The morning call., November 10, 1890, Page 7, Image 7

About The morning call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1878-1895

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DIPHTHERIA.
Some Timely Advice From the
State Board of Health.
How to Prevent Its Spread— Proper Treatment
fer '.he Sick— Recipes for Fnmig-ting
end Disinfecting.
In view of the alarming spread of diph
theria in this city within the past few
weeks, and a corresponding increase in the
number of what may be termed "preventa
ble deaths," the circular Just issued by the
California State Board of Health is a timely
cue and worthy of the most careful consid
eration. It is entitled a "Preventable
Disease Circular. Facts' fur the People Con
cerning Diphtheria," and treats of the re
striction and prevention of the dread disease
in the following language:
Diphtheria having recently shown evi
dence of a tendency to spread and assume a
more malignant type, the State 13 ard of
Health deems it prudent to issue this cir
cular, and disseminate as widely as possible
among the people the knowledge of certain
[acts and principles, xvhich seem to be well
established, as to the nature and causes ot
this disease, and the best mode Of its re
striction ami prevention.
All are agreed ilia', diphtheria, like other
zymotic diseases, is not the necessary lot of
Humanity* that it is preventable; that its
ravages are due, in very large measure, to
neglect; to the violation, in one way or
another, of sanitary laws, and that, though
it may not be generated by filth, it finds
there a soil favorable to its development;
that it grows and nourishes there, and that
the human system is rendered by it
especially sensitive to morbific influences of
every kind. A susceptibility .to disease and
to the contagious principle by which it is
propagated is thus induced, and hence the
liability of its dissemination among the
members of a family or others more re
motely ami indirectly exposed is greatly in
creased, lt is better, therefore, to avoid
whatever may tend to depress the energies
and lower the vital resistance to disease.
This, it is certain, filth and uucleauliuess in
and around the dwelling does.
Though there is much in common among
the contagious diseases as to the method of
their propagation by contagion, there are
differences peculiar to each which it is Im
portant to bear iv mind.
______ OF CONTAGION".
In small-pox the special seat of activity
of the contagiuiu — "its breed! ue-places,'" to
use a common term— is in the skin and its
eruption and ihe contents of the vesicles,
and m the secretions from the mouth and
throat; in scarlet fever in the SKin, even to
the termination of the desquamative or peel
ing process, and in the secretions; in mea
sles, in the .--kin, and in the discharges
from the mouth, nose and air passages, and
probably in the tears; in diphtheria, in the
throat, nose, or other seat of the exudation
of membranous deposit
These may be considered the special seats
or vehicles of contagion; while in all these
diseases, with varying degrees of certainty,
comniiinication may be established through
"the breath, the perspiration, the discharges
from the mouth and throat, bx articles of
clothing, or other substances with which
tire various secretions and exhalations of the
body mas', either through the atmosphere,
or more direetlv, come in contact. There is
also reason to believe that the contagiosa of
diphtheria is conveyed hy.the evacuations
from the bowels of those sick with the di
sease, and by water or milk contaminated
I herewith. The disease seems also to be
capable of being conveyed by means of the
domestic' animals, as dogs and eats, which
have frequented the apartments nt the sick.
Prom a consideration of these general
facts pertaining to the causation of diph
theria may be deduced rules for its hygienic
management, audits prevention.
ITS HYGIENIC MANAGEMENT.
The disease having been introduced into a
family, the fact of its contagiousness should
he promptly recognized, aud suitable pre
cautions taken:
(a) By strict isolation of the sick. Shut off
all communication with the house, especi
ally by children, and admit to the apartment
only those absolutely required as nurses.
Though children are very much more liable
to the disease than adults, and commonly
have it in a more severe form, tbe latter do
have it, aud, bo-ides, by visiting the sick,
expose themselves to the risk of conveying
the C-iitiigion to others. Visits of sympathy,
therefor-, however benevolent and com
mendable their motives, should be avoided.
(ft) Other members of the family — children
I under fifteen years of age more urgently,
for reasons just stated— should be removed,
if possible, to a part of the house having no
direct communication with the apartments
occupied by the sick person. If the latter
is in the upper stories of the house, probably
the rooms ou the lower floors may be safely
used
(c) The room -occupied by the sick should
be large, exposed, where practicable, to the
sunlight, and capable of being well venti
lated. It should be remembered, in this
cooneC—on, that by good ventilation is un
deistood an abundance of fresh air without
a draught. All useless furniture— curtains,
carpets and the like— should he removed. A
disinfectant solution should be kept in the
room in an uncovered vessel, in which in
fected clothing suitable for washing, soiled
»___, pillow cases, blankets, etc., should
be soaked before removal from the apart
ment. They should then be boiled. The
same disinfectant solution, being stainless,
may be sprinkled over the bedding and car
pets, when the latter have not been re
moved, or it may be occasionally diffused
through the room by an ordinary spray in
strument, thus reaching and destroying iv-
Xect ous particles in the atmosphere.
____-__, DISINFECTANTS.
A solution recommended for the above
purposes may be cheaply made by dissolv
ing eight ounces of sulphate of zinc (white
vitriol' and four ounces of common salt in a
gallon of water. It is better than carbolic
acid and has the additional advantage of
being odorless. For convenience the hi
gredients may be mixed by using four
pooo-fol of zinc, two of salt and one
. gallon of water.
(_) All discharges from the bowels and
kidneys of the patient should be immedi
ately disinfected by pouring over them,
liberally, the disinfectant just mentioned,
or by a solution of sulphate of iron (cop
peras, or green vitriol,', male by dissolving
-bout one and a half pouuds of the .nit in a
gallon cf water. Ihey should then be re
moved and, preferably, buried, and never
less than 100 feet distant from any well.
The secretions of the nose and throat
should be received upon rags and these
burned.
(**) Nurses and attendants should be re
quired to keep themselves and their patients
cs clean as possible— their own hands should
.frequently be washed and disinfected by
chlorinated soda or carbolic acid solution.
The attendants upon the sick should not
communicate nor associate with ether mem
bers of the family, or with the public, with
out having first chanced their clothes, aud
washed and disinfected themselves. The
zinc solution may be advantageously used
for this purpose; or thymol (a substance ob
- tamed from the common thyme and some
other plants), prepared by dissolving one
half ounce of thymol in two ounces of al
cohol, and adding a tablespoonful of this to
one-half gallon of water. It is believed to
be a valuable disinfectant, eg lal to and less
disagreeable than carbolic acid. This solu
tion may also be used as a spray about the
room.
Corrosive sublimate, in the proportion of
a quarter of an ounce to the gallon, is an
unsurpassed germicide and disinfectant, but
has the disadvantage of being excessively
Poisonous, and therefore dangerous for gen
eral use.
it) Death occurring, the body should be
thoroughly washed with the zinc solution,
and then wrapped in a sheet wet by soaking
in the same. It should then be placed in a
tight coffiu. The funeral should lie private.
The body clothes worn by the deceased ,
should be burned, or effectually treated with
j the zinc solution, as above advised.
r___CA__lo.\"Al'.Y MEASURES.
fsi) In case of recovery of the patient, be
should still be kept apart from others
especially children— until all his. clothing
lias been completely disinfected with the
boiling zinc solution. He should be provided
with uninfected clothing, and should not be
allowed to attend school, or other assem
blages, until in the judgment of a competent
medical authority it is safe so to do. The
tenacity of the contagious principle in diph
theria is admitted to lie very great, and the
period of time alter recovery from the dis
ease, when the danger of its communication
to others may be considered past, is as yet
uncertain. There is good evidence in the
fact that the disease has been conveyed by
infected clothing several weeks, and even
months, after having been worn.
(A) The room occupied by the sick should,
alter tbe recovery or death of the latter, be
vacated and completely disinfected. This is
be.' done by the fumes of sulphur. As al
ready mentioned, articles too valuable to be
burned, such as linens, flannels, blankets,
etc., may be treated with the boiling zinc so
lution.
Other heavy articles, as woolen clothing,
pillows, furs and the like, which cannot be
boiled, should be suspended and exposed in
the room to be disinfected, and after the
completion of this process hang in the open
air. .Mattresses and other v pholstered arti
cles should be ripped open, for better ex
posure to the fumes of the disinfecting
agent. ■ (Jan ets may be left on the floor,
but afterward taken to tbe open air and
beaten.
In using sulphur the rooms to be fuiui
gated must be vacated. Place the sulphur
in nun pans, supported upon bricks set in a
tub cm., ining a little water, an 1 ignite it
by the aid of a spoonful or two of alcohol;
or place the pan containing the sulphur over
hot coals, in a basin of lint ashes resting
upon bricks. By the adoption of either
of these plans danger Irom fire will be
avoided. -hiring fumigation the windows,
doors, and all Hues and crevices by which
the fumes might escape, should be closed,
and so remain for twenty-four hours. The
rooms may tnen be opened and ventilated
fur some hours, the wood-work washed and
the walls whitened or repapereil. Two
pounds of sulphur will be required for a
room ten feet square. •_ ...
Dry heat, nt 2"*o° or2so° Fahrenheit, what*.
it can be applied, is likewise a valuable dis-
octant.
prevention or _*n_r___u_
1. Under ibis clause are included many of
the precepts inculcated in the preceding
pages, especially such as relates to clean
line--.. The cardinal principle to be ob
served, applicable to all zymotic diseases,
is cleanliness. This term not only applies
to the person— to individual freedom from
lilthiness- but to the surroundings of the
dwelling, to accumulations of refuse or de
caying animal or vegetable materials in the
cellar or about the premises, to the rrivv,
cesspool, drains and sewer, and to the water
supply, that it is uot contaminated through
these sources. --..-.-
See that the house drains are properly
laid, trapped, ventilated and disconnected
by ventilation from the sewer; that disin
fectants are properly used therein, iinit that
there is no leakage therefrom. For such
disinfecting purposes the solution of cop
peras is the best aud cheapest— pounds
to a bucketful of water.
2. Look to the cellar, that it is dry and
clean, containing no filthy water, concealed
filthy wells or cesspools— heaps of decay
ing vegetables.
3. Whenever shallow wells are used for
drinking water tlieir surroundings should be
perfectly clean: they should be protected
against the slop-water ana other filthy
liquids thrown to the vicinity, and they
should be a safe distance from unceinemed
privies and ces-potils.
The precise definition of the word "safe,"
in this connection, 3s, perhaps, somewhat
indefinite. Much will depend upon the geo
logical character of the soil and the topogra
phy. It is considered that the distance from
the well to the cesspool should not, under
ordinary circumstances, be less than 100
feet.
In some of our valley towns, not easily
drained, in which leaky privy vaults ami
cesspools have been used since their early
settlement — never emptied, but covered
xx lien full and others dug near by— soil
must be saturated, and well water, under
any circumstances, is unsafe.
ADVICE TO I* A RENTS.
4. Avoid the sources of contagion. Be
ware of crowded assemblies in ill ventilated
rooms. When diphtheria occurs in a fam
ily, other children connected therewith
should be withdrawn from school until
danger of infection is past. There is prob
ab y more danger of the communication of
diphtheria in the school-room than is the
case with any other disease, from tile fact
that it often occur' in so mil a form as
to be unrecognized; yet from the mildest
ease the most malignant may result.
5. Sore throat, when occurring in a child,
particularly during the prevalence of diph
theria, should tie looked upon with suspi
cion, the more so when there is fever and
bad breath. The disease lias often been
conveyed by such a one by kissing, or by
drinking from the same cud. As scarlet le
ver may occur without the rash, so there
may be diphtheria without the characteris
tic membrane upon the throat.
6. Avoid the ordinary causes of disease —
Imprudence in living, exposure, unsuitable
or insufficient clothing, aud whatever can
tend to lower the vital resistance to epidemic
influence. Sound healtu is one of the best
preservatives against infectious diseases.
The question is often asked : How long
must we keep the patient isolated and from
school- In reply to this query wo cannot
do better than give the result of the deliber
ations of the Paris Academy of Medicine
upon this subject as applied to children with
contagious disease:
1. Pupils stricken with chicken-pnx,
small- pox, scarlet-lever, measles, mumps or
diphtheria should be strictly isolated from
their comrades.
-. For small-pox, scarlet-fever, measles
and diphtheria isolation should not be short
er than forty days tor chicken-pox and
mumps twenty-five days i- enough.
3. I-olation should last until after the pa
tient has been bathed.
4. The clothing worn by the patient at the
time he was taken sick should be subjected
to a temperature of !Hi- centigrade (1-4°
Fahrenheit) and to sulphur vapor, and then
well scoured.
5. 1 lie pupil of a school, after recovery
from oue of the above contagious diseases,
should not be readmitted to the school un
less furnished with the certificate of a phy
sician that the above precaution, have been
observed.
The circular is signed by Dr. 11. S. Orme,
President, ami Dr. G. G. Tyrrell, Secretary,
of the State Board of Health.
BACTERIA EVERYWHERE.
They Exist in Countl.s. Million .—Rapid
ity "With hi-li Tbey A ._ Frops.ated.
The greater majority of these microscopic
plants are what the botanists call "bacteria,"
the smallest form of vegetable life. So
small are they that it would take, in some
cases, as many as 15,000 of them arranged in
a row to extend an inch. Tbey have differ
ent forms, some being round, some oval,
some rod-shaped, while others are much
the shape of a corkscrew. In all cases they
are so small that one needs a powerful
microscope to examine them, and in no case
can we perceive them singly with the naked
eye.
When countless millions of them are
grouped together in a mass or colony we can
see them about as we are able to see an ap
proaching army of which we are totally un
able to distinguish a single soldier. I have
said that these bacteria move about; and
this is true of most of them, although there
are some which do not appear to move at
all, but remain fixed wherever they find a
good feeding place. .Those that have motion
behave in a very peculiar manner; some
wobble about in one ph. without moving
forward in the least ; others dart hither and
thither, back and forth, at an apparently
furious rate, rocking and twirling about,
and _______ a hundred somersaults as they
move along. Bacteria multiply very rap
idly, and they do this in a very curious way.
A single one breaks itself in two; then
each half grows very rapidly until it be
comes as large as the original. Then these
in turn divide up .gain, and so on, until
from a single one we have many thousands
in a very short time. To give you tbe fig
ures, such as they are, a single one can
multiply at so enormous a rate that in forty
eight hours it can produce something like
280,000.000,000 of its species. Great conse
quences follow this enormous increase of
bacteria, for while one, so small of itself,
can do but little harm, the army resulting
from such rapid multiplication makes it pos
sible for them to accomplish a vast amount
of damage.— St. Louis Republic.
-VERSO.) AL .NOTES.
F. Salz of Centerville is at the Baldwin.
M. Co-beit of Sonoma is at the Baldwin.
11. E. Wilcox of San Jose is at the Lick.
Jesse D. Carr of Salinas is at the Palace.
A. Piersons of Sissons is at the Occidental.
Dr. McKinnon of Eureka, Cal., is at the
Lick.
W. S. Green of the Colusa Sun is at the
Lick. ■'■•;■_ ■-*
W. W. Ilollister of Napa is at the Occi
dental. y : ~yyjy'yy:,y--
Dr. Clunness of Sacramento is at the
Palace. "":' '_. ._' :
H. W. Byington of Sacramento is at the
Grand. •
Alfred Stebbins of Boston is at the Occi
dental. ■ * .
Dr. A. T. Hudson of Stockton is at the
Grand.
Senator W. A. Sharon of Nevada is at the
Palace.
G. T. Wills of Eureka, Ne... is at the
Palace.
TV. Sutherland of Virginia City, Ne... is
at the Lick. *
Jacob Schram, a St. Helena wine-grower,
is nt the Lick. t_^g@!BKffH
Dr. Jennie McCowen of Davenport, lowa,
is at the Palace.
Robert Robinson, a mining man of Sutter
Creek, is at the Grand-
James B. Little, a mining man from Fort
Jones, is at the Palace.
J. B. Grant and Edward Eddy, two prom
inent citizens of Denver, Colo., is at the
Baldwin. ' •~-"^E_M__3___________g
An Alameda Itur.lary.
Mrs. Kate Rupert's lodging-bouse -at the
old narrow-gauge wharf depot, Alameda,
was entered yesterday morning by burglars,
who found .-00 in coin and considerable
jewelry in the rooms and decamped. The
burglary was reported yesterday by Chief
of Police Oscar Rogers of Alameda at police
headquarters in this city. ■■-. The house is open
all night as most of the occupants are rail
road men. ■ _.
_iiit_le-T__ Society.
At the meeting of the Single-tax Society,
held in Pythian Castle. !X»i Market street,
last night, the • following programme was
presented to a full house: •.■<._■_
( "peeing remark W. (I. Sellers; Instrumental
music. Professor A. O. Rot nun; speech, Thomas
Watson; song, '• Good-Bye. Sweetheart, Good*
]:■, .'' Mr. leu ; address of the evening, It. 1..
I'ieace. subject, •' Laud Kent oration" ; recita-
Hon, Miss I. Carrie. &HBRnHS£M__H__
THE MORNING CALL. SAN FRANCISCO. MONDAY. NOVEMBER 10. .890-F.IGHT PAGES.
THE WORK OF GIANTS.
Probably the Oldest Ruins on the
llem .sphere.
A Visit to BtIIMUM — Monuments of the
Past That Excite Wonder and
Admiration.
There is much of interest In South Amer
ican countries that the enterprising corre
spondent, male and female, is laying before
the people of the United States through the
medium of the daily papers. . Fannie- 15.
Ward, in a letter from La Paz to the Pitts
burg Dispatch, writes: The traveler should
not bid good-by to Bolivia without having
paid some attention to an ancient town near
the northeastern edge of Lake Titlcaca,
which Professor Squier has dubbed "the
Uaalbec of America." It is named Ti
abuanaco (pronounced Tee -ah-nha -nah-co).
and is believed by some scientists to be the
oldest collection of ruins on the hemisphere.
At any rale it proves the existence of a race
so fat antedating the time of the Incas that
all knowledge of it was loss before the Span
iards came; for when the latter questioned
the Indians of those days about the origin
of these mighty monuments they were told
that before ever the sun appeared in the
heavens a race of giants inhabited the earth
for thousands of years; that they grew so
numerous the gods, became jealous aud
turned them all into stone, and what appear
to be the remains of huge buildings are, in
reality, some of the petrified giants them
selves.
This highly interesting place ma. be
easily reached on horseback from Chililaya;
ami if visited during the westward journey
from La Paz, it is best to come to the former
village a day or two ahead of the diligencia,
so as not to miss the weekly steamer and be
stranded too long on this desolate coast
STRANGE ANCIENT RUINS.
Modern Tiiiliuanaco contains ■ nothing
whatever of interest except that its church
and many of its houses are built of beauti
fully cut and polished stones taken from
ancient temples and palaces. Even the pave
ments of its streets and the bridues over
which we pass are set with them. The tall
stone cross in front of the church stands on
a lofty pedestal that is much better wrought
than the Catholic symbol above it and in
scribed with indecipherable hieroglyphics
— perhaps to other gods. The corral where
our animals are stalled has in its adobe walls
numerous blocks of slate-colored trachyte,
with snakes, toads and other mysterious
emblems carved upon them; in short, from
time out of mind the wonderful ruins have
served as an inexhaustible quarry for the
lazy and ignorant people ot the valley.
The principal ruins lie on a level plain
within walking distance from the village
and cover an area of about three miles.
There are several artificial mounds made of
earth and stone, numerous edifices, and the
remains of massive walls that probably
served as forts or inclosures. The highest
of the mounds was once terraced, each ter
race supported by a wall of cut stone, ami is
completely covered ana surrounded by
ruins, with an enormous structure on top,
which modern visitors have named "The
Fortress."
Not far from this hill is the finest edifice
of all. so far as decoration is concerned,
now known as "The Temple." It is 445 feet
long. "v"S feet wide, made of cut and polished
block* of dark basalt, each 30 inches thick.
These stones are sunk into the earth, like
gate-posts, nobody knows to what depth,
the parts above ground varying in height
from 9 to 14 feet.
STOKES ***_**___ TOGETHER.
Those ancient architects, whoever they
may have been, seem to have not under
stood the use of mortar, or maybe they did
not need it, being able to build a well with
out. Like King Solomon's temple, the
stones were all made to fit exactly into one
another, having round holes drilled into the
top and bottom of each, at corresponding
distances, into which bronze pins we placed.
Scattered all about are mauy highly polished
blocks which appear never to have been
placed in position, indicating that the
builders were disturbed in their work and
left it incomplete.
Among the most beautifully sculptured
and curious relics is an enormous block of
sandstone, one single slab. 13 feet 5 inches
long, 18 inches thick, and standing a Utile
over 7 feet above the ground— which, though
1 1 idly cracked (the natives say by light
ning), is still upright. It must be sunk
deeply Into the earth to have stood so long
without external support, and was doubt
less meant for a doorway, as it has a central
cutting 4 feet 6 Inches high by 2 feet 9
inches wide. Across the upper face, above
this doorway, figures in low relief are
carved, which closely resemble the sculpture
of Egypt, and scientists say that a finer
piece of cutting in the same kind of stone,
by artisans, ancient nr modern, cannot be
found anywhere in the world. Within the
temple inclosure is a horizontal slab, about
foul teen feet square, with a deep hollow in
the middle, cut out like a square trough,
which is supposed to have served in some of
the ceremonies of sun worship. The great
temple is composed of huge blocks of red
sandstone, each fourteen feet long and of
corresponding width and thickness, all pre
cisely alike and cut and
laid WITH NICEST care.
This is the more remarkable, as those
early people must have been entirely unac
quainted with iron and steel, and could have
had no mechanical apparatus for earning
or working heavy bodies, every bit of the
labor having to be accomplished by human
strength. Neither could they have had any
knowledge of gunpowder, or other explo
sives; but that they were familiar with the
use of bronze is proved by the pins above
mentioned, and a few weapons that have
come to light. From some cliffs of red sand
stone, more than ______ miles away, every
one of these enormous temple blocks must
have been carried ; but no basalt nor
trachyte is found nearer than forty miles.
There seems, besides, to have been a pal
ace, a prison, a hall of justice and other in
stitutions, which show that the long-past
race possessed some degree of civilization
and refinement None can gaze upon these
monuments without being filled with won
der concerning the mysterious people who
lived and died centuries before Columbus or
any other European bad sought the Western
hemisphere.
The eliuno festival is participated in by nil
the Indians far and near, and it is a curious
mingling of the rites of the heathen Incas
and the ceremonies of the church. Though
antedating the Christianization of the
country it is earned on to-day under the con
trol of the priests, who, through the 360
years that have intervened since tho con
quest, have always found it expedient to re
lain some traces of the ancient customs.
As in these regions Indians and llamas
are generally seen together, a description of
one animal without mention of the other
would be incomplete. One who has never
seen a llama can hardly form an idea of how
the strange little creature looks, with the
head of a camel, the body of a deer, the
wool of a Sheep, the hoofs of a mule and the
neigh of a horse. It is found hero but in
the Andes nnd is the more interesting be
cause it is tho only native domesticated
animal in South America, the ox, horse,
sheep, bog and all others useful to man
having been brought originally from some
other country. It is
THE O..LT JIEA. T OF HUJUHU
Used In the higher altitudes, where mules
and horses cannot endure the thin air, as it
alone is exempt from sirroche, its natural
home being 9000 feet and upward. Though
domesticated in Peru, Bolivia and Chile, and
not able to live below a certain elevation
unless the weather is very cold, great num
bers of them run wild on the foothills and
saudy plains of Patagonia, even near the
level of the sea so far from the equator. •
A full , grown llama is about the size of a
year-old colt, standing from four to six foot
high, and is covered with a long and sur
prisingly thick coat of wool which, how
ever, is seldom sheared, as the animal is
used only for purposes of transportation.
Its usual color is muddy brown, while a few -
are light yellow or nearly white. The In
dians paint the latter with liquid dyes, and
very odd it looks to see a troop of them in
all . the colors of " the rainbow— blue,
purple, pink and green— with gay tassels
dangling from their ears. Many of. the
most valuable mines of Peru and Bolivia
could hardly be carried on ' without i these
hardy aud sure footed animals, though not
one of them can be made to bear more than
a hundred pounds weight, while the average
load of a mule is 300 pounds. ,- On all the
mountain ', roads leading from the mines
hundreds of llamas may be seen with bags
of j barilla, -as the powdered ore is called,
fastened to pack saddles on their backs by
ropes made from their own wool, which the
Indians pull, spin and weave as they walk
.; along. Where the trails ■' are dangerously,
narrow each troop is led by one having a
• bell attached to his neck, so that travelers
coining from the other direction may be
warned by the ringing to wait in some
place where there is room enough to pass.
■ A r ECCUAB A-i'l M A L. ""...■"
None but Indians, shy as themselves and
unhampered by the ways of civilization, can
manage llamas, and white men never at
tempt it. If nn ounce morn than 100 pounds
be i added to his burden the beast will | lie
down and refuse to stir until the surplus is
removed, and whenever he is tired, burden
or no burden, lie is bound to stretch I out
until, well rested. Meanwhile the patient
driver will halt all the rest of the i dock and
He down, too, waiting by the roadside until
the refractory animal Us ready to move on.
An Indian never strikes his llamas, the ! ut
most : coercion ho > uses under, any circum
stances : being a gentle i push. - Indeed, - he
takes better care of them than he does his
own children, perhaps with good reason,"
since the four-footed animals are of more
value commercially. :: The latter are worth
alive . about .7 apiece, : but sell for more
when dead, in the shape of hides, meat and
tallow. The ■ natives prefer llama flesh,
after it has been frozen, to any other kind
of meat, and make great account of the tal
low, which is called saho, using It for many
purposes. J'___r**l— __>J l _ l Kf l|l '_H'*li*--**^<[
Male llamas only carry freight, the females
being kept in corral for breeding purposes.
Soon as a young male is ready to stand lie is
trained to bear burdens, and at _ years old
is put into an alqiiila, the usual drove of
twenty animals. To drive this number
easily txvo persons are required. An Indian
will take his alquila, with 100 pounds piled
on the back of each, and, assisted by his
wife or child, will drive them a distance of
150 miles in 18 or 20 days. For this service
he charges at the rate of 80 cents per diem
to each beast, Bolivian cents, worth about
half as much as ours.
THE EXPENSE OF TRAVEL.
At tills price he feeds himself and the ani
mals, and furnishes the necessary ropes,
sacks and other equipments; reckoning 40
cents a day for the llamas, 20 rents for the
wear and tear of sacks and ropes, and 20
cents for the food of himself and coin panero.
The sack in which lie carries gram, ore, etc.,
costs in the currency of the country Sl 23,
but will last a long time. Under this con
tract he will sometimes make a journey of
two or three mouths' duration, and save
money out of it. -- : SSoia_^6__!_S«_^ s^ s *Sc-^
The llama subsists upon a mountain shrub
or a species of a lough, coarse grass mixed
with the sand in which it grows. He drinks
almost no water and can travel without lood
for a week, if given a square meal at both
ends of the journey. If too well fed he is
subject to a skin disease, which Invariably
i troves fatal. Some years ago, in 1857,
1 believe, an effort was made to intro
duce Hamas into the United States; but
it could nut be carried out, principally
because the food was too good for them.
Seventy-two llamas were taken from Peru
to New York. Only thir'y-eight of that
number survived the sea voyage and those
were wintered on a Long Island farm—
which certainly must have been cold enough
for the most fastidious animal of the Andes.
In the spring scarcely a dozen of these were
left alive; these were sold to museums and
menageries and died at the first approach of
warm weather. ..-..-
A circumstance in connection with this
singular animal should not be omitted, viz. *.
that its dung is universally used for fuel in
Bolivia and many parts of Peru. It burns
as readily as wood, gives out a great deal of
heat, has no odor and can be bought at the
rate of 00 ceuts per bundled weight, there
fore it is highly prized in treeless si ctions.
where coal costs from §33 to 5*43 per ton, and
the only other alternative isakindof spongy
fungus that grows on the mountains.
A QUEER FUEL -TJPPL.T. ",-.'-■■'•
A great deal of complaint is just now rife
in La Paz against the Electric Light Com
pany, the citizens asserting that so much
llama dung is consumed by its furnaces
that their supply of food will soon be ex
hausted. Knowing it to be iv general use
in the kitchens of the country, the tourist
iv these parts ceases to insist on toast
and broiled meats and becomes quite willing
to put up with the eternal stews and
fries. Tile commercial name of the fuel is
taquia, and owing to the habits of the ani
mal, it is by no me ins difficult to gather.
For example. in cerlan places along every
road where llamas are driven, always at the
foot of the hills and in these plan's only,
will taquia be found— not an atom ot it any
where else for miles around. The same is
true in corrals and fields where the animals
graze, each invariably adding his Own quota
tv the general accumulation, always in pre
cisely the same spot.
Llamas have a queer but elfective way of
defending themselves when teased or made
angry. Stamping the fore feet aud turning
suddenly upon tne object of rime, they will
eject between the tretti a pint or more of
saliva, throwing it with great force a dis
tance of several feet. This saliva produces
a stinging sensation on the skin, and if it
gets into the mouth or eyes or any place
where the. skin is broken violent inflamma
tion is Immediately caused,- and deathly
blood-poisoning lias been known to ensue.
Therefore, those who are acquainted with
the peculiarities of the beast are very care
ful to keep on the right side of his temper
aud at a respectable distance from his nose.
ITEMS OF _JfT____ST.
Ingenious engineers suggest that the ar
tesian well may be developed by means of
electrical appliances into a powerful and
cheap source of almost unlimited power.
Tho latest statistics show that there are
'-■>" lepers in Bengal, 13,944 in Madras
and 13,.-r_ in Bombay. The lepers in the
native Slates are not included in these
totals.
The Japanese Government is having con
structed at the yards of the Messrs. James
and George Thomson, Clydebank, Scotland,
a most efficient cruiser lo bo known as the
Chiyoda. _* 1-: V
Civilization is advancing in Africa. The
last Liverpool steamer for the mouth of the
Congo carried 10,000 cases of rum, 11 cases
of gin. -too tous of gunpowder and fourteen
missionaries.
The Wilkie Collins memorial, for which
something over .1500 has been raised, will
take the form of a small library of choice
fiction, to be presented to the London
"People's Palace."
The municipality of Genoa lias, it Is re
ported, consented to restore the house in
which Christopher Columbus lived. It is
rabidly falling into decay and has Jong
stood in need of repair.
The Eiffel tour is the largest clock tower
in the world, owing to a gigantic clock in
stalled on the second platform. Experi
ments with the new pendulum will be made
to visibly demonstrate the motion of the
earth.
• While the project of a great world's fair
In Berlin has been allowed to sink almost
out of public notice, tho mercantile and
commercial world of Austria has been
maturing a plan for another international
exhibition In Vienna.
Fifteen thousand scholars belonging to the
Loudon Board schools aud 300 teachers have
bad au extra fortnight's holiday this year
through the failure of build and con
tractors to repair and clean the schools dur
ing the vacation weeks.
There is a curiously named literary soci
ety in London, the full title of which is the
*'Udd-volumes-united-once-a-mouth-to-form
a-perfect-set(e; object, conviviality and mil
tual admiration." It is commonly kuown as
'•_ Sette of Odd Volumes."
The General Tcnnsatlantique Steamship
Lino has submitted to the Canadian Gov
ernment a tender to run steamers weekly
between Havre and Quebec by way of
Plymouth or Southampton. They have de
posited .100,000 as a guarantee .of tlieir
ability to carry out the contract. .
A cold wave, as defined by Professor T.
Russell, is a fall of temperature . in tw"_***riy
four hours of 20 degrees over an area of 50,
--000 square miles, the temperature in some
art of this area descending lo 36 degrees.
Between ISSO and 1890 no less than 691 cold
waves were recorded iv the United States.
In Alsace, not far from Worth, there is
now a monument to the young Englishman
who was the first victim in the Franco-
German War. Young Lieutenant Wiuslow,
who was attached to the Germany Army,
was shot while reconnoitering with the
stuff by one of the first bullets fired on the
French side.
The Anti-Tobacco Society of France has
just lost its doyen— a M. Renaudin, who died
at Ville Evrard, in his one hundred and
sixth year. He bad not used tobacco once
in his life, according to his own boast, aud
was invariably named in the pamphlets of
toe society as a proof of what non-smoking
can do for a man.
The prospective reorganization of the
Dutch army will raise its total fighting force
to 240,000 men. The present peace army of
the Netherlands contains 05.000 men, and
may be increased In case of war by 41,000
active militia and 75,275 ■ inactive militia.
The total army on a war footing is therefore
approximately 180,000 strong.
The new Public Library at Boston will be
a building lv which Bostouians will take
great pride, s Oue of the details of the glass
work has been announced. The panes in
transoms will in many cases repeat famous
bindings of books treasured iin | the great
public and private libraries. The library is
to have mural decorations, designed <by
E. a. Abbey. ]imj» ■ mi^i .ii M'j_*iT^uii f-iM. > i_tjL_pt *j* c
- The corn crop for 1890 in the twelve fol
low ing States is thus estimated.-" Illinois,
224,628,712; Indiana, 105,038,192; Ohio, 92,
--229,123;-Kentucky, 50.920,446; Missouri,
1-4.5.8,012; Kansas, 98,247,058; Wisconsin,
41,487,920; Michigan, 41,835,311; lowa, 208,
--454,880: Nebraska, 74,484,000; Minnesota,
22,382' Dakota, 19,592,004— total of 1,
--229,888,374 bushels. .- . - - ■
"The Holy Carpet," which is now being
brought back to Cairo, where it will have
to submit to tbe Indignity of quatautiue for
fifteen days, Is one of those which are peri
odically taken to Mecca, there to bo sancti
fied, and Is made of a thick sort of silk, em
broidered with letters of gold, each I letter
being two feet in - length - aud • two I inches
broad, lt I covers i what is ' known >as ■ the
Allah, or inner sanctuary .:■ of ' the
temple. • , ;: . ... „■.-■..;;■ ■■,- .-. ■■- .. .'-.--_
. During the twelve months ended the 31st
of March last the estimated number of let
ters delivered in I the United Kingdom was
1,650,100,000, which shows an increase of 5.9
per cent,: and an average number to each
person of 43.6. ; '1 wo hundred and seventeen
million, one hundred thousand * post cards
were delivered: which showed an increase of
7.8 per cent. Book packets 1 and . circulars
numbered 441,900,000, i and ; newspapers 159,
--300,000.
JOHN AND WIN THROP.
A Whaling Bark That Brought
a Disaffected Crew.
Story Told by a Patient ia the Marine Hospi-
tal— The Captain Gives His Account of
the Trip-To G-. Int. Court.
■ Since the arrival of the whaling bark John
and Winthrop iv p .rt a number of charges :
of cruelty have been made against the cap -
tain, John A. Cook, by the seamen. The
truth of the matter will '■ probably be devel
oped before the United States Commissioner
this morning, before whom the captain will
appear to answer to a charge made by Joe'
King, who shipped on the bark as a boat
steerer and returned as an ordinary seaman.
A reporter ot Tub Call interrogated one
of the crew of the bark at the Marine Hos
pital yesterday afternoon. The ticket at
the head of the patient's cot read as follows :
"No. 37— Charles Black; age, 35; native of
California; compound fracture both bones
of right leg; admitted November lith."
Black's story was to the effect that he
had shippei on the John and Winthrop as
blacksmith and seaman, leaving this port on
December 11th last On the afternoon of
August 4th he was one of a crew of a boat
in charge of the second mate that lowered
after a whale. He was surprised at being
ordered to go, as it is not customary to send
the blacksmith when there are plenty of
seamen for duty. He also wondered at only
one boat being lowered, when the custom is
to send at least two.
'--.■
-.- ... „ CAPSIZED THE BOAT.
When the whale was struck it stove in
and capsized the boat. Tho mate and him
self clung to the wreck and the rest of the
crew, numbering five, were in the water.
The captain lowered a boat aud went after
the whale, failing to strike it. Tho whale
attacked the wrecked boat and broke my
right leg with its tail. The captain's boat
came back and picked us all up, except
Charles Collins, whose breast was injured
and who sank. Another boat was lowered
and the whale was captured.
Black said that the captain had treated
him well during the voyage. lie corrobor
ated the articles published against the cap
tain, charging him with bat temper and
cruelty, and without being directly respon
sible for the death by drowning of the sail
or, Charles Collins, in falling to rescue him
instead of continuing the pursuit of the
whale whlcu wrecked the second mate's
boat. The cruelty alleged consisted of
tricing up a seaman named Walter and be
laboring some of the crew with a handspike.
THE CAPTAIN'S STORY.
Captain Cook was also seen yesterday
and questioned about the charges made
against him by his ctew. His account was
as follows: "On the night of April 7th my
ship was on fire. We put out the fire and
then I crawled below and found a five-pound
meat tin tilled with tar-oil and wrapped in
tarred rope. We were then in the Japan
Sea. The next morning I ordered all
hands on deck ami made an investigation
into the incendiarism. Suspicion fell upon
four men, two of whom, William Ritchie
and Lewis U. Kilbourn, convicted them
selves by confessing their crime during the
day. I then discovered a plot to scuttle,
burn or take posse. sion of the ship, and it
did not taKe me many minutes to impress
my crew with the fact that I had taken the
bark out of port and intended to take her
back. 1 put Kitchie and Kilbourn in irons,
but it was nut long before they were again
on duty after promising good behavior. 1
gave them no chance to fraternize with the
crew during the remainder of the voyage.
According to their testimony James McGre
gor was the ringleader, but I could not
prove the charge. - v ;,:
DESPERATE CHARACTERS.
"My crew was made up of desperate char
acters, who regarded my kindness toward
them as an acknowledgement of my inabil
ity to command them. They drove me to
the wall, and then became aware that they
had a captain who could and did conquer
them. ..
"I have read the charges against me in
the articles published, and deny every
of them most emphatically. If there was
any truth in the absurd statements made by
the mutinous seamen i could not have
shipped all my crew aft within forty-eight
hours after mv arrival in port. Everyone
of that new crew have sailed before under
me. "'- ■ •*■ _im_><'<W|W __Jfttfi___{
"The complaint upon which I have been
arrested was made by Joe King, who shipped
as a boat-steerer. He was quarrelsome, in
competent, and 1 caught him unmercifully
beating a boy. On account of his ill-temper
I had him pat in irons for twenty-four hours
and took away his position as uoat-steerer.
"Stewart, the boy who told the yarn about
me, has gone Best He had run away from
home, and his mother sent him money to
take him back to her.
"I will give any of my crow a chance to
make their statements against me when my
trial comes on before the Commissioner, and
1 feel perfectly confident that I can make
them all perjurers before the trial termi
nates." ' - : -'-"" '■ ".":'".
EVIL INFLUENCES.
Rot. Mr. Gray I'ra-ch-- on the Power
of I'erv.r-o Women.
- Rev. Mr. Gray preached last evening to a
large congregation in the People's Church,
Metropolitan Temple, on "The Evil Influ
ences of Wicked Women." He began with
an allusion to the philosopher's words that
"love is the greatest tiling in tbe world." .
"The greatest of our gifts," said he, "when
it becomes tarnished becomes the greatest
if all evils. Whoever lifts his hand against
ttie holy face of love walks in darkness, and
they Who follow walk in darkness after. In
this complex niture of oars womankind
plays a great and a marvelous part. We
may talk as we please about men filling
woman's sphere, and women men's— it is
unnatural, and God never willed that it
should be so." . -
The preacher contended that it were bet
ter that they should stay in their respective
spheres. And continuing he quoted from
scripture: "The woman whose ways incline
to death is a utrnnge woman," which led his
theme on to the evil influences of the sa
loon, "since women, whose lives were be
ginning ' to bend from the virtuous
path, have been allowed to conduct
and pass - their time in - these
places, he asserted, the criminal life of this
city has become quadruple in its wickedness.
The degraded and evil life led by women in
the dives and saloons was pictured in
its full horrors, and the evil influence of
these creatures as meaning that a pervcrsed
heart is a ruin. With this was contrasted
pure and holy love of woman. "You may
change the current of a man's thoughts ami
also a woman's, and men may see the evils
of their way on one side and good upon the
other," the preacher said ; "but when you
poison the region of the heart — the soul—
when we get into the interior of our own be
ing and find that place becomes polluted it
seems impossible "to renew it or move it to
repentencu. ■ It is said by the sisters of the
Roman Catholic ' Church, whose merciful
work brings them in contact with versed
women, that few Who go that way ever re
turn."
- Mr. Gray dilated on the beautiful quali
ties of the good woman and showed that
they were equally powerful in their influence
over men when perversed. .And he claimed
that it is the ■ duty of Christians to pray,
labor, watch and be charitable to save and
help all who may come under the shadow of
these influences. "3suX-_S_S_n_M9Efiß_t
NOSE ASD LEG BROKEN.
A BolUr-91-ker Falls From a Car, With
.." :.'•-' Bf*riou« Keiults. .
; James O'Reilly, a boiler-makor, fell from
a Hayes^street cable-car last evening and
sustained a fractal, of the nasal bom* and
had his left leg broken - below the s knee.
The unfortunate man was intoxicated, and
in getting off the car fell forward. -The
fender of the car broke his leg. The acci
dent Happened .on Market street, opposite
First. O'Reilly is about 60 years of • age.
His injuries were attended at the Receiving
Hospital. .; The wounds are not mortal. -
... Kan Down by a .able-Car. .*
_x-_.l_.e_an James I ..lattery met j with a
serious accident yesterday afternoon at the
"corner of Howard and Eighth streets, and
though bruised and ! shaken up severely had
a fortunate escape from ' a worse fate. " He
was driving in a buggy and turned aside to
allow a Folsom -streetcar to pass, but in so
doing forgot the cable-cars on Howard street,
one of which collided with bis buggy, smash
ing it to pieces and mixing himself up iv the
debris. -.When taken out he was removed to
the .Receiving Hospital for medical ; treat
ment. ":;-.-; ■■: -..._". •'■-.:: .-.'-■ ■ ■..' y f
Tried to Drown Blmseir.
.'. George : Mngeo Jumped lato Iho bay from
Howard-street Wharf yesterday afternoon
while f under the ■ influence of • liquor. He
. •*. as rescued by sailors who saw hint plunge
into the water.. At the Oity Prison Hospital
- __agee remarked that he I did * not want •to
live any longer and tried to drown himself,
but on second i thought and when sober be
declared he would uot do su again. , r ,-. -. *
MISCELLANEOtTS.
WORKMEN
Need not quit work or lay up. No danger of taking '■
cold on It or being Interrupted by violent purging,
debilitating sickness or pain. Simmons Liver Regu-
lator acts so gently and naturally that you hardly
know it is the effect of medicine. It is better than
a dose of pills, sure to act, easily taken, no bad
taste, and sure to cure.-. Such a medicine for man,
woman and child should bo kept in every bouse, as '
It prevents sickness and saves money. J. H_ 00,
Mlddleport, Ohio, writes: "; "nave taken Regulator
with satisfaction ; can safely recommend it to all
afflicted with liver complaint. I have been subject
to congestion or the liver and have taken from 15
to 20 grains of calomel, which generally laid me up
for three or ; four days. Lately I take Simmons
Liver Regulator, which gives me relief without auy
Interruption to business."
: ocl SOW WeFrMo
. . -■ - ■- .•:-.-:
AUCTION SALES. J^-/
GRAND AUCTION SALE
Of l.ich and Elegant Furniture, Carpets,
■ Mirrors, Etc. - ■
H. J. SIMMONS, AUCTIONEER,
IV ILL, Si_l_l_ THIS DAY.
Monday November 10, 18_o,
•' At 10 o'clock A. M..
At 1057 M-.r1.--t street, near Seventh,
All of the* Nearly -Jew and Costly •
PARLOR, BED and DINING ROOM FURNITURE
Axiniuster and __odv ]J>ru_>sel_i Carpets; Gold-frame
Mantel Mirrors; Oak, Walnut and Cherry Folding
Beds; Center Tables, Wardrobes, Book-cases, Cyl-
inder Desks. Clilir.ml. rs, ".-tension Tables, side-
boards. Hall-stands, Lace Curtains and Draperies;
..Nearly New Itody lirussels and Tape-try Car-
pets and Rugs; Fine i.:.r._. .-> with fixtures com-
plete, and a large line of other Vine furniture too
numerous to mention, being the former contents
of _ elegantly furnished houses. ■ ■ -
M. J. SIMMONS. Auctioneer, i
N. B.— Owing to the large quantity or elegant fur-
niture and carpels this sale will commence at 10
o'clock a. M. sharp. Remember the hoar. no 9 '-tt
EDWARD S. SPEAR & CO.,
Furniture, Book and General Auctioneers,
HI and 33 Sutter Street.
FURNITURE
....AT....
AUCTION!
MONDAY AND TUESDAY, NOVEMBER
■p^- : . 10TH AND 11TH, 1890,
Commencing each day at 10 o'clock a. m. on the
* '-..■■ premises, \^--'
1043 Market St., bet. 6th and 7th,
We will sell by catalogue by order of
H. FUFSCHMIDT & SONS,
(On account of absolutely retiring from business),
Their Entire Maffnlflcpnt Stock of
EASTERN PARLOR, BED-ROOM, LIBRARY
AND DINING-ROOM FURNITURE
. ..'..AND....
KICII UPHOLSTERY.
....ALSO ...
50 DOZEN CANE AND WOOD SEAT CHAIRS.
Note,— The attention of all Intending buyers of
Fine Furniture is called to this truly absolute auc-
tion -ale of fine goods, as they are all of the lateit
style and finish, and were imported lor the best
retail trade.
EDWARD S. SPEAR A CO.. Auctioneers.
poB 4t 31 and it- Sutter street-
GEORGE F. LAMSON,
-TIONE_K A COMMISSION HEBCHANT,
„5 Kearny st.. bet. California aud I'lao.
THIS DAY,
Monday. Noreiti'ipr 10. 18110. at 11 o'clock,
on t!i« premises. _ il'* I*o-t st., I will sell
the Furu.luro of Xt*>-iden. c.
Comprising 2 Walnut Chamber Suits: 1 Oak Cham-
ber Suit; three-quarter Bedsteads: Spring and Hair
Mattresses; Feather Pillows: Blankets; Spreads;
Bedding; Brussels Carpets: Rugs; Toilet Sets: 1
Clog-. no. _t
Real Estate Agents and General Auctioneers,
14 MONTGOMERY ST., S.F.
SPECIII MICTION SALE
....0F....
REAL ESTATE
THURSDAY.
iniUSDAT .....NOVEMBER 13, 1890
At 12 O'clock M..
AT SALESROOM,
Bt Order of .
The Hiberma Savings & Loan Society
TWO LOTS IN FAIRMODNT TRACT,
ON I.INK OF
S. P. R. R., NEAR MISSION -ST. HORSE-CARS.
Kearny-street Property.
Lot on the -west line of Kearny st., 112:6 feet
south of Ureeuwlch: siae, 1*5x87:6. **-_*
. Tll_ LAND LOTS— l'ortlou of Block 809, and
Desirable Business, Residence and
Investment Properties.
California-street Residence.
An elegant home on California St., No. 1711. be-
tween Van .less aye. and Franklin; contains 8
rooms ant. bath: lauudry: brick foundations, stone
sidewalks and ail modern improvements; lot '_-6:6 x
137:6.
Cook-street Cottage.
33 Cook St.. near Geary: bay- window cottage of 5
rooms and bath: and lot 27xl'_. near tbe Gearj-
strt-t-t road.
McAllister-Street Corner.
SW. cor. of McAllister and I. yon sts.; lot 31 :.-x
100; also a lot, '.6xloo, adjoining on McAllister st.;
stre«twork done ou both streets; Hats will yield a
handsome Income on investment.
Stevenson-street Flats.
Two flats.lB6.-60 1_ Stevenson St.. bet. Nineteenth
and Twentieth: containing 5 and 6 rooms aud bath
each; brick foundations, laundry, etc.; all modern
improvements: rents $45; Jot _6x.0.
South San Francisco Property.
North side of Fifteenth aye., 150 feet west or N
St., size of lot TfiXlOO; north side of Tenth aye.. 75
r<Ml east of C. 75x100; south side of Fifteenth aye., .
150 feet west of J St., 75x100.
Folsom-street Building Lot.
' Fine bnlldlne lot on east line of Folsom St., 75
feet south of Nineteenth St., size 26x100.
22 Lois Id Linden Homestead Tract, Oakland,
Fronting on Minna St., adjacent to Telegraph aye.;
these lota are level, on the grade* and ready for
building; commanding a fine view; l'leduiout cable
road one and a half blocks distant: lots 26x100
each; terms— one-third cash, balance in 6 or l'_
months at seven 1 7) percent.
For further particulars apply to -
G. U. I Jilts. -N & CO..
0c29 noli 16910 1 1 12 13 14 Montgomery st.
. "Of all sad words or tongue or pen ii.
saddest are these, 'It might have been.' "
IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN
A DURABLE, LIGHT-RUNNING
"DOMESTIC"
Instead of that cheaply made machine for which
good money was foolishly squandered. ~.
. Bur a "DOMESTIC*' and enjoy your la-
vestineut. . . ''r-''.\^^SSBflKM^H^d__________B
J. W. EVANS, Cen'l Agent,
EG Post Sti'oet.
'■ ■ - ■•■ - -au_7ptf - -■•■■-. '■,"....
Damiana
& Bitters
\fr i^'fr^Vj The (-Tent Mexican Remc-jr
V. <.>_i",r^, J tat DJ_ord_rs of the Kldne-.
_»V_v „ __f and "ladder. Gives health and ;
-I r_lf*e__Wftfo. ; atrer.gth to the . »'«'!»! Oreans.
NABER, ALFS & BRUME,
883 .mil 885 HAI- ii.*-: 1' ST.. 8. F., VLINXS
GRAND HOTEL
NOT CLOSED!
CAN ACCOMMODATE" AN, UNLIMITED NUM-
ber of guests. ■ /. - ; .■-.■: •-.-..- ... : -^... .
--■ no» 7t '.----" ■:'■•:■ S." F. TI.QI-N. Managrer.*'
■ fil 1 ftp It 19 a fact univeri-il** cnnrmoa
1/ Bl ll II I th.«tue kxab« surpasses all otasg
Mif-ut — piftMno
A. L. UANUiiOF I * CO.. r 111 IS 11 A
1.2 fust street. a iniivv
_■ - :<;:, '_. 'V ci ril. v s^. - -
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