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r PION K K II L 1 F E IN Till NORTH-WEST. BY JKN.NIK J0NH3. The spirit of progression and civiliza tion never leej8. It travelled tho rock bound shores of New England, and whis pered in the ears of her hardy sons those thrilling words "Young men, go West." and the inevitable Yankee buckled on his knapsack and went. It tolls the people everywhere that the earth is large enough to accommodate the entire human family, for the present at least, if they are prop erly uistributed ; that crowding is unnec essary and uuhealthy, and that the people who understand these great truths, some of them at least, are wise enough to act in harmony with them, and the ludance will reap the consequence of their igno rance and folly. Why do men go to new countries to Irve f There are a great many reasons, which operating in harmony, induce men to set tle in new countries. Theygenerally go stimulated by the hope of bettering their condition, jiecuniary and otherwise; for the emigrant is usually poor; sometimes the heartless MMM of a wealthy neigh bor ma be th Hror man discontented and miserable oniciinis the cold and cruel slights of lis arletcc .to annoy and chafe the proud spirit of the unfortunate ioor. Sometime Mind devotion to wealth, and the base social ostaaeteM of the poor, ren der life a curse. Sometimes men tire of and get disgusted with the criminal ec centricities of fashionable life, and ant for something substantial, thirst for some thing decent, sicken of brainless affecta tion and fashionable dissimulation, get enough of costly egotism and a poverty stricken hypocrisy and actually become tainted with the charming essence of meanness, besmeared with the oil of swell-head-ativeness, filled with the sap of green-horn-ativeness. which usually ulti mates in general distressedness. Somo go into new countries to get rid of the de bilitating effects of sickly sentimentality, the legitimate offspring of a decaying civ ilization. Some go to get more intellectual and physical freedom, to shako off un wholesome restraint. Some go in pursuit of fame and worldly glory. Some go to achieve a more manly and womanly inde- j pendence, to develop a purer and more re- j liable individuality. Some go to strength en their bruit i exjand their minds and purify their hearts. Others are urged on by their love of adventure. Others are attracted by the strange fascination, va ried experiences, and occasional dangers incident to pioneer life, and a few, out of ' idle curiosity follow the car of civilization to the ragged edge of civilization. Kx trad from an address tyi Hon. Nelson W. Wheeler, before the old Settler' Association. 1 j HISTORICAL THK RADON STATU. "Wisconsin was organized as a territory on the 4th of July, 1836. Upon that luy a minuto was made ujxm page 3 of the original executive territorial records by : John 8. Homer, Secretary of State, to the j effect that 'ujion consultation with his Kx- . cellency, Henry Dodge, Governor, he had devised and engraved the annexed Seal of Wisconsin Territory, as emblematic of , tho mineral resources of Wisconsin. Cost $40.' Annexed to this minute is a thick wafer impression of the seal. It is two and one-quarter inches in diameter; ujKn the scroll surrounding tho seal are the words, 'Great Seal of Wisconsin Territo- ' ryf a miner's arm projects from the left, grasping a pick and suspending it over a pile of mineral ore; under the base line are the words, 4th day of July, Anno Dom ino, 1836.' Documents on file show that this seal was used as late as October 7, : 1838. "Upon a document dated Angus' f, 1S30, a new seal appears. This second Territo rial Seal is more elaborate than ihe first. It is two and one-third inches in diame ter; upon the surmounting scroll are the ! words, 'The Great Seal of the Territory of Wisconsin ;' in the foreground is a farm- ; er plowing; in the centerground on a ; landscape, are a sheaf of wheat, a cob houso of pig-metal, and an Indian erect; 1 on the left side, in water, is a steamboat on the right, is a scudding yacht; in the i upper distance, right hand, is a flouring : mill ; in the upper centre is the old Capitol while above is the motto, 'Civilitas suc cessit barbarian.' It is known that this seal was used as late as October 1, 1841). "The third Seal and the first used by the State was precisely like the preced ing one, with the word 'State' substituted for 'Territory.' This was first used on the 1st of March, 1850; the description was not tiled until the 2'ith. It was in use as late as Novemlter 6th, 1851. The seal it self with its two predecessors, cannot to day lie found, only impressions thereof, attached to public documents, lieing in ex istence among the archives of the State. "The second great Seal of the State is !ie one now in use; a description thereof was recorded December 2'.lth, 1851, but in regard to the origin of the design tho records are silent. It appears, however, upon careful investigation that the Seal was procured by Gov, Nelson Dewey in 1851, (fatting bis MCOnd term as Governor of the Stat.', nod deposited with records by the Secretary of State, William A. liar stow. It seems that Gov. Dewey, evident ly considering tho old Territorial Seal, which had len revamped for State pur poses, to bo a clumsily arranged affair, had applied to Chancellor Lathrop, of the University of Wisconsin, to devise an ap propriate State Seal. The Chancellor com plied with this request, but all remem brance of tho character of the design furnished by him has paused away except that it contained a Latin motto. Governor Dewey tVing in New York city soon after was ahout to have a seal engraved there- on indeed was on his wav to the entrrav er's office when he chanced to meet on Wall street the Hon. E. O. Ryan, after ward Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. Stepping into an office hard by, with his Wisconsin friend, the Gov ernor produced Chancellor Lathrop'e de sign, wliich Mr. Ryan disappr ovingly crit icised, the Latin motto, being in his eyes, particularly objectionable. The Lathrop design was accordingly alandoned, and these two citizens of Wisconsin, in this busy thoroughfare of the nation's metrop olis, then and there designed the nresent Seal and Coat of Arms of their adopted Commonwealth. Being in New York State, her motto, 'Kxcelsior,' doubtless eame the most prominently to mind, itnd suggested the correlative one of 'For ward ;' the Itadger was introduced as the crest, btfop the term by which the inhab itants of Wisconsin were known; theot-hei emblems are self-suggestive. Following is the official description filed in the office of the Secretary of State : The scroll surmounting the upper part of the seal reads Great Seal of the State of Wisconsin,' followed tielow by 13 stars for the original States of the Union. The shield is quartered, the quarters bearing resj)ectively, a plow fur agriculture, an arm and held hammer for manufacture, a crossed shovel and pick for mining, and an anchor for navigation, representing the industrial pursuits of the people of the State. The arms and motto of the United States are borne on the shield, in token of the allegiance of the State to the Union. The base point of the shield rests upon the horn of plenty and a pyramid of lead ore. The supporters are a yeoman resting a pick representing lalior by land, and a sailor holding a coil of rope, repre senting labor by water. The crest is a badger, the popular designation of the State, surmounting a scroll tearing the vernacular motto 'Forward.' "It is popularly supposed that the terra 'Badger' was applied to our people and State because of the abundance of these animals within our borders. But euch is not the fact. Previous to 1835,there were, except at the military forts and missiona ry and trading-station, and in the lead mines of the southwest, very few white people located within the Territory. The characteristic terra of 'Badger arose in the lead region. The miners wore of two grades those who stayed all the year round at the 'diggings,' and those who came up from Illinois only to operate during the summer season. The perma nent residents having but little time or material to construct regular huts were accustomed to burrow into the hill-sides semi-subterranan cells largo enough for cooking and bunking purjxwes. This pe culiar mode of life, being similar to that of the badger an animal then plentiful enough in the lead regions suggested the term of 'badger holes,' as applied loth to the cave-like homes and the sunken shafts of the resident miners, while tho latter themselves wore termed 'Badgei s.( On the other hand the Illinois itinerants would come up in the spring and return in the fall, in the same manner as tho sucker' being in the 'diggings, but a short season, they did not sink regular shafts, and burrowed under the earth along the mineral veins, like the 'Badger' miners, but opened large quarry-pits, seeking float-lead and that ore which could be obtained near the surface. The itinerants were called 'Suckers' from tho similarity of their migratory habits to those of the cutastomus, and to distin guish them from the resident 'Badgersx, while the open pits scooped out by the former were designated 'Suckcr-hoh s.' Tho lead mine region in Southwestern Wisconsin is still plentifully besprinkled with these 'Sucker holes.' exhausted and abandoned by the early visitors from over the Illinois border. The distinguishing appellations. 'Badger' and 'Sucker,' be came, as an obvious sequence, character istic terms applied to the entire people of the States of Wisconsin and Illinois re spectively, and to the states themselves. It was, therefore because of tfall time honored and accepted designat ion of Wis consin and its inhabitants that the badger was chosen as its armorial crest and we. became, officially as well as popularly, 'The Badgei- State.'" Madison Journal INDIAN TKorm.KS. In 1851 a vast territory, embracing the water-shed of the Chippewa l iver, was in cluded in a single county, bearing, a: does : ft pari of it at this time, the name of ! : Chippewa. The nearest trading oint or , , settlement below was at La ('rosso. The CbippeWfl Indians were numerous 1 ' and insolent, and tinny were the skirmish I os that took place bit ween them and their hereditary foes, the BioUX, generally re- , I suiting in disaster ami loss of scalps to I the forme!1 tribe. Had it not lieen for I the deadly animosities existing betwi en these two hostile tribes, there is no doubt that the whites would have found much ! more trouble in settling Northern Wiscon l sin than they did. The Chippewa's looked to the whites as somo protection against their deadly and more than equal foes. , Yet there are many unrecorded instances, I still fresh in tho minds of the early pio : necrs of the country, of trouble, and oven of bloodshed in which the Indians played i a part. To the shame of the whites be it ! said that the "fire water" of the pale faces was generally the chief cause of all tho ; trouble, for when solcr, tho Indians generally regarded the settlers as their j friends. In 1852 Oliver Gillert owned and run a j saw-mill on Gilbert's Creek, ono of the I many lumlcring tributaries of the Red j Cedar, now Menomonie. Gillwrt owned tho mill, a store, and also plenty of whis j ky. The firm of Knapp & Tainter also owned a large saw-mill on tho Menomonie at the place where the town of Menomonie now stands, and 1J miles above Gillert'B mill. Gilbert often sold whisky to Taint- : er's men, and also to the Indians, in fact to any one who wanted to buy and could pay for it. Indian and whisky traders al ways found a large supply on hand, and much mischief was the result of its lav ish distribution. Ono Wycome, a lawless rough and out law kept a trailing post, or rather a whis ky post a I .out thirty miles above Knapp & Tainter's mill. One night a party of Indians went to Wycome's house, and in a drunken frenzy j stablied and killed Wycome. They placed i him in his led, and then, not yet content i with their devilish work, they took an- other white man, named Joe Shaw, and forced him to lie in tho same bed with Wycome's laxly all night. It was a terri ble night for Joe, and the circumstances were not such as to woo quiet slnmlier. He afterward confessed that no ono with tho ague ever shook worse than did he with fear and horror. In the morning tho Indiana released him, and he went in all haste to the mill of Knapp At Tainter. This was not the first trouble that had been caused by the too free use of whis kv.and so ex asperated, past all endurance, Capt. Wilson, one of the tirin ot Knapp & Tainter lead ihonl thirty of the men to ' work for that firm, and going down toGil- bert's mill, knoek d iu tiie heads and emptied the contents of a large tuimlior of whisky barrels. The precious lever age, ran down the road and through a barn-y.ird to a creek. After leaving the Imrn-yard it found a fall of two feet. So besotted and lost to every sense of de cency will men Itecome, by the use of the foul t-tutf, that they will snatch at it though they know that it is lull of jMtison d filth. At this fall some of Gilbert's en and some half-breed Indians caught pails full of the filthy stuff, and that night a drunken row and a street fight took place, the last, however, that was over en- , joyed (?) from that batch of whisky. In the mean time a ij ty of whites captured the Indian who had killed Wycome, brought him down to Knapp & Tainter's and at the blacksmith shop had a pair of 1 iron shackles made and riveted around his legs with a few links of chain be- : tween. The historical Indian stoicism de serted him, for he turned as pale as his swarthy skin would allow, and trembled like an aspen leaf. He begged for mercy, and made some of the best of promises for future good conduct. The double rea son of Wycome lieing held in such low esteem, many lieing glad to be rid of his evil influence, and the wish not to enrage and make dangerous enemies of the Indi- 1 ans by executing vengeance on ono of j their huuiImm- prevailed, and the red-skin was finally released. He kept his prom ises as far as the whites were concerned. ! He was killed by the Sioux some six or i eight years afterward. I As an example that virtue does some times have its reward, even in this world, we will state that the firm of Knapp & Tainter, now known as Knapp, Stout & Co., are to-day the most prosperous lum bering company anywhere in the North west. A fine town, almost a city, known as Menomonie, stands where their mill and its accompanying business buildings, or rather shanties, stood only a few years ago, and this company are owners of un counted wealth. (iilliert, the whisky-seller, who for the paltry love of gain, dispensed the fire water freely among Indians and whites alike, thereby stirring up discord, drunk enness and murder, has sunk into ob livion, and his wherualKtuts, if living, is not now known to his former associates and acquaintances. THK "NRTTRAL OlinrND." As has leen stated in tho foregoing ar ticle, the Chippewa and Sioux triles of In dians were deadly enemies. Besides the wars that were waged, and they met many times in fierce conflict, them were many conflicts of a lesser nature, which if recounted, would furnish a bloody jwige in savOge history. So bitter was tho hatred of these warlike bands, that two, Ixdong ing to the hostile trills, seldom met with out a conflict, and the scalp of one or the other often decorated the belt of tho vic tor. There was a strip of land, a number of miles in extent, lying between the lands owned and used us hunting grounds by these tribes, which was known as "Neu tral Ground." On this neutral ground neither Chippewa or Sioux often ventured. The forest abounded in game which roam ed, almost tame, because unmolested. Wild ducks and geese glided over the streams. Partridges tuned their cease less dram. Prairie fowls crowed without disturbance. The soft eyes of the deer and fawn looked out from the shrubbery, with a scarcely startled look. It would have been a very paradise for an Indian hunter, but Death lay within its borders, Sometimes, not often, an Indian from ei ther side, in hot pursuit of game would bo lund beyond the border bul too many whi tening skeletons were already bleaching be Death the summer's sun OT winter's snow, and silently warned a retreat. Pof many years alter the whites settled this region, and Oreo to this day. Indians observe this neutral ground, and seldom venture be yond its outer limit. The city of Ban Claire is situated with in this limit, and wdiile other new towns, all through this upper region, swarmed with Indians, while their blankets, red, and blue, and white, and green, VON to Ih? seen on every street corner, and a brisk Indian trade was carried on in game, furs, berries, i Ice, etc., in Eau Claire an Indian was seldom seen. Sometimes one, solitary and alone, would venture in, would glance around iu a half-frightened way, tad would silently end suddenly die appear, and months would elapse ere an other would be so liold as to visit tho place. This peculiar state of affars is now nlniost forgotten. Ban Claire, to-day, is a city of some P2,()(H) inhabitants, and is rapidly increasing in wealth and Hernia tion. Here may lie seen people from nearly all nations on tho face of the globe, and a .score of Indians would hardly lie noticed but they are as shy as ever, and their neutral ground is sacredly regarded. Sometime since tho author of these sketches contributed the following lines to an Baa Claire paper. They will bear a reprint here : hat OUM Where the noble ( IblppeWN Coursing downward t tho sea, Itenrlnjc onward on its wafer-. Promise of the tren th to lie. Takes Into Its deep embrace, A river bearing M nt so fair, From tho pine tree he i i Iuk downward O'er Its borders sweet Eau Clalrc. Stnndu a city In a valley . Where the sunshine loves to dwell. Closed around by wHided hllMdos, Whence the tiiiirmurlnir breezes swell, None within our busy Wcstland, Hears a prouder front to-day, In the tolling engine briiiKlmr Wealth of freight from far away. See the busy life mid action, Ilear the mill wheels ce tselcss whir, 8oe the marts of trade and traffic, 1 Mark how consoles are their stir. BchH)ls Of learning printing presses. Ail that older cities priz", Pointing upward unto Heaven See tho ninny ehurol spires rise. I close my eyes as In a vision, And methlnks 'tis but a dream. Only Fancy's pnlntod picturo 'might and nilrrnwed In the streami Am 1 waking, or a-droaminir? Ago of miracles! art thou past? Will my c: t v fade at morning? Or U It real and to last? Scarce two-nooro years have passed. Since tbo wild bjrd'a passing note Only w k tan Biuinnering ecnoea That upon hor waters Mont. Here roamed wild boars, black and shaggy. I'll-1 lit in i.e. I lived deer and doe; Timorous ben .is know scarce a terror. For they scarcely knew a foe. E'en th i India V atoalthy loot full Whs mi unknown, tuifoarod sound. For th'-sc warlike trtboi no'er venture I Upo i this, their "neutral ground." , u those waters gilding seaward, Wealt.i of freight do yoarty boar, From tin1 forests, stretching northward. Grown for ages, strong and fair. Undeveloped springs of power. Sealed within the n.yitiopiigiM Which the m viug years unfold. VrtSt improvement yet aro waiting. Yet will bless this valley fair; And eacn year will add new boautiea To my city gran I Km Claire. I.rMIIKMNO. Wisconsin and Northern Minnesota pos sessed rich lumbering regions which were worked many years before actual settlers took up their atMle and made homes there. The woshIs swarmed with men during the winter season, but were de serted by all save Indian hunters during tho summer. Supplies were hauled two to three hundred miles to furnish these lumbering camps. Logs were at first floated down the Mississippi or other points far below tho pineries to mills for manufacture, but in time, mills were built farther north, and rude, rough settle ments, comjMised prm.-ipitlly of men, sprung up around them. To supply these lumUn-ing camps, and also the settlements around the mills, much farm produce was required, and it invariably brought a giKsl trice, and for this reason, farmers penetrated farther into the northern soli tudes, and at an earlier date than they would otherwise have done. In these northern parts lumbering may he said to have paved tho way for settlements and for agriculture. A scrap or two of history with regard to lu nils-ring may be of interest here: - The earliest mill in the present State of Wisconsin, and probably in the whole Northwest, was erected by Jacob Franz, bout the year ISO;). "He Hrst built a suw-mill and then a grist-mill. They were located on l rvil River, two or three miles east of Do l'nv, in the present coun ty of Brown, and were erected for Mr. Franks by an American named Dradley. In 1813 a brother of Mr. Orignon erected a grist and saw-mill on tho west side of Fox River about four miles above Green 13ay: in 1816, after the Americans had taken possession of that place, the Gov ernment having use for a large quantity of lumber for buildings in the garrison and other Fort purposes, caused a saw mill to be built on the Fox River at the Little Kankakee." From that time up to the year 1830, the history of lumbering recounts various at tempts to erect and run mills in the pine woods. Somo were successful, but the greatest difficulties were encountered. Here are one or two instances, given merely as samples. Wilfred Owens of Prairie du Chion. as sociated with two other men named An drews and Dixon, built a saw-mill on the Blaek River, and commenced sawing lum ber, but before they had done much busi ness, tho mill was burnt. Wippooed to have been set on tire by the Witinehagos. Tho mill was not rebuilt owing to tin; declared hostility of tho Winnebngos to it." This occurred about the year 1810. In 18'2'J three men, Hardin Perkins, Jo seph Rolette and J. P, Lookwood contract ed with Wabashaw's band of Sioux, who claimed the Chippewa country, for tho privilege of erecting a mill and cutting timber for it, and paying them alsmt one thousand dollars per year in goods. On a small stream running into the Me nomonie about twenty miles above its mouth this mill was erected, and was so near completion that the owners expected to commence sawing in a few days, when ono of those sudden freshets to which hilly countries are subject, came upon them and swept away the dam, mill and apjHuidages and tho owners returned to Prairie du Chien with families and hands. The mill was not rebuilt owing to the hostile feel ing that was manifested to the owners by the military powers "that were." In nearly all accounts of attempts at lumbering, given up to this time are men tioned serious difficulties with Indians, and with employee. It is greatly to be feared that in many of these troubles in early times, whisky played a too promi nent part. Hero is a scrap that will bo read with interest, principally on account of tho two names which have afterwards held so prominent a place in our nation's history, being in connection therewith. Who would think of a President of the United States, or of the noted, or rather notorious Rebel President, acting as pioneers in the lumbering business of Wisconsin? "In 1829, Col. Zachary Taylor, then com mandant at Prairie du Chien, sent a body of men to the pineries of the Menomonie river, to cut logs, hew sijuare timlior, and make plank and shingles to be used in the construction of the fort and its defenses. The party left in seven Mackinaw boats with ten men in each lioat. The party returned with the timber to Prairio du Chien, after enduring much suffering from cold weather and want of suitable provisions. Another party in 1820, under the charge of Lieut. Jefferson Davis was detailed to ascend the Mississippi in birch bark canoes. They proceeded to the mouth ot the Chippewa river, which stream they ascended until they came to the mouth of what is now called the Red (Vdar, and ascended some forty miles. At this point, where the thriving village of Menomonie now stands, and where the mammoth mills of Knapp. Stout & Co., are located, they dimembarked, and went into camp and la-tran their work. Tho required amount of timber was cut. rafted, and floated down to Prairie du Chien, anil used in tho construction of Fort Craw ford." A government saw-mill was built on what is now called (Jilbert's creek, the following season. The tirst exeilition mentioned was sent out iu 1829, and was tho commencement of liimla.'ring in the Northern Wisconsin pineries. IMIUKMH IN K Alii V HISTORY. The following information contributed by W. 8. Tippetts is unique in its way. The story about the blackbirds reads like a hunter's yam, and I do not feel called to vouch for the truth of it. but "tell the Ul M'lmtAMInm" I came to Fort Winncliago in 1838, and remained till 1840, when I was appointed conductor by Gov. Dodge for the removal of the Winnebagocs, and started from Portago with a fleet of 130 canoes and nine hundred Indians warriors, briTCs, men, women and children two Macki naw boats, and fifty soldiers of the United St&tes Fifth Infantry. We arrived in Prairie du Chien in seven or eight days, after various delays, such as the strag gling of the Indians. We had to have them all counted in their canoes each morning before starting. On the third morning one of the chiefs came to me and reported the illness of one of the squaws, and la-gged for delay. Our party would number one more when we resumed our journey. I let the whole party remain another hour, at which time the chief came to me and liegged for further delay, but I refused to irrant it until I went to ascertain the facts," says our informant, "The woman gave birth to three chil dren," ami he lurther adds, "this delayed us until afternoon (') "These Indians were all put on the west side of the Mississippi river." "I went by steamboat to La Crosse, which I found to lie covered with knolls and sand-bars. The banks of the river were about forty feet high, and sloped back almut one hundred feet from the water. There were here five or six Indian graves, made in the usual manner. At the head of one was a cross of red cedar hewn out, about six feet high. At the crossing a Bmall niche had been cut or carved out, and a piece of window-glass had been in serted, behind which a wooden image of Our Savior bad been inserted. This was a rough hewn cross, very old, to all ap pearance. "When I went to La Crosse in 1840, I found the United States troops there. While the boat remained at the landing we all visited the camp. They were in tents, and the officers dined on board our boat. We collected at North La Crosse about eight hundred or nine hundred In dians. We issued salt provisions to them which caused much sickness, the Indi ans being wholly unused to any thing salt. "Mr. Joseph Rolette, the head of the Fur Co. at Praire du Chien, offered me, if I would goto La Crosse in the Indian trade, a stock of ten thousand dollars woi-th of Indian goods, what 'engage' I wanted (which were men engaged in Canada for three years at eight dollars a month for work, and an allowance of a pint of' corn and a tallow candle a day for rations, with a northwest gun for killing game,) to inclose land and plant corn. I told him that the black-birds would not leave him a kernel of corn. "Pierre Parquette, an Indian trader at Beele Fountain in 1S36 put in one hundred and sixty acres of oats. When they were in milk in the month of June, he sent Indians and Iniys through, and with sickles cut swathes through them, gave them guns, a keg of powder and bags of shot, and had them shoot all day. The birds came from offthe rice on LakePuck away which was not yet ripe. They gath ered up at night by going through the swathe.s alone, twenty -three bushels of birds. I will further state that the next year, 1837, I put in ten acres of oats, and did not get back the seed, and in plowing, observing that the ground looked whitish, I found that there were innumerable black-birds skulls scattered all over it." wramnafo inoians. The Winnebagos, spoken of in the pre vious article, were removed to the west side of the Mississippi river; but they were restless ami discontented, and largo bodies of United Btatoo troopi bad to be stationed at different mints to keep thetn in good liehavior. In spite of all this, oc casional bands would stray back and cause trouble among the white settlers. They felt that they bad been dispossessed of their homes and hunting-grounds, and that, unjustly, by the whites, and a spirit of retaliation caused them to regard the settlers as their enemies. In the history of the Northwest, as in all other parts of America, this crowding out of tho Indians, and subsequent troubles with them, forms a sad chapter, which can only be looked back upon with sorrow, and almost with shame. It can only be excused on the Dawson theory of "the survival of the fittest." Tho lands belonged to them by the right of posses sion, yet they made no use of them save for hunting and fishing, and the cultiva tion of an occasional patch of corn, tended by the squaws. Grand possibilities lay undeveloped in these broad acres, and there were beautiful homes in waiting for thousands of industrious men and women. Put enough of speculation, Tho ground has all lieen gone over long ago by older philosophers without solving the prom lem whether it was right or wrong, or whether the end justified the means. After their removal the Indians receiv ed annual payments from the Govern ment. They were averse to receiving anything but silver coin, and I have heard old pioneers relate bow the Govern ment would send in four-horse wagons loaded with kegs of silver, heavily guard ed by United States soldiery. When it was distributed, then came lively times for the Indian traders. The too free sale of the Indian's destroyer pac-a mina (whisky,) was a fruitful cause of many murders and depredations that would not otherwise have occurred. Some of these will be narrated here after. HOW THHY KKPT HOTEL HUMOROfH IK CIDKNT8. Here is the experience of a house'where they had "quiet keeping tavern," and had forgotten to takedown the Bign: Wo were moving, and like most movers in those days, we had provisions with us, and had only needed feed for our teams, and a place to sleep. The proprietor was at work in a distant field, and a messen ger being dispatched to see him, he ac ceded to the arrangement, and sent in some oats in the bundle for our teams. we made ourselves comfortable, and in the morning finding that we had not quite enough feed, four more bundles of oats were sent in. When ready to go, we sought the proprietor of the house to pay our bill. We found him busy with a sheet of aper and pencil, figuring up our ac count ; and not until we had asked oor bill three times did he answer, accompanying the statement with the remark: "I didn't figure very close on them lour last bun dles of oats." The joke of the matter lay in the fact, notwithstanding the lack of close figuring on "them four last bundles of oats," out bill was twenty-five cents more ihan on the previous morning, when our Jarty of five had supper, breakfast and lodging. "Can you tell me the direct road to R.p asked a stranger, naming a town a few miles ahead. The Teutonic landlord looked up fintn the taper he was reading, and hMWOOatbjf asked : "Did you say pecrT" I think I did," said the stranger, see ing the nearest way to the required in. formation. The beer drank and paid for, the direc tion was given aceoiiqwuied with pro fuse invitations to call, if he camo that way again. Somewhere about the year 1850, a line of teams, belonging at Germautown.Quincy and vicinity came in sight, and the land lord at Dell Prairie remarked that he would rather see a band of Menomonie Indians. I To be Continued. Near Blackfoot, on the Utah and Northern railroad, a company of grad ers have found several bones of mam moth proportion, and it is decided that they are the remains of a mastodon. Among others is a thigh bone which has been sent to Yale College. There were several teeth, ono which measures twelve inches in length, and twelve inches wide and three inches thick Growing teterest in the movement against the church establishments of Great Britain appears in various parts of the empire, and it is expected that the subject will come up in parliament during the present session. Note has al ready been made of the agitation in Scotland, which of late has increasej rather than diminished, and it is expect ed now that an attack will be made on the small state church in India, with probably disastrous results to tho church. A Physician's Opinion. A physician, writing to The Journal of Health, in speaking of Brown's Iron Bit teni, having carfully analyzed its ingre dients, says. '"There is no other remedy in existence so harmless and yet so effective. No other compound shuold ever be used for general ill health and chronic diseases of the pulmonry, digestive, and urinary organs. It is mild, yet sure in its action, and gradually restores perfect health and strength to every function of the organs of life. Its action is so very mild that there is no room for reaction and relapse, neither will its discontinuance bring on a craving for its use or renewal of past dis orders. CHANCERY SALE. State of Mi.-blgan. tin (Mrcuit Ooiirt for the County of Shiawassee, in t'haneery: Loomnai M. KansSaUi Complainant, vs. UBSULA Pahrhai.i , 1 Kansom N. PaBSSUlX and Defendants. David R. Shaw. ) NOTICE is hereby given that in pursuance of a decree made by said Court, on the 10th day of December. tV.D, lssi. I shall sell at Public Vendue to th- highest bidder. u Monday, the twenty-fourth '24) day of April, A.D. 1 888, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, at the west front door of the Court House, in the City of Corunim, in xaid County; the premises described in said de cree, viz: Lots numbers five ( and six (ti, ia Block number two (I), of the Village of Perry, as surveyed by Lyman Mason on the tenth ami eleventh days of May, 1H77. situated on (Section fifteen (15), iu Town five (), North Range two ) Kast. in the County of Shiawaitsee and State of Michigan. Dated February yrth, IS)2. Loom B. Ooousi Circuit Court Commissioner for Shiawassee I So , Michigan. LVOV KlLPATRK'K, Solicitors for Complainant. CHANCERY SALE. State of Michigan, the Circuit Court for the County of Shiawassee, la Chancery: Charles H. Calkins, Complainant. vp. t J " f ' Lccy W. Conrad, Mvrtkes Conrad, . Franklin H. Conrad and f Defendants. Ckoroe E. Conrad, NOTICE is hereto given that in pursuance of a decree made l.v said Court. In Raid abotl entitled cause, upon the 19th day of Dooember A.D 1HSI, I shall sell at Public Vendue to tbf Ugliest bidder, Ofl Monday. the twenty fourth (M day of April, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, at lo west front door of the Court House, in the City of Corunna. in said County. Ihe premtoea des cribed in said decree, viz: The East half of i In West half of the North east quarter of Election thirty-two (Of), in Town six (). North of EUfl two (2) East staining forty (40) aeres of land more or less, in the County of Shiawassee ami State of Michigan. Dated Feb. fTth, UM Lootes E. (iocli). Circuit Court Commissioner f,. siiiawasse,- ( C. T . v Michigan, Lyon A KnTATMCS, BoHeitOfS for ( omplninant. Notice Notice Is hereby given that petition bsi been this dav filed In the oflcc 01 I be Clerk of the Circuit i.ourt for Shiawassee eonnty, by Lyman E. Woodard. fames J. Btever PetcrJ. Stever, Alfred L. Williams and Men iaiuiti i W Illinois ol'Owosso, and Charle Coaail Marof of Owoseo, directed to the Circuit Court fo- j the tforesald eonnty, asking I6r the vncsu1 lor business purposes, of that part of Gem M' In the citj nrOwosHo, which lie tween the eatf line of Howell St reel .111 west line of Kim Street in said city, am setting forth that tho are the Owner? lots mid parts of lot Mil dlsorlptin hinds frosting on that portion 01 Gc Bl 1 set I) oitf a .(foresaid. .1 neon W. Ti unki; Attorney for Pet It ion. March lo, is American Politics. I1Y Hon. T1IOS. V. COOPEU. Address 1100 pagi a History of ail Political Parti.-., l.v m null OOOrHL H rlvta evar) hlsg pertaining to pott . .tie, ad nnltea history, I nit ruction bend end) refereaos sold only by misfe riptiou ; but lubncrlptlonii sent ireot will be forwarded sy mall or CO. I. at Publishing Oo'i expem. Agents now wanted. 11st apply arty, for territory is bring rapidly Mrigned. Booh out about March juiii PrOapeclm now ready. FIRESIDE PI'RLlSlllN. , 1 I) 20 North Sevfn i 11 sr., Pmi im cm . Bk M 0 all business imw l.. lore the public. I VB I Von BMke num. v faster at mr Wm work for us t li 11 11 at' anvthlng n r else, capital 11. a needed, wp mw mm Wmw wlH star yen. fflSadar nadua ward made nt bom.- by the in dustrious. Men, women, boys and uiiN' wanted everywhere to work for u. Row is the time. Tot ran work In spare time naly or give your Whole I InM to ihe business. You can li at h. 1 me and do the work. No other business will pay you nearly well. No one can fail to make enomooa pay by en gaging at once. Cosily outfit and terms free. Hooey made fast, easily, and honorably. Addreaa Trck A Co., Augusta, Maine. Cured without an operation or the injury trusses In flict by Dr. J. A. SHERMAN'S uihthil. ()(. Broadway, Naw York. Ills book, with Photographic likenmaea of had rases before and after cure, inalbsl for 10 conta. I