilson to the value of the potatoes protected, especially when the GRAIN ELEVATORS TO FILL ECONOMIC NEED Plan of Farmers' Organization Must Be Sound. Co-Operatlve Enterprise to Be Suc cessful Requires Efficient Manage ment Three Distinct Forms In United States. A co-oporntho elevator compnny, like any other business organization, must rest first upon somu substantial economic need, say specialists of the United States Department of Agri culture lu Department llullotln SCO on organization of co-operative grain ele vator companies. An organization may comu Into existence by means of prop aganda nnd engendered to servo n po litical, fraternal or Idealistic purpose, but unless some substantial benefit or nervlce Is secured to tho community hucIi organization oventually must fall. Tho value to tho community of uny' enterprise or undertaking Is measured In direct proportion to the need thereof. Tho plan of organization must he sound. This means that something more Is necessary than mere state ments of tho high purposes nnd aim of tlf association. It means a defi nite and nracttcabla clan of action, a I Space for Circulation of Warm Air. equipped car can bo used seteral times as Is the case under arrangements It Mnlno and other potato centers. Tin lumber required for n standard car i by S by 30 feet, with doors 5 feel wide, Is as follows: 13 pieces z by 4 Inches by 11 fL lone. 8 plecea 2 by 6 Inches by IS feet Ions'. 1,100 square feet of 1-Inch lumber 16 feet long Z.2U) square feet of building paper. IMace seven-foot studding around the wnlls of the car about three foot apart with blocks bch)nd so that there Is n totnl nlr space of six Inches nt the end and an nlr space on the sides four Inches at the top, sprendlng to six Inches nt the bottom. Flooring should be laid on tw by six stringers set ui cdgewle nnil run lengthwise of tin var. It Is Important that the space should be left open nt both ends sc that there Is perfect circulation of the warm air. The tloorlng nnd sides should be double, with building paper between the thlcltnof,os. Air Should Circulate Freely. The spaces between the studding should bo, left open nt the top and bot tom. Do not make the mistake or nailing a strip across the end of the stringers toward the stove, as this will prevent wnrm air circulation. A special tiro door Is necessary foi the car, with a holu for the stovepipe. Itallroads hau special regulations foi the placing and securing of tho stove 1'lie cur should be heated fur at least six hours before loading, and longer In extremely cold w outlier. A suitable bulkhead Is to be built on each side of the door, to bo put in place us the potatoes are loaded. The sacks of potatoes should not he piled closer than eight Inches to tliu colling as circulation of air Is essential. The main principle of shipping potatoes sufoly In heated cars Is to secure per fect circulation of air completely around tho curgn. When the' cor Is lilted up In the mnnncr described here. Hie air Hows over the tol of tliu bulk heads which, of course, are left sev eral Inches from tlje celling. It cir culates oer the potatoes, the papered celling preventing too much cooling from the outside, and then conies down to the end of the car nnd back under the Moor, some of tho air currents al so flowing down (he sides between tie studding. As cars thus equipped toine njofe In to use, hotter arrangements h'ru being made with railway companies for pre serving the equipment. Ji Slnlne the potato cars with stoves are hmirned to shippers free of charge, nnd lu western States the1 general rule Is to return the lumber nnd stoves free. Hven where full freight" rates nre charged on the return- of tliu equip ment, the expense Is reasonable when compared with tho loss which would occur from shipping In unprotected enrs. plnn which nntlclpqtcs so'fur as It Is possible to anticipate the practical problems and dllllcultlcs to bo met lu actual operations. A co-operative enterprise In order to be successful must be conduuted under clllclent management nn.l In ac cordance with a well-dellneil business policy There has been too much tend ency lu tliu past to employ as man agers men who are merely Industrious nnd honest nnd who may not have that keen, discriminating Judgment nnd tactful address so necessary in man agerial positions. In the United States three distinct forms or farmers' elevator orgnnlzn tlons are found, namely, (1) joint stock companies and unincorporated societies: (2) ordinary private corpor ntlons of tho capital-stock form; am' (3) co-operative associations Incorpor ated under special co-operative law. feE&EBAL "Of 3t Crop rotation pays well. Why not pny more nttentlon to soil fertility? Hats, long tho farmer's enemy, are still with him. Were you on the last field trip with your farm bureau? mATT.,'ri.rk..T,-!rOr " WAKn"m)i9Est. I The Kitchen Cabinet -s 10. ItlO Wtatsrn Nawaoaper Union. I The woman wlu undertakes the ad ministration of a homo without un derstanding It Is on a par with a man who establishes n home without belnif able to support It SIMPLE DISHES. A dessert which Is now nnd most wholesome Is found In the following: Butterscotch Pud- ding. Melt one cup ful of brown sugar and two tablespoon fills of butter over the (Ire and cook un til molt6d and brown, but not burned. I'our over the mixture two cupfuls of hot milk and simmer ten minutes until nil Is dissolved. .Meanwhile soak a one-Inch slice of bread lit cold water until soft, press out all the wnter and crum ble Into bits. I'our the milk, sugar nnd butter mixture over the bread and hent In tho yolks of two eggs, a little salt nnd n small teaspoonful of va nilla. I'our Into n buttered huklng dish and bake In n pan of water twenty-live minutes. Ilent the whites of tho eggs until stiff, ndd two tnble spoonfuls of powdered sugar, tho Juice of half n lemon, beat again. Spread over the pudding nnd brown In n mod erate oteii. Apple Cake. I.lne a deep pie pinto with pastry. Mix' together onehalf cupful each of raisins and nuts, three quarters of n cupful of sugar, one teaspoonful of cinnamon nnd sprinkle over tho crust. On top of this nr rango tin eo greening apples, sliced rather thn. I'our over tho apples one cupful of milk mixed with one egg; .j.rlnkle the Whole with two tnble spoonfu,ls of sugur und a little more cinnamon and dot with bits of but ter. Hake -Ifi minutes In a slow oven, reducing the hent toward the lift. Fried Apples and Onions. Ilent the frying pan, ndd one-third of n cupful of meat drippings nnd when hot turn In two pints of sliced onions; cook gently adding one nnd one-half tea spoonfuls of sit It and two tablespoon fills of sugar; nftcr ten minutes of cooking ndd three pints of i.uartered tart apples. Cover and cook until the apples -are tender. Serve hot as n garnish for broiled pork chops. Cranberry Jelly. Tnke one quart of cranberries, one pint of sugar and one cupful of wnter. Cook the berries In the water live or ten minutes, covered. When well broken with a pestle press the pulp through n strainer, n perfor ated one, not wire; stir In tliu sugnr mid when well mixed pour Into n large mold or Individual molds. Let stand until the next day. Apple Sandwich. Chop one lnrge apple, and one-third of n cupful of raisins very lino. lSuttor thin slices of bread, spread with the mlxtnre. sprin kle with jj. little lemon Juice und cover with1 other slices. Verily we men have promems to nolve that would test a Solomon. If Jour wife Is sick and you say she looks badly you have no tact. If you don't notice she Is sick yo.l aro a heartless brute. Wm, C Hunter. OLIVES AS FOOD. A rlpo olive yields twlco ns many cnlprles, or heat units, as the green, and Is Hourly equivalent to bread, which we consider the stnff of life. The rlpo olive Is little k n o w ii in the greater part of tho United States. Those who leciimo accustomed to It llko It far be,tter than tho green olive. .nt.iij It. ,ls more easily digested as well as more ricn in rood than the green olive. Itlpo ollvoij-.bo'ctiuse of their flavor, which Is very1 'delicate are especially good -In meal si'yicos, dressings and made dishes. A hajf-dozen rlpo olives chopped lino nnd ndde'd to the glblet siiuco to serve with roast chicken or turkey. Is especially fine. Olive Sauce: Melt four' tablespoon fuls of butter nnd a teaspoonful of chopped chives, mid cook until soft ened. Itemove tho chhes, ndd Ave tnblespoonfuls of flour and n half-tea-spoonful of salt with a few dashes of pepper; ndd two cupfuls or brown stock nnd cook until thick. Cut one dozen olives from the pits, cover with boiling wnter for five minutes, drain mid mid to the sauce Servo with meat or gnme. Hawaiian Salad. I'lncc a slice of pineapple oil n leaf of lettuce. On It arrange nlternnto sections of orange nnd grapefruit. Hetweon each pleco place one-eighth section of n ripe olive. In the center of tho pineapple phice n bull made of cream cheew srnsuned with tunjouniilse, to hold It together. Sprlnklo with pnprlkn nr-d serve with French dressing. 'The pineapple or other fruit Juices mny bo used In plnce of the.vlnegitr hi the dressing. Pass mayonnaise for the snlnd. Olive Salad. Toko four tart apples, one stalk of celery, or rather bunch, nno-bnlt cupful of wal nut meats nnd three-fourths of a cupful of pitted olives, rlpo. Cut the celery, apples und olives Into Julienne strips. Add the nuts, moisten with mayonnaise and servo In a nest of lettuce. n iijh i" SPLENDID RESULTS OBTAINED BY BOYS AND GIRLS WITH CHICKENS Poultry Club Member Making Up EnouQh One of tho fine examples of profit able poultry club work Is tho ense of Frances Knsley, a Tennessee furm girl, who beenme n member of tho boys' and girls' poultry club about two yenrs ago. The first season she was very successful In batching nnd rearing her chicks, and In addition to those which were sold she had n nice Hock to carry her over nnd which she used us a breeding pen the following year. At the end of that time the following re port was submitted : Value of market poultry sold J13.M Z7 pullets sold as breeders 47.W 17 settlnss of hatching esse sold.... .03 On hand November 1: 11 cockerels, valued at t:i.C0 112 pullets nnd cockerels, valued at.. 100.00 Won it county fair 2.00 K10.U Frances spent for poultry equipment, eggs for hatching, feet, etc. n total of Girl Member Feeding Her Flock. $I2S.7", leaving her a net profit for the jenr of fSl.CO. Miss Frances has n very nice Shetland pony, and furth ermore, n sense of Independence that Is only found In boys nnd girls who know the vulue of money ns the re sult of having earned It through their own efforts. Ituseel Monroe, n country boy of 14 yenrs of age, raised l-0 Golden nnd Sliver Cnmplnes from 175 eggs. At tho stnte fair ho made six entries nnd won special for the best display, In DUCK FANCIERS TOLD HOWTO BREED DUCKS Leaflet Prepared by Bureau ot Biological Survey. , Simple, Three-Sided Shack Is Quite Sufficient In Me:t Climates Dreed. Ing Season Opens Rather Early In Spring. Uncle Sam Is the best friend tho wild ducks have, and It follows that ho has a wnrm spot In his heart for tho wlld-fowler, too. In tho Interests of both he hns prepared n leaflet on tho propagation of wild ducks which may bo had from tho bureau of bi ological survey. Department of Agri culture, hy anyone who asks for It. Mallards are tho easiest to handle, with wood duck coming next. Ulnck ducks need more spneo than either of these becauso they are moro sensitive a bit "wilder." Widgeon and tenl need winter shelter, If grown In tho North, to n greater extent thnn their cousins, but tho provisions for shelter need not be elaborate. For most ducks nnd , most cllmntes n simple, three sided shack Is sufficient, though ex treme cold weather should find tho ducks housed In n tight building with plenty of Utter on tho floor. Fresh Infusions of wild blood must bo Introduced from time to time If tho birds are to keep their wild conforma tion. Wild duck eggs are usually hatched under hens, though thoy may bo hatch ed In an Incubator. Ilreedlng stock of whatever species should be obtained In 'the fill so as to bo settled In Its quarters before tho breeding season, which comes rather early In spring. Tho leaflet describes tho enro nnd feeding of tho young birds nt every stngo In their development from the yellow fuzz of tho duckling to tho gleaming Iridescent feathers of tho mature bird. Her Mind Whether This Bird ll Good to Exhibit. addition to other prizes. In this ex hibit be competed against three older breeders. Furthermore, he received the state championship loving cup nnd n free trip to tho stnte fnlr for his excellent work ns n club member, Orbld Miller, an Oklahoma boy, re siding at Klk City, raised 2S5 chicks. At the end of his first club year he made a profit of $J!3(J over the cost of production through the sale of chickens nnd eggs sold for commercial ns well as breeding purposes. Thi Bby Favored Turkeys. The activities of the poultry club members nre not confined to chick ens alone, ns will bo shown In the following report: Dwlght Carroll of Winchester, Jef ferson county, Knnsns, stands first In his stnte with respect to profits received from his year's work. Dwlght makes the following .statement: "When I entered the poultry club work I decided to raise turkeys. Wo had live turkey hens nnd I bought n torn. I sot most of the eggs of the turkeys under chicken hens, but let the turkey hens keep n few eggs to hatch so that they would claim the little turkey when hatched. I kept tho little ones shut up for n week nnd then let them go with the mother turkeys. Most of their feed was secured around tho furm." Dwlght records that ho raised r0 turkeys to maturity. Ills total expenses amounted to $20.00 while his totnl receipts amounted to $201.40. leaving him n net profit of $210.80. Other Instances. Numerous other Instances can bo cited showing what has been accom plished by club members, many of which have been ns successful ns those mentioned above; Many boys and girls have come to realize ns n result of their poultry club work that nil of the opportunities are not In tho cities nnd towns. It has been demonstrated that to Interest the boy or girl In farm life he or she must bo made to real ize and appreciate the opportunities to he secured on the farm by not be ing educated away from the farm. It Is not surprising therefore, that wo find developing ns a result of this and other forms of club work hundreds of boys nnd girls who Intend to make fcrnilng their Ufa work. ICE HARVESTED FROM PONDS Saves Much Money to Milk Producers and Provides Wherewithal for Home Comforts. Ico harvested from ponds on the farm snve's many dollars n year to milk producers' and provides the where withal for many home comforts. The United States Department of Agrlcul ture. In Farmers' Bulletin 1078, which mny bo had upon request, tells how to hulld an Icehouse in tho sluck fall season nnd how to store Ice econom icully nnd securely. Ono und a half tons of Ice properly stored will serve to cool the milk from ono cow for n yenr and leave some for family pur. poses. CHECK BROWN SPOT OF CORN Careful Field Sanitation, Crop Rota. tlon and Seed Selection "Aids in Controlling. Krow-n spot of corn Is present throughout a large part of the corn growing section enst of the Rockv mountains. Tho disease Is caused by n nilnuto fungous parasite. Damage mny amount to 10 per cent, but Is low. er In most sections. Careful Held snnltntlon, crop rotation, and seed se lection nre recommended by the United States Department of Agrlculturo as at. Rid In controlling the disease W!lI1Vr nnasllifo u .. ... -""c i"e geese on a rrm should have free range. I'liere Is a great cash difference be twwn 300 quality birds and 300 of medium quality or worse. Thero nro six requirements for a good paltry house; fresh air, un. SraUtyrS,n0droftO0WC0Stan1 IPiWlgl Daddy's Eveiii& Fairy Tale yRY GRAHAM BQW7ER TEGUS QUARREL. "So mnny of the animals you knovf of now by nnmo and hy reputntlon, which means that we've heard what they do," said Daddy, "that you really have quite a large ncqualntunco nmong them." w "Vcs," said Nick, "we know lots of birds nnd zooland nnlranls wo didn't know before nnd quite a lot of now facts about some of our old friends. The facts weren't now about them, but they were new to us. "And we love to hear about nil of the creatures of the animal and bird nnd fowl and Insect worlds." he ended. "All sorts of stories," said Nancy, "I think are nice. And so many of my friends say the same things, though many of them do have favorites. Hut when wo hear all sorts of stories then every onco In a while every one will have a favorite kind, whereas If wo Just had one sort of story they might please n few people but cveryono would not stand so much chance of be ing plensed." "Well," snld Daddy, "I'm glad you both like all kinds, for then we keep up with the news of so many different creatures, and while you're hearing nbout a number of the zooland nnl mnls who've wanted to tell you somo of their stories 1 hnve heard that tho Tcgus family wish you to know of their quarrels', and of their special quarrel they had yesterday." "Daddy, dear," said Nancy, "we'd lovo to hear nbout them, only wo don't at nil know who tho Tegus family nro What Is This? or what they are, or. whether thoy have two legs or four, or wings or fins or whnt 1" "I'm sure I never heard of them," fnld Nick. "They thought perhaps you never had nnd so they wnnted to be sure to Introduce themselves to you. "They are lizards, very large lizards. They grow as long ns children grow tnll, that Is, before children become grown-up or full-grown boys And girls. "They are very strong and they come from the tropical districts of South America. "They can hurry along very quickly nnd they nre most powerful as well as most quick I "They are great caters, too, and they love raw meat. They will eat eggs, too, and they break the shells at ono end and then drink up the rest of the egg, reaching out their wide, fork shaped tongues for It. "Well, ns I said, they wnnted you to henr of ono of their best quarrels which they had yesterday. They aro so quarrelsome that only Idg lizards can be kept with them, for they would hurt smaller lizards when they wore; having ono of their qunrrels. "They enjoy qunrrellng and find It about as ensy to do as anything they hnve ever tried In their lives to do. " 'We're great old lizards to quarrel, they sold, 'and of a nice nftcrnoon what could be ulcer than n good quar rel V " 'Nothing could be nicer,' the others said, and so they all set to quarreling, that Is, after nnothcr moment or two. "Of course they couldn't quarrel In this wny. Thoy couldn't all agree about the quarrel! In order to hnve n nice quarrel they had to disagree. "And they did I "Mrs. Tegus said: '"What Is this I hear about a quar rel? Can't a body hove n little nnp of an afternoon quietly wlUiout everyono nround making n fuss?' "Of course she was eager for a quarrel, but It had to be a good quar rel and by being quarrelsome with the others she helped to mako a really good one. " 'You're too lazy,' one of the others said. " 'I'm not,' she answered. "And so they went on, all beginning to say things to each other nnd to quarrel for nil they were worth, for then they felt so perfectly nt homo nnd naturall" Tested. "There Isn't, much I don't know nbout the Kngllsh language," boasted tho long-hnlrcd man hi the club. "I'll tost you," replied a friend. "I'll dictate a paragraph to you." With nn assured air tho boaster seized his pencil, but his Jaw dropped as ho heard tho following: "As Hugh Hughes wns hewlmr a yule log from n yew tree, a man dressed In clothes ot a dark hue came up to Hugh and snld, Have you seen my eyesr 'If you will wnlt until I hew this yew tree I will go with you any where' In Europe t look for your eye, naid Hughes."