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h l"M feH&iHHH'HK ... . ... 8 XjW I lift lIVOVlI T i Thanksgiving, though commonly re garded as being from Its earliest be ginning n distinctively New England festival and Puritan holiday, was originally neither. Tho first, New Eng land Thanksgiving was observed by tho Popham colonists at Monhcgan, In tho Thanksgiving Bcrvlco of tho Church of England, "Giving God thnnks" for safe arrival and many other liberal blessings, says Mrs. Earlo In hor "Customs of Old New En&land " Days set npnrt for thanksgiving were known In Europe before tho Ref ormation, and wcro In frequent use by Protestants afterward. But tho first New England Thanksgiving wns not a day of religious observance, but a day of recreation. Edward Wlnslow writing December 11, 1G21. to a friend In England, Bays: "Our harvest be ing gotten In, our governor sent four men out fowling so that wo might, alto a spo 1 il rra n r, rejo co together after we had gathered tho fruits of our labors. Tho four killed as much fowl, as with n little help besldo, served the company about a week. At which times among our recreations wo exercised our arms, many of tho Indiana coming amongst us, nnd among tho rest their greatest king, Massasoyt, with somo ninety men, whom for thrco dnys wo entertained nnd feasted, and they went out and killed five deer which they brought nnd bestowed on our governor, and upon tho captains and others." As Governor Bradford recorded that dur ing that autumn "beside water fowlo ther was great Btore of wild turkles." tho Pilgrims fared better at their Thonksglvlng than their English colp itis, for turkeys were not plentiful In England nt that date. Tho Indian visitors Joined In the games. These recreations wcro doubtlesa competi tions In running, lo-p ni, jumping and perhaps stool-box. Probrb'.y the wom en of tho colony had little tlmo to Join' in the recreations as the four women, with tho help of ono servant, and a few young maids, had to prc paro nnd cook food for 120 hungry men. There Is no record of any spec ial religious service during this week of feasting. On February 22, in 1030, 'the flrst public thanksgiving was he'd ,ln Boston by the Bay State colony in gratitude for the safa arrival of ships bearing food nnd friends. On Novem ber 4, 1631, Thnnksglvlng day was kept again In Boston. From that tlmo till 1C84 there were nt lenst 22 public thanksgiving days appointed In Mas sachusetts, Rhodo Island and Con necticut. People do not seem to hnvo celebrated Thanksgiving In the enrly days. In Connecticut tho festival was not regularly observed until 171C. Thnnksglvlng wns not always appoint ed In early days for the same token M-t-f - Seots of . Ml mm MomoLrcrks - Great Britain has no distinctive and exclusive thronu. Instead, there aro four the wooden chair, wltn the slab pt Scotch stone, In Westminster Ab liey, which has served as tho corona tion seat of the monarchs of this realm for Beven centuries; tho sumptuous chair of state In the House of Lords, tho chair on which tho late queen Bat when holding a drnwlng room In Buck ingham palace, and tlu gilt arm chair nt Windsor, In which tho covorclgn sits jto receive letters of credenco or recall from foreign envoys, or accord audi ence to dusky potentates. The Czar of Russia Is oven moro diversely throned. Each of a dozen chairs of stato aro at various times film THA yii VialVMlaV Day Set Apart in frly ! t Cats Are 9 Re?rl" ,h rMMn?m .0t I vv vril i ",0 B.ds of Looly Z Her riOD-Dy 1 Mnrcus Beresford. V t V J Among tho "fada" to which English ladles of wealth, leisure and high so cial distinction aro addicted there are few yielding tho fair devotees more genuine pleasure and satisfaction than the business of breeding and rearing cats, the specialty of Lady Marcus Berestord. At her homo at BtshnrnB gate, near Egham, Lady Bcrcsford has established what she calls her "eat eries," a word which fits tho cuso, per haps, as well as nny other. Tho es tablishment Is absolutely unlquo in every feature. Here tho happy and fortunate pussies live, move, and have their being irmld surroundings fit for queonB and princes. Ono featuro of tho "eatery" Is a vine-covered cottage with the rooms decorated anu suppllod with everything supposed to be need ful for tho. comfort of tho most fasti dious of felines. There is a small kitchen for cooking food, racks to hold tho white enameled bowls and - -. 1MJ s Times for Recreation. & r V 4f ? of God's benefice!) jor wai it al ways set upon 1'.iiittiiy or for any special season, but the frequent ap pointment In grntltude for bountiful harvests finally made tho autumn tho customary time. When the festival of Thanks became nhnunl It assumed mnny fentures of the old English Christmas. In tho year 1G77 the flrst regular Thanksgiving proclamation wns printed. Neither chlnawnro nor oatthenwaro wns plentiful In early days, although earthenware Is men tioned In early Inventories. The table furnishings consisted largely of wood en trenchers. Tho time when America was settled was the era when pewter ware and a set of "garnish" of pew ter was a source of great pride to every colonial housekeeper. A uni versal table furnishing was the por ringer, which was usunlly of powtcr. When not In use these were hung by their handles on the olgo of tho dress er shelf. 1 lllri'trlcrtl i:nct lit Thnnilrr Mnrmt. F. Lnrroquo, In Comics Hendus, states that, being attracted by tho pe culiar effect thunder stormB nt a dis tance of mnny miles often have upori persons afflicted with certain nervous diseases long before any Instrument now in use Indicates any atmospheric disturbance, it occurred to him that Hertzian waves emitted by thunder storms might possibly bo transmitted over enormous distances through tho middlo nnd higher ntmospher by some means analogous to relays. In order to test his Idea he constructed a re ceiver made of a horizontal plata of zinc 40 cm. in diameter, earthed by a thin copper wire containing a spark gap located in a dark cellar. With this device, In June, 1901, ho made sev eral scries of nocturnal observations. In ono of them the manifestations co incided with the blizzard in the Gram plans, and in another with the thun der storm w'hfch on tho night of' Juno 18 was visible over Corsica, tho sky being serene In both enses where tho observations were made. M. Larroquo points out tho Importance of this char acter, of meteorological observation, but ventures no explanation of tho calise of the transmission of Hertzian waves over such enormous distances. Philadelphia Times. UDfuplftlnnlil. Hattlo: "I wish I know some wav to make lots of money." Undo George: "Easiest thing in the world, Hattie. Go upon the stage, and when you re tiro after twenty-flvo oj thirty" years you can write your remlnescences for tho next half century and get good money for them. I don't know why; 1 only know you would." Boston Tran script. - - Klntf Edwnril and Cznr K!1U1 II...- C. .... 1 a l.lbl.uiuv .uwv. Mk... u.. rv chMr. styled tno Russian throne. The two most remarkable arc tho chairs of Ivan the Terrible and tho ono In St. George's Hall of tho Winter Palace at St. Petersburg. Tho former is oi turquoises. In tho back alono there aie 0,000 of theso gems. Tho other chair is of costly woods, with ivory nnd gold, richly Jeweled, and embossed with tho imperial eagle Tno sent is of ermine, und tho arms aro ivory tusks. Further cast, in Tchernn, tho Shah displays himself on a white mnrble throno, looted from Delhi In 1739. It is of ivory, overlaid with gold, and ablaze with gems. Its valuo being es timated at over 1,000,000. m WNNWS plates used at feeding time, and a large book wherein Is Inscribed the family history of members of the es tablishment. By many men catB are regarded as a nuieance, If nothing worse, but by n specially fortunate cir cumstance Lord Beresford Is deeply Interested In fell no himself, and If In thorough sympathy with his wife's hobby. He Is ono of tho presidents ol the London Cat Club, whose annual exhibitions are a popular feature ol each recurring seascn, end somo of th prize-winning cats lit these shows ev ery year come from Lady Beresford'i cat farm. Pleaeant is the company of those who encourage us to talk of ourselves, Oliver Stevens of Boston has been tho county district attorney for twenty-seven cqnsecutlvo years, Ho Is a Democrat, but has been twice ro-clect-ed by the Republicans. , NOTES ON SCIENCE. 'current notes of disoovehy AND INVENTION. (.ung-I.lTnl HrltUli Khriiim Two I.oco- IllotltM Until I 1H43 Htlll III Hull L'nr on n llrnnrli Itnllroml Tlife ht'wil of Hlnla Over rnthimtett. iio.mi: SCI KNOT. An Injury resulting from any vio lent wi inching or twisting of a Joint without n fracture of bono Is tormed e. sprain, Tho term covers n very grent va riety of injuries, as well as very vari ous degrees of injuries, of a Joint. Thus tho llgnmcnts, which stretch .from ono bono to another, holding them together nnd binding them lit place, may be. merely stretched or actually torn. Tho bad reputation which a apraln has acquired, nnd which Is even worso than that of a broken bone, Is due to tho fact that the injury Involves theso guy ropos jf the nnntomy which heal slowly and often Imperfectly, The leaser degrees of sprain aro of course the most common, an Inad vertent leap from on upon n moving enr being often sufllclcnt to occasion them. SpraltiB "are sometimes ac quired In the course of outdoor sports, and often by workmen whoso occupa tions bring them Into Intimate con tact with heavy moving bodies or ma chinery. Baseball furnishes many, perhaps most, of the Anger-sprains In the United States. Many of tho lesser strains nro treat ed nt homo without tho supervision of a physician, ns are llkowlso not a few of severer degrees In the woods and In other places where the services of a physician aro not to bo obtained. Immediate attention Is an Impera tive necessity In sprains, since in no injury do swelling and pain more promptly Intervene. Tho marked and rapid swelling following a spral Is usually occasioned by the exudation of fluids, taking place not only around the Injured Joint, but also within the Joint, the latter frequently to so great an extent as to forco tho two .rtlcu latlng surfaces apart. Any motion or weight upon the Joint when In this condition is Intolerable, and in every case effort should be made to check exudation ' promptly, relieve the swelling and pain, nnd re lax the tension of the muscles adja cent. Nothing meets tho emergency better than hot water as hot as can be borne and this, fortunately. Is usual ly quickly at band, even In tho most primitive camp. The Joint and adja cent limb should bo plunged into the water, which may be kept hot by the addition of small quantities from an other vessel kept over tho fire. This treatment must bo continued for hours If necessary. It shouuld continue, nt least, until tho swelling and pain have been reduced. An nll-nlght treatment not Infrequently results In the possi bility of using tho limb tho next day, although such a procedure is not to be recommended. Cold .water Is nearly as effectual ns hot In checking tho symptoms; in somo cases it seems equally ns ef ficacious and even more comforting. In cither case tho treatment must he prolonged nnd tho temperature of the water faithfully kept at the point of greatest elflcicncy. Other remedies nro also valuable, If tho physician has them at hand; but nil aro UBed with tho same end In view, of relaxing muscular tension, combating tho swelling and relieving pain. . the nria:n of iiiiidh. Mr. C. A. Wltchell, an English nat uralist, says tne speed ot flight of birds is often greatly overrated. Tho swift, for Instance, has been credited with a speed of 150 miles per hour, (id the popular Imagination compares the flsht of a sparrow-hawk with that THE SPARROW HAWK. (Reputed to travel with tho speed of a cannon ball,) of a cannon-ball! Independent ot aid from the wind, Mr. Wltchell thinks, 40 miles an hour is about tho full speed of a good pigeon flying a long dis tance. The homing pigeon can bo re lied on, under fairly easy conditions, to mnko CO miles an hour, or consid erably more. On a short courso a sparrow-hawk can otitfly a homer. But tho oparrow-hawk frequently falls to catch mailer birds that form Its prey. I.SVVV1... ..1.40.1. 1HH r.NOI.M'.H. Tho BrltlM. am felicitating them solves that f?iey hnvo discovered something .tt-'itltti superior to Ameri can construction. They ur trancing about their locomotives. Tho famous "No. 1" Great Northern engine teceutly completed Its four mil lionth mile. It was built In 1870. It Is still icgularly employed on oxptcss passongor wo.'k. Tho editor of tho Locotnotivo Mnga zlno says: "Tho Brlttsh-bullt engine, like tho Rrltlsh-bullt brldgo nnd tho British-constructed permanent way, Is designed to 'stuy. TIipm are plenty of engines running today on British rail ways aye, and on continental ones, loo that were constructed twenty, thirty, forty nnd even more years ngo, und which nro still perfectly reliable In every way. "American builders can show noth ing even remotely nkln to this. The 'life' of a Yankee 'loco' fay bo as short as 10 years. It certolnly would be considered aged nt 15. And I should Imaglno there nro not nbovo a score of 20-year-old locomotives In tho whole of tho United States that nro regular ly engaged In the passenger sorvlco ol nny of the first-class lines. Tho Amer ican engineer does not even pretend to build his locomotive to btay." Further Inquiry revealed tho fact that the "No. 1" alluded to abovo Is not 'the oldest locomotive, running passenger trains In Grent Britain. Tills honor Is claimed for an engine built by Aicssrs. Bury Curtis & Kennedy of Liv erpool In 1845, which Is stilt In dally use on tho Waterford & Tramoro rail way. In the southeast of Ireland. Tho railway on which It runs I al most ns remarkable In Its way as th engine. It Is only seven and a hall miles long, and Is entirely isolated" from every other railway, its Water ford terminus being over a mile' dis tant from nny of the other stations ol iiiut town. There are no Intermediate stations, sidings or passing plnces, and Kfw' BUILT IN 1S45. (English built euglno still running ol a French road.) ns the platforms at the two terminal stations are both on tho west side ot the rallwny, tho carriages aro provided v.iiu doors on only tho ono Bide. Another Britlsh-bullt engine which dates from 1845 Is still running on the Chemln do Fer du Nort of Franco. It v.'ns built by Messrs Robert Stephen son & Co. and was fitted with coupled driving wheels. This is tho engine shown herewith. now oiTir.s iiuuy thuuki:i.vi:.i A well has recently been driven In tho Plnco do l'Hotol do Vlllo In Paris, for the purpose of ascertaining tho na ture of tho subsoil of tho Frcn-h cap ital. The revelations throw light on tho manner In which great cities, in tho courso of centuries, bury tho relics ot their past. First comes a layer of rubbish, nearly four and a half feet thick, dating from tho sixteenth cen tury to tho nineteenth. A second lay er, a Uttlo over two and half feet thick, consists of rubbish recognizable by tho character of' Its fragments as belonging to tno period from the four teenth to tho sixteenth century. This Is separated from the first layer by a thin deposit of sand, nnd a second sandy deposit covers tho third layer, which plainly shows relics of tho elev enth and twelfth centuries. At the oottom is a clayey deposit filled with fragments of pottery and bits of oak timber belonging to tho Gallic and Gallo-Roman porlods. Till! MAIIOOANV TKEIC Mahogany hunters In Central and South America aro men requiring ex perience, and In somo districts the revenues depend largely upon tho suc cess of their endeavors. Mahogany trees do not grow In .groups, but are scattered and concealed In thickets. It tnkes two men an entire dav to foil n trno On nrmnnt nf tho fhlMr thnrnv irrowth about tho bnso of the tree It is tho custom to build a scaf- fold around It. and to cut tho trunk at a height of 10 or 15 feet from the ground. By this wasteful method It!1" """ t""lry W!,B """" '?, -Is said the best uart of the tree Is """d furnnco In New Jersey, In 1831, lost Freed from branches, the trunk I Is hauled by oxen to the nearest river, where raftB aro mada. Illnit-Furiisro Oni-Motora. t .,,...., Clirn.. ,..,,1 .!.. !.!.. , Germ . tt. plo t of mo- ors utilizing gases from blast-fur- .. irrnnsin,. i. io i.i .i.. the use of theso gases, which is no . mmrnnn In EnCln,l or th lim.nH States, effects a considerable) saving In the cost of founding, Tho motors thus driven are employed principally for actuating air compressors and electric generators Moro than 400 guides have been In sured free against accidents by the Swiss Alplno Clu. at an annual cost of ovor 12.000 frnncs. Ono's life toll teaches us to prlz life's treasures. FREDERICK AllCHER. THE WORLD RENOWNED ORGANIST WHO DIED RECENTLY. Iln Oiipk (lino u.noil Orgim llrrltnla Without llriviillni; h I'roKrnii. I'hum-iI .Mmiv li'itn ot HI l.lfr In llio Country, Frederick Archer, organist of Cnr- , neglo Music Hall, nnd one of the best known musicians of tho country, died I at his home In Pittsburg, Pit., after n I Unerring Illness. Mr. Archer had n brilliant career In music. He was I born nt Oxford, England, on Ji:uc 10, 1S38. In 1817 he became the chorister ' nt Margaret Chapel, now All SalntH' church, London, and later orgauUt at St. Clement's, Oxford, nnd then of Mor ton College, holding both appoint ments. After traveling en the conti nent no wns appointed orgnulst of tho Panopticon, now tho Alhnmbru Thea ter, Loudon, nnd In 1802 gave weekly recitals on the grent organ nt tho world's fair in London. In 18C3, In as sociation with Julius Benedict, no di rected tho concerts of itio Vocnl asso ciation; In 1805 became organist and choirmaster of Christ Church; t then of tho Church of tno J' suit Fathers, until 1873, when he was appointed to a Blmllnr position at Alexandra Pal ace, and gave moro thnn 2,000 recitals on the great organ without repeating a program. In 1877 ho wns given thu entire direction of Alexandra Palace, and, besides the organ recitals,' con ducted tho orchestral concerts nnd :tlio English opera In tho theater. IrlH ho beenmo inuslcrl examiner in tho University of Glasgow, and In ''1880 ' , r ,., FRKDFUICK ARCHER, formed an Englibb o company,, which gave performing. chief cities of Englnnd. He vu 'a.-1 United States in 1881, plnyed in .. .. of tho principal cities, and after a Hhou visit to London became organist of tha Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, nnd sub sequently ot tho Church of tho Incar nation, New York, during which ho gave a series ot ninety concerts in Chlckeflng Hall. In 1885 he founded the Key nolo nt Boston. Ho was tho author of "Tho Orgnn," n theoretical treatise, and "Tho Collegiate Organ Tutor," and had composed much music of a high grade. III Vnltli Wn Khiikxn. A religious old darky had his faith badly shaken not long ngo. Ho Is sex ton for a white church In n Fnyetto County, Tennessee, town, nnd ono afternoon as ho was In front sweeping tho pavement a strong wind arose, tearing a piece of the cornlcq oft and taking a few brick out ot the, wall. Realizing that a good run was better than a bad stand, tho old mnn sought shelter In thu statlon-houso on the op posite side of the street. Several min utes Inter a member of tho church of which Uncle Isham Is sexton came by, and, noticing him In his retreat, re marked that he thought tho station house a strange plnco for n man nt faith to seek shelter in a storm when a house of worship was nenr. "Df.t's, so, but what's a man gwlno ter "do when do Lord begins to frow bricks at 'lm?" r,r, VhB ot th" ,lot ,,ll"t- Jnmes M- Swank, in a government renort on ,ron nnd eo1- Ba'8: Tho flr8t Practical application of the hot u,nst to tho manufacture of pig Iron uy winium iienry, mo manager, ine waste heat at the tymp passed over tho surface of a nest ot small cast iron ,ilpes, through which tho blast was rnnvitvpil in Mm furnnpo Tlin inn.. I .,., . , IK"U " .il.nt.. IU MU UC,I Product of the fur- 1HT ,Tw v"' J "V iT- Un 1835 hot-blnst oven, containing Iron arched pipes, was placed on " ,0'1 f th Btack Mr' I,0nry "'' seated by tho flame from tho tunnel head. By this means tho temperature ! 1Z deerCCS Tho fuel used was charcoal. He Wa I'olletl. "I will follow you to tho uttermost ends ot the earth!" hissed tho villain. "No, you won't," remarked tho ho rolno, calmly. "Why won't 17" queried tho villain, nghatt at hor coolness. "Because, I'm not going there," she replied. i'i t.tjir !fc ! H 1