Deseret farmer. [volume], September 12, 1908, Page 14, Image 14

About Deseret farmer. [volume] (Provo, Utah) 1904-1912

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I
u THE DESEB'T FARMER Saturday, September m, 1908
I I SUGftR BEETS
I SOME RECENT EXPERIMENTS
I IN MODASSES AND PULP
I i n, . FEEDING.
I Bulletin 127 of the Agricultural Ex-
I periment Station of the Rhode Island
I ; .College of Agriculture and Mechanic
I Arts gives a summary of Sonic recent
I feeding experiments in which the cf-
I feet of 'molasses upon the digestibility
I of other food products was studied,
I '! and in which a comparison of dried
I (a&..plp, mIasscs beet pulp, and
I ' iifan was made. We quote:
I i'A study of the effect of molasses
"upon the digestibility of hay and of
I mixed grains fed to steers is published
I in Bulletin 117 from the Maryland
I Station. The general effect of the
I molasses was to increase the digcsli
I J'y o( the hay and grains. The
H most marked beneficial effect seemed
B 40 be upon the ingredients other than
H fat and protein. The protein was
sometimes not so digestible in the
H presence of molasses. No special cf
H ffcct upon the secretion of urine was
H attributable to the molasses. About
H 12 per cent of the total dry matter of
H the feed was supplied by the molasses.
H The above results with steers indicate
a more beneficial effect of molasses
upon digestion than has been the case
with experiments carried on elsewhere
with other animals.
A' comparison of dried beet pulp
molasses beet pulp, and brain was
made at the Wisconsin Station, An
nual Report 22 (1905), with five milch
cows in each lot in the first, and two
in the second experiment. During the
first two and the seventh and eighth
weeks the following daily ration in
pounds was fed to all mixed hay, 5;
silage, 35 to 40; and grain mixture, 8
(bran, 2; distillers' graiins, 2; cotton-
seed meal, 1.) During the interme
diate four weeks the two parts of
wheat ibran were replaced in one lot
of animals by three parts of dried beet
pulp, and in a third lot by three parts
of molasses beet pulp. When sub
stituted for two. parts of bran, no ap
preciable difference was noted in the
' case of the three parts of dried beet
.pulp, but there was 12 per cent more
milk and 8 per cent more butter-fat
when dried molasses beet pulp was
substituted. When bran can be pur
chased for $18 per ton, it was decided
that beet pulp would be worth about
$12 and molasses ibect pulp about $13.
CABBAGE APHIS. "
Prof. E. G. Titus. L
There have been a great many .corii;?
plaints this year about Injury by the
cabbage aphis and requests for in
formation as to its treatment.
The cabbage aphis is a sucking in
sect and our work against them must
take some form of prevention or else
the use of an insecticide that will kill
by contact. Among these latter arc
tobacco solutions, kerosene emulsion
and lime-sulfur. This latter would be
dangerous to the plant.
Spraying the aphis with a first-class
tobacco sheep dips at the rate of one
part sheep dip to seventy-five of wat
er will effectually handle the insect.
You should be very careful in
spraying to reach all parts of the out
side of the leaves. Where the cab
bage has entirely headed out and the
hoards arc quite solid it would be well
to break off the outer leaves and burn
them, since it is upon these leaves
that the largest accumulations of
aphids arc -present.
If it is impossible to get hold of a
good tobacco sheep dip, kerosene
emulsion may be used and it will
work as effectively. The sheep dip is
so much more easily handled and can
be prepared by simply mixing it with
water so that its use is preferable
where it can be obtained.
I 1 The manure In your barnyard, if properly distributed will swell your bank account j
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WESTERN MOLINE PLOW COMPANY I
SALT LAKE CITY - - - UTAH f
THE SMUT OF GRAIN. I
J
sB'Prof. E. H. Favor, State Agricul-
tural College.
The smuts of oats, wheat a,nd other
grain crops are of such frequent oc
curence as to be very familiar to the
farmers of Utah. These smuts arc
caused by a. fungus which lives within
the stems of the grain and when they
reach maturity cause the character- j
istic smutty heads. These- loose, 3
black powdery or sooty masses arc fj
made up of extremely small particles L
of spores, each one of which is ca- J
ipablc, under suitable conditions, of
infecting another plant. These spores
have the same' function as seeds, that J
is they can germinate and grow info ?
a new plant. !
The botanists recognize scvcril I
kinds of these smut fungi all of which fij
arc parasitic upon green plants. Many i
kinds of plants arc attacked by then a
i lJ
and in some instance imtncnsc dam-
u'
age is done to grain fields by the 'j
rapid spread of smut which destroys j
more or less completely the grain or
seed of -every stem infected. Oals
and wheat arc particularly succptibh:
to hcsc diseases. At about the time
the grain is ripening the smutty heads
become loose and powdery. During
the harvesting and threshing of the
grain' the spores of the smut becomes
scattered through the soil, the stra.v
and seed. Every spore of the fungm ;
which falls where warmth and mois-
turc conditions arc right-, will ger
minate. Since the seeds are covered with I
the smut spores at time of threshing,
the spores arc carried on the seeds
and planted in the field for next year'.,
crop. The conditions suitable for the j
germination of the wheat or oat seed
is also proper for the germination of
the smut spores. Just at the time the j
ont or wheat reed is sprouting; while j
the tip of the young plant is in its j
most tender condition the smut par-
asitc gains entrance. As the grain J
grows the parasite grows with it, and j
there is no indication in the stalk or
leaves of the host that it is harboring
a dangerous enemy, excepting that
the affected stems are usually more
dwia.rf than the rest. '
A't the time the grain begins to ma-
turc its s'ecd spike the parasite makes
a rapid growth in the young, seeds.
They become swollen and distorted,
the tissue of the soeds is consumed