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The Newberry herald and news. (Newberry, S.C.) 1884-1903, November 06, 1890, Image 1

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- --BLSHED 1865. NEWBERRY, S. C. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER . 1890.P
ESTABLISHD16w
ESQUIRE.
Who Should be Addrested a Esiquires?
We are teally Misters-A Le=al Test.
[From the London Telegraph.]
What is an esquire nowadays? We
all know the derivation of the word
and the significance attached to it in
the old chivalric times, when the
"ecuyer," a youtth of gentle birth and a
candidate for the spurs and chain of
knighthood, was attached to the per
sonal service of a dubbed knight,
whose colors he wore, whose shield he
bore, whose charger, arms, and accou
trements were his peculiar care. To
attain knightly rank it was not only
necessary to be "born" in the German
sense, but to have been carefully
trained in all warlike and social exer
cises, and to have passed through two
preparatory stages of chivalric in
struction-that is to say, pagehood and
squirehood. By the time his term of
novitiate had been completed he was
qual'.fied, at the age of 19 or 20, to 6i i
up any vacancy that death or promo
tion to knighthood might create among
his master's esquires, in which capaci
ty it was customary that he should
serve for several years-indeed. uutil
some conspicuous feat of valor of his
own, or special recommendation on
the part of his chief, brought him Im
mediately under the notice of a royal
prince.
The advancement of a young gen
tieman to the rank of esquire in the
household of a great nobleman or
wealthy territorial magnate was not
infreqaently accompanied by a grant
of land, whence probably, in later
times, the squirearchy came to be iden
tified in common pariance and in the
popular mind with the landowning in
- .estof this country. Still later, when
tables of precedence were
the title of esquire was
thed birthright of men
,ains of life, and as a
to a large number
onal positions
le by persons of
trade- talents and in
The arm mto surmount
ther -very latg . ting them
list, incudin The term
very large s\c, ent" came
eA- rank 'mplied by
erneuewith it thte:,ourtesy
title' 6 squire"; as for ins'anlce, in
the case of members of the of
Commons, barristers, attorneys-an
ivil servants of a certain standif
-Aders of university degrees, physi
.ns, and -others too numerous to
icularize in this place.
le more than half a century ago
e of esquire still had a distinct
McI:..
and importance of its own,
(re clearly understood by the
Editoaf Englishmen, simple as
The Tea(mtle. Its conventional as
~Newberr-: conventional as its true
he met
sipurp has all but fallen into ob
livio nztgtepeetrinwhc
has wit'tressed a greater reigelowhint
and wider generalization of democratic
S sentiment than any other historical
period of like duration chronicled in
the annals of this country. Nowadays
the annex of "esquire," appended to a
man's name on the back of a letter or
in a printed subscription list, is freely
.- conceded to "nobodies" and is, there
fore, no longer distinctive of "some
bodies." It is the custom, in writing
to a wealthy tradesman, whether he
have retired from business or.not, to
L an actor or public singer, play-wright
or novelist, shipbroker or vestryman,
to address him as esquire. The title is
applied without the least discrimtina
tion to all sorts and conditions of men,
so long as they are tolerably well ofl'
As far as its application is concerned at
the present day, in n inety-nine cases out
of a hundred, it is an anachronism, or,
more properly speaking, an anomaly.
Itmay be described as a relic of the
age of chivalry, grotesquely out of
jkeeping with modern institutions and
tendencis and preserved no one ex
actly can tell why.
Odyenough there is no equivalen t
frit among the titular distinctions
that obtain currency In any and every
other European country. "Esquire"
Is a purely English-absurdity, neither
perpetrated nor comprehended by any
Continental people. In France every
person of the male sex, from Presi
dent to peasant, fronm duke to dust
man, is "Monsieur," the French syn
onym of our British Mr. In the way
of titles of gentility our vivacious
neighbors do not go below "Chevalier"
-knight, as we should call it, for lack
of a word expressing the titular dignity
conferred with a foreign decoration
and even that predicate must be pie
ceded by the inevitable "Monsieur."'
Thus. literally translated into our ver
nacular, the proper way to address a
member of the Legion of Honor is
is "Mr. the Knight," whereas letter
directed, let us say, to "Jatcqu1es Blon
homnme, Ecuyer,"' wonuld probab ly
never reach its add res.ee, however,
correctly the name of the street anid
number of the house in which lie re
sided might be given. "Mr. the Mar
quis" and "~Mr. the Police Agent" are
formuh;e equaily correct in their app~li
cation to the persons thus respect ively
*described. As a matter of fa'.t, ihe pre.
dicate "Monsieur" is ementially demo,
Qcratic in its nature, haivinig nothing
about it of the feudal flavor that lurks
j In the wvord "Esquire." 1indeed, as it
is used and understood in France at
the present day, it may be regarded as
a levelling legacy of the great Rlevolu
tion, previous to which it was only
apidto~ "persons of condition," an d
evn figured as the distinctive title of
the next brother to the king.
Similarly, in Gemany, A ustria, Italy
and Spain, the nrefixe "Her," "Sig
nor," and ,.Sellor" represent im Some
sort our bonorific term "Esquire,"
without in any way corresponding to its
special significance, which as we have
pointed out, is vague rather than pre
cise. In those countries there are two
sorts of title, besides those indicative of
military, naval, ecclesiastical, and
academical rank; that is to say, titles
of nobility, which include the particle
"Van." "Di," or "De," as the case may
be, an official titles, such as "Mr.
Privy-Upper-Consistorial-Counicillor,"
"Mr. Castle - Captain-and - Chamber
Gentleman," or "Mr. Preaching - Office
-Candate-and-Co-Rector." In Prussia,
more particularly, titles of this latter
category are cumulative; for example:
"Mr. Pensioned-Government-Chance
rv-Clerk-Lieutenant -of - the-Reserve,"
and "Mr. Country-District-Tribunal
Councillor - Captain - oa - the -Retired
List"-and are assumed by the wives
and relicts of their proud possessors, as
in the cases of "1rs. Railway-Station
Inspector" and "Irs. Widowed-Deca
pitator." It is de riqueur in addressing
any of the these dignitaries by letter
or word of mouth to give him the full
benefit of his many-jointed predicates,
which are every one of them genuine
articles of their kind, by no means
fantastically compounded, but culled
from authentic announcements pub
lished in the columns of Berlin news
papers,
Such honorific designations are-as
absurd in their way asour shadowy and
unjustifiable "Esquire," but, having
some sort of official reality behind them,
of which our titular annex is forlorn,
they do not give rise to controversy or
dispute, such as occurred the day be
fore yesterday between the Clerk of the
Chelsea Vestry and the Chairman of
the bench of magistrates sitting in
petty sessions at Kensington, to whose
scrutiny the special jury lists were
submitted as prescribed by law. It was
the opinion of the presiding Justice
that the special jurymen ought not to
be described as "plain Messieurs," but
as "Esquires," from whose ranks-held
by his worship to include bankers,
merchants, and "professional men"
that particular variety of juror ought
to be selected, in order "to assist the
Judges of the land in the trial of civil
actions between liege subjects of her
Majesty." According to the Vestry
Clerk, a different view of the matter
is entertained by the present Attorney
General and the magistrate of a
ery gentlemanly London parish-St.
rge's. Hanover square, The lists,
ow !er, were directed to be revised in
aceord ce with the opinion entertained
bythe sington bench, which would
hence apprar to have arrogated to itself
the right ofdeciding wbo is and who
is not an esquire in the eyes of the
law. -
The issue thiis raised is a curious one.
We wonder w hether the legal advisers
of the Crown wilbdeem it worth their
while to settle it one way or another.
How New York is Derrauded.
[From the Atlanta Journal.]
The present actinzg superintendent
has written to MlayorGrant refusing to
order a recount for New York city,
though officially informed that the cen
ss just taken by the municipal authori
ties contains 200,00)0 inore names than
tle Federal eensus.
The inojustice of this refusal is nmade
more manifest by the fact that recounts
hd been allowed in a number of cities
that had not furnished such strong
poof of the imperfectness of the Porter
cesus as New York had shown. It -is
emphasized too, by the fact that in
nearly every instance in which a re
count had been allowed the result had
been an addition to the Federal census.
But New York is a strong Democrat
ic city, and it is impossible to suppi ess
the conviction that the refusal to cor
rect its census is due to party consider
ations. The addition of 200,000 to its
poulation would give it another Demo
ratic Congressman, and iac"ease its
reprsentation in the'State Legislature
under the new State apportionment.
A pa ty perpet rating such an outrage
as this-depriving 200,000 people of
ther representation in Congress and
the State Legislature-is a delectable
part y to accuse others of depriving peo
pie of their elective or representative
rights.
Senator B;rown.
[Fromn the Birmuingham Age-Herald.]
The Senator has been one of those
strong American characters, typical of
the century of the country's existence.
Like Jackson, Lincoln, Andrewv John
son and others of the nation's distin
guished men, he rose by (lint of strong
haracter and native intellect, despite
a totatl lack of advantages in early
There; aremny thiungs in Senator
Wtrow n's public life that might afibrd
his eniemuies ground for adveirse criti
ism,. but no' one can (dny that he has
in his day been an eminently strong
man andl renmarkabily sucessful one.
There have beenci ew imen who remin
ed so lonlg in publie life as he has done,I
who can say as he does, that t hey never
met defeat before the people; andI this
is the more remarkable whuen we con
sider the many emi nent G3eorgians
with wvhom~ the senator has measured
lances.
If vou are run dowvn-have no
energy, and feel very tired all the time
-ta ke D)r. J. H. Mc Lean's Sarsaparilla.
It will impart strength and vitality to
your system.
If vou feel "out of sorts,'' cross and
peevish take Dr. J. H. McLean's Sarsa
parilla; cheerfulness will return and life
will acquire new oest.
A FOtTU.NATE ENVIRONMENT.
Why the American Woman Inherits Her
Peculiar Characteristics.
[New York Herald.]
On a certain occasion some years
since half a dozen tilted ladies were in
the ante-room of the German Empress.
by appointment. Her Majesty was
engaged for a time, and the audience
was delayed beyold the limits of ordi
nary patience.
At last one of the restless group re
marked in French to her neighbor that
the prolonged wait was growing irk
0 - t
soi, all the more so to her personally
because it had been her good fortune
to be born in America, where the
r
routine of court etiquette is unknown.
To her surprise the lady addressed
replied that she also had been born in
this country. In a few minutes others
joined in the conversation, and it was
discovered that the whole company
without exception, though members of
that privileged class known in Europe
as the nobility, were native Americans.
It is a unique incident.
When the Grand Duke Alexis of
Russia was in this country, where he
received the warm welcome which we
always extend to distinguished stran
gers, he expressed himself in terms of
highest praise for the American wo
man. She was a revelation to him,
quite different from the type found
elsewhere. Her grace, her indepen
dence, her physical beauty and mental
acumen, her dash and daring, restrained
only by the natural modesty which is
everywhere her safeguard, her aggres
0 t
sive demand for the respect of the ster
ner sex seemed to him especially im
pressive.
The criticism of the Grand Duke has
been echoed by every careful observer
from abroad.
The women of America are the result
of a fortunate environment. They in
herit certain qualities of character
which are discouraged by the institu
tions of other countries. They are, so
to speak, a new social product, impossi
ble under a monarchy. The enjoy a
wide freedom of action here-too wide
some pessimistic fossils audaciously de
clare. The air they breathe, the un
hampered spirit of the time and clime,
the moulding influences of a republic
almost force then to become self
centred and self-dependent. Their
sphere of action and thought is indefi
nitely enlarged and they therefore ac
quire a breadth, a candor, an honesty
of utterance, a poise, which are not
more startling than admirable.
And, again, it is the habit of Ameri
can mothers and fathers to place a
well nigh unlimited confidence in their
child ren. In most other lands a young
woman in her teens, or until the re
sponsibilities of the parents are trans
ferred to a husband, is looked upon as a
creature to be jealously guarded from
the temptations of life. The theory of
education seems to be to keep -her in
ignorance of all preying evils, to treat
her as an orchid which will wither at
the first cold blast. No reliance is placed
on her ability to protect herself, but at
prevailing fear exists that she will
helplessly fall into embarrassment if
the opportunity presents.
Th is theory may have its advantages;
it has also its serious disadvantages. It I
is artificial, obstructive to personal
independence and frequently results in
an unpreparedness for stern realities,
which makes the last act of domestic I
life a tragedy.
The American woman is the outcome
of wholly different educational prin
ciples. She is taught at great pains to
rely on herself, and her judgment in all
matters which personally concern her
is carefully fostered. She is accorded an
astonishing degree of liberty in her I
relations with gentlemen, but it is sel
dom misused, because she is the cuis
todian of her own future. Not books
alone, but all phases of life, are her
constant study. She is permitted to
observe the various factors of the social
circle in which she moves, to see for1
herself its beauties and its evils, its
ideals and its horrors. Her marriageC
is Lot planned for her, but is a sacred
and soleinn responsibility which she 1
must assunie, and the consequences of
which she miust bear.
lf the tendency of all this is to make
her coldly calculating, cautious, lest
she may be entrapped by some "honey
suckle villain," and ambitious to oc- 1
cupy an enviable position, why, the
reply is at hand that it is no worse for]
her to arrive at her owvn conclusions in 1
these matters than for her parents to 4
decide them for her. The danger of
unhappy domestic relations is no greater 1
in the one case than in the other. On C
the contrary, it is infinitely better that
she should be taught to be careful about I
such a step) than that her paren's
should send her to the background as a C
nonentity, make arrangements which
involve the happiness or misery of a
lifetime and then demand thbat she shall
accept the contract.
Whether amid the "polished pertur
bations and golden enres'' of a foreign
court or the narrower and in many re- 1
spects happier duties of the humblei
household the American woman loses C
nothing by comparison with her equals
in any p)art of the globe. She wears 1
hcr honors with grace and assumes re- 1
spon.biities with the courage of self
reiance. Take her for all in all-repress
in for the moment our impulse to
"iy p)rofane the time" wvith criticism
-she is the most agreeable result
which the laws of social evolution hav-e
as et produced.C
For rheumatic and neuralgic pains,
rub in Dr. J. H. McLean's Volcanic
Oil Liniment, and take Dr. J. H. Mc
Lea's Sarsaparilla. You will not suffer
long, will be gained with a speedy and
active e*.
THE FIRST CONFEDERATE SEALS.
'hey Were Mad a in Philadelphia a Month
Before Mhe Fall of Sumter.
[Froi the Philadelphia Press.]
Here is a fact whien the Music Ciio
tas entered as an item in the great
ournal of universal history:
March 12, 1861, John Forsyth and
dartin J. Crawford formally requested
)ecretary Seward to appoint as early
. day as possible, on which day they
tisght present to the President of the
:niten States the credentials which
hey bore as commissioners du!y ac
redited by the Government of the
,onfederate Statesof America, to which
equest Secretary Seward, with Presi
lent Lincoln's approval, three Jays
ater, replied that he saw in recent
vents and the condition of political
.ffairs in the South not a rightful and
ceomplished revolution and an inde
)endent nation, with an established
overnment, but rather a perversion of
enporary and partisan excitement.
And here is a fact, unpublished hith
rto, which a Philadelphia die-sinker,
. H. Jacobus, 30 South 3d street, en
ered in his journal:
March 8, 1861, filled an order for two
eals inscribed, "Confederate States of
merica, department of war." The
rder was sent by Joel White, booksel
er, Montgomery, Ala., to the Lippin
ott Company, and by Thomas W.
Iartley, of that company, transferred
o me."
These seals were used in all official
locuments of the Confederacy until
he seat of government was removed to
lichmond.
Now let us add two other facts, with
heir respective dates:
At 4:20 a. m., April 12, 1861, the roar
>f a mortar from Sullivan's Island
juickly followed by the rushing shriek
>f a shell, gave notice to the world that
he era of compromise, diplomacy and
nisapprehension was ended; and on
unday afternoon, April 14, with colors
lying and drums beating, bringing
6way his company and private property
Lnd saluting his flag with fifty guns,
dajor Robt Anderson marched out of
ort Sumter.
Looking back a few months to learn
ow Philadelphians felt before the cri
is actually arrived, we find that on
December 10, 1SO3, Major Alexander
ienry issued a proclamation by the
Advice of councils of the city, summon
ng the whole people thereof to assem
)le on the 13th in Independence square.
rhe result was the most imposing of
dl meetings which were held to discuss
easures for placating the deeply of
ended Soatb. In his address Major
lenry said: "The misplaced teachings
)f the pulpit, the unwise rhapsodies of
he lecture room, the exciting appeals
)f the press, on the subject of slavery,
nust be frowned down by a just and
aw-abiding people. Thus, and thus
>nly, may yon~ hope to avoid sectional
liscord, agitation, and animosity."
rhe Hon Joseph R. Ingersoll followed,
aying: "It is a force to suppose that
his country will be divided." Charles
S. Lex said: "Let us discountenance
Liy denunciation of slavery, or of thcse
vho maintain that institution. Theo
lore Cuyler said: "Let us receive our
>rother of the South, if he will come
Long ut. for a little time, attended by
1is servant, and permit him thus to
:ome. We are bound by a sacred com
>aet not to interfere or meddle with the
nstitution of slavery as it exists in
nany of our sister States." The spirit
>f this great meeting was embodied in
esolutions of the most conciliatory,
riendly anid apologetic tone.
In these four concise statements of
act-in the few words which have
een devoted to the Confederate conm
issioners, the Confederate seals, the
all of Sumter, and the mass meeting
n Independence square-lies the sub
tance of a whole chapter of history.
[here is no more interesting chapter in
he history of the civil war than that
vhich deals with the sentiment which
>revailed in the Northern States imme
iiately before the outbreak of hostilities.
Ask Mr. Jacobus if he thought at the
.ime that there was anything strauge
n receiving an order for seals to be
ised by the "Confederate States of
America," and he will reply simply:
'Oh, no. I had other oiders from
southern firms, and filled this among
he rest."
Ask a representative of the J. B.
ippincott Company, whose memory
~oes back to that day, if this comm:ssion
~xcited surprise, and he will answer:
'If we should get an order for seals for
he "independent County of Cheste-,'
r the 'Confederate States of Delaware
ad Mlaryland,' we should fill it, pay
net being guaranteed. That's the
vay wve felt about the order from our
orresodent in Montgomery."
The Time to Marry.
[Fromi the London Woman.]
Early last week all was going merrily
Lt a very Interesting wveddinsg in the
own of Petalumia until the bridegroom
vas called upon to produce the wed
iingv ring. In vain he felt in his trou
ers pocket for the m]issilg trifie. No
hingr could be found except a hole,
brough which the ring had evidently
alen into the high boot which is ef
ectedl by young mieni of that counltry.
hat was he to do?
"Take your boot off," said the parson.
The susp)ense and silence were pamn
ul. The organist, at the priest's bid
ing, struck up "voluntary." The
roung man, sitting on the altar rails.
-emoved his boot. The ring was found
-also a hole in the stocking, which led
he worthy divine to remark :
"Young man, it's time you were
EDISON'S BOYHOOD.
rihe Wiard's First Great Invetiioa the
Result or an Accident.
[Chicago Herald.]
"But nothing is too wonderful for
Edison to produce. When I look back;
:o twenty-five years ago and put Ton
Edison, as I knew him then, alongside
)f the Thomas A. Edison of to-day,
tnd note what has taken place, I am
>repared almost for anything. Twen
:y-five years ago, as I sat by Edison in
t New York telegraph office, I little
bought that there slumbered within
hat man the fires of a genius that would
tartle the world. There was nothing
vonderful about Edison. A plain and
inpretentious man, he came and went
ithout troubling anyone with his con
rersation. Perhaps he spoke to me
,ore than to any other nian in the
place, because we sat at adjoining
ables.
"One day his wire gave out or went
rong in some way. He was working
\ew Haven ; I was operating Boston.
Fle started to fix it, and while thus en
aged his message came back over my
wire. I called him:
"Torn can you explain this ?"
"He looked for a moment and then
emarked :
" 'Why, that is caused by induction;
;he two wires are near each other.'
"He went off and shortly afterward
.ame seemingly lost in thought.
"Yes, that's what causes it,' he re
eated. 'I wonder if we could devise a
>)lan like that to make two circuits on
me wire so that two men could send
tad two others receive at the same J
ime?"
"And he went back to his instru
ment. Out of that little accident he
levised the duplex telegraph system.
Ihen followed the quadruplex, and.
hese have saved the telegraph com
pany millions of dollars."
"Had Edison before that shown any
nventive genius?"
"He had been working on a tele
,raph system, but he discovered that
he Wheatstone system-I think that
is the name-covered the ground and
be gave it up. You know the rest.
Edison's achievements are now no
ecret.
"The steps leading up to that per
Fected phonograph, how Edison dis
overed that the sound waves of the
human voice might be so directed as to
race an impression upon a solid sub
tance, are just as wonderful. Edison
found it almost accidentally while he
was experimenting with a different
Dbject in view. In manipulating a
machine intended to ropeat Morse
haracters, he found that when the
ylinder carrying the indented paper
was turned with swiftness it gave off a
humming noise. That let to several
experiments, such as fitting a dia
phragm to the miachine,which would re
eive the vibrations by the voice. The
cylinder, when rapidly revolved,
caused a repetition of the original vi
brations, just as if the the machine it
self were speaking. That settled the
matter, and Edison found that the
problem of registeging human speech,
so that it could be repeated by me
canical means as often as might be
desired, was solved. Yes, Edison is a
gen ins."
Good Rtesu its of iFairmers' Alliances.
[Washing.on Gladden in the Novem
ber Forum.]
How loug the farmers will hold to
ether in their alliances is difficult to
predict. It may be that the discus
sions in which they must take part
will show them that some of the fmea
sures of direct relief on which they are
chiefly depending are impracticable;
ad it is conceivable that this discov
ry will tend to demoralize themi. That
bey can become a permanent political
force is not likely, for parties which re
present only classes cannot live in a
republic. But several results, by no
means undersirable, may be looked for
as the outcome of this farmer's up
risig.
I. They will secure a thorough dis
cussion of some important economical
questions. They will force the people
to consider carefully the problem of the
state ownership of the great public
ighways. If the farmers can stick to
gether and siick to their text long
enough to get this business thoroughly
ventilated they will do a good service.
II. They are loosening the bands of
partisanship and opening the way for
a rational co-operation of citizens for
all desirable purposes. It is no)t im
probable that it will lead to a recons
truction of parties.
III. They are helping to make an
nd of the sect ionalisma which has been
a large part of the capital of a certain
class of politicians. "Scarcely a vestige,"
they say, "of the old sectional prejudice
of a few years ago is now visible within
their ranks." The South and the WVest
are coming into fraternal relations,
"The demagogue politician who now
attempts to array sectional prejudice in
order that he may keep farmers equally
divided on important questions," is
admonished that he is about to con
~ront "a superior intelligence that will
soon convince hinm that his occupation
is gone." Thue farmer's movement is
not, probably, the deluge, but it will
prove to be something of a shower-in
some quarters, a cyclone-and it will
lear the atmosphere.
Oysters are said to be in season
whenever there is an "r"in the month,
but to make this come true the Lond
oners must needs pronounce August as
Argust, since at that time their oyster
season hegins.
BISHOP POLK'S DEATH.
en. Joteph E. Johnston Describes How
He Was Killed.
An article in the Indianapolis Jour
ial recently purported to narrate the
rue account of the death of the Con
ederate Lieutenant General Polk,
3ishop of Louisiana. Coucerning its
tatements, Winfield Peters writes to
he Sun that having in the year 1879
,isited the field of operations along
ennesaw Mountain, Ga., and having
ocated, after much effort, the spot
vhere General Polk fell and informed
nyself as to the circumstances of his
leath, and having subsequently con
erred with General Joseph E. John
ton and Bishop Beckwith, of Georgia,
vho wcere present on the field and near
4eneral Polk when he fell, he was en
Lble not only to correct the inaccura
:ies of the Journal, but to set at rest
my future dispute as to a remarkable
>ccurrence of the late war, determined
:o ask Gen. Joseph E. Johnson to write
>is account of it, and now have the
leasure of enclosing his reply." In
3is letter to Mr. Peters, which is dated
Washington, September 2.3, General
[ohnson says: "I have seen lately
,hat purported to be an account of
3eneral Polk's death, probably that to
,vhich you refer, for it is an invention
rom beginning to end.
"Bates's division, of Hardee's corps,
)ceupied the summit of Pine Mount as
m outfost. As it was nearly a mile in
ront of our. line, General Hardee
bought it exposed, and I decided to
ide to it with him and decide the
luestion on the ground. General Polk
oined us. We reached the hill directly
7ron the rear and dismounted sixty or
ighty yards from the summit. On
-eachi ng it we found that the best view
vas from a little parapet some thirty
>r forty feet dnwn the slope and occu
>ied it. The Federal line was in full
iew, and a field battery three or four
iundred yards in our front. In a few
ninutes it was decided that the risk of
iolding the position was much greater
ban any advantage it could give us,
md General Hardee desired to with
]raw his troops from it soon after night
all.
"As we were closing our field-glasses,
reparatory to moving, a shot from the
jattery in front of us struck a tree, a
ittle above our heads. We moved
tround the little summit horizontally,
General Polk and I to the right, Gene
ral Hardee to the left. In a few min
tes another shot came flying over our
beads, General Polk still with me.
very soon after, when I was trying to
scertain if any part of our line was
visible, another shot came-the third.
[ immediately looked around to assure
myself of General Polk's safety, when
a-young officer near called to me that
be had fallen by the last shot. Look
ing to the crown of the summit I saw
im lying at full length upon it-dead.
astening up I found that the bolt
from a field piece had passed left to
right through the middle of his- chest.
Ina few minutes a rapid discharge of~
shells into the woods around was begun.
"As General Polk had served in that
army from its foundation he was
greatly loved and admired in it, and
his death was deeply deplored. -
"We had no signal stations then,
nor ambulances at Marietta. This dis
poses of the fable of the deciphering of
a Confederate signal by a federal ohl
eer."
To General Johnston's letter Mr.
Peters add: "Bishop Polk's remains
were buried outside the chancel rail of
Christ Church, Augusta, Ga. A large
and ornate mural tablet in his memory
was erected in the church near the
cancel. The inscription is in letters
of gold on black marble. After stating
is services in the church as bishop of
tw dioceses, his rank of lieutenant
general in the army and dates of birth
md death, it concludes with this quo
tation from the Book of Job:
.Behold, my it.ness Is in Heaven,
My recoA' is on high.
"Leonidas Polk, having graduated at
the United States 31ilitary icademy,
West Point, subsequently entered the
holy ministry, and was Bishop of Lou
sina at the outbreak of the war. Ifis
:evotion to the cause of the Confed
racy impelled him to apply his mili
tary talents in its service and tempo
rarily to leave his diocese to some other
bishop. He won promotion in the field,
and at his death he had the next high
st rank in the Confedecate army.
General Polk was one of the three Con
rederate Lieutenant Generals killed or
mortally wounded in battle; the others
were Stonewall Jackson and A. P.
Hill."
What Smokers Get for Five-Cents'
[Fronm the Philadelphia Press.]
There is, however, one point in comn
mon with all cigars, and that is they
contaiai acetic, formic, buteric, valerie,
proprionic, prussic, and carbolic acids;
reosote, sulph uretted hydrogen, piri
:ine, veredine, picoline, and rubidene,
md therefore one must not e::pect to
get a good one for less thanm five cents.
A Wrong That Must Be Righted.
[Fronm the Chattanooga Times.]
New York city will in the end secure
a recount. If the Census Bureau and
Interior Department refuse this meas
ure of justice, Congress will be ap
pealed to, and will certainly interfere.
The quality of the blood depends
much upon good or bad digestion and
assimilation. To make the blood rich
in ife and strength-giving constituents
use D)r. J. H. McLean's Sarsaparilla.
It will nourish the properties of the
blood, from which the elements of vi
talty are rawn.
The Mortgaged West.
[Daniel R. Goodloe, in the November
Forum.]
The Western States have given more
attention to the collecLion of statistics
ofimortgages than other parts of the
country. The subject is of great and
growing inteiest, and it is well worth
the careful examination of statisticians
and statesmen.
Ohio is the oldest of :the Northwest
ern States. The State bureau of statis
tics reported, for the year 1888, 291,640
mortgages upon real estate, and the
arnount for which the laud is mort
gaged is $330,999,000. The assessed
value of real estate was $1 ,220,22,000;
the mortgage indebtedness, therefore,
was, within a fraction, one-third the
value of the whole real estate of Ohio.
The aggregate mortgage indebted
ness of the people of Indiana is at least
$26,000,000.
The total number of real estate mort
gages in Illinois, in 1887, apart from
city lots, was 92,777, for an amount of
$142,400,000, the over-due interest
amounted to $4,919,7M, and the total
indebtedness of the farmers, therefore,
was 147,320,000. The number of acres
mortgaged was 8,082,794, and the rate
of interest was about 6 per cent. But
of course the interest "nominated in
the bond" was not all. The interest,
in one form or another, will rarely fall
below 10 per cent.
The annual report of the Michigan
labor bureau for 1888 shows the follow
ing results: The total number of farms
in the State was 90,803, of which 43,079
were mortgaged, their assessed value
being $79,713,000, and the mortgage in
debtedness $37,456,000. The rate of
interest was 7.2 per cent., and the ac
crued interest was $2,701,000. The per
centage of mortgages to the assessed
vaiue of the mortgaged lands was 46.8.
The number of mortgage foreclosures
during the year was 1,667, and the
number of redemptions 131. The num
ber of sales under execution was 244,
and the number of redemptions was 33.
There are said to be 270,000 farms in
Kansas; and on this basis the editor of
the Topeka "Advocate" concludes that
the total mortgage indebtedness of the
State, among the farmers, is $146,563,
000. The report adds: "A great many
have had to borrow interest from the
banks, and others have not paid inter
est for two years."
The virgin soil of the West is rapidly
ceasing to be the home and the posses
sion of the sturdy American freeman.
It is related by John Randolph, of Roa
noke, that when visiting a neighboring
planter, some seventy years ago, he
found his female hostess surrounded by
her female servants, making clothing
for the Greeks who were struggling for
liberty and independence. But while
taking leave, he observed a troop of
ragged slaves approaching the house;
and turning, he said to the lady, "Ma
dam, the Greeks are at your door."
And now to America, all aglow with
sympathy for the Irish in their strug
gle for liberty, it may be said, "Madam,
Ireland is at your door."
Fruits of Prohibition in Boston.
[From the Boston Herald.j
More people are brought into the
police stations entirely unconscious
from the drinking of liquor than was
the case some years ago, and more of
them die while in that condition. The
police lay it entirely to the quality of
the liquor drunk, and say .the cause is
the result of high license and 11 o'clock
closing. On account of the high tax
for selling intoxicants, dealers are
tempted to sell "manufactured" liquor
so as to make a big profit, -and, on the
other hand, those who drink liquor are
very apt to buy a bottle of stug when
the saloons close up at 11 o'clock, so
that they can continue their spree.
Others purchase by the bottle because
it is cheaper than by the drink, and,
having it with them, are tempted to
drink three times the amount they
otherwise would were they to go from
soloon to saloon and purchase it by the
glass.
Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly for Nov
ember, 1890.
A splendidly illustrated paper of
Henry M. Stanley: his Career and
Achievement," by George C. Hurlbut,
Secretary of the American Geographi
cal Society, makes Frank Leslie's
Popular Monthly for November an
exceptionally interesting~numnber. For
a graphic review of Stanley's eventful
career, and the Emin relief expedition
in particular, from an American stand
point, Mr. Hurlburt's article surpasses
anything that has as yet appeared on
this fascinating topic of the day. In
the same number Felix Oldboy pro
pounds and answers the question,
"Who was Charlotte Terniple?" bring
ing forward some hypothese and reve
lations which will startle the thounands
of romance-lovers who have strewn
fowers on the mysterious grave in the
Trinity Church-yard, New York city.
There are illustrated articles on: "Bue
nos Ayres," by John Stanley; "Coon
hunting in South Carolina," by H. M.
Howard; "Great Pabchluinkab, the
Western Niagara," by W. D. Lyman;
"Some Copts in Old Cairo" (second
paer), by A. L. Rlawson; "The Em
press Theocdore," by A. C. Townsend;
"A Vermont Island and its inhabit
ants," by Nelly Hart Woodworth; and
a "History of History of Human Habi
tations," by Maria F. Valette. The
half-dozen short stories are varied and
interesting, and the poems "fit ,though
few." Among the art illustrations is
a beautiful portrait of Dorothy Tennant,
he Engrlish brideonf Henry M1. Stanly.
SHE ADMIRED HER BEAUTY.
Return of an Insult by a Graceful Compli
ment.
[From the New York Telegram.1
A young girl, beautiful in form, fea
ture and dress, sat in a car. Directly
opposite sat a poor girl of about the
same age, shabbily clothed, with a
shambling body, slightly deformed as
to the shoulders, and an exceedingly
plain face, which bore the lines of suf
fering and want. Her eager eyes were
fixed on the face and figure opposite her
with a devouring, pathetic look that
showed how keenly alive she was to
the exceeding beauty of a beautiful
body.
The object of the gaze began to grow
uneasy under its intensity and fixity,
and finally, looking the girl coldly in
the face, she leaned partly across the
car and said:
"Well, Miss Imnertinence, if you
have looked at me long enough will
you be kind enough to looksomewhere
else? I am tired of it."
The poor girl grew first red and then
white. A look of keen.pain came into
her eyes, and then tears, as she turned
away and said softly:
"I was only thinking how beautiful
you are."
a All Watches Compasses.
A writer in the London Truth says:
A few days ago I was standing by
an American gentleman, when I ex
pressed a wish to know which point
was north. He at once pulled out his
watch, looked at it, and pointed to the
north. I asked him whether he had a
compass attached to hls-watch. "All
watches," he replied, "are compasses."
Then he explained to me how this was.
Point the hour to the sun and the
south is exactly half way between the
bour and the figure XII on the watch.
For instance, suppose that it is 4
o'clock. Point the hand indicating4
to the sun and Il on the watch is ex
actly south. Suppose that it is 8 o'clock.
My American friend was quite sur
prised that I did not know this.
Thinking that very possibly I was ig
norant of a thing that every one else
knew, and happening to meet Mr.
Stanley, I asked that eminent traveller
whether he was aware of this simple
mode of discovering the points of the
compass. He said thit he had never
heard of it. I presume, therefore, that
the world is in the same state of igno-,
rance. Amalfi is proud of having
been the home of the inventor of the
compass. I do not know what town
boasts of my American friend as a cit
izen.
The Discouraged Farmer.
[James Whitcomb Riley.]
The summer winds is sniffin' round
the bloomin' locus' trees;
And the clover in the pastur' is a big
day for the bees,
And they been a-swingin' honey, above
board and on the sly,
Till they stutter in their buzzin', and
stagg~er as they fiy:
The fiick~er on the fence rail 'pears to
jest spit on his wings
And the hoss fly is a-whettin' up hisI
fore legs for biz,
And the off mare is a-switchin' all of
her tail, they is !
You can hear the blackbirds jawin' as
they foller up the plow
Oh, they're bound to get their break
fast, and they're not a-carin' how ;
So they quarrel in the furries, and they
quarrel on the wing
But they are peaceabler in pot pies than
any other thing ;
And it's when I get my shotgun
drawed up in steddy rest,
She's as full of tribbelation as ayaller
jacket's nest ;
And a few shot's before dinner, when
the sun's a-shinin' right,
Seem to kinder sorto sharpen up a tel
ler's appetite !
They's been a heap o' rain, but the
sun's out to-day,
And the clouds of the wet spell is all
'cleared away,
And the woods is all the greener, and
the grass is greener still;
It may rain again to-morry, but I don't
think it will.
Some say the crops is ruined, and the
corn's drowned out,
And propha-sy the wheat will be a
failure without doubt ;
But the ksind Providence that has
failed us yet,
Will be on hand onc't more at the
'leventh hour, I bet !
Does the medder lark complain, as he
swims high and dry
Through the waves of the wind and
the blue of the sky ?
Does the quail set up and whistle in a
disappoined way,
Er hang his head in silence, and sor
row all the day ?
Is the chipmucks's health a-fallin'?
Does hqwalk er koes he run ?
Don't the buzzards ooze around up
t bare jest like they've allus done ?
Is there anything the matter with
roostec's lungs er voice ?
Ort a mortal be complainin' when
dumb animals rejoice ?
Then let us, one and all, be contented
with our lot ;
The June is here this morning, and the
sun is shinin' hot.
Oh ! let us fill our hearts up with the
glory of the day.
And banish ev'rv doubt and care and
sorrow far away !
Whatever be your station, with Prov
idence for guide.
Such fine ciscumstances ort to make us
satisfied,
For the world is full of roses, and the
roses full of dew,
And the dew is full-of heavenly love
.that drips for me and you.
H ow to Get a Drink in Maine.
[From the Lewiston Journal.]
A Bangor man's directions to a stran
ger who wanted to find a rum shop
were:
' Go down Main street till you find a
window with two bottles of picklein
it, then enter and name your-poison."
Children who are 'trouQald with
worms may be quickly ed by
giving them Dr. J. H.2 'aLiqid
Uermifne. T; kdHis NAmerrim

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