A PEN PICTURE
OF CLEMSON
COLLEGE
Works for Welfare in Many
Ways
Picture a country estate of 1,500
acres, with stately buildings placed at priceless State and national asset, and
elevated points to form a great irregu- should be a perennial source of In
lar circle of half a mile in tilametor. s1iration to succeeding generations of
Inclose in this circle a beautiful grove young South Carolinians who are
of native oaks, threaded by smooth privileged to ive for four years in the
driveways and paths and cement side- shadow of its historic walls.
walks. Turn to the north and for a Many are wont to ask why the col
background outline against the sky at lege (les net bear the name of Cal
a distance of. 20 miles, range after hour instead of the name of his son
range of mountains, the home of the In-law, Thos. U. Clemson. '1'lxe answer
Highlands, of Caesar's Head, White- is that nowhere (toes it appear In the
sides and other lofty peaks of the Blue records that Mr. Calhoun ever wished
Ridge. Think of these mountains as or planned the erection of an iidus
in summer clothed with verdure, trial and technical college on the 01d
standing out black against the hors- ixonestead. The complete story of
zon, and is. winter often white with Mr. Clemmsomi's part in the founding of
snow. Take for the southern boun- the college is too long to be told here.
dary a river of Indian lineage and
follow in its sweeping crookedness the A Vast Plant.
swift and turbulent Seneca as It twists The college tract contains over 1,600
this way and that to mark the confines acres. On the property, there are 23
of the estate. And to this setting add principal pubic buildings, 70 dwell
broad expanses of river bottom lands lego an it m loy '101 Tecs
green with corn, steep hillsides sinu
ous with level grassy terraces and cool officers and klhorers. Its inventoried
pastures with winding brooks and property is $1,327,728.67. The oi
graceful shade trees and you have a cers ot the college send out yearly
picture of Clemson College, slot col- over, 35,000 letters and over 436,000
ored to. suit the canvas of an artist, other pieces of mail natter, most of
but as seen every year by nearly at which give agricultural Information.
thousand young South Carolinians In adllitiop to the parent station,
who seek amid these surroundings anh
education that will prepare them fox'iriment stations-one near Sumixer
self-respecting, self-supporting citi- yule and the otler at Florence. One
zenship, more to be situated in the sad 1ill
section of thme State, just as soon as
A Storied Spot. funds will permit, will complete a
Clemson College is a unique blond- system representing the principal soil
ing of the old and the new, of the his- types of the State.
tonic with the now. Just across the Td ent n 13 o 31, rga
road from the cadet dormitories,
which every session house over 800 there were but two courses of study
young men, and in sight of the new the e age cue ther is
electric power station that day or
night beats as the industrial heart of a four weeks' course for farmers and
the community, is the white columned a one-session practical agricultural
mansion of the illustrious John C. Cal- course extending from October 1 to
houn. One can almost picture the June 1 for ueen over 18.
great statesman, as with hands be- The college maintains 108 foux
hind him he paces the avenues of year scholarships and 61 one-year
cedar and oak, putting into form those scholarships, the cost of which,
matchless ideals of patriotism whose amounting to nearly $22,000, is paid
fulillimnent he never lived " see, out of the receipts from the fertilizer
About 50 yards to the ',ar of the tag tax,
mansion Is a queer little one-story Public Service.
room structure with columned porch But the trustees of Ciemson College
to match the smansion. This was the
"study" of the great statesman, and hyseno o f rgiec an e n
here were written lmany of his great system by witie fnspets adat'
orations. Under this little study, receive from the tax heys and
which is about 20 feet square, is dug uit al fmithe a gemit anc
ia deep pit in which ice cut in winter turl aid mechani get ile
was stored for summer use. How the
._....a ---- _ xave go 1i a N1 Stel) fax' l thin. is. me-r
seasonsl imutst have changed, fox' only (ume ytercmatwt h mo
(luring one or' two winters of the 20 peadla' ogtt 'txm otxs
which the wraiter has spent in thxe "up hopyteaxntiespefdi
countr'y" has ice formed in suflicientrctexlealhtcodbesax)
thickness to juxstify such amlo stor
In thxe old mansion axre many hIs- g'w stm e'iie'txlmsg'wm
toric relics, including a chxalr used bynoxeaxlgnanultalfovm
(len. (ieor'ge Washington, and a seven-$100,
foot mohair-covered lounge On tho lnsnColgwtxit ln vi
back of which is carvedi tihe Amuerican
ealgie. It is saidl thxat the engrav'ing (eeomd t mt'ng 5ime n
onI our' coins was copied fr'om this ' e'i~iiislnso ulcsxvc
Thle 01(1 mansion with its hlistoricbeoeita'tmmemigtwth im
memories, tihe peer~ of tihe lIer'mitage, irmleo sflest mt xxo
MountolVernonatndandntatelna, asset,1and
roots, it requires little arlmonia in the
fertilizer.
Vhen intended for hay, cowpeas
should be planted broadcast with
some other forage crop. German
millet and sorghum are probably the
best crops for this purpose. This sta
tion has obtained as much as seven
tons of well cured hay from sorghum
and peas, two and one-half tons from
peas and crab grass, and three and
onhe-quarter tons froin peas and mil
let.
The most valuable part of the pea
plant Is the leaves, and the hay
should be cured inr such a manner
that the largest amount of leaves pos
sible should be retained with the hay.
1"or that reason the pea should not
remain long in the swath, but as sdon
as the leaves are dry sulliciently, the
hay should be raked in windrows for
a day or so, then it should be dried
out in cocks. A splendid way to cure
cowpea hay is to take it fron the
windrow and stack it on a pol0 about
six feet long. driven in the ground
with crossarms nailed horizontally,
the lowest being about eight Inches
from the ground.
The practical place of the cowpea
mu rotas ion is after small grain. As
soon as oats or wheat are cut, the
land should be disked and planted in
peas, sown broadcast, rom four to
six pecks per acre. This crop of peas
will shade the ground and improve
the physical condition of the soil, will
add nitrogen to the soil and prepare
the land lor' the succeeding grain
crop.
As cowpea hay is a most valuable
food, it should always be cut for hay
However, if the object is to improve
the land the pea virnes can be turned
under. If the succeeding crop, how
ever, is to be a small grain, it is bet
ter to cut the vines off as the pea
vines will form a kind of mulch which
will nmake the soil very loose and pre
vent the proper rise of capillary
moisture to the small grain. Small
graix prefers a compact soil rather
than a loose, porous soil.
It always pays to plant cowpeas iII
corn at the last plowing. If an early
maturing variety Is planted at this
time, such as the Whippoorwill, New
Era, or Taylor, the seed obtained will
talri olfset the expense and trouble of
planting, and the peas growing in the
cor, instead of iliiidering the growth
of corn, will increase the yield
slightly, and will put the land in bet
ter condition for the succeeding grain
crop. Small cne-horse drills now be
nig nmiufactured for ti purpose of
drilling cowpenxs in corn do the work
better thai it can be done by hand.
it ilways paxys to plaiit a patch o1
Deas mixed with soy beans as a hog
grazing crop. No machine has yet
been muanufacturedl that will sat.isfac
torily pick peas. The thrashing,
however, cal be accomllished by a
hea huller, which is far less expen
sive than thrashing out with hail.
In the sandy soils of the Coastal
Plain, the wilt disease and root knot
disease is widely disseminated. No
method luts yet been found for coin
batinig these diseases, excepting the
rotation of crops and (he planting ox
wilt resistant cotton aid the i'ron
cowpea, which resists the wilt and
the root knot. Stored 'owpeas should
always be treated with carbon bisuI
plhide to keep away weevils,
F1(II'IING 'lE JiOUSi'; FIX.
U~se of IFly Trax'xp, Screens andxr Spray
Agtaist iDangei'ouis P'est.
13y A. 1". Conr'adi, State Enitoimologist
andi~ I[Iad or Enitomiologleal Divi-.
sion, Clemson College.
The houise fly breeds miainiily iinimoi
hoi'se and sow mianiur'e air pivy'
closets. inJl ike the stable fly it can
not bite. liefoie thundiixei'stoi'ims and~
on sultry days the stable 11' ixolests
inan with its bites and this Ieadis to
the er'roneous conclusion that the
house fly bites.
'lhe eggs of the house fly aire lbaid on
(lie maniiux'e and haxtchl thle saxme day.
in ive daxys thle nxinuggot triaiisfoi'iis to
thle pupa or r'estinrg stirge anrd lin teii
(lays fi'oii thxe timin the egg is laxid tiht
full gr'owin insect a ppear is. Ils Ifirst
imipulse is to ili somnethlinrg Io eat,
an id wih the fresh filth of its lpiti'e
factive br'eed ig place coveriing every
part of its body, it goes to Ithe kItchen
whler'e It saiiiples thle mient, batheits in
lie ilkI, traxilIs over' (lie lbiit(er', Ilicks
up the Jelly, cr'awls over the baby's
face arid han rds andxu thIn.' goes back to
the muanurie phIne to lay ('ggs and iretur n
to thle house for' moire foord.
hiesides a genier'a ('ari'ierx of udiseaisi
anxd filth, (lie hiouise 11ly Is kinownx to
cai'iy sev'eraxl of ouri imost daingei'oiis
( Iseauses.
The cxaimpigi arga ist (lie fly should
beglii at thxe bi'eedlig grouind.
I'se (lie fly triap jxudielou~sly a bout
Itle barnx's, privy closetks, kitchen door',
hog pens and x othex' breedIig place:s.
Ci'rular 23 of ('lemison College gives
dilrectioM*. for iiirxking tinaps anid one
ti'al Is In (lie hainds oif eachl or the
county dlemionstration agents wiheire
It cani be examilned.
Avold filth or aniy other fly-at tract
ing marteil about thle priemiiises, sxichi
xas gar ibage or slops. lairbaxgo ari
kItchlen i'efuise shxould( be kept in
tlglftIy covei'eid vessels. Never' thirowv
It on the gi'rund. It Is strie to attract
flies.'
H'ereen privy closets. Iar [xe' vei'y
closet piovided wIth a keg ox' uxi'rei
of irx slaked Ilime and use fi'eely to
dry up the closet maxiterlial.
Screen the house.
Manure is valuatble. If removed
fromi staxlls axt a time whien It canihot
lie Immediately spread on the field it
frlotidlu be stored iis a defliito place,
preerblinr acomnpost shed oxr pIt.
0 gur a trdo pae i
nutnerous places about the barn Is
wasteful and it snakes it very dificult
to maintain sanitttry conditions.
'Tle spray for treating manuro to
kill maggots Is describet in Circular
No. 23, of the lIxperinieit Station.
. 7Til COTT1ON 1{."E1) SPIDP R.
Methods I tcotlelnlend for Control
of Tils insect. Pest..
By A. F'. Conradi, State IEntomologist
uid 11eadti of Elitomologist )ivision,
Clemson College.
During this dry weather one will
notice retidish areas on leaves of cer
taii pha ints. It is especially noticea
ble on violets. ''he leavs soon turn
brown a'id become dry and brittle.
Many people call it rust, but if one
stos to exaiiilie Into the matter
closely lie will lieid little reddish col
ored mites on the under surfaces of
the leaves. The characteristic web
cast also be easily noticed. 'yhis is
the red spider. It is a dry weather
insect, and if not stopped, it often
does serious damage.
The Cotton red spider is one of our
ithout Iinportan t cotton pests during
Jaie, July and August. 'yliis, so fll.,
appears to be a favorable year, and
farmers should watch their cotton for
the first appearance of this pest. The
damage occurs lit spots in the lielk
Puke weed and violet plants should
not be allowed ill an ablout. pilanta
tlils, wiile utlerbrush shoult be
Kept down ais far as practicable.
As sli as tile first infested plants'
ale discovered they should be care
luiy13 lelnoved 1 lid iurlied. Blood red
spots will slow ol tile upper surface
of leaves attacked. It tnis is not
dune then the insects will spread froin
plant to lilait and iln a short timi0
cause the ruination of a Iarige area of
cotton. This liligratioli has to take
lplace ol 1oot, as the inisects have no
wigs. Tis mia kes it at once appar
ent that to a great tex tenut at least it is
everybody's own I problem, regardless
of his neiglibors.
Wheniever the itifestatliin spreads
and the Iifesteti Spots becoie larger,
one ot several sprays Iay be givues
lie most satisfactory of these is po
tassiu ti d111(e, r ecrii endeId by Alr.
I'. A. Aleregor, of the Hiurealt of
l'tolmology. 'iiiis lnatterial costs
iboutil 2.~ cents pIer pound, ani tie
spray colsists of three pouids of po
tassitin stillitle il 1U gallons oi
water. Il silerayilg, the tinder sdes
of the leases sholtid be thoroughl
covernd. 'This is aecoin li shed by
ieatIs of an elbow of -" , degrees. A
short one-luartetr ilcl pipe makes a
good exteisioln od, and ill the llb
selice o1 anl elbow tlie end of this pipe
may lbe bent.
110G -01101,11A AND)
ROW TO1 CON\TItOIa IT.
Ily Dr. Al. Ifay Powers, State V'eteri
natrian and Heatd of V'eter inary
Division. Cleilson College.
There are two prinellia inethoils of
reventing hog cholera; one by the
use of seruni, and the other by taking
catre to avoiii tie itihodis of spiread
hg the disiaset, which Iare here out
lined briefly.
Ilog holet is slirelul by failure
popelrly to .disiise of the eatrases of
dead hogs. Iluzzatils, dlogs and other
aniinals feeding tupon these carcliSses
ianI calrry inl'ectionl to olter premnisis.
All carcasses :should be burnil or
hiiried immneidia tely, and buzzailrds
shouhd be detstr'oye~d in Connmunities
where they are not protected by law.
In commiunities viere tlest- seaven
girs aire thus pri'otecteil, the law
Shoruld ie repe'aled and the birds de
strnoyed.
Anouthe1r very comliloll methloid ii
spred ing hug i hol era is walkin1 g
throutghi yard'us ior lields wih-re sick
hogs aire kept anad carriyinhg thle inhfec
tiion til shoes andiu (clothinlg to other
ilremiises w here hieaIthiy hogs are0 Cln
Ii led. It shuhii lie remlembheredl tha
diischiarges iromli hogs illfecteid withI
icholera arIe ver'y in1feetilus, and1( thle
iownlers shotill hot goi il aillowu aniy of
their help tio go onl lremlises wll-e
there aro sick hogs. Neit her shioul
they ail low lieighIibors to go itmoling
their hogs whleni cholera exists ini the
1ju1n imunlity. Iiiialthiy hogs shou~ild b.
Caired for by liersonas who hav i~ e not
bieen where thle idiseaise eXists, and noi i
ulie else810( sold be a llowed luelr thle
lienalihy dirove.
Cholera may13 lie spread biy stream hs
reccivi ng drcaliage from In fected
parelini's, biy buying ho~gs froml premli
ises wh lere thle iseaise exists, 01 fromli
liulic stock yards, or' by f'aluire to
isolate liewly liurch lasedl hugs iun t i
t helir freedom fruom idiseaise has beein
as('i'rtainled. Th'lese thIiree matter's de
5erve caircfulI altttenitiion.
Wh1en ( liholera exists ini a neigh bor
hoiod every hug iiwnler shuoul estabI
lish a strict iluarantltine( (il his in-.
i iul 1romelises. Wh len thle dilsease
iexists iln adjlolining farm 1115 hgs shiotd
be proutec'td b'i!y iniject ion with ant0i
ho g ihiolira serumli.
Theli siudni idaithi of one or two
hogs shoiuldl11( leadth owner to suspect
chioleral. IfI upon11 i'xaminaltion oif the
elarcisses Chlera. lisjiins are fiutnid.
aill hiealthy13 hugs shild bile miove<i at
onieito ne)liw lots orp nil'( 11 ltey
nnl lie Iijectedl withi si'rumhl.
A farmier' thlinilg cholhera amng hIs
hiogs shiould ait on1ce aipily toi the
\C'tinary3 Divlsion, (lemlsonl College,
forl 5Qerum1, wichel Is to lie hail at nit
Secei t' ser'vices ofI hiis couti iy farmli
demnonistraionu aigu'nt, whlo has been
Iinteld in the use of Serumii
It is the duity of aill i'it'iens to1 see
that the 'tatle laiw rlitlive to rom'npl
dhiposal ofi 'lni'aissis Is stictly en
fiuTi l'CTT'ETIC.
hly Dri. M. Illy P'owers, Stale Vi'terl
11narlian and ilii ead1 i of Veter'inary'3
Di1vlsloin, Clemison 1 'ollege.
In Jly,)'. 1907, the VCeeina iiht''I)vl
5101n of (I l imlsoni Col lege, In cii-operi
atilon with thle U. S. liiurcantI of Anlim lal
I industryl'3, commenl~lced tIck craldhlton
work In ()eonee, li lekens1, (reenivi lie
anil Andier'soni (Cotintles. SIice that
date thiIs work has been graduialIly anil
systemiaticlly 13 'l li exe iid tunItil four iteen
iounIitics are no(w free from tIcks anld
reCleased fi'om I1,''edera Quaatine11.
Systemiati w c~ ork hias also beeni in
priogr'ess in SIX Otherl coutlies for thlie
past yeari, iand these shoul d lie In con -
iltIon for release thIs fatll.
PIo''lr to 191" the expense of tIck
ci'adlentlin wor'k was borne by Clem
son College find the U. H. Ulttrean of
Animal Indutstry. \VIth t,ho exception
of aibout $590 (r'eceived from cIt~Izens
of those couanties) no funds were avail.,
able from other sources. At tho last
meetitig of the General Assombly,
$30,000 was appropriated for co-oper
ating with the U. S. Bureau of Animal
Industry In the work of tick eradica
tion in South Carolina, this sum to
be expended through Clemiison Col
lege. Shortly after this appropriation
was received, arrangelntents were
made to place tick eradicationt under
an inspector who could devote his en
tire time to this work. Tick eradica
tioni is now being rapidly pushed into
all tick ilifested countics of this State.
BImliMUDA TiHl, BUST
SOU'I'IIdtN GIASS.
fly J. N. Hlalrper, Director S. C. Exper
itent Station, Clexnsoni College.
liermtida grass Is the muost val.a
ble grass the South possesses and is
the best for Pasturago and lawni pur
poses. Its truie value is not yet ap
preciated by its most ardent advo
cates. There are several varieties or
types of this grass grown in the South
differing fromt each other inttinly lit
the size of stems and spiculets and in
hardiniess. Soie of the smaller,
hardy types are front two to three
Weuks earlier ini aking their growth
im the early spring thian are the
coarser varieties. There are other
species o1 graisses, such as wire grass
alid Egyptian grass, Often 3uistaken
y fariiers for HJernatuda, and for this
reason Berriuda grass is soleti tIes
lenouineed as being worthless by
farm3lers wV ho have growing on their
farsiS the other species which are of
little value.
Ilerailida grass, when grown on
well iniproved land and property
treated, will afford duing six imiolitiis
of the year as luch grass as the aver
age blte grass palstire of KentIeky.
I have kniown one acre to furnish all
the food during the sut3imer luonths
for six calves. 'T'hree acres of this
gras on iluproved land will pasture
lifteen brood sows with their litters,
tiey reiuiiring 10 other food than
that aflorded by five acresi of forage
crops. When grown on rich bottom
landis and kept free fro n weeds and
properly fertilizeti, lIernida grass af
lords t splendid mieaidow, as it cann be
cuat twice during the season, yielding
froim three to 1o1r tons of excellent
hay. Iler iunda hay is rich in carbo
hydrates and liankes as goood hay a1s
tiiinothy. It is well suitedi for work
stock, but is not so good for dairy
cat le.
'ortunately, we have discovered
thit I erle(it grass is not a serious
weed eue liy, for as it 3oes not inmature
seed to Iany extent in this couIntry and
-Spreads only by uniergroui mnd
overground stemis it cln be easily kept
in eeek. As it is a tropical plait ani
reqiuires plenty of sulnlight it can lbe
easily eaalient, d in two or IIiroe years
by shading it out by growing vin)ter
legulines, s5(ch as vetch, planted with
oats, followed by a sunioI11r legumle,
such as cowpels or velvet beans. 13cr
ia tiL does not damlage cotton anv
thing like as iih as cloes crab grass,
and at good crop of corn can be madte
im the lield badly infested with lier
muda if properly cutivated. Iermiuda
grass is of great benelit to the soil in
that it prevents it fromt washing, audds
bllinus to the soil ild tills tle soil
with innutil erable ibrouls roots which
prouIlce the best formn of 1umuls. It
Is an annual with perennial, umder
grouil steins. If eli rmtUla is planted
in the fall it can be grown with oats
and vetch, or with but' clover. It is
a spllendid plant for terrace banks andl
1s also valuable to grow on railroaid
andl polind banks to preverit theml froni
caving In anid w: ' 'ng away.
As it reutlires ty of sunlight, it
will not grow \ in shaded places.
It. cli be propagated by sowing the
seedi at the rate of two pouinds to the
acre or by planting pieces of sod. A
good way to obtain at Iicrn 1at1a sod is
to breoak the land with at turning plow
or <iisk plo1w and in every fuirrow dTrop
a mouilf piece up' Sod every twelve
hiches, the next fiul'row covering it
fromI two to three inches deep. It
calm be sodldedi aiIost any tiue dur
m3ng the year, bit the best tilie is in
the early spring. It shouild bie plantei
after SOnme winter legume.13, :..
1,6ur ('overi, erI llnson ciover', or' vetchi,
if lanilted in3 the sling; a1nd1 if
planted iln the ifall, sho0t1hl follow cow
jiens, soyb~eanls, velvet beanils 4or beg
gar Iweedl. A fter' thle inid hils beenI
lilowed iland thle 1411nts1 dro'lpped, the
116134 sh10u31i be thoouigly 3 harr'lowetl
to 31 iiale thle Past Iir l0SInIooth anld eVenI.
Ca~lttie shoulti be turn'Ieti into the
jpastur asi' soi ais ipssiblle. Th'le best
Iliermida1311 liaSttre IC n blile ruined103 by
a1llowig weet53ii ad other13 grasse51s toi
gr'ow. 11I'r clover cain lie sow li the1li.
grass 14Is 115113ally rely3 forl good( 1)as
tllre by3 , Jtin li. Afitl' the14 liastur~e
has1 reninuilIe in J1'3riiutlaL graiss four'
or' fIve yearls, it shihll lit lowedl'4 Ill
ini the earIly sjpring and31 Ilbintil inl
thn' 14hyslical Conditionl (f t he soil andli
will add1( nitroIgeni, whiichi is mlost benie
ptur~tle is a3llow6 l to rtInl too1 long it
off grass5 is lirodtiled . It is a h~eaivy
f,t'Ie (on lnitrogen i am1i shouiIld be fer'
4ii 80,da abouilt the Illiddle (if everyV
A lpril, tisinig fr'oII li> to I00 piolIs
3 PPhIedl l'ver'y four 3 years Ialt thle rate of
.1101 or .100i pounds per'z acr~e. A goodl
tiiiie to aly~ t his is at the timne the
tory' f or a1 crop of 13016. One3( thouilsandli
,11ounds1 of utile is ailso very3 bienieiial.
I'hIiIs enii lie appi~liCld on1ce 0 very' live 0r
Six y'ear s. If liermlidoa is lilani t 3101With
'l'exlas lue6 gra~ss, whlito clover' and1
commoln13)1 lc~h a1 pasture can beiih ob..
t11aiedl 113111 wiill af ford goodi graz 'ing3
ine1 01' teni mioniths in3 the y'earl.
Ilest 'l'limi's 143 Appily Nitratmie oif Sodai
to C'orand 1( (otton,.
Iy T3 I. l. Ke i, (Chelmist, 5. (C. E'x peri
ment13 Staion141, ( 'lemson C'ollege.
Iiesuti s tin d at(1131 t' South Car o
111n1 E'xtierimenoit Stiation shlow that ai
top'-dreIssing3 ilth itra'lte (If 841da1 gives
goo r411iesu lts on cot toni, (corn3 and3( smalll1
grins. .Thle increase115 is most45 martkedl
durlin 1g 31 we(t year 3, beenause' this n)itro
gemn Is amlready13 ini an immediiliately
av lailanbile forni, wh ile th rii3ot ting (If
the' olganIIic (1 sources (dois not pr'(Cocee
115 raipliy asx untiil (il ac('(oun3t of thi
E'xcess of moIstur0 ini thle soil. The
amllountl to a14pply tier acre0 varies wvithm
the fer'tillt o3 6f thle soil a1nd thle pr'e
vlilus feirtIiiza1tion)3, buiit we0 wouldh stg
5es f'1.rom Iit'ty pound1(s lper acre'6 oil
Poor41 land~ ump, altccordinig to tihe fertil
11t' of the soil.
ilalyl appllicaeltionis are( 6oinilg Into
faivor'. We recomn mitl~l that th1e( soda
140 apliledl to cor'n when it is beOtwleeni
kne an'06ld wist igh, io cot lii julst as
3the shape4s* begin3 tol formn, and3( to
81mal1l grin 13in .Mar ch3. Ca!re shouthl
be0 take no 1 36t to 501w nit rate of soida
(in wet 1)13 nts, because86 it is likely to
s(1a1d them. It is best to apply it jut35
after' a r'aln, whien Ithe mlohsture' has
drield off of thet leav'es of the p~lnts,
then cultivato with a mulch for'ming
iplment as sooni as the gr'ound Is
dr'y enough to nlow.
ON THIE MODERN FAltM.
I Some Practical and Helpful Details 1in
operating This Aid to 1arming.
By Styles Iloward, Assistant Profes
sor Machine Sho p, Clemson College.
Of the various power-producing
naclines iL use oan the farm, prob
albly the most used and the most
adaptable to ill sorts of conditions is
the sinagle-cylinder gasoline enagine of
the four-stroke cycle type. This ma
chine is mnade in two forms, vertical
and horizottal, and with either air or
water-cooled cylinder.
While nmachines of differeit makers
vary as to detail, they all have the
saiae essential parts; namely, cylin
der with inlet and exhaust valves,
piston, connecting tod, cratak shaft,
crank shaft bearings with supports,
tily wheels, exhaust valve opeier, guv
e'nar aution ap imrtatus, carburetor,
,.'ooling apparatus aad oiling systen.
'These wagines aay be purchased in
sizes frot otte-half horse power up
war':a'd.
t aClike the steat engite, with
whose ptalling powers we are familiar,
the gasolin e engilae will not, carry
ntiach overload; hience it is advisable
to buy a iachlne large enough to do
the anaxnuian work reutired of it
tI hott u erloataig. If the engine is
to be used for putmping only, small
slpecial puntping ntacltines that give
excellent service may be bought at a
reasonable price. If the fatter owns
but onae engine, it is probably advisa
Ule ila all cases to procure a larger
anathtite than the statal1 sizes, a lltt
chine that twill tlrive the wood saw,
the corn sheller, the feed grinder,
and so oi. 'Ihese inachies give a
relatively high ellicieicy at light
loads, and it is, thereloa'e, not ob
jectional to runt thenm light.
T e almel', lot' a satniI outlay of
ioney, enit provid e a rootn in which
he cat set his enginae and such ma
chines as he tlesires to run with it,
and his wood saw aily occupy an open
shed at the side of the roon. A rod
of cold-rolled steel, ntunted ill hang
ers attached to the overhead wood
work, nakes an excellent line shaft
at low tost. 'T'his shaft should run
lenigtlwise the full length of the room
to provide for as muany naclines as
the roorn will hold. 'Th'ie feed grinder,
corn hller, etc., tay be put together
in a part of the room isepaated from
the bajance of the loorn by t parti
tion, and beyond this partition utay be
installed the washing mtachine, the
crean tseparator, the churn, the elee
tric plant, etc. 'T'hese inlacthines are
drivel) by lie litte shaft by ieans of
belts.
Itt a limiteti space it is not possible
to disciss the many uses to which a
gstsolimae engine may be put ot the
fari, btut the writer wishes to imi
press on tlie farter the fact that it
is wtel I worth the farmer's titne to
aeq lai at iinself with the possibili
ties of the gasoline engine with refer
enel to Itis own particular case. Mani
ileiturers and dealers are ready to
supply full and free iriforanation on
retest.
.A great. naty people are utnder the
impression that the gasoline eaagine is
a very tia aeltlie atit dangerous thing.
ahis erroneous ititpression is due to
the fact that the ntachine is not un
derstott by these people. As a mat
or 01 tret, litte gasoline engine is one
of the sitplest of prime iover's, and
if kept in gt d order anti in proper
adjustinent, it is t most dependable
sottrce of powel'. \V'henl the f'anr'e
forms the hat bit of rubbing down his
tngine frequently and looking it over
ftr loose nuts at siiped alJast
ntttIs, at the satn e time looking care
faally to the (quality of Itbricating oil
le uses, he will finid that lie possesses
a satfe, econonical, and very satisfac
to'y power.
U1"'lC OF OUSE81 AND) MUtg,
''yns' of Malady and What to )o in
'''eating icli Kind,
13y Illr. M. Rtay Lowers, State Veter
anatriat 11ld lead of Veterina'y
I )ivisiol, (lelusoni tollege.
Ontt of the maost comnon aid alarm
Inag diseaseil contdlitions occurring it
lorses antl tules is that of colic.
The tertan is a very loose one, being
geneally sti to tt'note sany
taltaiinaial latiat whlate'er', andi it tttsty
re'Sadly b'le inferr.'aetl thlat tIt. thter'efor'e,
occuars it a gareat v'artiety of dliisases,
it is, htowever', onily ntecesssary3 hetre to
contsidertt' under tatiIwo hiesads, Viz.,
ssasadic colic sand colic tite to intt.
I t.eto ort01 obasltact ioni of thle b)owels.
Slussaod Ic colic Is itrobabhly of theo
atnost ar'tjIttent Ioccat a'rence Ianad conisists
oif st vitolenst cotr'actioni of the atntaseles
of thle itntestIlt'se. asng itentase psain,
It is liastlally' broutghit oat by givlig
stage satitatts of1 codl wvatet' tt ta htors
tover'-hIesa td; by ex ptsintg satcht a liorso
to chillinag ratinis afltera' hard drtiv'e;
somtuetIlit's 1b3 gi vintg a htay fe'edc'a of
ga'rean satittIcatlet food; saant int horses
that stre lirtalispaoscil 1o it, it stadteleat
t'bantage of tdiet niayt3 be all thastt is
niet'assary3 to brinag tin san atta~ck(.
Th~ie enntalitlon, Is reacognizeda by thte
Itor'se statnlyat shiowving 53'tn Itotats of
itentse paaina ftllowiaig sointe of thte
es~t ses abotve ltt'ient'ie: stsaminag
vaolt ly wtitht onie hiali 1f01 looklig
sa'oiti at Ithe Ilaks with :t.ntnxiouts
n'llaS iaai swaaIintg; lig dt)wnt stad
tlently anil rollinig ini sagony. aid withl
to's esitnai I erti oils if a'redi o ain fr'oan
latit l'olliowet'a by3 Sinaitrlsa attacatks,
t'olie Irot intlationtls is at t'otitona
stoppaisge ta'f the bowels. sant Itaay be0
broulghtt oit lay tovertloiatlilag ihe stoam
atch when'a itt a tir'e'l otl coaiditloatti
lfart'liealarly with tlry3, iataitr'itiouas
fetd. A t'taihaty cointlitiota of t he teethI
tuals o 3 btesi a t lredlisposintg f'actor' oat
acctounat oaf Iila''fectt tmiastiesnlti of
Sthe aeit 1'd This cond~litiont is Saccolan
ianlited by3 (coistiationi said the itianil
shtows t'videnatces oif at coltn tinulous dill
aaitt as5 COtiipa'aed withtl thlat (if Spits- a
atli(' colic, mtov'ing s'tilliy, lying dowat
icamot~~ally 13 S and ga'osanintg, butt witha
thle abI sce (of violetntIl'''tt mov Its. It
salso a'aanas a otnger' coursre uasall y thatn
slasstaodie colic.
in sliaatotdIt. ciIc sa serativeo or
nara(ot Ice tretatnetat shtoulad b' r'estedc~
to itt order.' to over.'l'olie ihe violentai
conitratctlion said r'elieve Ithe psain. Onea
ao' the betax r'm'iles ix tIltlid txtact
(If ('anab)is litdien, or Intdisan htemaIa
givatn iai dotSe' oif six dalsa by theii
moat thI. Thais brinags oat d rowsintassx
atnd, tas a attle, by thIe tiatte the draowsil
atess hats worn'a ofaf the colc hass tdistap
In'.rdt.l AratothIet' goodt rtedy (I Is
chiloal hy3draate given a itt aost's of Otto
aounce di ssoilveal hnatt lintt (If wattea';
itt if St hy 1oderi'e ' a'' yigt' lae avasti at
ble, two grtans of sutlpala (if mtor'
Ithinti ~ttuay be dlissolved in latt little
watta' thstt las bieen btoiltd sand sa
lowed~ to cool sandl injected unada'r thea
skInt.
W~VithI t imationt ('0llIe. oatirely dit.,
fena traeaataedies atr t needecal, th tobdl-.
Jeet.o beig to itnloatd the lateastinies of
thle of'fentdiang mtaterisal. For' this pita
pose live dlrsainsa of aloes dissolved In
a <quarat of htot water anial conijaotie
wIth one ance of oil of turl'poutino
san ihOnte dran of fluiad extract. of nux
tnot coatv~enietly at Ihiatad, otte aind a
haal f palats of lintseeda oil may he gIven,
satI if thr lacIs evidentce (if amuach paIn
Ithre'e damas of (Canabist indiala miay
also Ite gIven. Copious rectal ijee.
tionis of sosap suads aare betorteiil also,
'l'hacse remiedies ill uasally taffilce
bitt If maoro dasatic treatmieunt ls neces
sry It sahiould be enttrtistd to a veter
inarian, (.
GROWING COWPEAS THE SOUTH'S
WONDERFUL LEGUMINOUS CROP
1y J. N. Harper, Director, S. C. Ex
periment Station. riehes for seed tre \Vhlppoorwiil,
The cowpea is the best leguminous led Crowd er, y llck Eyac
crop for the South. It produces hay I Cdin and Clay, Cac,
fully equal to red clover. It resistr oo
drouth and a stand Is easily secured.
It is well at.apted to nearly every type Hybrid. 'hes stadionrhac obte
of soil in th , South, and has few dis- Whippoorwil. Probably the best all
eases and insect pests, and is i won
derful soll improver, its it not only retn its wh is medium etrly
adds large amounts of nitroge to e n it grlt I( mldu prly
the soll, but also puts the soil If the ieari
best physical condition. This crop
has been grown for a great number of The early varieties are New Era,
years in the South, but its full im- Warrens Extra Early, Ied Crowder,
portance to Southern agriculture has Whippoorwiil, Extra Early Brown
not yet been fully realized. F~yo and Early Bullock.
The seed can either be sown broad- Late varieties are Taylor, Calico,
east or in rows. If wanted for seed, Clay, Unknown, Wonderful and Ied
they should be planted in rows three Ripper.
feet apart and cultivated. When The best varieties for soiImprove
sown broadcast no cultivation is re- ment are Unknown, Iron Clay, Red
quired. However, more seed must be Ripper, Whippoorwill, Ied Crowder
used. The cowpea should not be and New Era.
planted in the spring until the ground The following varieties are tailing
Is thdroughly warm and all danger to recumbent in their growth: Call
of frost is passed. While the cowpea co, Conch, Now Era, lIed nipper and
plant Is well adapted to all kinds of Red Crowder. Cowpeas should al
soils, it is best suited to a warm, wayn be well fertilized with acid phoH
sandy soil. The hay from cowpeas Is phato and some potash. On the sandy
fully equal to that of red clover and soils of the coastal plain, a large
the best varieties for hay purposes amount of potash should 1) used. At
are the Unknown, Wonderful, Iron our Coast Experiment Station little
Clay, Whippoorwill, Ied Ripper, Red growth was made until the soil was
Crowder, Calico and the New Era. sweetened with marl.
Land containing the fungus which As the cowpea Is a legume and col
causes wilt shoulo bo sown to the leots large amounts of nitrogen from
vYafil~tV, Whi ir resists the root the atmosphere by praws of w the bac
i Crowder, Elyto ndulo, on It
Hu c , C liJn ly aio