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V X I - R E N T8 - N E R t V E I D ' 4 o . VOL. XXII. .(I1-000FORSIXBIONT118. . NEWVBERR{Y,8, C., WEI)NESD)AY, JULJY 2i, ]1886. A. CJON]~ ~iieeiit rpitr. ~.2 1'ARMEIRS AND POrdTIUS. The Nimble Lawyeir Monopolizing All the Omees--OnIty1welve Farm ers in Congrees and 278 Lawyers. [Fa9nn the:Columbia Register.] To the Farmers oj South Carolina. We "have heard so much during the paut fewnionths about the rights and wrbns of'tlhe farmers, that one may be pardoned for a little exanin. ation into the consistency of sotne of their ch'bsen advocates as well as that of the farmers themselves, so far as the Third Congressional Dis. trict is eoncerned. It so happens that the farmer Con. gressman of the District declines a re-nomination; and four or five law. yers, being the. natural allies and pro. +tectors of farmers, are -anxiously studying how they can best serve the interests of their proteges and--se. cure their qwn election. In this con nection would it not, be in order for the farmers to ascertain the extent of their representation in the present Congress, and for the lawyers to prove the necessi y for odie of their profession being chose'n for the im portant position? I am credibly informed that the farming interests, the greatest in the United States, is represented by twelve members. including our re. tiring jq,i' Miket tI 't1igt such was the paUelt3'fit ial that th Speaker, either in despair or pique, appointed a lawyer as Chcairiman of the Cimmittee on Agriculture! Now, farmers, how does that sound? Does it look as though you are much rep. resented in that august body in which you stand twelve against Two IUN DRED AND $EVE:NTY-THt'Rn LAWYERS? We boast of being the bone and sinew of the country, orsooth I In the above proposition we may be the bone, but I'll be hanged if I see where our sinews (or brains) cbme in ! Now, candidly4lfg you$ever thought of this, or dl ;you ever, know how well your cla ,, preaented.in Congress? If not, is I pot. high time, you did begin tojhink?, .The United States Senate Contains sixty-five 'lawyers out of seventy-eight all told ! I hav"ilit aword to say against lawyers, and deprecated, and will continubtdilo so, tlje 'late attempt to array class against class at' home, when we have about eighty farmers in the Hlouse to some. thirty.odd law yers. 1t wxerg are a necessity in all legislatii 'bodies, and it would be disastro for any county to dispense with thelt services in framing laws. Now, according'to the utterances of the leaders of the sqgcalle jartpers' movement, we weKe lo hap. nthing' but simon-pure t'arners In conven tion, Legislature, &c., and the upper counties having given birth to this idea one would tura . exp, ,t smg re. suits ayla itt nepsigt .cy,1gt lagt in the forthcoming nominations, par. ticularly in the case of Congressman from a purely agricultural district to a-body in which farmers literally have no representation as an interest. D)o you suppose these 278 lawyers rep)resent you? Don't you suppose, outside of our own four or live lawyer members, that the great bulk of the lawyers derive their income and se cure their election through the influ. once of corp)orations and mnopolies. of'all kinds? You know that law yers coidh not grind $120,000 out of farmers, as B. I". Butler is said to (10 out of his clients annually. What is tile use of farmers tallinug about the reduction of taxes, a re vision of the tariff, or any ameliora tion of thle .condlition of the country with 278 men, most of whom can of. ten clear more money in a day than a large farm can grow in a y.ear, and who know nothing and care less for thle anhxious cares and poor returns of farmers, so' long as they can dranw their salaries and make laws bring ing more grist to thleir mills, and, of course, at the expense of the masses of tile people? What has become of the millions of acres of land once belonging to the people? Is it not in the posses sion of railways, land grabbers and monopolies of every kind? True, they hay0,some show of title in some cases, but how ob)tained and through whom? They can point exultingly to statute upon statute passed by Congress legalizing the wholesale plunder, just the same as' dhe Rtadi calspot many years ago in our State stole and swindled undecr the form of law. If ever there was a time for the farmers of the United States to organize, chloose their own represen. tatives, and dIrive from pllace and power this regiment of lawyers now fattening, not on their salaries but on the proceeds of so-call legisla tion inturinig to their benefit, as well ,as to the whole army of pens1ic agents and lawyers generally. We have heard nmuc h of organizing tihe farmers at home in order- to secure their rights and to prevent "robbery, onnres'sinn anmd corruntion" in o,r Legislature, where we are in a de cided majority, and ought and are able to carry out any necessary laws for the protection and benefit of our. selves without infringing on the rights of others. Now, -if these charges, none of which have been proved, however, have the ghost of probability, what are the chances of agriculture And -its followers in the hands of Cdhgress as at present com. posed? It would be very interesting to know.how many of our Represen. tatives in Congress are the regular attorneys for railroads, corporations and monopolies, and how many of their relatives and connections en. joy the same profitable berths; how many pension agents, claim agents, and every other kind of agents, gain an easy and lucrative living out of the people through legislation cun. ningly dcvised for this very-purposo ! What has Congress, after half a year'l unseemly ,and, at times, child. ish wran ling, accomplished this ses. sion? vith a pension office fully organized, and after the Republicans' own heart, these conservators of, the people's rights have flooded the counu try with a mass of private pension Acts to benefit parties whose claims, in m'ost instances, have t eeq reject ed in- tlih proper quarter, and, for tunately, we have now a President who has the courage to use his veto power in these glaring cases, and has not failed to do so. What a conserv ative majority, solemnly pledged to ec9Ipomy a d reform, what a.pitiable epectable 16 here presinted weion one man has to step in and, after care. fully examining these Acts, feel com pelled to veto scores of them, return ing them to the place of their origin as an unmistakable reminder of the gross dereliction of duty of members who have so betrayed their trust ! A few words more to my. fellow farmers, and I will close. Are there no farmers in the Third District con petent to represent you, or do you prefer a lawyer? That's for you to decide one would suppose. But no sooner is.there a vacancy'than "some. body'" int4mates that lawyer is just .the man, and this, passing aroundi'anong other- lawyers, more "coWi'a.ions" are, made to strength. en his claimn. Mr .. is to step into the incipient Congressman's place; B.takee his, C takes .BD's, D takes C's, and so on. How simple nd innocent the whole thing is. The poor farmer,- busy with 'his "crops," is kindly spared all exer tions of mind and. body, and is not even annoyed or Worried with a sin. gle question on a subject of so little importance !,o him! Why, what does he know or care about who (mis) rep. resents him? It's all the same to hiuu; . lie never .has obtAined any benefit fron Congress, except now and then five cents worth of seed, and does not hope, nor need he, for any, so long as three hundred and thirty.eight -.lawyers have seats in Congres9. If we pay three-fourths ofthe taxes, as erroneously asserted, surely as a simple matter of courtesy we might be allowed the poor privilege of send ing two or three farmers at least to Congress, where at present we liter. ally have no representation whatever. WVhile this is addressed to the farmers of this State, it is equally im portant that.- this meritorious ques tion should be carefully considered by every ~farmer throughout this broad land, and by every man, no matter how occupied, who wishes to see prosperity and good government. A Poon~ FARIMER. An Editor's Duty. Amid all the conflicting elements of life, the editor has a hard time ot' it. What to do under all circum stances often perp)lexes his mind. Policy dictates one thing, and princi. pie another. Integrity suggests one course, and' expediency suggests an other. What then must he do? The editor who '"rides thme fence," on any subject, sooner or later comes to grief. Expediency will serve him b)ut for a season. The path of honor and truth, is the p)ath for him to tread, lie must walk in the p)ath of' duty in the fear of no man, lie must 'do good and eec-hew" evil, and ever stand up and speak out boldly for the good, the true and tire pure, and always against the wrong and the implure, and have no thought for the consequences; God will take care of them. Let the editor pursue tis course, and he can laugh at.criticism, for then he will know that the p)aLh of duty is the only p)ath of safety. The editor who does not f'ollow this course, will find out that his work Is a failure. Trhis is the course that we have worked out for ourselves, and despite whatever may cross our path, we intendh with God's help to walk in it. WVe intend to speak the truth in advancing the right and condemn. ing the wrong ; to "hew to the line let the chips fall where they may," with malice toward none, If this (10es riot suit anybody, we can't help it.. Orana,ihurr 'f'imes umd n)-o. CHEAT IN W ElEAT. Observations of an E xporienced Farm er--Ills Views on Some Other Matters. Mesrrs. Editors : In your issue of 2nd inst.. you asked the farmers to give their experience and obsesva tion of cheat in wheat. I am a plain old farmer, without the advantages of a "higher" or scientific education, and shall consequently eschew the use of technicalities and simply give the result of my observation. The first crop of wheat I sowed was in the fall of 1845-known by the old people as "the dry year." The variety sowed was mainly what was then known as the Alabama May or the "little red" wheat. In the same field and at the same time I sowed a large-grain white wheat, known in this vicinity as the Baltimore. The result with both kinds was satisfac tory. No cheat appeared this year. The next year, '46,' 1 again used the same varieties, the "little red' still giving satisfactory results, but the Baltimore rusting badly, and among it appearing a large quantity of a plant called among us "cockle." 'T'his I apprehend is not a variety of cheat. Thenceforth I discarded the Baltimore and used the "little red" only, for several years without making the acquaintance of the great enemy of, Southern wheat growers, the cheat, but cockle was to be seen 'more or less every year. In 1856 or '57, 1 think, I seeded a portion of my crop with a new favorite that had made its appearance among us---the Gale, a large white grain-still stick ing to my well-tried friend, the red. The result with the Gale was mag nificent-eighteen bushels per acre. Eureka I I thought I had found it. But alas for human hopes ! The next year I used none other than Gale-foolishly discarding a long tried friend for something new. The result was almost an entire failure -cheat, rust and cockle predomi nating. Sorrowfully I hunted up my old friend, the "little red," and continued to use it until about 1862 or '63, when the Mogul appeared and asked. to be tried. I was simple enough to do so. Result--cheat and cockle were principally the crop se cured. I continued to use the "little red" until Sherman's army of house burners arrived here, on the 22nd February. 1865. when we lost the "little red" and have not been able to obtain pure seed since. We have used, "since freedom came down," several varieties, but cheat and rust appeared. in all. We cannot ac count for the presence of cheat in wheat-the scientific may-but it has come to stay. Some varieties of wheat seemingly degQperate, and the result is cheat. I have fiequeitly .noticed on the margins of "sprouty places"-and there are many such in the lands about Rocky Mount that thert is frequently a greater quantity of cheat than wheat. Thore are, as you mentioned, two kinds of cheat-one in its growth and ma turity manifesting some of the char act'ristics of wheat, and the other of oats. 'We think 'The former degenm erated whmeat and the latter degene rated oats. I have never seen oats change to thmis species of cheat, save when sown In thme fall. Its presence In wheat can, in my opinion, only be accounted for by the seeds being left in the fields or getting mixedl at the threshing. Now, Messrs Edi;ors, we hmave had our say and confess our inabi lity' to exp)lain the Inodus oper-andi of the chiange, but hope some of thme -"higher" educated will rise and do so for the benefit of the unlearned farmners. Having saidl thus mnuchm about cimeat in wheat, we are tempted to hand in our protest against sonme of thme deliverences of the Farmers' Convention. WVe protest the present is an in ausp)icious time to foist upjonI ihe poor toil-worn taxpayers two nmore institutions of learning. Trrue, there may exist a necessity for time pro posed colleges, but a very large ma jority of our farmners are too p)oor to avail themselves of time advantages to give thmeir sons a scientific.traina ing so generously offered by our rep presentative men. Many farmers are so circumstanced that they cannot avail thmemselves of time meagre ad vantages aff'orded by our fm-ce schools, so greatly are the services of thmeir children needed in time great strife of bread-winning. It would be umnjust, to place any Iunecessary bumrdiens upon01 them. T1hme weadlthy cana semnd their sons amnd daumghter-s to alny inm st,itution they may elect, amnd it, is charitably hoped timey am-c too pmroumd to ask th .t time poor- be taxed for thmeir benefit and too just to accept if prof'ered. Free tumition is not time only requisite. Such hmomely tiings as bread, meat and apparel, are es senti als -andl requmire ready money, whichm thme poor laboring mani canniot p)rocure. Th'ie ,Soutm Carolina Col lege Is openi to all comers, free of any chmarges, andl time Female Col lege at Columnia and seve..al & female schools of hi-,t grade would doubtless he pleased to receive nd instruet yo:ir sons and daughters. Send them on--there "yet is room." We are well pleased .with the re commendation to plant less cotton, but the convention had as well advise t'ie cotton planters to jump to the moon. I would be .pleased to know how many will take their own pre scription ! ''he farmers of the Cotton States, in our humble opinion, will continue to plant cotton largely so long as negro labor is so plentiful, and bacon, corn and mules can be had on time. We may meet in convention and abuse the lawyers and merchants for the hard times, but we are the cau3e or "all our woes." The Lien Law is here to stay atleast a while longer should we send wise men to make our laws. By the by, Messrs. Editors, -are there no aspirants for politic?"l and official honors in the county ? Uc. tlemen, are you afraid of the "farm ers' move ment. ?" It is harmless, and won't bite. I do hope to see Fairfield send two lawyers to the next Legislature-"an oligarchy" that will he too wise to saddle the farmers and all other classes with "a real agricultural and mechanical" college and "a school for girls" and this old man will throw up his straw hat and shout "hurrah" for the good people of Fairfield. OLD : AN. -Fa:rield News and Herald. .... - GE NERAIL JOHIN BIRATTON. The Gord1on of South Carolina. In several papers of the State Gen cral John Bratton has been sug gested as a suitable man to receive the Democratic nomination for Gov. ernor or 'South Carolina. In this connection a few words about the public career of the man whom it is thus proposed to honor may not be out of place. After a career in the Confederate army, which was conspicuous for bravery, fidelity and efliciency, Gen eral Bratton returned home, to take his part in the endeavor to restore the State, in some degree, to the prosperity which had preceded the wreck and ruin of the war. In 1865 he was sent to the State Senate from Fairfield, without opposit.ion. Brief as was the opportunity thus nflorded -soon as did the Federal soldier with his bayonet take possession of the goverment of Sout !h Carolina General Bratton itmpr, sed his col. leagues and his constitt. ncy with his fitness for his t.rust. In the trying peril.d [rom the en forcement of the reconstruction m.eas. tires to the political revolution of 1876, General llratton was always at the service of his people, in what. ever capacity lie might do aught that promised relief from the burden of misrule, robberry and outrage that made South Carolina as conspicuous for the infamies done in her name as she 'had once been for the greatness of her leaders and the purity of her government. In the movenont re. sulting in the assembling of the Tax. payers' Con ventions, lie lost no op. p)ortunlity to f'urther the success of' our oppressedl citiz/enisip, wvho( saw in the Tlax Uniuons the only means of' slowly dragging themselves ouit of the condition in wich lie B adical party had placed them. For services rend(er'ed in timnes suebJ as our people exp)erieniced from 1868 to 187G there could be neither reward nor' the hope of' reward, sav'e in the consciouisness of (duty (lone tunder very trying cir'cumistances. Patriotism wats hteret subhjectedl to its highest test, without the incentives which make abititious men p)atriotic. TLhec meni whoi( were trute to the State in those t imnes cottuld expect necithmer putblic honors nor p)opla plat JLudits. Si lent gr'atitud(e, even, seemedl some times wanting. 'l'he men who, like JTohn Brattoin, served South Caro lina then, servedl her' f'or Carolina's sake-not for their own gaiti. It is easy to tundelrstandi that in the 'disorganmized state in which the white people found thtemnselvyes in 1876, af'ter every expedient, had f'ailed to bring relict' from the evils that beset them, the reorganization of' the Dem ocratic party was a difficult task. T1hie work of enliisting the good p)eo' pIe of Fairfld in a contest that p)romtised little else than1 di llculty, danger and (defeat, was no easy oine. Th'lat dluty was assigned to John lirattomn. Th'le fruit of his labors ably assisted at aill tinmes by the County Executive Comititee andl backed at last. by the good people of Itairfled-was 5(een ini ydrthaps the most effectiv VCPolitical organiization that has ever existed ini South Caro line. Tlhiat organizamtion)Wt was 1 bIt upl oni a sentiimnt---that senitimient which makes "duty t.he sulimest WOrdI In the English language,'>r-1 which could only be calgM,~Il tihe onie in whose sen a-'- * ji fidelity to <; of' 76 General fullest, t ike vis a membeil)r of i where his character and ability were recognized by those upon whom devolved the duty of conducting a political contest, the like of which was never known in this country. In 1880, General Bratton was called to the chairmanship of the State Executive Committee, to take charge of a campaign which prom. ised to be a troublesome one. It wis conceived that there was some grounds to apprehend a break in the front which our people had lately presented .to the enemy, and that John Bratton was the man to avoid the breach if possible and heal it if made. The success of that catn paign, and the support he had from all the Democracy of the State showed that those who had called him to the post knew the man they had chosen. In 1)cember, 1880, General Bat. ton was, without any solicitation on his part, elected by the Legislature to the important post of Comptroller. General of the State. It is needless to say that he filled that office in a mainer altWether creditable. In 1884,7 eneral Bratton was sug gested by good men in various parts of the State for the otice of Governor. 1'he State Convention passed no judgtnent o. his merits. A third man was, by a majority of the dele gates, thought to be desirable, and the choice was so made. In 1884, the vaneancy in the rep resentation of the Fourth District, occasioned by the death of the la mented Evins, was filled-by the nom ination and election of General Brat. ton for the unexpired term. We have it from those who know, that he was long enough in Washington to inpress himself there as one of the soundest and strongest men that have represented South Carolina in the councils of the nation. General liratton's record, in all the places to which the confidence of his people has called him from the quiet labors of his farm here in Fair. field, is that of' a man who has known no rule of conduct but that- which comes of sound judgment, keen sense of duty, and an absolutely unselfish devotion to the people Who have trusted him. Never an omce seeker, he has held ofilce only at the call of the people. Nothing of a politician, lie has engaged in politics by way of service to his people. The present situation in this State is not without difficult i.es-wo might say not without dangers. To lead the people out of these troubles, to avert these dangers, there is no fitter or better man in till South'Carolina than John lratton, of Fairfield. Viitn boro News and Herald. COMMERCIAL FEltTILIZELs. DOC the Use of Commercial Fertilizers Pay to Raise Cotton at 8 Cents? The above question was ably de bated at the farmers' club meeting last Saturday afternoon. Some held that the use of it pays, and that a ju dicious use of guano will pay under ordinary circuinstances. Some even went so far a to say that f'rtilizers has tmade the South; that it, has built up trade and b)rought railroads Into our country, and has brought ouit many conveniences, and in fact (lone nmny things for the progress of the South that otherwise would not have been (lone. We are tunder the 0opinlont that next to slavery guano is tihe mpst iron hiandied curse that has been imposed1 upon thme South. It has- completely deCstroyed most of our corn cribs, shuick pens, fodder stacks, smoke houses, wheat boxes, hog pens, and in fact has turnedi the brain of the farmer wild with the visionary dreams of' a gr'and theoretical idea of this one system of' farming. JTust after tihe war almost every renter had his hogs, cows, corn cribs, meat houtses, and( his little cabini had its attract,ions of' comnfont and plenty. TIhen these long time-prices were unheard of, and our' country prospered like a rose, andl hardl times were not known to our peCople. Blut alas I thme con trast, and we fully believe that guano hmas been the prime factor in this great struggle of the poor farmer for an honest stuport. D)oubtless heo has been working as he thought to his own interest, but there is no mistake about his following the bea cotns of a misguided ambition, lie has mnade some right nice calcula tions uplonI paper, andl( in his mind, buIt his practical benefits are few and far betweein. Thle comutry has become p)oorer, and this one-sidie idea has led mamw: man into head long ban krun .a ntiI hats forced him to ne dete' lis en cropsR and(asdhltti rp tire attenti9p " 0, aos begotten is - Ideas about rasing iJitjj failed to pan out as sposl .6 do by the great chamupions of its nany wonderful p)owers. Thie ox-. ravaganit use of guano is the father | f hard times, directly or indirectly, s . i.Stisnie to stop and think.-' * ''ITACIEtS' I)EPARTM 1NT,. ARTIIUR KI%Bt, EDITOIR. i'rogranntme for August 7. What should be the character of school exhibitions, and what are they worth ? G. A. Mills. The teacher as a student T. E. Mitchell. The value of school journals, Miss Boulah Oreneker. 'Two papers were read at last meeting, one on geography, the other on the teacher at play time. These subjects will be dis cusse( at the next meeting. Mr. J. M. Henry, of the class of 1886, has commenced teaching about three miles below town. We wish him success. and hope that lie will be pleased with the occupation he has chosen. We ,are glad to see the ranks of the army of teachers gradually becoming stronger. Edication is the hope of the country. We will commence in thne to Insist that the teachers come to the next meet lug of the association. Our last meeting was forgotten we are afraid, by many. Don't foi'get tie time of the next ifh'et ing. It will be on the 7th of August. Some of you may live some distance, but try to come nevertheless. We notice that some attend regularly, although their homes are some distance from town. If those who live near were as thorough ly interested as some who live at a dis tance, we believe that the meetings would be better attended. You have let the opportunity of hearing some good lectures pass, by not coming to the association. Who doubts that the teachers' column has the sIpport of the teachers? Who at the same time doubts that it is a silent support? This silent aid may be of great benefit, but we fall to realize it., and unless it is felt it might as well be withheld. We have never yet com plained of the teachers not writing for -their column, because the do not believe that it will do any good. We think, however, that it is high time that we should have something to read, written by the teachers of the county. Teach ere, let us hear from you, and no longer remain In that inactive and seemingly unsympathizing state. Words Mibaued. Qarry for conduct, lead, or escort. The misuse of this word is very frequent and very flagrant. It properly means "to convey or transport," either i 'Per son or by mears of a vehicle of some sort. ''he person or thing carried makes no exertion in the case, but submits to the action of the carrier. If, therefore, I escort a lady to church, I do not carry her. If I lead a horse to water, I do not carry him. If I drive the cows to the pasture, I do not carry them. And yet, we hear the word used in all these ways. Infallible for inevitable.-"'Infallible" means 'that can not make a mistake, or he deceived." "Inevitable" means "that can not he avoided." And yet, we hear people speaking of the Infallible consequences of a course of conduct, manifestly intending to imply that the consequences are uunvoidable. Mad for angry.-"Mad" Is a much stronger word than "angry," and is not usually appropriate as a substitute for it. Madness is the disorder or distraction of the intellect, or the condition of a mad man. Anger is only a strong emotion of the mind, excited by a real or sup posed injury, and may be and often is of short duration. It admits, however. of different degrees, passing through the successive stages of wrath, rage, and fury up to madness; so that one who Is indulging In very violent passion may without much impropriety be said to be temporarily mad. But this admissable use of it in extreme cases iOs not jus tlfy its use oni all trivial occasions of sa-. ger or resentment.-Naiad. The D)nemrtie.P'artyandt the Farm. .ers. Sc) far as wve are concerned, we are perfectly willing to trust time destinies of the D)emocratic party of the coun ty to the farmers. They have al ways been trute to the best interest of time county and State, and we do not see why any one should feel the least alarm about the present move ment. As taxp)ayers they should Lake a lively interest in pub)lic affairs, and the fact that they are doing so Is one of the most hopeful signs of the Suture. Let thme farmers come to the D)emocratic Cfanvention,with well formulated plans for carrying into operation their views, and they will have no trouble in executing them. Majority rule is the funda mental princip)le upon which the Democratic party is built, and tihe farmers being largely in the majority in the party, have a righlt to rule Its counsels, and no good -Democrat has a right to object to this, as the mein. ute hed does so he ceases to be q D)emocrat. This being the case say to the farmers of Ora~r County, elect your very "onven. represent you in the ,0. d es Lion which meiet34tthse delegates Itf needs be,,gnain policy to carry to putrsy%d-ews. In this way-you out yw hat you p)le ase, and put in e' offlces whom yo lease5. We wo"ul advise the farmers, however, to shiunm demagogues and take as leaders men of their calling whon are auccessf'ul in their business. Men who claim to bec farmers, but wvho do iot demonstrate tihe fact by a sue ~essfulI career on the farm are hardiy he men to leadl us out of the wilder. .ess. 'rihese men are place flunters, ndt it makes no difference to themi LW they secure it. Our farmers huld be represented by the most uccessful of their cls,-Oa