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to take a 2x4 upon which the stan
chions are to be bolted; two feet two
inches wide and six inches deep for
the manger, the depth being taken
from the top of the 2x4 upon which
the stanchions are placed, thus mak
ing the floor of the manger level with
the floor of the stall. Then the pas
sageway in front of the cows can be
six feet between the outer edges of
the mangers, which will give ample
room for feediDg purposes. How
ever, if it is desired to drive down
the passageway to feed a soiling crop
it should be two feet wider. These
measurements will make your barn 34
or 36 feet wide over all depending
upon the width of the passage be
tween the cows. The swinging stan
chion is preferable, and it can be
swung in frames made of 2x6's if the
regular pipe frame is not secured. If
you are going to have Holstein or
other large cows it is well to have the
stalls a little deeper than four and
one-half on the average, perhaps vary
ing in width from four and one-half
feet on one end to tive feet at the
other. The standard width of stall is
three and one-half feet, and this can
vary from three to six inches accord
ing to the size of the animal to be
accommodated. There should be
plenty of light in the barn, at least
four square feet for every cow, and
it would be well to have plenty of
light on both ends since the north
side \*ili be entirely dark, being in
the bill-side. The ceiling should be
eight to nine feet high, and the hole
inside of the barn should be finished
with smooth lumber to keep dust
from collecting. The loft floor
should be perfectly tight, too, to
keep any dust from coming in from
above. Your barn should be properly
ventilated, a space equal in space to
2x2 feet provided for in the air in
takes for every 20 cows. Your loft
space, since you are contemplating
feeding silage, need not be as large as
it otherwise would, 1000 to 1200 cubic
feet being enough to allow per cow
for roughage when silage is fed.
Thisis flgured on the basis of a cow's
eating about 12 pounds of hay a day
for 365 days.
Richness and Quality of Milk
Question: As a cow grows older
does she give richer milk? Does feed
affect the quality of the milk? R. W.
C, Richmond Highland, Wash.
Answer: The ettect of the age of
the cow upon the richness of the
milk is very slight, in the second
and third lactation periods of a cow,
the milk contains the highest per
centage of fat, the decrease being
gradual thereafter, and usually not
more than one-half of one per cent up
to the time of the seventh or eighth
lactation period.
As a general rule it may be said
that feed does not have any great
effect upon the fat content of milk,
but it may influence the quality
from the standpoint of flavor. The
breeding of the cow practically deter
mines the fat coutent of her milk.
The percentage of fat, however, may
be less than the average in the case
of a cow's being poorly fed; but
when a sufficient quantity of the
proper ration is fed, the fat percent
age remains nearly constant, being
effected only by the stage of lactation,
sexual excitement, or disease. Ou
the other baud cases have been known
where cows averaged 4 per cent tor
example, have been so fed as to
cause the fat content to be increased
THE WASHINGTON FARMER
to sor 6 per cent for a short period
of a week or ten days. This is
brought about by fattening the cow
during the time she is dry, and then
feeding a large proportion of di
gestible protein in her ration soon
after the cow freshens. The practice,
however, is not to be commended for
the reason that there is danger in
over feeding the cow, and it is
liable to leave her in a rundown con
dition, and a nonbreeder.
Ration With Alfalfa
Question: If bran, shorts, and
rolled barley are available at the
same price, which is ihe best to feed,
for a dairy cow in milk, and why?
The other feed for the cow is alfalfa
hay. H. B. 8., Burbank, Wash.
Answer: With alfalfa hay as the
sole roughage, and without any suc
culent feed, 1 would select from the
feeds you have mentioned, bran and
barley, using a mixture of equal parts
by weight. I select barley because
the alfalfa hay is too narrow, and
barley will furnish the necessary car
bohydrates. I select bran to lighten
the grain ration, and to keep the
bowels in shape. Bran is an excep
tionally good dairy cow feed, and
should be made a large part of every
grain ration I would feed the cow
all the alfalfa bay she will eat up
clean, and as many pounds of this
grain mixture per day as the cow
produces pounds of butter fat in a
week, or one pound of grain for
every three and one-half pounds of
milk produced. This ration could
be much improved by the addition of
some succulent crop, such as silage,
roots, or pasture.
Pit Silo
Question: I would like some in
formation about a pit silo. How
large would it have to be for five or
six cows? W. I. 8., Zillab, Wash.
My advice concerning pit silos is
that I would suggest every dairy
man to build a pit silo rather than
none at all provided the soil was
heavy and well drained so that the
sides could be cemented easily, and
there would be no seepage from sur
face water or irrigation. The extra
labor involved in removing the
silage each day is the chief objection
against the pit silo. If this labor be
performed by motive power which is
usually available when the silage is
cut is as done in the case of silo above
ground, the labor is very slight.
Silos above ground, cost more as a
rule, but because of this advantage
of requiring less Jabor it is prefer
able. For six cows a silo should be
10x20, feet deep; this will hold 30
tons, which is sufficient to keep six
cows eight months feeding them.
Crossing Guernseys and Holsteins
Question: What would be the suc
cess of a cross between grade Hol
steins and a Guernsey bull? G. A.
W., Seattle.
Answer: We do not advise cross
ing breeds at any time. While it is
impossible to get a good calf
one that will develop into a good
cow, the experience of those who
have tried this tells us that it very
seldom proves satisfactory, and it
certainly defeats the purpose for
which the original breeds were in
tended.
Child Visitor: "Mrs. Jones, please
can I go upstairs in your room and
look in your closet?" Hostess:
"Why, Willie, what do you want in
my closet?" Child Visitor: "I
want to see the skeleton pa says
you've got there. "—Baltimore Ameri
can.
t SEPARATORS
SEPARATORS
Used exclusively by
QR% of the World's
•70; Creameries
TEN YEARS AGO THERE WERE lawyer. If you were sick you
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Separators exclusively. their line, and you rely upon
IT MEANS A DIFFERENCE OF their judgment and skill,
several thousand dollars a year WHEN IT COMES TO BUYING A
whether a De Laval or some separator why not profit by the
other make of separator is used experience of the creameryman
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EXACTLY THE SAME DIFFER- correctly? He knows which sep
ences exist, on a smaller scale, arator will give you the best
in the use of farm separators. service and be the most economi-
Owing to the fact, however, that cal for you to buy. That's why
most farm users do not keep as 98 per cent of the world cream
accurate records as the creamery- cries and milk dealers use the
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the Babcack tester, they do not ap- THERE CAN BE NO BETTER REC
preciate just what the difference ommendation for the De Laval
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cents. business use the De Laval to the
NOW, IF YOU WERE IN NEED OF practical exclusion of all other
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Your local De Laval agent will be glad to let you try a De Laval
for yourself on your own place. If you don't know the nearest
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De Laval Dairy Supply Company
165 Broadway 101 Drumm Street 1016 Western Avenue
NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE
50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER
Can't Stand It ]»-
IMp^^^^KSmMl but it doesn't hurt the milk— use
W^Mm-^ifW JJJsi* KILLER
If I \^^^^f ](I freely on your stock — it'll save you
jA, dili^L^S^wwe^ money which means making money.
*^***^ s KiuJMC^y?^"' - All Dealers 35c quart,
..« IcT^.l r- > t ii» -$1.00 gallon, $3.50 for 5 gallons.
Don t Sit on the Cow •Tail" T ° ' T °
r "Don't Sitonthe Cow.Tail" *100 *allon' *350 f°r 6 «all°nß'
J The CHAS. H. LILLY COMPANY, Seattle
f^ mmmmmamm PILLING ■■■■™lii^
I CATTLE INSTRUMENTS
m Pilling's Hard Milker Outfit con- Filling's Cattle Case fitftEMW^-lAffWWgaJ
B tains: liistoury, $1.50; Teat Opener, No. 2 contains $3 Milk 1 Cgrii£43|MMj| I
■ 75c; Teat Expander, 50c; Milk Fever Outfit and 8 other IB fc^W'i'i \) t ifl l
H Tube, 50c, and Teat Soap, 50c. cattle instruments need- II 13BHlPWi!"IM I-
B Complete in case, with "Easy to ed by every dairyman, I|i.&fiSi^tMpa If|
H -« Use" di- complete in case, for $10; ¥S¥Mwr?^e''''^Hß
S f'&ffJ^ffl^fi^vSllJMiii Sc'"l fur Booklet, "Air Treatment for Milk Fever." /AVj'&Vf^-.-- — lH*pS«jy/ff
JJ3BBi&&!£J^^BaK 2310 Arch si., Philadelphia. l':i. L.'^~ B^^^
THIE GASOLINE DONKEY
FRANK KRAUSKOFF, ARLINGTON, WASH. : «a" 1 ■ » ~i
SILVER BIRCH FARM JERSEYS
BRED HEIFERS AND BULL CALVES FOR SALE.
Write for illustrated pamphlet today.
CHAS. M, TALMADGE. R. I. Box R. Newport, Wash.
FOR SALE: HARNESS—We manufacture all
kinds of harness; quality guaranteed and
prices reasonable. T. M. Henderson Saddlery
& Harness Co.. 212 Occidental Aye., Seattle,
Wash. Write for Catalogue.
II
