Newspaper Page Text
Two Sailors Sacrificed to Save Sub
marine Crew
Stoc&holm, August 21?Two men
-were drowned from a submarine
under singular circumstances dur
ing the recent Swedish coastal
fleet manouvres. They were really
sacrificed to ensure the safety of
the whole crew.
The submarine Illern, it appears;
fired a torpedo at a movable target
and then came to the surface in
order to see the effect produced.
' Four of the crew came on deck,
but trouble suddenly appeared, in
the ballast tank, and the comman
der immediately closed the hatch
and submerged, leaving the four
to their own resources.
Three of the men were washed off
the deck, hut the fourth clung to
the submarine's periscope.. The
submarine rose again quickly and j
this man was rescued. Two of the*'
men in the water, including the son ]
of Admiral Ancarerona. were;
caught in the wash of the bat
tleship Sverige and drowned. The
other man was picked up by a naval
cutter.
It is reported that the entire
crew of the submarine would prob
ably have been lost if the com
mander had failed to submerge
immediately the trouble was dis j
covered.
Kifle Shooting Contests Stimulate
Actual Warfare
Aldershot, August 23?The com- j
plaint is made of rifle shooting!
competition, not without reason,
that they afford'little practice in!
marksmanship under conditions;
that approximate those of actual!
warfare, and that "proficiency in j
the kind . of shooting that winsj
prizes is not the sort of shooting]
that is most needed to win battles.!
To meet this criticism the Company j
Cup competition was devised.
The idea underlying this com- j
petition, is that an putport of nine
men, under a nqn-cOmmissioned of
ficer, is suddenly stacked by an]
equal number of hostile force, rep- j
resented by nine 12 inch khaki j
discs, which appear over the top of i
a trench 20 ? yards away.
The outpost opens fire and when j
a disc is hit it disappears. Butj
more of the enemy is conshmtly ar- i
riving, three more discs appearing.*
every ten seconds during the minute;
the contest is being waged. When:
the number of discs in view exceeds;
that of the outpost, the whole team
is put out of action. The team
with the fewer number of discs ex-1
posed at the end of'the minute,
win3. It is a most interesting meth-j
od of competition, and it has at- j
tracted a large number of entries.1
Columbia Theological Seminary j
The Columbia Theological Semi-,
nary, under the joint-control of the
synods of South'Carolina. Georgia !
and Florida of the Southern Pres- j
byterian church, will open on
Wednesday. September 20th. at five!
- o'clock in the afternoon. The pros- |
pects" for a full junior class is very'
promising. It will be one of the!
largest classes matriculated in >
many years. The total enrollment;
for the coming session will be about j
: seventy students. Practically every!
member of the student body has;
been engaged in some form of reli-!
gious work during the past sum- j
mer. They have filled vacant pul- j
pits in many of our groups and the;
report comes of many accessions to
&ax church membership through I
their efforts. Their services extend '
from Virginia to Alabama and ]
Mississippi.
The Faculty for the coming sea- j
son will be unchanged. At the \
present time, every member is in j
splendid healt^and spirit for the j
work of the cominsr winter. Each I
has spent a busy summer.
Dr. Wells, the ^president, in ad
dition to looking after the inter-1
ests of the Seminary, has filled :
many engagements at our Bible j
-conferences, and preached practi-;
cally every Sunday.
Dr. McPheeters has spent a quiet {
summer at his residence in Char- '
iotte. X. C.
Dr. Reed has filled a number of i
engagements at our Bible confer-!
fences and has preached practically !
every Sunday during the summer.
Dr. White has spent his vaca-l
tion at his residence in Richmond,
Va.. filling the pulpits of the Rich- J
mond churches for a number o?
Sundays.
Dr. Melton Clark has spent a
very busy summer delivering a se
ries of lectures at our Bible con- j
ferences in Florida. Montreat and j
Georgia.
Dr. Green delivered a series
of lectures at the Christian Work- j
er's Conference of the South Caro- j
Una synod at Clinton.
Dr. Kerr spent several weeks in!
study at the University of Chicago, j
Mr. Murchison has been kept
busy for the most part in super
intending the improvements on the!
campus and filling a preaching en- ,
gagement in Haddonfield, New Jer
sey.
Altogether, it has been a sum
mer filled with fruitful activity for
the church by the entire faculty.
The new students as well as the j
old will be delighted to know of the
improvements which have been j
made on the campus during the;
past summer. A nice new dining
room has been completed and the
kitchen and pantries greatly im
proved to add to the efficiency of
the dining department. The old
dining-room, to which the new is]
attached, will be used for a read-sM
Ing and recreation room by the
students. The dormitories have i
all been freshened up with calso-j
mine and paint, and lavatories with
hot and cold water placed between
each suite of rooms. The beds and '
other comforts will be new and
fresh for the incoming students. I
fn addition to the old dormitories,
a nice residence has been rented
and is located just across the street
from the refectory to care for the \
additional students, in order to be ?
able to give each student a sep
arate rooms if so desired.
All polished x&an don't shine.
Glamor of London's Chinatown Has
Gone
London, August 22?London's
j Chinatown is fast disappearing.
; Four years ago 2,000 Chinese sea
| men _were living within a stone's
j throw of the West India Dock
j gates. Xow it is doubtful whether
j there are 700, says the Daily Times.
During the war London's China
j town Had its most prosperous days,
; for quite^a number of British ships
I were manned by Chinese crews,
i But when the war ended the edict
j went forth "British crews for Brit
iish ships." and as the Chinamen
; were paid off they either went back
; to China, or to some other country
' where their labor was in demand.
The result was that Chinese
traders in Chinatown began to suf
fer, and one after another had to
j put up their shutters. Then sud
? denly there came a boom. A beau
tiful actress died while attending an j
opium smoking party. Stories were j
printed about the thrills to be ex-j
perienced in Chinese opium densi
and public attention was focused on.]
the sinister alleys and by ways of j
Chinatown. Restaurants in which j
Chinese dishes could be obtained j
opened here and there in China- j
town. Many Americans visited them j
to see how they compared with'
?similar places in their own China- j
town and curiosity led a number of
English folk and various European j
visitors to do likewise. At night
they were often filled to overflow
ing.
^Commercially minded Orientals
invested their money~in the exploit
ation of what was a new craze and
for a time they prospered exceed
ingly. But gradually the novelty
wore off, the glamor faded, and i
people came to the conclusion that J
there was all sorts of cooking that j
was much nicer than Chinese cook- i
ing. Visitors became fewer and ;
fewer and now there are only one or j
two shabby restaurants left in Lon- i
don's Chinatown. What remain's j
of it is but a shadow of its former !
self. \ 1
Seekers of El Dorado Dragged,
Robbed and Abandoned!
Havana, Cuba, Aug. 28.?Nine j
emigrants from Central Europe j
and' one from China recently paid j
$150 each for a 10-hour,motor boat \
ride, a cup .of drugged coffee and j
and the privilege of footing it "35;
miles back to Havana after being
robbed of $1,500.
According to the story they told J
the police, three men agreed to '?
land them "on the "Florida coast!
without bothering the American
immigration authorities.' Boardings
a motor boat at dusk near Maria
nab they put to sea. At dawn the j
next day, after several hours deep s
slumber brought on by what they j
believe wias drugged coffee, they i
were landed in a desolate cove, j
told they were on American soil, j
left to shift for thmeselves after j
all their cash and valuables had
been taken at the pioht'of a pistol.
A little scouting located the Cuban I
village of Jibacoa and a rural'
guard who pointed out the road ;
to Havana. j
The police are holding a man j
who says he is an American, and]
a Cuban, charged as principals; ]
the third man has not yet been ,
found.
English Women Campaigning For!
More Seats iu Parliament.
_ -j
London, Aug. 23?The women j
of England are preparing an in-<j
tensive campaign with a view to j
securing more woman merrtbers of;J
parliament. They are quite satis- j
fled with Lady Astor and "Mrs.j
Wintringham, but they want more!
women in the House of Commons to j
keep these two from feeling lone- j
some. They have now formed a i
committee to embrace all parties ]
?except th* Communist. They call
it the Women's Election Commit
tee. Any one who sends along,
more than a pound can have it j
earmarked for the support of a >
candidate for any particular party. ?
The Duchess of Atholl has her j
eye on a seat and although her j
aristocratic friends are trying to j
dissuaded her from engaging in-an
electoral contest, it is understood
she is preparing to stand for the j
parliamentary vacancy that will]
occur if the expected promotion of i
the Lord Advocate to the Scottish
Beneh takes place.
Robert Cecil Says Fear Breeds:
Wars.
London, Aug. 25.?"When we 1
c ome to analyze the situation close- j
ly we. find that the fear of war is'
the beginning of unwisdom," said j
Lord Robert Cecil recently discuss
ing conditions in Europe. "Russia's;
apprehensions have been translated j
into vast armies withdrawn from '
reproductive work ill-fed, ill-!
clothed, ill-disciplined, and conse- j
quently a greater menace to their
friends or fellow-citizens than to ?
their enemies.
"In France the fear of war has
led to the establishment of those!
armies of occupation on the Rhine j
that are costing bankrupt Germany
more than a million pounds a week j
?more than two thousand million J
marks.
"Fear of war is leading a section j
of public opinion in England to
demand a vastly increased air ser- I
vice, and still further concentration !
upon scientific methods of slaugh
ter. In all directions we find that
knowledge is still harnessed to de- ;
struction; that the readiest means:
of money making is to invent some- 1
thirty that can destroy life and the
products of life-energy faster
than nature can replace them. Be
hind all these manifestations lies !
fear.''
? m ?
Summer romances are dangerous.
They may become serious.
foal and the coal situation are
about the same color.
There can be no universal peace
while neighbors have phonographs.
People born boys seldom outgrow
it. Harding says he would like to
ride on a roller coaster. 1
England Stow in Organizing Radio
Broadcasting
London. August 23?England has
been struggling hard to initiate
something like a system of wireless
broadcasting, based on American
lines. The Post mast er-General has
[announced in Parliament that no
licenses yet had been issued to
[ broadcasting stations, but it was the
[plan of the manufacturers of wire
} less apparatus in Great Britain to
form companies to provide broad
casting service. Any bona fide man
ufacturer, he said, would be ad
mitted to the organization.
"I have been informed." said the!
j Postmaster-General, "that the!
broadcasting companies, when;
formed, will probably desire to im- j
pose on their members the condi- j
tion that Britih-made- apparatus j
only shall be-sold by them, and Ij
have iniimated that * I will assent I
to this condition for a period of j
two years. It will rest with mem- ;
bership of the companies to deter- j
mine to what extent this condition
shall apply to the component parts j
{ of the apparatus.
[ "The functions of the Postoffice j
! will be limited to approving types j
! submitted by members of the com- j
I pany, and inspection of individual;
! sets will not be necessary. Provi- !
sion.w\ll be made under which ama- j
[ teurs who construct their own re- j
j ceiving sets, and licensees* who;
have already imported receiving,
i sets, will be allowed to use them." ;
The Postmaster-General "said thej
j revenue required for broadcasting j
'would be derived partly from a
i contribution'by the manufacturers
to the company on each set sold
by them, and partly by a proportion
of the annual .license fee which j
would be paid the companies fur-J
nishing the service. The cost ofj
erecting the stations and providing,
the service, he added, would run In
to millons, and he had received no j
intimation from any firm that they j
were willing to undertake it without |
guarantee of payment from the I
government,
Canning Figs a Coming Important j
Commodity
The increased acreage which has j
been planted to figs in California j
during the past few years, in which j
the new- acreage ? is ?o very large \
proportionately to the ? previous!
acreage, makes it inevitable that ;
there will in a few years be a tre- ?
mendously larger output of figs, in :
this state*than we have ever had. i
As against a probable bearing ac- j
reage of a little over ,12,00? in figs ;
now, there are between 3$,000 and j
40,000 acres of., nonbearing trees j
in the state, of this variety. We|
should consequently have, if the old j
acreage is'>kept up, a production,
within . few years of four times as j
many.figs as we have been having, j
One answer^to the question. "What j
are we going to do with them,** isj
"canned figs." The fanning of .figs
has been under very active consid
eration repently. and .nufny cannersj
here haveheen preparing to put out!
in the near future a material pack
of canned figs. There may be some !
good sized business in this this!
year.
This will be in addition to the j
preserved figs of the Kadota and '
other such varieties. The Cali- j
myrnas will be used largely for1
canning. It is predicted that Cal
ifornia canned figs, put up in syrup, J
will in a few years be as common ?
a. commodity as canned apricots,'
peaches or.cherries. Preserved figs
in heavy syrup will also be in ample j
evidence -at the grocery stores.' Cal- !
ifornia has a practical monopoly!
on this situation, and whereas, be- j
cause of the difficulty of shipping |
fresh any distance and the restrict- J
ed area in which figs are produced.!
many people have never seen a fig'
other than the dried, they will
shortly be able to enjoy the can- ,
ned whole fig. .
The Kings County-Packing Co., j
of Armona. Cal., along with other
canners here, has been giving con- ;
siderable attention to the preserv- j
ing of figs through canning, also |
fig jam a?d a line of syrup from j
figs not available for canning j
whole. This company, advises of [
making good progress with thes* j
lines. Other canners. as well as j
the California Peach and Fig j
Growers, are developing the fig |
canning and preserving possibiji- j
ties. The trade may expect to find i
products on the market in quantity j
in the near future.?California !
Exchange.
-? ? ?
Cubans, Wailing for. a "Tiger Cat'* j
From General Crowder
I
Havana. Cuba, Aug. 28.?Nearly
as many editorial comments were j
aroused by the fact that the ill;
omened number "13" appeared on !
the last Crowder memorandum as j
resulted from the note's sugges- j
tions for radical financial and ju- '
dieial reforms.
But Cuban superstition has]
fraught the expected appearance of!
Memorandum No. 14 with dread
ful possibilities. For gambling!
purposes in Cuba, every number!
from 1 to 99 has a name. Thir-i
teen is tin* peacock. Naturally a!
note of arroganee and pride was
discerned in the requests contained
in the last memorandum. But 14 j
is the tiger cat. There are few who
do not believe that Crowder .Mem-\
oradnum No. 14. if it ever is writ-j
ten, will have teeth, claws and a
peevish disposition. The fact that
congress has not acted definitely;
on the five-part Crowder program |
since the presentation of No. 13
more than a month ago strengthens
the belief that the claws of No. 14;
are being sharpened.
In Des- Moines. an auto was stol- j
en from the jail garage. None of
the policemen were taken.
They had to chloroform a New I
York waitress to close her mouth.
This, however, is nothing new.
Hunt the bright side. If your;
clothes were better, people might.
mistake you for the bootlegger. i
I
Shakers. Suffrage and Spiritism
i The idea of equal rights for wo
: men was introduced in America
? *wo years before our Declaration
I of Indenpendence declared "all;
j men are created equal." Spirit
I manifestations, akin to the recent
! popularity of other world commun- I
ication. had a vogue in the colo-1
nies before the Revolutionary War. j
These facts are recalled by the
proposed abandonment of the
Shaker Community in Enfield, New i
Hampshire, which is reported to!
have dwindled from 359 members I
to only 6 survivors, says a bul-!
letin from the Washington. D. C,
headquarters of the National Geo
graphic Society.
now an Idea Survived
"Of all the groups that found
sanctuary on the soil of colonial
America the most remarkable, per
haps, were the Shakers with their
customs that were partly medieval
and partly far ahead of their day."
the bulletin continues. "And the
persistence of a firmly grounded
religious belief is aptly illustrated
by their survival to this day al- i
though their virginal vows provid
ed no younger generation to carry
on their tradition, and their delib
erate isolation in self-sustaining
communities gave few opportuni
ties to make converts.
"The Shakers never had more
than 5,000 members and tb,e twelve
communities remaining today re
ported 367 members in,1916, which
means a population of not more
than a thousand. The longevity of
individual members, combined with
their abstinence from meat and
fish, their prescribed manual la
bor and hygenic living, have made
their communities interesting hu
man experiment stations for the
biologist as well as the geographer.
The bodily movement's as they wor
shipped closely resembles the noon
day gymnasium of many an Amer
ican business man.
Arrested ? for Gyrations
"Ann Lee. self styled, 'Ann the
Word* but known among her fol- j
lowers as 'Mother Ann' founded
the Shakers whose oflieail title is j
'United Society of True Believeres
in Christ's Second Coming.' Af
ter four children died in their .in
fancy Ann Lee sought solace
among an offshoot of the Quaker
sect in England which had been |
influenced by the early eighteenth |
century wave of "'manifestations'!
among what we would call med-'
iums. Ann could not read or write
and her husband later ^deserted her. J
For her shouting, leaping and bod- j
ily gyrations during her ? exhorta-!
tions she was arrested in Manches-.
ter. : j -
"While in jail the young w^man /
asserted that the Christ appeared
to her in a vision, told her he was
one with her, and upon serving her
sentence she gathered a few follow
ers and set out for America to pro- V
claim herself the embodiment of |
Christ in His second coming.
A Modem Miracle
"On the way across the ship's!
captain forbade the Shakers? to in-j
dulge in their athletic form of
^worship. Whereupon, according to 1
Shaker literature, a storm arose, a'
plank was sprung, and the vessel 1
began to fill. 'Mother Ann' re- j i
assured the captain saying two an- j
gels had appeared before her in a!i
vision to promise her safe voyagej j
Just as the crew was becoming ex-;(
hausted from pumping a huge],
wave came again, .struck the ship!,
and jammed the plank back; into
place.
"For two years Mother Anni]
worked in New York as a washer-1;
woman, then, in 1776. she founded;,
the first Shaker church at Water
liet. New York. !
"In such strange fashion was in- j
stituted, the year that America
dates her national birth, the Wes->
tern World's first experiment in j!
communism. Later societies, of;1
families, grew up in New York/:
"Massachusetts. Xew Hampshire,- i
Maine, Connecticut, Ohio and Ken- ;
tucky.
The Siuiker Platform 11
"The cardinal priniciples of the,1 <
Shaker religion are virgin purity, j'
confession of their sins, complete j <
separation from what they term. <
the world's vanities, and a com- i
munism which aproaches political
socialism. If a man and wife join
a Shaker community they are >up- r<
posed to live as brother and sister, jj
"Until recently they prohibited *
the taking of photographs and for-j |
bade pictures of all kinds as idol-!^
atrous. Even the cultivation of!j
flower gardens for decorative pur- ? <
poses was frowned upon in former j,
years."* And there is still doubt |,
among the older members about]
the propriety of musical insttu-'
ments.
"The Shaker community is as!,
nearly selfsustaining as possible L
and about the only importationsL
in their beginnings were iron for;
their plow shares. In their Indus- I
trial and agricultural development !
they have contributed many valu
able ideas which have been siezed '
upon for general use. They are J
credited with the revolving harrow, 1
ctit nails, and the planting ma- (
chine. liaising herbs for medicinal
use was one of their early major 1
industries. ' '
Their Towns Spotless
"A famous description of their '
central community; that of Mt.
Lebanon, X. Y.. is applicable to a>4l j
their settlements. 'No Dutch townj*
has a ttenter aspect, no Moravian!*
hamlet a softer hush," says this j$
writer. 'The streets are quiet: for j1
here you have no grogshop, no beer i
house, no lockup, no pound: of the!1
dozen edifices rising about you?i1
workrooms, barns. tabernacles, ?
stables, kitchens, schools and dor- t
mi tori es?not one is either foul or 1
noisy; and every building, what- *y
ever may he its use, has something i
of the air of a chapel.' i
"An elder anti an eldress are the p.
patriarchal heads of the villages. In Ft
the larger villages two of each sex jj
are chosen, and their authority is j,
unquestioned. The recruits of the j
societies are from world weary ]"?>'-,
sons to whom isolation appeals.!
and children attending their schools
who are imbued at an irnpres-.
sionable age with their religious
teachings. Each member of the j
community is expected to perform l J
a share of the work, and by work j
the Shaker means r\tnual labor.
Many attempts to carry out the j1
economic ideas of the Shaker vfl- i
Inges have foiled, apparently; he
cause the absence of the religious
tie allowed members to depart
too Cosily."
The Inside Story of a Coal Mine
The householder is noi shoveling
coal in these piping times of sum
mer, but because of the strike and
fears that his favorite winter in
door sport will be interfered with
when the snow flies, coal has bee i
uppermost in his thoughts, none the
less. ,
A bulletin from the "Washington.
D. C, headquarters of the National
Geographic Society presents a lit
tle known.aspect of the coal indus
try to stay-on-the-surface users of
this modern necessity?the working
of.a big anthracite mine when op
erating full blast. Describing a visit
to a. mine in which there are eighty
five miles of underground railway,
the bulletin says:
Need Air for Human Fuel
"One thing above ground we will
be even more vitally interested in
when we go below?the ventilating
fan, for without it we would be in
danger of being 'gassed' in times of
peace. The fans in this mine fly
around with a rim speed of a mile,
a minute. Every mine has two
shafts; the hoisting shaft and the
air shaft. To keep the mine free
enough from gas to permit work in
safety, enormous quantities of fresh
air must be sent down the one op
ening and corresponding quantities
of gas-laden air drawn out the
other.
"To start on our downward jour
ney we step on the 'cage' or ele
vator, the mine superintendent
gives a signal, and the floor drops.
Down. down, down we whiz past
stratum after/stratum of rock
Mine Planned Like a City
"Arriving at the bottom, we soon!
find that a coal mine is planned like!
a city. There is one main street,
or entry, and it has-been iaid out
with the nicety of a grand boule
vard. Parallel with this are-other
entries, and across these entries
run other streets, at right angles,
usually, which are called headings.
Lining all these headings as houses
line the streets are the chambers,
or rooms, in which the miners'
work.
"When we stop at the bottom we j
feel ourselves in a small-sized hur- i
ricane. It is the air rushing down j
the shaft and starting through the]
mine on its mission of purification.
"We walk and walk until we be
gin to feel as though we might be
coming out over in China or France
and then we come to the rooms
of chambers?for all the coal in the
neighborhood of the hoisting shaft
has gone up .in heat and smoke j
long before now and this mine is!
farflung. ?
Catacombs of the Living
"These rooms or chambers might
be monk's cells in some catacombs
for the living. Here the miner
bores and blasts and digs away the
coal and loads it into the mine
cars. If he has a helper he does
not need to do the loading himself. I
The car holds about 6,000 pounds!
of run-of-the-mine coal, and a min- j
er is supposed to fill two of them a]
day.
"When the car is loaded the min
er puts his number on it. and pre
sently, without much ado, there J
comes up the heading and into the
passageway leading to the chamber
a string of mules walking tandem.
6r single file, and dragging an
empty car behind. They pull out i
the loaded car. set the empty one
where the miner wants it. and go
back the way they came, with the
load of coal.
"There are other strings of mules,
also, and they distribute the emp- {
ties and mobilize the loaded cars I
from and at given points. Thenj
ihe 'Compressed-air engine comes f
along and makes up a train of j
loaded cars after dropping one of j
empties ready for distribution. The
roal trains are pulled down to the
hoisting shaft, and one by one the
cars go to the surface, an empty
coming down as a loaded one goes
up.
How; the Coal Came to Be
"Having seen the harvest in the
r-oal field, let us turn to the seed
time. Millions of years ago Nature
stored away billions of tons of coal |
for us, and then left us a record
r>f her processes written in a lan- i
^uage that all ag?-s and tongues |
\m understand. It is a story so
svonderful as almost to defy belief, j
md yet one so plain to him who j
reads it as to defy unbelief.
"Vegetation grew rankly, leaves j
md stalks settled into marshes,
md were carbonized, almost as
though it had been for our bette
lt. Those were happy days in the
vegetable kingdom. Plant life was
piiokened as animal life is stirred
by the ozone of the sea, for the
lir was laden with unimaginable j
nipplies of carbonic "acid gas, |
ivhieh was inhaled by the Brob-j
iignagian jungle.
"Indeed, so rieh was the at- j
mosphere in its supply of this gas
;hat while it made vegetation grow
extraordinarily rank it would have
suffocated man. Furthermore,'
here, was warmth exceeding any-!
hing we know in the tropics to-j
lay. and there was moisture inj
ibundanee?more than the most i
q->endthrift of plants could wish i
tor.
? How amazingly dense was the
,-egetation of the coal-forming era
nay be shown by comparisons with j
listing forests. Should nature, by j
he process of the coal age trans-j
(?iin the densest jungle in the!
.vorld today into a coal seam, it;
?robably would be only a few|
nches thick: yet there are coal;
jeams which mv .sixty feet thick, i
hough ten feet is regarded as a fine,
seam, and three feet will produce
nore than five thousand tons to:
he acre."
If winter comes, can heavy mi
lerwear be far behind'.'
_-a m- m
Truth crushed to earth rises j
main. Pedestrians don't.
We had forgotten about chest
?mis ripening until we saw a worm
joing somewhere. '
Tiou Diamonds Are Mined
A "rush" such as frontier Amer
ica knew its free-land days, but
in this case to petr out claims in a
newly discovered diamond field
was mentioned in recent dispatches
from South Africa. This new dia
mond country opens up possibili
ties of a rival to the great Kim
berly diamond field in the same
general region, the world's great
est source of the sparkling white
gems.
j The methods of mining diamonds
I at Kimberly, which may be fol-i
I lowed in the new fields if the for- ;
mation proves the same, are out- ,
lined in a bulletin from the Wash- I
ington. D. C. headquarters of the
National Geographic Society.
Like- Needle in Haystack
"The mines at Kimberley," says j
the bulletin, "are in very ancient {
volcanoes which ages ago lost all!
sembiance of activity. But during!
[,their youth the great heat and.pres- j
sure of these volcanoes created gi- j
gantic laboratories in their depths I
in which thousands of the hard j
white carbon crystals, which are j
diamonds, were created. The'pre- j
cious little lumps are embedded in!
a great volume of worthless rock j
known as 'blue ground.' and un- j
der old conditions were as hard to \
I find as the proverbial needle in a!
haystack. But just as a clever j
searcher could probably locate his
needle with a powerful magnet, de
spite the straw, so engineers have
evolved mechanical means clever-1
ly to separate the few tiny din-1
monds from the many tons of dirt j
j in which they are hidden,
i "The effectiveness with which!
! Nature has concealed the crystals is j
evidenced by the fact that the 'blue
ground' brought up from the depths
of the mines and carrying its price
i less gems, is spread out in the open
[ for four months to a year to the j
weather. The diamonds are per- j
! fectly safe,- for officials who have
walked over the weathering 'floors'
|f?r many years assert that they
have never found a diamond in this |
way. As the 'blue ground' weathers
it . crumbles, and great harrows
like those used on the bonanza!
farms of the West, are dragged j
over it to. facilitate the process.
Gems Trapped in Grease
"Eventually the material is!
.broken down into relatively fine;
particles. It is then taken in truck-1
loads to the mechanical plant of j
the mine for treatment. The j
ground is mixed with water in greet !
mixing machines and passed over j
screens of fine wire meshing. J
"When as much as possible of j
the foreign material has been re- j
moved in this way the coarse resi- |
due, containing the diamonds, is
passed over sloping, vibratng ta
bles covered with thick grease. Be
cause of some little understood
physical property, diamonds stick
to the grease while the worthless I
material flows over the edge of the j;
tables. The grease with its load -;
of crystals is then scraped into a j
perforated container and heated by j;
steam. The grease melts away and j
leaves the small but highly valu- j1
able object of these months of work, j
"How widely spaced the dia- (
monds. are in their matrix of earth j
can be shown best perhaps by a j'
comparison of volumes. The earth
taken out in a year by the largest
mining company in the field, would
form a cube more than 430 feet
in each dimension.i This would fill
a. large city block to a height of j'
more than thirty stories. The dia- j
monds found in this vast amount j
of earth would fill only two or }
three desk drawers or a cubical box J'
less than three feet in each dimen-r j
son. But these few pecks of stones j ?
for which a mounatin was 'moved ? .
were worth perhaps in excess of i!
$25,000,000. ^ \]
Laborers V?lnhtary Exiles
"One of the most striking fea-]'
tures of the mining of diamonds j
by the large companies in*Kimberly j
is the existence of the unique labor j
compounds. Since diamonds are ; j
so easily stolen, only those native \ >
laborers are employed who will i'
agree ot 'enlist' for at least three [ j
months and remain for that pe- j ^
riod, (when not in the mines, or j *
on the 'floors') within a walled, en-j
clo.'ujre. In the largest compound, i
covering more than four acres, 3.- j
o00 men live. Not only are these!,
compounds surrounded by high j
walls, but they are also covered j ^
with fine wire netting so that dia- j,
monds cannot be thrown outside to i *
confederates. ' {
"Laborers entering or leaving a !
compound must go through a pro- j '
cedure not unlike that when enter- ;,
ing a foreign country having strict '"
immigration and customs laws, j *
They must pass a health examina- j
tion and if diseased are rejected or j
placed in quarantine. Only" certain \
articles may be token into a com- j
pound, and no boots, shoes or other i
hard or solid materials may be tak- j
en out?only clothing which has i S
been searched. In the largest of!*
the compounds, where some labor- (S
ers have chosen to stay for years, j f
are stores, a church, a school, a ! <
hospital and dispensary, athletic i j
grounds and a swimming pool. The \z
manager of the compound is a sori *j
of mayor and judge -rolled into one t
and is called upon to decide innum ; t
erable disputes." ; c
Russian Court Curbs Harsh Mea- t
surest x
j I
Sevsk. Province of Briansk. Aug. ; j
9?For turning a group of old nuns ^
out of a convent and into the street t
the chairman of a Soviet committee j
here has been sentenced by a tri- jq
bunal to be shot. The ten other ,
committeemen have been xent to t
prison. a
i
Society to exterminate cats is
started. It could be done by teach
ing doss to climb trees.
Virgina farmer ILM? years old is
dead. They claim he could remem- j
ber when farmers were not having ic
a hard time. I
"What is hell?" asks the Ney j
Tork Herald. Buying school boota : s
George Returns to Belgrade and
Worries Alexander
Belgrade. Jugoslavia, August 15.
?Prince George has come back to
Belgrade from Paris and there are
some people here who wish that his
indolent; care-free life in the
French capital of recent years had
proved sufficiently attractive to
keep him there.
George is the eldest son of the
late King Peter. As for the throne,
he has renounced it, and his broth
er, Alexander, is sitting there with
his new queen. Marie of Reumania,
at this side. Together they are busy
with the formalities of court life.
George has said in substance
"Here am I; George, son of Peter.
1 would like to have the status of
my relationship to this government
definitely fixed. I have not the
means to live properly, either here
or abroad. My brother the King
has denied me my legitimate allow
ance. In the meantime, 1 would
like a commission in the army. How
about it?"
And of course George has friends,
some of whom have interpellated
parliament as to why George is
not granted the position to which
his birth entitles him.
George presents a knotty prob
lem, n King Alexander is credited
with wishing that he would go to
United States, or some other dis
tant land, and refrain from em
barrassing the government.
Prizefighters Becoming Popular In
31cxfeo
Mexico City, August 26?As re
cently as three years ago a form
er heavyweight boxing champion
attempted to make boxing popular
in Mexico City and failed. Today
the spott is intensely popular and
the bouts which are held regularly
every Friday night in Mexico City
attract crowdsv that fill the Fron
ton, a huge structure in which the
Spanish game, of pelota is played.
The promoters are so enthused
over the prospects of the fight game
here, that they are planning a
combination gymnasium and arena,
and they have already set up a
school for boxers in which Mexi
can youths are given free instruc
tion in fisticuffs. These students,
in return for this, instruc
tion, furnish all the preliminaries
to the main bouts and that they do
well is a tested by the fact that the
popular verdict so far has always
been that the youngsters^are better
tha n the older principals.
Invitations have been sent to sev
eral well-konwn boxers to the
United States inquiring as to terms
for a fight here, and the word -has
evidently been passed around that
the game is looking up in Mexico,
because during the past few weeks
there has been a great Invasion of
"ham and egg" fighters who are
perfectly willing to be- .mauled
aroimd for a few^ rounds* in return,
for a few regular-meals.
Persons who have watched box
ing rise and fall in popular fancy
here say there is more interest now
thar ever before.- For the first time
Mexican boys' are being taught to j
box and their cleverness is undis- \
puted. The Mexican spectators are!
also commencing to learn the
game, and the job of .referee is not;
the hazardous-task it was a tew
years ago when an unpopular de-!
cision usually meant gunplay.
Adverse Foreign Trade Increases
Difficulties.
Tokio, Aug. 15.?-The continued !
adverse condition of the country's;
foreign trade justifies anticipation;
of further difficulty that will be at- <
tendant on the recovery of capital j
invested, said Mr. Hikikata. pres
ident of the Japan Industrial Bank j
at the annual meeting- of the i
shareholders. He added:
"In order to counteract the un
easiness ' thus instilled, the bank
made a proper choice of an -oppor- J
lunity for the flotation of public!
loans. The debentures so far is-!
med by the bank for such pur- j
poses amount to 595,000,000 yen!
for the first half of the current;
rear, which means an increase of;
14,000.000 yen over the figures for!
:he preceding, term.
'The absorption of capital in;
he public money market thus real- \
zed naturally tended to tighten the j
narket tone until interest on fixed j
leposits was raised by 2 to S rin
ill around. This however failed!
0 go any long way in lowering the ?
irice of commodities. The famine!
?)rices that a%? still maintained, j
'oupled with the unfavorable bal-j
nice of foreign trade, has proved
1 serious impediment to the early ?
*ecov%ry of normal economic fane- |
ions."
Archbishop of Sweden Ascribes
War to Fear
Stockholm, August. 21?Nathan
'oederblom. Archibishop of Swed- I
m. who is going to the United!
States next year, in an address be- j
'ore the assembly at the World:
'ongress of Churches which has |
ust been held in Copenhagen, made |
in appeal to ail creeds and congre
gations to unite in restoring peace \
hroughout the world. Representa
ives of nearly every Christian :
hutch and creed were present.
"The world is infested with the;
wo microbes of hate and fear."
he Bishop said, "but we are gross
y ignorant of how to turn our in
lerited curse into a blessing." He ;
lenounced those servants of Chris- !
ianity who pause to ask about ]
>arty or creed when there is a
[Uestioh of saving perishing bu
na nity. The churches must stop .
heorizing and arguing about trifles
nd must unite in definite action:
n the cause of peace."
??? ? ? * ?
Dempsy says rest makes a box
r. Now we know why he is;
harap.
<> ? ^
t
New York state has 8,000 hiking
lubs. This is another evil result of i
he rail strike.
* ? ?
If more hunting licenses are is- j
ued, we predict i milk shortage. |
POTATOES FROM
I THE NORTH
One Example of Profit Los?&y
Southern Farmers v
_
I Mayesvilie. S. C. Sept. Jl~We
.cannot but notice that the. farmers
I in the south are making ?ptato^*'.
: and shipping them to north??? .,
I markets for four-and five dollar**
! per barrel when the crops a't'e ?
i gathered, and within four or -five
? months the northern markers/ are
[shipping the same potatoes ba^k
[ to our southern markets with *a
; great profit added to the. potatoes .
shipped batk in sacks, for which: -
we have had to^pay wholesale ntke
dollars per sack. It will take two
sacks to equal ore barrel, making
a total cost of our barrel back jtb
i us of eighteen dollars.
Wake up, farmers, get your stor- '
a?re house and do not let so jhi>f$rl
; money be taken from your pocJS%$?;
The railroads get a haul from the
south to the northern market and
I then the return haul. The freight
rate is mighty liigh, so why should -
you allow this extra expense. This'
looks like we just love to see the
locomotive wheels turn and >furn
. ish the commodity to turn them for
the fun of it. I have today seen
a train of about seventy-five caps
pass with carioads and carloads 'fit
I potatoes in sacks going south.
Please dp not kick this fall when
you go to your grocery store and
the merchant asks yon ten or
twelve dollars per sack. You could
have held these potatoes and saved
this extra mpney. That's why the
south cannot get rich , any faetjsr. -;
D. A. Berry.
Enemies of the Bolshevik! To Me
Shot
I Semiealatinsk, . Aitgust, 9 ?Five
out of 238 officers^of the BakhJfcb
army, who were tried by, a revo
lutionary tribunal for waging, war:
against the Bolshevik^ im the Far
East, have been sentenced* to he
; shot. v Most of the others were jj$y^
eu prison Jerms of five to. ten years.
G eneral Bakhitch and General Ti
gern, the" leaders, were put to death
j s?me time ago.
Russia Xo Longer Offers Bargains
in Diamonds
Warsaw, August 1%?Diamonds
are in such demand , amon^ for
eigners visiting Russia' in \Se^reh of
bargains'- that the nearby, bord
ing. ?eitles are being -drained^ of ~
tones for the Russian markets,
beording to dealers here, : jJ$er- ~
chants have been active for months
n Bucharest. ^Vienaa, Riga, -Reval?
Warsaw and even Berlin, and other'?
ities, buyi ng up the cheaper cut ?
?tonest By . ingenious ways these
diamondsv^if spm&;~of .the'm can be
called diamonds-r^are'sent to Mos
cow; and there put on the market:
Russian diamonds have .bfiSfTjgk
tensively advertised in Europe' as?d
the United States. Owing to nju>^
fortune may wealthy families, wbjea v
reverses' came, sold their jewels hi
prices far less than they were
worth. But times has brought about
a Change in conditions. Th*r*
were many diamond bargains in
P.ussia in the early days of th? "
volution and the hard times
which followed^ . This ou^te vr?r .
turally attracted- the- atention of
foreigners,1 and for years every vis?
itor went with the hope of finding
a'nice "pick up" or two for hjaf- N-j
self or his wife^ or for speculation.
Merchants too came in' droves. As
a consequence most of the better
diamonds, rubies and other* pre
cious stones gradually passed isrto
foreign hands, and on out of the
country. > <;z
Merchants contend that there are
probably more yellow and jspecj?&d
diamonds in Moscow today than in ?
any other city in Europe. A?d
many of these, through speculators,
came from the outside especially ?or
the trade. Eventually through bar
gain hunting foreigners, . the?e
stones will be taken out of Abe
country again at $150 or $209 a
carat when on the open market
they-would not bring half that .
price. v
IA. It. A. Says Russian Famine Is
Over
Moscow, Russia; August 8?One
of the surest indications that the
famine has t>een stamped out ^n
Russia, according to the American
Relief Administration, is the rate
at which letters of gratitude and
expressions of thanks have bsbn
pouring into the Moscow office of
the administration during the^ last
few weeks. Communication* by
wire and post continue to come
from every district signed by vil
lage committees, parent?, distact
and local government heads. Flg
gures just compiled at Moscow
headquarters of the A, R. A. show
that in all the districts AraerWn
food is now reaching nearly liL- ,
:i00.000 people?the highest polit
yet reached in the famine opera
tion.
? ^ ?i? ?
Sales of 'Honors Frankly to be
Whitewashed
London, August 23?The distri- ? $
bution of British honors, the wards
of peerages, baronetcies, and lesser,
distinctions, is to be investigate4.
but in this wise. *
A Royal Commission has bee$ j
appointed and will inquire into
the^ matter, which savors of scan
dal, for it is known that honors,
have b?*en more or less openly sold;
But the committee will make no
public record on what it learns.
Neither political party has a
clean record in this regard.. TheHe
iore. to prevent the wreckage of
many glass houses, it was decided
no rue should be allowed to throw
stones.
There is to be no delving into
the past, so far as the public is
concerned. The commission vdll
simply advise on future procedure
in the awarding of honors in years ggj
to come. 1
- ? ? ? ? V
Mexico is talking prohibition
again. So are we.
