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HORRIBLE RAILROAD WRECK. Twenty-Three Killed ia a Collision of a O?rnos Train. foe Elephant and Two Camels Killed Outright-Brakes Failed to Work. Durand, Mich., Aug. ".-Twenty three persons were killed in a collision early today in the Grand Trunk yards between two sections of Wa llace Broth? ers* Circus train. Seven of the dead are in the morgue unidentified. Over twenty were more or less seriously in? jured. Coroner Farrer- this afternoon empanelled a jury, "which viewed the remains and adjourned until August l?? when the inquest will be held. Following are the dead : James Mc? Carthy, trainmaster Grand Trunk Road, between Huron and Battle Creek A. W. Large, special officer Grand Trunk, Battle Creek; John Purcell, Peru, Ind, boss canvas man; Laie Larson, Cambridge, Ohio, six-horse team ari ver; G. Thomas, residence unknown, member of stake and chain gang; Harry St. Clair, residence un? known, reserved seat man ; John Leary, Springfield 111, boss of ring stock ; Andrew Howland,New York State, can? vas man; Frank Thorp, Dundee, Mich., trainmaster of circus train: Bobers Bice, residence unknown, .har? ness maker; George Smith, residence unknown, blacksmith ; James Toff el mire, Orient, Iowa t Charles Sands, Peru, Ind., driver; .Joe Wilson, Pitts? burg ; W. J. McCoy, Columbus, Ohio, canvas man, with a side show; Edward York, Terre Hute, Ind:; unknown man, driver of band wagon ; unknown man, home said to be. in Indianapolis, rider in circus ? races ; unknown man, j home said . to be. in Louisville, four horse drive?; unknown man, four horse driver ; unknowaman, suffocated to death; two unidentified men are also.dead at. the hospital. James S. Foley, of Detroit, special officer of the Grand Trunk, was seri? ously iajure?j and J. J. Meadow, of Anderson, S. C., was also among -the injured. HOW IT HAPPENED. The circus travels in two parts of about thirty-five cars each. After last night's exhibition at Charlotte the two trains left for Lapeer over the Grand Trunk Road, the second section leaving a half hour after the first It was 3.45 o'clock when the first section paned into the west end of the Grand Trunk yards here. A red light was hung on the rear car to stop the second section. Engineer Probst, of Battle Creek, who was running the engine) of the rear train, says he saw the light and applied the air brakes. He says, it refused to work. He re? versed his engine, but the momentum j of the heavy train behind was too great, and, with a crash that aroused all of the town near the yards, the two trains met. Three cars of the sta? tionary first section were telescoped and the engine and five cars of the moving train were demolished. The rear car of the first section was a caboose, in which the trainmen were sleeping, and the next two were filled with sleeping circus employees. The greatest loss of life was in the caboose. One of the wrecked cars of the second section was occupied by five elephants and several camels. One of the elephants and two camels were killed outright, while the other ani? mals and their trainer escaped. With the exception of this car none of the menagerie was wrecked, the other de? molished cars containing canvas or wagons, and there was comparatively little excitement among the wild ani? mals. As soon as they recovered from the first shock the trainers rushed "among the cages, quieting the few beast? that were excited. The ele? phants in the wrecked car behaved with surprising calmness and were led cut of the wreck without trouble. The escaping steam and screams and cries of those pinned in the wreck made a horrifying spectacle in the gray of the morning, when the trainmen in the yards and the aroused towns people first reached the scene. Many feared Tat first that some of the menagerie iiad escaped, as some of the animals could he heard crying. The fire alarm. "Was. immediately sounded and the whole town was aroused. The rescuers could see funortanates throughout the tangled wreckage and went furiously to work without waiting for tools to extricate them. A wrecking crew is kept in the yards here and it was on the scene in a very few minutes, bringing tools and equipment in plen? ty. All the physicians and trained nurses in town were sent for and those in near-by places were rushed to the scene on hand cars. The Hotel Rich? elieu was converted into a temporary hospital and scores of volunteers with stretchers were in readiness to carry the injured there as fast as the rescuers could extricate them. The dead, many of them so terribly mangled that iden? tification seemed well-nigh impossible, were carefully laid on the green sward, a short distance from the scene. Engineer Probst, Fireman Colter and Head Brakeman Benedict, who was also on the engine of the second section, all agree that if the brakes had worked as they ought to have when the engineer tried to use them there would have been no collision. Fireman Colter and Brakeman Bene? dict when they saw that a collision could not be avoided, jumped. Engi? neer Probst remained at his post, vain? ly trying to get the brake to work, until hi? train was within less than one hundred, feet of train No. 1. Then he, too, jumped when he was within but a very tow seconds of sure death in the crash. He was, of course, shaken up, as was the fireman and brakeman, but not badly. None of the crews of either tain was hurt. At the time the crash occurred, train No. 2 was Tunning probably fifteen miles an hour. > Taxing B. and L Associations. Columbia, Aug. 7.-Comptroller General Jones is quite anxious to dis? pose of the taxation o? ??building and loan associations. This matter has been hinging fire for a long while, ead tho associations throughout the State hilve been requested to make ?eir returns to the county auditors so as to decide the matter one way or the .other. All of the counties have sent in their returns with the exception of Charles ion county. Mr. Jones has written for the assessments of these associations. As soon as these returns nave bom received in the Comptroller General's office the matter will be .decided finally. THE GREAT SUGAR REFINERY. Chance For Charlestonians With Money to Invest in a Big Mil? lion Dollar Plant. Charleston, Aug. 7.-Mr. B. Roman held another conference today with the business men in regard to the lo? cation of a plant in Charleston by the Carolina and Western Independent Re? fining company with which he is con? nected. A meeting will be held on Monday when matters will be definite? ly concluded. Mr. Roman wants Charleston capitalists to put up $500, - OOO, one half of the proposed capitaliz? ation of tlie proposed concern. The plant will have an output of 300 tons of sugar<3aily, and employ a large number of hands. On account of Charleston's splendid geographical advantages, be? ing near to Cuba, Puerto Rico and Central American countries, where the supply of raw sugar is inexhausti? ble, it is argued that the refinery can be made a great success. The loca? tion for the distribution of the finish? ed product is declaied to be excellent and it is certain that the buisness people will meet Mr. Roman in a fair spirit TOURIST LAMfiS "FLEECED. Gamblers are Reaping a Harvest On Lake Erie, Karon and Superior. A special dispatch from Toronto tells this story : Gambling on the passenger vessels of the Great Lakes has reached big proportions in recent years during the tourist season. Kow it is at its height, since traine ri very heavy. Canadians are inclined to attribute the increasing vice to the Americans who have overrun Canada in recent years? They and the tourists from the States are held responsible for the gambling on the packet vessels of Ontario, Erie, Huron and Superior. The card games are much in evi? dence on the passenger vessels plying between Canadian ports on Huron and Superior. While there is not the glamor around the lake vessels and their card games that s arro an dei. the old lower Mississippi boats, money ia plentiful among the lake card players, and some big; "pots" are raked in by the fortuntae gamblers. Poker is almost the invariable rule. From the West has come the custom of paying with two decks, using the joker as a fifth aa-, and to fill flushes and straights. This facilitates cheating to an alarming degree. It also makes the game fast? er. The cheats usu?lly work in pairs, and if there are but six in the game, which is the rule, it becomes mere child's play for experts to clean out the gamesters who are not wise. If there are six in the game, the two cheaters do not resort to the run up of hands, such, for instance, as shuffling, up three of a kind so ?hat they will fall to a certain player, and the cheat will at the same time get three aces or a small flush. They use the old count down. It is simple, and has been worked by cheats wherev-" er the great American game has been playedL The cheaters sit opposite each other. That leaves two plays between them. The cards are cut to the left, where two decks are used. That brings each cheater into position where he cnts the deck his partner has shuffled. In shuffling the cheats see to it with their dexterity that a set of three of a kind is left in the deck immediately under the first thirty cards to come off. This is especially easy where six are play? ing and the six hands are dealt around. The pot (for all are jackpots) is open? ed, and no player stays. Even where several' draw cards it is a matter of simple calculation to leave the deck, after being shuffled, with a set of three of a kind under the top 30. Then when the man to the right of the cheat picks up the deck, after being shuffled, and it is passed to the cheat on the left to cut, he makes a false cut, and the innocent dealer hands the cards out, according to the way th^y have been counted down. The crooked play comes when the pot is opened. The cheat tc the left of the dealer knows when he draws cards a set of three of a kind must come to him. The rule is to, when possible, count down three face cards. Therefore, if the cheat has a pair of any kind he immediately raises the opener, knowing he must come ont with a full. If he has not a pair he holds up two face cards, or even one, in the hope that fie may come out with four of a kind. But these games are pretty fast, and three of a kind al? ways in the hole, as the term is, makes a clean-up for the crooks. Un? less a man knows what it as he can? not, of course, appreciate for a minute what is going on. The best one of the ordinary players in these boat games can get is the worst of it, but they get wise very slowly and seldom come over the same route twice. Most of these card sharps are Americans, but the young English? men and other tourists are anxious to be initiated into the mysteries of draw poker and they are . not hard losers. Only when the cheats get desperate and cold deck some man for a large amount does trouble follow. The cheat understands this point and seldom re? sorts to it. It is the rule they ob? serve never to beat a big hand for a "producer," but to gi ve him a run for his money. The World's Visible Supply. New Orleans, La., Aug. 7.-Secre? tary Hester's statement of the worlds visible supply of cotton, issued today, shows the total visible to be 1,567, 843 bales, against 1,687,823 last week and 1,635,120 last year. Of this the total of American cotton is 742,843 bales, against 822,823 last week and 990,120 last year, and of all other kinds, including Egypt, Brazil, India, etc., 825,000 bales, against 859, 000 last week and 645,000 last year. Of the world's visible supply there is now afloat and held in Great Britain and Continental Europe 833,000 bales, against 960,000 last year; in Egypt, 12,000 bales, against 50,000 last year ; in India, 493,000 bales, aganist 384,000 last vear and in the United States j 230,000 bales against 241,000 last yea* 1 GREAT TARHEEL EMBEZZLER. The Shortage of Thomas F. Dewey Will Reach $125,000. Newbern, N. C., August 7.-The shortage of Thos. W. Dewey, abscond? ing cashier of the Farmers' and Mer? chants' Bank, of this city, proves to be $125,000, said to be the largest em? bezzlement in the history of the State. The reward for Dewey's captare has been increased to $5,000. Dewey left only $1,300 in cash in the bank and $1,000 in gold. Gambling in cotton futures is one way in which the mon? ey went. For a time he very skilful? ly hid his embezzlements by false en? tries. July 29, State Bank Examiner Ellington examined the bank, and as the books indicated irregularities, he immediately made inquiries of their correspondents and the first reply re cieved disclosed a shortage of $10,000. Examiner Ellington returned to New? born at once and wired the other ; banks, asking their balances. It was thought at first by the directors and the examiner that the shortage would not exceed $30,000, but when replies to telegrams showed a shortage of $69,000 in the accounts the bank was compelled to suspend. The shortage has steadily increased to $125,000. Cashier Dewey anticipating the dis ; closures, left Newbern Saturday even? ing, ostensibly on personal business, to return Monday. He was last heard from on a Seaboard Air Line train go? ing North, from which he mailed let? ters to his brother, Charles Dewey, of Goldsboro, and to Governor Aycock, telling of his shortage, expressing re? gret for his betrayal of the trust re? posed in him and saying he was leav? ing for parts unknown: Mr. Ellington finished his work to? day and turned the books over to Re? ceiver Thomas Daniel, who will pro? ceed to settle the affairs of the defunct bank. Dewey is 5 feet^ 6 inches tall; weighs 135 pounds is of dark com? plexion, with dark hair and eyes and was smooth shaven when he left here. FLEW A QUARTER OF A MILE. The Langley Air Ship Model at Wide Water, Va. Wide Water, Va., August 8.--A part? ly sucessful experiment with the fif? teen foot Langley air ship was made this morning from the house boat in the Potomac River, off this point. The aerodrome started well in a straight line south with a velocity of seventy feet per second and flew for a distance variously estimated at from four to six hundred yards.; Some de? flection in, the wings soon after the launching caused her to take a down ward course, which she followed rapid? ly, and was impelled into the water under the full power of her engine. There as sufficient steam generated for a rapid flight of a half or threee-quar tres of a mile. Under the full pressure of this force the machine struck the water and a moment more bad disap? peared from view. The machine was recovered. It was considerably dam? aged. The machine was taken to the house boat, where extensive repairs will have to be made before another test can be made. At a given signal the model was dis? patched on it voyage. The launching car was pulled back to the leeward of the superstructure and sent forward on its track at a rapid velocity. ,When the windward end was reached the machine shot forth. A beter launch? ing could not have been desired. The Smithsonian scientists believed that the highest hopes were about to be realized, but after the first few seconds of flight the wings were deflected and the flying machine went downward un? til her course was ended on the bot? tom of the Potomac. She was travel? ling at a rate of about forty miles an hour. When the machine was raised from the water a workman attempted to cover it with a cloth, but for a long time was unsuccessful. Its mechanism and dimensions were plainly seen from the press boat, twenty-feet away. It was equipped with four wings, two on each side, about four by six feet, made of the finest oil silk and held upon delicate wooden rods. The wings were shaped like a tent. The body consisted of an intricate arrangement of fine steel rods, with cylinders, motor and boilers carefully balanced. Between the two sets of wings were situated the propellers, two in num? ber, equipped with two blades. The steering gear was situated at the rear and was constructed from material like the wings. The motor is sup? posed to generate something in excess of two-horse power. Several photo? graphs were secured of the machine in flight. The wind against which it flew was about four miles an hour. Chief Assistant Manley, of the Leangley expedition, made the follow? ing statement: " The experiment was entirely suc? cessful. All the data which this machine was designed to furnish were obtained. The equilibrium was per? fect, the power adequate and the sup? porting surface ample. No accident occurred. Some of the woodwork of the wings and radder was slightly damaged by the grapping hooks used in taking the aerodrome from the water, but no essential parts were in jared. Were another test desired this afternoon the same machine could be used. I have nothing further to say at present. 1 shall make a full report of the test to Secretary Langley." Puritan Stole From Preachers. Boston, Aug. 7.-In a letter writ? ten last Tuesday from Montreal to the pastor of his church in East Boston, Willard S. Allen, treasurer of the Preachers' Aid Society, of the New England Confreence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, confessed that he was a defaulter to the amount of more than $80,000 of the society's funds. Mr. Allen has been treasurer of the society for twelve years and clerk of the East Boston District Court for twenty-nine years, and for sixteen years was a prominent member of the school committee of Boston. He left home about a week ago, without an? nouncing Iiis destination, and the first heard from him was the letter to the East Boston clergymen. Mr. Allen said that he lost the money in specula? tion. He requests the minister to notify the members of the Allen family and the officers of the society of his confession. ROOSEVELT ON LYNCHING. He Commends the Course of Gov. Durbin, of illinois. He Says That the Law and the Administration of the Law Should be Such as to Insure The Prompt Punishment of ail Criminals and Thus Take Away ail Excuse for a Resort to Mob Law. Oyster Bay, N. Y., Aug. 9.-In a letter, the publication of which was authorized today, President Roose? velt commends Governor Durbin, of Indiana, for the attitude he assumed recently respecting lynching. The President also embraces the opportuni? ty to express his own views in refer ence to lynching and mob violence, generally, pointing out that mob viol? ence is merely one form of anarchy and that anarchy is the forerunner of tyranny, j The President viogrously urges that the penalty for that crime which most frequently induces a resort to lynching shall be applied swiftly and surely, but by due process of the Courts, so that it may be demonstrat? ed "that the law is adequate to deal with crime by freeing it from every vestige of technicality and delay." President Roosevelt's letter in full to Governor Durbin follows : Oyster Bay, N. Y., Aug. 6, 1903. My Dear Governor Durbin : Permit me to thank you, as an American citizen, for the admirable way in which you have vindicated the majesty of the law by your recent action in reference to lynching. I feel, my dear sir, that you have made all men your debtors who believe, as all farseeing men must, that the well-being, indeed, the very existence, of the republic de? pends upon that spirit of orderly iiber ty under the law which is as incom? patible with mob violence as with any | form of despotism. Of course mob violence is simply one form of anarchy and anarchy is now, as it always has been, the handmaiden and forerunner of tyranny. I feel that you have not only reflect? ed honor upon the State which for its good fortune has you as its Chief Ex? ecutive, but upon the whole nation. It is incumbent upon every man throughout this contry, not only to hold up your hands in the course you have been following, but to show his realization that the matter is one of vital concern to us alL All thoughtful men must feel the gravest alarm over the growth of lynch? ing in this country and especially over the peculiarly hideous forms so often taken by mob violence when colored men are the victims-on which oc? casions the mob seems to lay most weight, not on the crime, but on the color of the cri minah In a certain proportion of these cases the man lynched has been guilty of a crime horrible beyond description, a crime so horrible that as far as he himself is concerned he has forfeited the right to any kind of sympathy whatsoever. The feeling of all good citizens that such a hideous crime shall not be hideously punished by mob violence is due not in the least to sympathy for the cri? minal, but to a lively sense of the train of dreadful consequences which follow the course taken by the mob in exacting inhuman vengeance for an inhuman wrong. In such cases, more? over, it is well to remember that the criminal not merely sins against humanity in inexpiable and unpar? donable fashion, but sins particularly against his own race, and does them a wrong far greater than any white man can possibly do them. There? fore, in such cases, the colored people throughout the land should in every possible way show their belief that, they, more than all others in the com? munity, are horrified at the commis? sion of such a crime, and men- who have been guilty of a crime like rape or murder should be visited with swift and certain punishment, and the just efforts made by the Courts to protect them in their rights should under no circumstances be perverted into per? mitting any mere technicality to avert or delay their punishment. The sub? stantial rights of the prisoner, to a fair trial, of course, must be guaranteed, as you have so justly insisted that they should be, but, sub? ject to this guarantee, the law must work swiftly and surely, and all agents of the law should realize the wrong . they do when they permit justice to be delayed or thwarted for technical or insufficient reasons. We must show that the law is adequate to deal with crime by freeing it from every vestige of technicality and delay. But the fullest recognition of the horror of the crime and the most com? plete lack of sympathy with the cri? minal cannot in the least dim: iah our horror at the way in which it has be? come customary to avenge these crimes and at the consequences that are al? ready proceeding therefrom. It is, of course, inevitable that where vengeance is taken by a mob it should frequently light on innocent people, and the wrong done in such a case of the individual is one for which there is no remedy. But even where the real criminal is reached the wrong done by the mob to the commnnity iself is well nigh as great. Especial? ly is this true where the lynching is accompanied with torture. There are certain hideous sights which when once seen can never be wholly erased from the mental retina. The mere fact of having seen them impiles de? gradation. This is a thousand-fold stronger when instead of merely seeing the deed, the man has participated in it. Who ever in any part of our country has ever taken part in lawless? ly puttiag to death a criminal by the dreadful torture of fire, must forever after have the awful spectacle of his own handwork seared into Iiis brain and soul. He can never again be the same man. This matter of lynching would be a terrible thing even if it stopped with the lynching of men guilty of the in? human and hideous crime of rape but, as a matter of fact, lawlessness of this type never does stop and never can stop in such fashion. Every violent man in the community is encouraged by every case of lynching in which the lynchers go unpunished, to himself take the law into his own hands when? ever it suits his own convenience. In the same way the use of torture by the mob in certain cases is sure to spread until it is applied more or less indiscriminately in other cases. The spirit ol' lawlessness grows with what it feeds on, and when mobs with im? punity lynch criminals for one cause, they are certain to begin to lynch real or alleged criminals for other causes. In the recent cases of lynching over three-fourths were not for rape at all, but for murder, attempted murder and even less heinous offences. More? over the history of these recent cases shows ':;he awful fact that when the minds of men are habituated to the use of torture by lawless bodies to avenge crimes of a peculiarly revolt? ing description, other lawless bodies will use torture in order to punish crimes of an ordinary type. Surely no patriot can fail to see the fearful brutal?2;ation and debasement which the indulgence of such a spirit and such practices inevitably portend. Surely all public men, all "writers for the daily press, all clergymen, all teachers?, all who in any way have a right to address the public, should with every energy unite to denounce such crimes and to support those en? gaged ia putting them down. As a people we claim the right to speak with peculiar emphasis for freedom and for treatment Of all men, without regard to differences of race, fortune, creed or color. We forfeit the right to speak when we commit or condone such cri mes as these of which I speak. The nation, like the individual, cannot commit a crime with impun? ity. If we are guilty of lawlessness and brutal violence, whether our guilt consists in active participation therein or in mere connivance and en? couragement, we shall assuredly suffer later on because of what we have done. The corner-stone of this republic, as of all fiee governments, is respect for and obedience to the law. When we permit the law to be defied or evaded, whethe:r by rich man or poor man, by blackman or white, we are by just so much weakening the bonds of our civilization and increasing the chances of its overthrow and of the substitu? tion therefor' of a system in which there shall be violent alternations of anarchy and tyranny.' Sincerely yours. Theoore Roosevelt. Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana, Indianapolis Indiana. GEN. MI?JES R?TIRE0. A Number of Changes Follow His designation. Washington, ?ug. 7.-Lieut. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, commanding the army, will retire .from active service at noon tomorrow having reached the age limit of 64 years. The following order was prepared today and will be issue tomorrow : Washington,:Aug. 8, 1903. The retirement from active service by the president, Aug. 8, 1903, of Lieut. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, United States army, by operation of law, un? der the provisions of the act of con? gress approved June 30, 1882, is an? nounced. Lieut. Gen. Miles will proceed to his home. The travel enjoined is necessary for the public service. H. C. Corbin, Adjt.. Gen. Maj. Gen. U. S. A. By order of secretary of war. Several other orders resulting from the retirement of |Gen.? Miles have been issued, one assigning Lieut. Gen.. Young to the command of the army until Aug. 15, when he will as? sume the duties of chief of staff ; an? other assigning Maj. Gen. Corbin as president of the soldiers' home board, another Brig. Gen. Gillespie as pres? ident of the board of ordnance and fortifications and still another assign? ing Lieut. Gen. Young as a member of the Sherman statue commission. SENATOR TILLMAN NOT LOST. St. Louis, Mo., August 7.-Senator Benjamin R. Tillman, of South Caro? lina, remained in St. Louis today, and while here he reported at the local offices of various railroads and express companies the loss of a wallet filled with passes, express franks and other money-savers. It was reported that the Senator had been robbed on a train, but he denied the story at the South? ern Hotel. "They fell out of my pock elt," he said, "and I did not notice it at the time. They were not taken by a pickpocket that I know. One of the passes I lost was over the Burling? ton Railroad and I guess I dropped it at Kansas City. It was in a pocket? book that had a lot of express com? pany franks and telegraph franks and other railroad passes, and all that kind of stuff. But I had not used the Burlington pass." Senator Tillman who asked if it was not unusual for bim to accept such favors from corporations, and he re? plied: "How can I help accepting them ; they stick them at me, and stick them at me until I just have to take them. They don't influence my vote. It is different down in our country from what it is up here. You haven't heard of anybody being bought with thousand dollar bills down four way, have you? It's the custom for all pub? lic men to accept passes and most of us are slaves to custom." Senator Tillman left tonight to resume a lecturing . tour, accompanied by Sen? ator Burton, of Kansas.-News and Courier. No More Civilian Lieutenants. Columbia, Aug. 7.-For some tims young men who apply to the war de? partment for commissions as second lieutenants, have recieved letters of re? commendation from Governor Hey ward.# He, today received a letter from Adjt. Gen. H. C. Corbin, saying that it is entirely probable that there will be no further appointments to the grade of second lieutenants from civil life in the near future, as the large classes that are being graduated from the United States Military Academy and the number of legally qualified enlisted men will probably be suffi? cient to fill all vacancies in this grade. Jacksonville, Fla., Aug. 7.-Frank Roberson, colored was hanged here this morning at 10 o'clock for the murder of Deputy Sheriff Sadler, at Pablo Beacii four years ago. Two other negroes. Ed Love and Frank Carter, who were sentenced to hang at the same time, had their sentence commuted to life imprisonment at the last moment byjthe State board of par? dons. ? 4 -_J_ THE POPES PIUS. Rame of New Pontiff Has Been Prominent in Papal History. The name of Pins, says The New York Evening Post, has already figur? ed largely in church history. Pius II (Piccolomini of Siena, 1458-1464) was one of the most picturesque and inter? esting figures of the Italian Renais? sance. Of him it has been said that "his character reflects almost every tendency of the age in which he lived. Pius V (1556-157*2), a famous Domini? can theologian, has the further dis? tinction of being the last Pope to be canonized. Pius VII (1800-1823), by a^ singular coincidence, was elected in Venice, in the island church of San Giorgio Maggiore. The centenary of this was celebrated with great pomp in 1900, a circumstance which may have some connection with the choice of a title the new Pope has just made. It was also Pius VII who crowned Napoleon at Notre Dame, and who was subsequently imprisoned and dis? gracefully treated by him. However, he lived tc see the collapse of the Napoleonic system and to return in triump to Rome. Pius VIII (1289-1830) is now but little remembered. On tlie other hand, the unhappy career of Pins IX (1846-1878) is too well known to dwell on here. His reign was the longest in all church history, and one of the most disastrous. Pius X now takes up his great office with every prospect of a paceful reign and the world at large will cordially wish him a long one. COTTON. Of the cotton spindles in the world ! the United States has one-fifth, Great Britain has more than two-fifths, the Continent all the rest except about 7 per cent Yet vast as are our manu? factures we export almost two bales for every one we spin. Cotton is the one and only great dis? tinctively American "staple." For six years we have produced three fourths of the cotton of the world. And we have sold abroad more than one half of the world's cotton consumption. The resulting cash inflow has been enormous. In six years the world's cotton sur? plus has run above deficit by 12,000 bales, one fifth of one per cent. In three of the six years there has been a shortage. This year another short crop, following upon one in 1902, has been made the occasion of an idiotic "corner," destructive of a great in? dustry, driving the price to fifteen ? cents, against a six-year average of less than eight cents, and closing foreign mills, as well as our own, to our product. What is the result? This question the rceent consular report upon the "French Cotton Crisis" answers. The British East Indian, Egyptian and Brazilian crop last year was larger than ever before. Ours was smaller than in*lS99 by almost a million bales. Germany sturdily experiments with cotton-growing in East Africa. The British Cotton-Growing Associtaion plans to spend $250,000 on similar ex? periments under the auspices of the Colonial Office, on the theory that "it is madness to depend on America for cotton. ' ' The French have founded a Colonial Cotton ssociation for similar experiments in Nigeria. Our Southern States are not the only place in the world where cotton will grow. Africa, as Egypt has proved, can produce a splendid fibre. ? speculative "c?rner" can give to the effort to supplant our staple more im? petus than five years of ordinary trace. And there is no way apparent to check the madness.-New York World. Colonists for South Carolina. Fall River, Mass, Aug. 8.-The an? nouncement was made today that In? dustrial Agent Richards of the South? ern railway will be in this city Mon? day night to sign the necessary papers for the transportation of a large num? ber of colonists to South Carolina from Fall River and New Bedford. By this action real progress will be made in the proposed colonization of the land adapted to farming, near Spencerville, S. C. Emigration parties will start in the latter part of September or early in October. Better Than Lynching. Henderson, Texas, Aug. ' 8.-Isham Strong, the nergo surrendered last night by a mob, which had taken him from the officers for the purpose of lynching him, was indicted today and placed on trial for attempted criminal assault. He pleaded guilty and was sentenced to imprisonment for 99 years, fie was taken to the penitentiary this afternoon. This afternoon, shortly, after the conviction of Strong, a negro, named Emanuel Thompson, was brought in from Mount Enterprise, where he had attempted to assault a Miss Sparks. He was hurried to the Court House, an indictment was returned and the trial proceeded with at once. The jury returned a verdict of guilty and fixed the penalty at 99 years' impriosnment. He will be taken to the penitentiary tomorrow. Seneca, Oconee County, Aug. 7. Pauline Anderson, a little girl, while in the second story of the new hotel now being built here, accidentally fell late yesterday afternoon. The fall may prove fatal, as she is in an un? conscious condition this evening. The fall was something like sixty feet, breaking sveral ribs. Her back was seriously injured. Charlotte, N. C., Aug. 7.-Serious trouble between negroes and whites is threatened at Henrietta, the location of one of the largest cotton mills in North Carolina. Otis Bird and Virgil Cudd, negroes, were cut last night and the former will die. The cause of the trouble was the alleged disturbance of a colored meeting by whites and the cursing of a white boy by a negro. An armed crowd of negroes was dispersed by the extra force of policemen on duty but more trouble is expected. Elloree, Aug. 6.-Mrs. Daniel Irick of this place gave birth last night to three daughters, weighing 4 and 3 pounds each. The babies are fully developed, bright, healthy looking little fellows. The mother and chil? dren are ail doing well.