W?,?.T?T.v gTtTr|nT^' . ' " ViyySEORO. S. C.,^^^^yESDAY. DECEMBER 20, 1882. ^ ^ ^ ^ ggXABLISEED IN
Captain Loredan?A. D. 1499.
r.
Old Venice grapp!?d with the Turk
In fourteen hundred ninety-rime;
In troth it was a troubled work.
Jixii ruddy were the seas as wine;
. ?*or dread Ii-ijaret sit afloat
Aqainst oar three hundred sail;
And when he t'."j!c a tithing boat
Kc:cor>cI:s:-!v his fOlUiers bawto
Our :?len. and poured their blood
C| or.'tlj* .V;r:atic'? flood.
I ills cruder? :e:t a o.oouy wan;
- Our Admiral Grimani iay t
In hc'skating siiencc till.
While ytt iiTisolate, one day
H<i heard our rfoc!: of gri'!"ys thrill
With las'..y, maaiy singing,
Wi:h clamor load and long.
And through his brain went ringing .,-.1 , i
This hordei of the sons ,r.*"l;fS+
" Ob, wuer?s is C? tain Loredan?
For he wilt a* jw the way' "i
Give osrt'&pula Loredan,
k And we will :einpt-the fray!
i Sow listen to this hoary iaas ' tB
Who leans upon his oar; raS^x- f
R He'll tell you how brave Loredan **
V Siew t'i'enty Ttirks and more!" t
^fethrou?h tae ships the story ran, igy-j
|B: o'er the stars the glory ran? j&$
gj?| The story of ~" Vf
Pp? The glory of - ' tjfSt
Hgrtorious great Lorciaal
Krnani felt hi* cheeks grow white?hgp/ i
Bt:t not with fear; it was with rageji-;
For be had sworn that ia this tight ' * -
He'd Slot proud Loredan's bright page.
" WtiaT ls"thls Cr.ntaiTt Loredan
But c21cer at my command?"
W Ee cried: '* 111 crash the daring man,
- And Jest he rcsh into the van
Of battle, newer fame to win,
I'll fold my galley's banners in,
And hug tLic comfortable land."
So said he; and traced the deck
With jealo::s envy at his side ;
While ^rjxzet wrought his wreck
Am^c" our shipping far and wide.
But still came breeze.- bringing
Oar galley oarsmen's song;
O'er purp'c"water# flinging
Its protest agalust wrong:
" On, where is Captain Loredan?
He's here with us, to-day'
Give ns our Captain Loredan?
He will not bid us stay!
Now listen to this hoary man
Who leans upon" his oar;
He'll tell you how stanch Loredan
Has swept the waves before."
So through the ships the story ran,
C, And o'er the seaa the story ran?
The story of
The glory of
Victorious great Loredan!
IIL
Nor day nor night Grimani stirred;
The Turkish fleet, grown bold, drew near;
Oct men, impatient, begged the word
For action*: but Grimaui's sneer
Froze up their hearts, until one morn,
A..* *Ua r.nm<v ervlon^rtP Vfttd
A blood-rod tfawoggfor battle born;
And haughtily, as IT ixvsgorn,
The Crescent's pennaSw buttered high
Upon the mighty craft?close by?
Standing alone. -?
* ? Then, with one 6trobs
Of springing oars, a galley sped
Out from onr midst: a second came
To join her: and like lightning fled
Beyond Grimani's cry of " Shame 1
What are those oarsmen singing
Who any command disdain?,T
Eack came "the answer ringing,
In strange ecstatic strain:
" This is the Csntain Loredan;
These be his galleys twain!
Lo: here is Capialn Loredan,
Whom fools cannot restrain!
K>jw listen to this hoary man
Who toils upon his oar;
And win with Captain Loredan?
Or Venice sec no more!"
So through the ships the story ran?
And through ail hearts the glory ran?
The story of
The glory of
Victorious great Loredan!
1
rv.
The Turkish monster thrilled with life;
From her gigantic sides Mined down
Huge missiles wiih dest; action rife;
^ And many a fighter fell to drown
Between the "alleys' sides that shook
As if with frenzied laughter, when
The thunders of our cannon took
) The yellow from the Turk's wild look
And brought the ashes to his lips.
He could not fight tHese bellowing ships?
Nor war with these enchanted men
Who climbed along his galleon's rail; ?
Who swam, and sank, and sprang in space,
Still fighting; men who scorned to wail
Thp' carved by swords; and who with grace :
Kept np their rhythmic singing
With'dying lips that bled;
____ Sang?to the galleys clinging
" With infers battle-red?
" This is the Captain Loredait, j
^ ^^^^^And we are r II his men I y
Or Byzance see no more!" . I
So through the ships the story ran, r. wyStjji
A-id o'er the sea.- the glory-ran?
Victorious great toredan.
I
V.
Swift sailing from the roseate East i
Came kindreiship? the Turks to aid; - i
-ind now the strusgle's rage increased; "*.? 5
Wild flames broke forth to make afraid The
Moslems on their conquered craft. ?
Just as the banner of Saint Mark :3?
"Was raised open her?fore and aft? ~
Came a weird shudder. And abaft
The wretched Turks raa-quakingly ' {,
To leap into the crimsoned sea;
Then came vast thunder.
It was dark.
The ship?our splendid galleys?all
Went skyward?rending friends and foes,
As fire burst through the wooden wall
To stores of powder.
Then arose?
Out from the chaos bringing
A harmony complete?
A sound of voices singing
This chorus strong and sweet:
* To die with Captain Loredan
.^oxaJs-joy enough for men!
r - \\^ir?5**fcstax^die with Loredan
I Xo matter ho^V>r when?
Safes Oh, listen to this hoary man
Ipgr Who floats npon his err;,
He sings the death of Loredan.
Who ne'er will lead him core.
To Venice, so the story ran, -/t
And through :he world the story ran-. 1"
The site? of ,.$f
W The glory of ?
Victorious dead Loredan! - Jv
?Kdzcard Eiiut. in Boston JournaV-.-'k
I '" ^
Mr. Farquliar's Niece.
Mr. Farquhar certainly did not intend
to invite iiis niece to join him in 1
Paris, when he wrote to inform her
that he was racing a short stay there,^
en route to his^native country. The"*
f fact was that he had never set eyes on
f the young lady, having been absent in j
India nearly twenty years; and, con-;
sequently, he did not feel much personal
interest in her. But he had generously
paid for her education and I
maintenance since she had lost her pr -;
rents, and was prepared to_make ui
home for her on _ his arrival in Eng
T land; Sat! written her a
tn announce his return.
much surprised,.
K ' Verted, when two
_ brmed, on reach- j
BUHL. ^evening stroll on
?? ^ <i a young lady who j
irom England was {
HHT he salon, and before-:
?XS. ' from his astonish>j
niself in the presence""
H)B5. ') greeted him affec-1
B ufully held up a re- 1
B0^ Ve to be kissed.
ssmy dear," said old
I p Jer availing himself1
V * Sfcwir arrival is ouite
IV should certainly
| " " ""-^the station had I
B . * ming."
pad f "vould be surprised,
ET4 .. ;ung lady, blushing.
iy friends, Mr. and
r > ,;re coming over toiled
myself of their;
t x"7* I should not have
' or two, or at all events
-severed your letter."
r was on the point of
or ' ? did not recollect anyo
>er which could be conU
^ . cavitation, but being a
, susceptible old gen+,?.oirained.
The truth was he
^ .erymuch struck by his niece's i
possessing appearance. He pos- j
fel a photograph of her taken some
^^i^vhich had given himji
n|^dea of her attractions,
fc^vned that he had
Actively. He
RSith imdis^^^roung
Ke^
&.
Httfr V
tds
BcotiEodV
said Mr. *E5r^fcr, beastly. "Hi!
waiter. TelRfiwohambermaid?femmt
de ch<nribrey veil 333j$*r-?to: conduct
this lady to a rooiE^si^^iQiue. J^grd,
bless my soul, yOujjJBis? iie iumgryy;ay:-:
dear! /|
While bis ~0jtc was^fisSSb^ti%
necessary .alterations in her.to3?^>jf?
Farq.uhar superintended the ddtalls1:^
a dainty little repast, which4b?'yoang*
lady found awaiting her when 'site
came down. The old gentleman'was
more delighted than' eyeri with his
niece's appearance when, he beheld k?r
divested of her hat;iad traveling att*YA
and nould hard?v>vtake*his eves off
iter. In fact adinr^tioa^nd astonishment
rendered "hkin^^^agei^/jsilent;.:
s&i&s the. young;;j^y^as ^dently'
fati^ded-after her,
jVersation $t -:a - yety ' pcasSdien|?g|x!?tu&7'
_ . -V *5.
i ^8f ?red,<
"his niece's fatigue. " You mustn't
spoil your roses, Ada, and wo have la
lot of sight-seeing before us."
" Thank you, uncle," said the young
lady, rising from the table; " but my
name is Amy, you know ; not Ada."
" Apay, to be sure. I was - thinking
it was Ada," replied Mr. Farquhar, in
some confusion ; and having submitted
with good grace to another dutiful
salute, he opened the door for her, and
made his way to the smoking-room, to.
discuss a cueroub ueiure iiumiig m.
It was astonishing what an exhilarating
effect the arrival of his niec? had
upon the old gentleman. He felt quite
young and jaunty at the prospect^ of
having to escort a pretty girl aboni to
seethe sights of Paris. He wXsvUp'
betimes the next morning, and'^r^ssed
himself with especial care. He?e>?en
made a pilgrimage to the Ma*&ieine
market to purchase a flower
buttonhole, not forgetting also>?lt?ry'
elegant little bouquet, which heplac d
by the side of his niece's plate. Z'i . v;Miss
Amy came down to breakfast,,
looking fresh and rosy and charming
after her night's rest. She went into
pretty ecstasies over the bouquet which
her uncle'had provided, and insisted
upon giving Kim an extra kiss for- his
attention. She laughed and "lalfealgayly
during the meal, and Mr^axgiar;
har learnt a good deal of news:53b?pulr
members of the family whon?:&u!Mj
not recollect ever having
But the fact was that h'e^aid':r^r?
little attention to what his'l^^ifrasr:
saying, being absorbed in' wafdBSn^.*
her and listening to her musical vettce*
His niece had fairly bewitched-:E&?
and it only dawned upon the 61d ?eStleman
that he had lapsed into a stupefied
silence when the young lady, ih
her turn, suddenly left off talkigg^,..
Then he awoke to the faet.^^^ls
niece was showing symptpii^^^nbarrassment,
and that a bright" flush
of color was "mounting to her cheek.
At first Mr. Farguhar was afispd he
had omitted to reply to*;qme remark
which needed -an_ answ^.'.-He soon
perceivedr ho weVer,\. ttiat^liis niece's
eyes were turned anxici^sljvtoward another
part of the room, and foUo^ring
the detection :-of herftartled gazef he |
beheM.a- tall, -military-looking gentle-;
man, elderly, but still handsome, with j
an iron-gray mustache/who was just |
taking his seat near them.'. 3Ir. Par-1
cphax. experienc^uwiki; "ttnreasoJiing J
tnem," hi i
suspicions were allayed
noty ^dear ?" he |
.^^Ir these iium^^^E^he-Touh*g!
i^^ose and'Tanished'-'frpiS-the room
before her .uncle could inferfere. ' The
old ^entieman was quite startled -by.
her abrupt departure;, and after ten
mifiutes' interval be sent up to inquire
wfca^was the matter . with her. Aj
cia^Sermaid brought down, word that |
HsfSiece had a headache and proposed j
-Pr\y' on V?r\n r
JU. XVJL (?U iAVU*. ? w?. j
fr?3$us report, Mr. Farquhar finished his
breakfast and strolled into the courtyard
to smoke. v *
. After lounging about for nearly two
hours, Mr. Parquhar sent again to inquififc'after
his niece. This time came
S&J&^sage requesting him not to wait
agshe did not feel well enough
him.-Mr. Farquhar,
^r^J^%tarted q^rather. disconsoret^^^^t
was" past midday,
and not finding his niece In ^any of
th'e saloug, he* ventured to go up" to her
roofer 'Having knocked two,or three
times at the door*without eliciting any
he cautiouslv turned the'han
die and found the apartment deserted, j
' ..^his was rather an unpleasant sur- ;
began to feel
va^ftely uneasy. li?\^?dfie inquiries <
of'tbe servants, hut* none of'them could
gife. hiw^anyv"*t49ings x>?- Miss Amy.
As it -vva$Tejiiqent she w^rfiot Lsj t?ie?
hotel, Mr. Tatt&ihar sallied f6r?h with
the idea that Sirejmight have gwe-Xvra
walk during absence. He spent
tho rest of cthe^ay^io. wan&pj^jpaim-!
lessly about iKe-sfire^TaHj^j.etu'rningi
at short in^vaK' tothe jbafcg&tc in- j
quire if bis niece had come back. By ;
degrees j^worked himself into a state !
of nervous^accitement, and when"it j
began to grow dark^^^^^^^did j
tajnthe name of'the gentleman who" f
irad'sat near to them at breakfast, re-;
membering that his niece had appeared i
startled at seeing him. Upon being
urnished with his descrijpti^ity^he -concierge
tion as a. -oio-ri^. Insyar^M&w^sud"
iQiDSa-.
sieurjis seeSing w^t
gentleman. I recollect M.
Colonel had a young lady witVhim." .
" What r exclaimed Mr. Farqtthar,
aghast. .
" They started off in the hotel- omni-1
bus about midday, without luggage,-'"1
added the cxmciergg* - " . ... I
"Good God !"-^exclaimed- ,gck>d Mr.;
Farquhar, wiping ;iiis brow ' what ;'
an awful tiling ?' That ^oor'eMld |
must have eloped with, some?some,
adventurer." '
"Ravinor foirnd a clew to his neice's I
disappearance, he .had no . difficulty in
obtaining further aaforination,_ which :
convinced hiiifthat hts suspicions were '
correct. A porter had brought down i
the young lady's luggage by the gen- ]
tleman's orders, and had placed it on i
the omnibus. The English colonel ap-1
peared to be au mieux with the young !
demoiselle, and they had driven oS^to
gether. >Ir. Farquhar subse^a'eSSy
ascertained that they had gone fo^he ;
railway station, where their luggage I
j^d been labeled for Geneva. > !
l^Farquhar wa*an energetic old ;
He felt in duty
to ^^^^Wpovrer to rescue
>>? ?V ^0X^be was nataraUr^sSS.2S.??.
;VC5?-"
. /
and to believe that she had been decoyed i
away. His first impulse was to telegraph
to the police to anvst his niece's
. companion ; but with the object of i
( avoiding a scandal, and from an inkborn
spirit of caution, he abandoned
idea, as he hoped to reach Geneva
in the course of the next day, within
i:a,;fe\v hours after Miss Ann* and her
: abductor.
He could hardly control his impa|
tience during the long and weary
- or?u*arl of 11 i c? /tact in ntinn
J JUUIULC^>y UiiU cU U ? tu <*u 1UO uvciiuubiviA ,
; in a state of furious indignation.- Xot
: knowing where Colonel Ingram was
; staying, he started off to make inqui-:
tries at all the principal hotels, lie j
[ first drove to the Hotel National without
result; but at the Hotel Monopole
ihis enterprise was rewarded. lie
| learnt that Colonel Ingram and Miss
! Amy had arrived, there early that
: morning, and in-'a few moments he
j^fou^d Ji^$&elf /face to "face with the
^CoIoneFTtngrara occupied a private
| sitting-room, and was lounging by an j
! open window which overlooked the
! lake, smoking a cigar, while Miss Amy :
I was leaning over the balcony, watchI
ing the people in the straet below, j
' Both turned round when Mr:Farguhar .
i bounded;into -tire 'zoom,
| sighf - '6f her: "uncle, the young ;iaay^
turned deadly-pale, while ' :
gram xose from his seat, and said-Vatlf|
er defiantly: .. .'
i " May I inquire what your business :
!isr&ir?". J
"I' am that- young lady's: uncle and j
j guardian, and I am here to demand an- j
: explanation of your disgraceful and,:
| unprincipled, conduct, sir," cried^pld
jllr.Farquha^.firHilv. "
"What- do-you^mean ? I .don\x2itaifir^
! sta^d," said'Ocdonel Ingram, with^great
^hauteur.
"I'fepeat^ttj-that Miss 2ftetols<j)kfs,
[ihy-^iece, aa"(f.I am her guardia^^e^
j %ne^Hr/j:arquhar, -angrily. * ,C :: y
? " "-5fis?:-2ftchdbon! I assure.you^-^ {
! you:^e-mi^taken,'' replied Colonel Xiif.{
| gram; .perceiving that his .visitor waj^l
.neither Brad nor intoxicated. "This#
| young lady's name is not Miss Sfichpl-"!
j son iibrHs'she your niece.. May: liafekj
iyoux^ame"?'' %**r; j
s fi-Ponvmy -word, this is too much," |
L^c&aBaaed Mr. Farquhar, indignantly, :
^Eigh .mTvardly disconcerted by Col- i
gpier Ingram's apparent- straightfor-j
^aiicbMss. " I appeal" to the young j
jS&dyc I "will give you my card with 1
KptealiiTe," he added, .laying it on the
ftable.w.ith trembling jiand.
know that name, my dear?" j
?2^^^^Colonel Ingram, glancing at j
^Ld handing it to the young j
j IjMr. -'Campion Farquhar. 2s o, I;
neVer heard it before in my life," was j
the reply, uttered in a low nervous I
tone, and from the manner in which j
I shp misnronmmced the name it was I
evident slie never had.
"Really, Mr. Farquhar, you are
laboring under a misapprehension,"
said Colonel Ingram, frankly. " You j
are probably misled by some accidental!
I resemblance between this young lady I
("aBo-^our niece. I sympathize with i
your disappfe&^t* "aa<l hope you j
will be soon relievt^iT^^^P^r e^ident
anxiety."
Poor Mr. Farquhar looked th^i^1
tare .of confusion. The colonel's frank*
^necarri ^3-^ggctiori J^hilc {
between her and his niece, Miss Nicholson,
was mcst striking, but in his . citation
Mr. Farquhar began to imagine
he saw points of difference. It
occurred to him with painful dis feactness
that he^??l. made an absurd
so overwhelmed I
by the awkwardness of his position j
that he fairly bolted out of the room !
with a muttered apology.
On descending to the hall of the I
hotel he found that his portmanteau j
had been taken off the cab, and being j
worn out with fatigue and excitement, )
he wisely determined to stay where he \
was for the night. He therefore o[- \
dered dinner, and by degrees recovered j
his equanimity sufficiently to be able j
to reflect with calmness on what had j
happened. /
Unfortunately, his deliberations did j
not conduce to his peace of mind, for i
the more he thought ove^the matter, j
the. more convinced did he feel that i
hi? first suspicions w/re correct, and |
that the young laj^y upstairs was J
really his niece.. TKe colonel's ingenu-1
ous manner had' evidently been as-;
sumed to put bi'm off the scent, and i
recalling to m^nd the young lady's agitation
whence entered the room, Mr.
Farquhar dime to the conclusion that
he was tae victim of a cleter conspiracvy'
While angrily meditating
anoth^l- visit to Colonel Ingram's
apartment, a waiter handed him a note
written in pencil in-"a lady's hand,
w&ich showed traces-Of haste and agi
tation. Mr. Farquhar put on his i
glasses, and read 'with amazement as
follows:
Dear Sir?I implore yon to keep my secret It
was all the fault 01 the people at the hotel at Paris,
who caused me to mistake you for my uncle, and I .
never suspected anything until my uncle came into j
the room while we were at breakfast. He had been !
in India so many Years that I had forgotten what he
was like; but w'hfll he came in I at once recollected
him. I cannot tell you how ashamed I feel, for I was
wicked enough in my great confusion to pretend to
him that I had only'arrived yesterday morning. I
persuaded my uncle to leave Paris at once, never
thinking you would take any :nore trouble about
me. Pray forgive me for my ungrateful conduct to
you just now, but please keep'my secret, or my .
uncle might be angry." I will tell him some day ]
really. Do please forgive me, and accept my grate- I
ful thanks for your kindness. Yours sincerely, !
Amy Bethijxe.
" Poor little thing!" murmured Mr. I
Farquhar. when he had read the let-,
ter^wmcii ,?re handled tenderly. " Of j
^^Srse, sue feels awkward, for she I
kissed me more than once, thinking 11
was her uncle."
The recollection of this agreeable
episode caused the old gentleman to
break into a goocWtumored chuckle,
whioh 'hqnicvia.i avptt* trunp. nf anffer
ali.d'resentment from his mind.
t ^ . _ _
" Black Ants-as Food.
& -ifa'iE,,Fl-Brush, of-Mount Vernon, {
- .thus, writes to' the Medical
Jtecord: " I have just been reading in |
JtizHecord Lieutenant -Sch^atka's ar- j
,ticle. 041 scurvy,, and wish to: Call atten- i
tion to an article?*of diet,"nyhich, if!
procurable in sufficient .quantities, I
? VX 1. > ~ A a/?/5 /?V"? f V? A ii
THIglili UC it" auiuuvu lv? me I
arctic voyager's '"diet list,- namely, the j
large, black.ants found m- the wood of J
; the pine trees. Scu'rvy very often at-m
tacks the lumber nw-n of Maine, an?
they adopt this food as a remedy whem
suffering from the disease. Indee?
some of them become so fond of it w
to eat these ants whenever they can Jf i1
found. As these insects retain tbW j]
vitality while frozen imbedded in w j}
wood dust which thnv^Jjiemsey*;
make, might it not be possil^,.JJLmfJ ! ^
could be collected in suflirieBBr^' , ?' j:
to carry them frozen and ? .3 j]
sawdust till needed for /?' * , i3
4.1 <_ /how lon<r 11
course, the question arises/,,. . ;
mil they retain their vitl% m??s <
condition? a re Uk-tpM1 .' ,. ^ 1
classes of hibernating 3' v, c 1
might answer the same^B^ (
" TT--THBhe Philadel-f I
- * r^'Mr"T Iftf v ^VrOTjB^B-r T 1
"-^BSIov>' ca^ J ]
: avoid being ad<^sjijJ^B walk out at ^
Sght witl&bt The exi
-nerienced ^itbl&MBpaper tartly
i replied: "W shawl and i
| carry a cloth Tjjpj&y 1
A TURKISH FESTITAL.
H?w the Sultan Killed a Sheep at the Bair&in
Ceremonies.
A Constantinople letter of recent I
(late to a Xew Yurk paper gives this
interesting account of the peculiar
Turkish religious ceremony in which
the sultan took a prominent part:
Courban-Bairam lias just begun. The
sultan drove down from Yildiz in his
state coach, a very handsome affair, all
chocolate color and gold, drawn by
fnnr bav horsps. with ffurseouslv an- i
~ ? O f * * |
pareled outriders, running footmen
and coachman. The dress of these j
people is a sort of Albanian costume? !
jackets with hanging sleeves of a deep j
red color, every part of the cloth j
thickly embroidered with gold, loose,
baggy trousers of blue cloth, and riding i
boots with tops of irreproachable white- ;
ness. In the carriage of Abdul Ha-,
mid rode Ghazi Ahmed Pasha, the
major domo of the palace, and Dervisch
Pasha, who appears to enjoy just;
now a great deal of the imperial favor.;
The coach was sent away shortly after j
the arrival of the sultan and a 'mag-;
niiicent-looking wliite Arab charger;
was brought up to the door of the!
mosque, with silk and gold tasseled!
bridle and saddle cloth, a mass of red i
,Velvet and gq^d tracery. The religious !
pf^ihony lasted"abSatr half ar. hour,'
'and to the^Cfiristian listener outside i
seemed very muelrlike a%igh (Church |
performance of "some ceremonia. of his
own religion irith its chantinsr of the !
prayers. Presently, a bugle scunded, j
the ministers and marshals mounted i
;their chargers, while the nav.il and j
Military pashas of lower rank aid the >
" boys formed in two lines as before, j
The soldiers stood to their arms and a
bustle at .-the mosque, door, where!
two fine Circassian Cavalrymen with !
their keen-cutting " k<smas" kept watch
and. ward, showed that his majestyj
was about to appear. As the sultan
mounted the charger, carefully* held1
.W^ome half-dozen glooms, the guard
Jii^onbr turned^; half face, the troops
^pse^ed-^ai^s^ithe^iusic struck up ;
a stately pace,
'.'^^niarshals their
prancing , rode .'
a ]itt^:.atea^;lS3Pt^rtg a space between
theni^i4;^fe:|^^^iiah. The latter,
with GhaS^fopStar at his bridle rein, i
on the one'slcl?,>nand Osman Pallia on j
the other, surrounded by aides-de-1
camp, grooms and the men of his spe-j
-cial body-guards, moved on with the >
two lines of pashas and beys, anw&the;
loud shouts of "Padishah chok Pasha!" j
the soldiers presenting arms?u?tak-:
ing up the cry in succession a$g%s^%a-;
jesty passed each battalion. **' I
The sidtan had a weary :l6p>-' upon.- j
his face, as if the thought hail struck',
mm ot tne nonowness 01 an mis suuw .
of military strength when Europe was
determined to treat him as but a pup-:
pet in the arena of politics. "Whether '
owing to the unpromising appearance j
of the weather or the callousness with j
which Turks have grown to regan?
everything connected with their
eminent, there were fewer spectJ^v- j
present than usual, and I noticej^tors '
one petition presented. The mm. but j
looked like an American, hapm, who j
his ground well, and un^ia chosen i
sheet as the sultan p^s?e<*olhng the
and' :b^jp caught his>
Massing in ~TFfrou^~tTT<f j~
large gates, his majesty ^dismounted j
and stood for a few minutes on^the |
maroie steps, -a. cam oeanug sujluc i
verses of the Koran was placed in his
hand, and while he was reading them
a magnificent-looking sheep was l
brought upon the scene. The lon&> j
wool of its full-grown fleece was j
as the /driven snow, its horns
gilt and a knot of ribbons andjTaf '
ficial flowers had been listened ??? ttxe
back of the neck. The poor
lifted by the attendants, was nf^f.to
present its throat, an&'the sultarf^ ? |
a small knife from* a richh*# .35 {
salver, made the requisite JTcl^10f' j
With a graceful temenah .^u
all present liis majesty pjff* I
followed in a short tin,m 2 ,
the great fnnctionaries a/JF. oHlcials
who had come from the/Jrvee/ ?ix
c-V.oar\ cimiliirlv arlnrrifd v.? ? s augil- J
r f : IT 7'7 vPrWe steps, i
teed at the foot of thejT sacriI>ce;
that bang the extentoMI, mak |
winch the sultan is sur f;ation. Xo |
as being the father of ! <fption of the |
give an adequate defjg would
ceremony which foil JT thim couW
quire much more s is ,)ne of
be spared. Dolma-T fia]aces that ex.
the most magniflcei,? le(l waU
ist m Europe-ma r^j woolcov.
fluted columns anCu stahcases,
ered with gi , /- and standing!
massive chandelp support3 ??
cancelabra, mjt beautiful
the scale 01 .'Jiy carved and inlaid
parquet floors, nf^ of ^ descri
cabinets and fu# f.ts ^ make ^
tions, and ^ftmrnandment tut to!
break the tenttfl^ after |
see them send*, the j)a]ace ,4 J,
,1 %'m f Infused pictures of ori- i
T? Jr *cc and profusentss of
ental magni !#^ t0 ^),^s gorgeous
splendor, jm the broad sashei and
uniforms wil Qf ^ fu?,tion.
? . ?'.Tf them set in diamonds,;
jiries, man} / re5(iUe cos^uines cf the j
an : e P i hierarcliv, and the music j
ecclesiastic* ban(1> .^d you have some j
Moo ^Jwlnaterials which formed the ;
display of ^rnlK'"a^ Power that took j
place. /
/"When to Advertise.
. tenon mistake of retail d jalers
r*pf^ect advertising when tr.ide is
\s Jbefore the rush sets in. Adr^rfciib
*s ^e sowing seed. The hardest*
fJ^0WS- It(loes not come ut the
^ jpne. It does not come without
?? Jving. The time to advertise is
-16 ?Pe0Ple are not to? husy to read,
^ t^s than wljen they refes 1o the
110 M as to a directory. During the i
P^wti'enn celebration in Philadelphia
;r~Jherchants of that city crowded I
ttJ?Press their announcements,i
tj afterward expressed disappoint- j
jtit with the trade. Tliis leads one j
Wthe wisest journals of that city to
Wnark that perhaps the mediants |
five learned by this experience that I
Ee time to advertise is not whea the '
pty is jammed with people on some j
|reat occasion, but during the rest of:
che vear.?Boston Times.
Xnsic Hath Charms.
.
He who has not heard the merry |.
matin sung ol! the tuneful mule, knows 1
aothing of the power and potency of ;
ii^ic in her wildest, freest mood. 1
When in solo or concerted opera, the 1
four-footed choir is head and ears j1
ibove all human possibilities. The j'
music begins with an andante move-1
ment, soft and sweet as the ungrtased |'
wheelbarrow's plaintive voice ; then ;:
;omes the staccato furioso, the ac agio 1
fortissimo, splityourearso, followe-l by ]
;he tremulous yee-haw, which it the 1
jrown and summit, the cloud-capped 1
mountain top, of ecstacy and joy. Talk
lot of music, fellow-citizens, till you j;
lave heard the song of the mule.? -
Boston Transcript. J
]
Thirty thousand horses a year are ]
leeded to supply Xew York city';) de- ;
nand.
??== : .
A FIOATDiG F1EM.
Toe Way a Yankee Aytfded Paying TaxesStories
of Ruling Islands.
" Speaking aboufeiS^mg taxes," said
a man who had p^&j&ps been performing
that pleasant ^S;" reminds me of
an old fellow, ^.jport of hermit,
who lived whete^fcdid in a small
town in Xew ^gSj^liire, and if he
wasn't the out^mje^utest chap for
avoiding the demanci&i the State, thea
I'm mistaken."
"Why didn't they^U him out?"
" Because they couldn't get hold of
the property. Xo, it Wasn't air castles,
and he didn't live in a balloon, but on
solid property, and every tirae the taxcollector
came. aro]jn<^in Xew Hampshire
Ezra and hiproperty were in
Massacb usetts," ;>
"Oh, I see.:^?CehaS the State line*
on. j^:heels,|^d';;sh^v^d it about to
ad his property
fixed so that he could s^.'ftit anywhere
he wanted. It was no<'>;r.g more nor
less than a floating isl^r^v oade up of
bog and stuff, and for* .?;'>od many
years it blew about J[. ,nd, -until
finally the old chap put hut on it,
kept a cow, chickens and/ ducks, and
had a regular floating farm. But one
day he h eard the assessor was coming,
so he cast off the moorings that he had
rigged to the island, and before the
next day the wind ha-i carried him
over the State line thi t ran through
the pond into Massachusetts, and when
the collector went out in a skiff the
old bog-skipper, as they called him, actually
threatened to have- him arrested
for trying to collect the taxes of a
neighbor State. He anchored the island
on the Massachusetts side .until the
selectmen got after him there, and for
several years he dodged bask and forth,
and didn't pay a cent on his four acres.
But finally they put up'a job on him,
and two assessors, op.e from each
State,went out in skiffs, theisland being
anchored in the middle of the lake. The
old man said he was ready to pay, only
he wanted it just right, as he lived in
both States?the hous?i was in one
State and the barn in tl|e other.. The
collectors got so mixc-d.^% trying to
straighten it that I belijsjPftliey had to
take it into court. Atfvfrjay, I don't
think th3 old man's taxes'are square
"A similar case nnjp> happen at
another place in 2s ew England," said
one of the group of listef&rs." On Lake
Menomcnpuk there is?aa island that
for a^>ng.time was called the mysteriou^Maad.
It belonged to the town
of Wirichehdon, Mass., contained about
sixracres, and was covered with trees
+ KAi. rr>/-vro Vi i nrh < ' Snmp nf t.hfl
Hiiri L'y icci/ wx. ~
people declared that theskhad seen the
island move years ago, flbt they were
generally laughed at undone morning
they found it gone, and; now it is, or
was a short time ago, over the State
line in Xew Hampsliire,' nearly three
miles from where it lirst stood. lt. was
mined it, uc^fi^^rood: ^'eeze took
the trees as ? ^.^"^way it went.
"Many ]? ^^T^^imilar islands,
even in stream ^e- They
are found ancliS^HB'ots' rising ainl
filing with thj^HHkt ^ swinging
oy their veer ^'ome ?f the
^ Du^ir^? the great .Hood in the Mis
>i in 1874. vast floating: islands
' $S formed in the river and carried
faA- out into the Gulf stream. One
j.;/iat a vessel ran into 300 miles from
the delta was over an acre in extent,
and populated with a great variety of
snakes^fjogs and turtles, besides a
number of lantT ammals that had
sought protection tlafre from the rising
waters, only to be swept out to sea.
The geographical distribution of life,
it will be seen, depen ds much on these
floating islands?a fact proved by comparing
the inhabitants of islands miles
apart. Several years ago a large snake
was picked up off the Bermuda islands
clinging to a floating island that with- j
out doubt had come from the Amazon. I
Miles of cordage float out of the great
river in the same way, carrying seeds ;
and even animals far around the cir
cuit of the Atlantic. The same is true
of the Ganges. Great rafts, populated
with animals from the interior, have ;
been found by vessels over 200 miles ;
from the mouth of the river.
" The great mass of seaweed, occu- ,
pying an area of many thousand square
miles in the Atlantic, better known as i
the Sargasso sea, is a vast island inhabited
by a fauna entirely different
from that of the surrounding waters, ,
and all the animals are in some way j
peculiarly adapted or modified to their
surroundings. Similar tracts cccur in
various uarts of the world, often so
thick that the passage of vessels
through them is seriously impeded."
"Well, I declare," said the first
speaker, "then old Ezra's floating farm
wasn't such a very singular thing after
all; liut I reckon he made an original
use of it."?New York Sun.
Onr Oldest School.
One would not expect to find in the
city of Xew York a school older than
Harvard university. On the front of
a plain brick building in Twenty-ninth
street near the Seventh avenue may be
read the following inscription :
" School of the Collegiate Eef. Prot.
Dutch Church of the City of UsTew
York. Founded A. D. 1633. Erected
A. J). 1860."
Harvard college was founded in
1636 ; Yale in 1702. So far as we
know this Preformed Dutch school is
the oldest institution of learning now
existing within tne ooruers 01 tne
United States or even in America.
Founded early in 163-3, it is approach**:
ing the end of its two hundred aruH
fiftieth year, an anniversary which ftN'
intends to celebrate with unusual eclat.
'When it began its career the city was
called ZSTew Amsterdam, and TTouter
Von Twiller was governor of the colony.
The only period of any considerable t
length during which, the school lias
been closed was from 1776 to 1783,
when Xew York was held by the
British troops. Before Evacuation
day, however, it was reopened, and
has never since been discontinued.
Until 1773 the English language was
never taught in the school. In that
year the deacons of the Dutch Reformer!
church, under whose charge it was,
and is, permitted both languages to be
taught. The Dutch language continued
to be a leading object of studv I
until after the beginning of the present
century.
Tiie school now contains about one
hundred and fifty pupils, all of whom
are children of members of the Reformed
Dutch church. The school is
not only free, but needy children are
provided with clothing, akd all are
required to attend Sunday-school.
flow changed is Xew York since
Master Bogardus and his little flock of
Dutch boys, all in cocked hats and
leather breeches, came together every
rv?/\T? n r>1ir> f HPV\ n
-L1VJJL 1ULU.?? ULCfti VUCUWO OXii JL1IC
place was then a Dutch village of |
about three hundred inhabitants.? I
Youth's Companion, j
The Bank of England.
The following is an interesting account
of the manner in which the
greatest financial institution in the
world is conducted: The^constitution
and government of the Bank of England
are not fully understood, even by
rv.oTiTr Af-liortrico 1. i n f nrm prl rp<;i
iiiClil T UtUVi '? iOlj ?? Vii *** a?^wv% ? vw*
dents in the city of London itself. It
differs from most corporations in tlie
fact that it has no permanent governor
nor chairman, and furthermore
that the remuneration paid to the directors
for their services is individually
.small. The governing body consists
of twenty-six directors, that is to
say, one governor, one deputy-governor
and twenty-four directors. This
body does not change except by death
or resignation, etc., but the governor
and his deputy, who act as chairman
and deputy-chairman of the board or
L'Olirii Oi. UirtfUlUl?., Uimiigc ocj.? k nv
rears, the deputy becoming governor
^and ail > the directors
being* deputy and governor in rotation.
" The^ salary; of the go^noiy .
of the other twenty-four directors is
?500 each. According to Francis,
whose history of the Bank of England
is practically out of print., the management
of the birnk is vested in the
whole court of directors, which meets
weekly, when a statement is read of
the position of the bank as regards its
securities, bullion and liabilities. The
directors have equal power, and should
a majority disapprove of tlie' arrangempnfiq
t.hpv mav reconstruct them.
Eight directors go out and eight come
in annually, elected by the court of
proprietors. The list of candidates
recommended by the court of
iirectors is transmitted to the
proprietors, and the eight so
recommended uniformly come
in. When any person is proposed
as ft new director, inquiry is always
instituted concerning his private
character. Those who survive this
fiery ordeal, and are approved of by
the court of doctors, never fail to be
elected. The qualifications for a director
are the possession of bank stocl:
to the amount of ?2.000; for the deputy-governor,
?3,000, and for the governor,
?4,000. The directors are responsible
for the management of the
j affairs of. the bank, and penalties are
' attached to their office individually
and collectively on certain occasions.'
By their charter, however, they are
not answerable to the government for
the management of the monetary de
partment, and the security which the
public has for a good administration
of affairs depends upon the discretion .
1 of the directors, subject to the charter.
Tlie Singhalese.
I The greater number of children playing
in the streets were boys. Girls
are early accustomed to remain inside
che huts and employ themselves in
! household work. Besides this, they
^gvdop very young, being often marfc^^^teE-pr
twelve years old, and are
jl^^^Bl^fig^^^Wrtyare
jery f re quent. j
cact is the permanent dispropo^S^fcL
male and female births among tm^
Singhalese. The average is ten boys j
4?- &9,girls. This fact is connected, to
TTTgTffOT L5 marnrpy ernment
to suppress this custom, it
maintains its ground, especially in the
more remote districts of the islan'I.
It is not unusual to lind two or three
Drotners witn one wiie in common,
and ladies may be found
the nappy possessor of ten or
twelve husbands. These complicated
family arrangements form
the theme of many extraordinary
stories ; but it is very difficult to distinguish
fact * from fable on the
subject. The Singhalese have a passion
for music and dancing, and practice
both arts according to a standard
of taste very different from our own.
Their principal instruments are the
a f U a f /~vf Am ^rr! 1"* A
UI Ulil <ALLU LUC OUlU-lrV/Ul, V IgVJIUUOlJ' UC" I
labored with wooden drum-sticks; be- j
sides these, they have reed-pipes, and
a very primitive stringed instrument
of one string. My evening calm was
often broken in upon by the din of
these ear-splitting instruments, and if
I followed the sound to its source I
was sure to find, in front of a fire under
a palm tree, a group of ten or a
dozen naked brown fellows, gayly
painted with white, yellow or red
stripes, and indulging..in th'e^most extraordinary
antics. A'ci're&'of spectators
stood round, and followed the
grotesque performance with devout
attention.?Professor Haeckel, in .
ture. t "-v- ,5
;'?Jack Ketch.
Jack Ketch,^whose name," says Ma-.cauley,
"has during a-century and a
half been vulgarly given, to ;ill who in
London have succeeded " him in his j
odious'oince, was a re^ person, tnougn
some will -have, it that^&ack Ketch" is
only a corruption otthe^ame'of- Richarc!
J?cquet, once lord ofSIhe- manor pf
Tyburn. Jack Ketch beci^ehangnftii
about 1678, and "hHd for- a
long time, though.- temporarily ' ousted
by Rose, the.iit&cher, in 1688. It was
he who executed the, "\Vhig martyr,
Lord "William llussell,'and the unfortunate
Duke of Monmouth. That was
a particular palmy time for the hang-.. ?
man. Snow makes. ..out that_uader.
Henry VIII. there were 72,000 executions
in thirty-eight years?a contrast
with the present time, when the exeTTnrrlon^l
W?yiOC
?/l*l/XVJLlO XXX Ui.iU M tU*-0 C*-*
age, perhaps, fifteen a year, as against*
104 about 1820, fifty-nine about 1830and
twenty a decade later, -And this
average of about forty hangings a week
pales into insignificance beside some of - ...
,;the records under James II. and Jeff- '/.
"feys. At Dorchester we read l.^out ^
. of 300 persons were sent to tlie:; gal* ^
lows ; in Dorsetshire se ve.ufcy-four,'and ::
in Somersetshire 233.. At a,.time whetiLady
Alice Lisle was sentenced to be
burned alive for harboring fugitive
rebels arid.Ja:II. reluctantly-eoramuted
the^i. irice k> decaprtafibn
when women were scourged atthe 1
c?rt's tail through the /streets, and" a 1
boy in. his teens, accused of'-using se- <
iff A\M/7n .</in f/\n rtA/4 tA
.uuuus ? ui.ua, tv
whipped once a fortnight for seven
years, the hangman was kept busy. <
"* A Pretty Experiment. ' J
The following experiment in the way '<
of physics without apparatus is given 1
by a correspondent of La Nature. A '
ciav pipe is laid over the top of a large 1
wine glass, and a person is required to '
bring it down to the table, without 1
touching either pipe or glass, without 1
agitating the air or moving the table. ^
Tne solution of the problem consists
in taking up another like glass, rub- 1
bing it vigorously on your sleeve, then 1
bringing it near the pipe stem, which is 1
thereunon stronsrlv attracted, so that i (
the pipe falls. This experiment is a
pretty variation of the electric pendu- (
lura, and shows that pipe clay, a very 1
lad conductor of electricity, yields 1
readily to the attraction of an electri- 3
fied body. .
There are 19,037 boys and 4,566 girls
confined in the reformatory and indua- <
trial schools of England. (
TDEELY TOPICS. !
r ,1
It is said there ate in Xew Yor"?
city some 20,000 houses, each contain-;
ing from two to forty families, and
8,000 more containing two o^three
families, but not known tech^icaSy ^
tenements. The polite name for these .
barracks is fiats.
Business men who are seeking out j
many inventions in the way of adver-j
USlng, Will UU Weil IfiJ ICiliCIJUUCi j
an imitation of the greenback note of ;
any denomination has been declared to
be "illegal by the treasury department, i
Some of these advertising devices are J
printed in green ink on the back, and j
when folded up look exactly like a j
genuine greenback note of the denomi- j
nation indicated by the figure. This is j
a violation of the United States statute
upon'the subject, even though no attempt
be made to counterfeit the face
of the bill. It is a punishabjg offense,
to counter^^^^^^^^^^^^uine_
standing in Ms. hoke paper the'year |
round.
The legal right of a woman to be as
young as she chooses has just been settled
by a Pennsylvania court. An insurance
company had issued a policy
upon the life of a lady who gave her
age as sixty-three. She died three
months later, and the company claimed
not to be liable, on the ground that the
age of the insured had been misstated;
that she was, in fact, seventy-seven instead
of sixty-three years old. The
plaintiff, the daughter of the deceased,
contended that her mother Jiad given
her age as welT as she could remember
it, and was not guilty of fraud or deception.
The jury found for the plaintiff,
evidently taking the view that a
woman's age is nobody's business, and
that if she happens to count her years i
fifteen or twenty short it is a matter j
of no consequence. The case will go j
to the supreme court. *
Since 1S43 an'&verage of 575 earthquakes
a year have been known to occur.
Mallet has collected the records of
6,830 earthquakes which took place
over a period of 3,456 years previous
to 1850; but 3,240 of these occurred
during the last fifty years. It seems,
therefore, that our earth is almost constantly
shaking at some point, and no
part of the world is entirely free from
tremors of some degree. Professor
Milne t has recently urged that the
study ' of earthquakes should receive
more attention in countries little subject
to their visitation. Such countries
may at long intervals be shaken
by earthquakes of a severe character,
and it is suggested that even the stable
ground of England may not be secure
against disturbance by convulsions as
caJamatous as that which suddenly
swept away 60,000 of the inhabitants
o? Lisbon in 1755.
1
Labouchere, editor of London Truth
says that France is now one gigantic ;
gambling establishment. At Paris, ;
etery one, from the fine lady to the
^abman, speculates at tii^bourse, and
fcjevery Frencl^^nvn
"fame of baccarat to be ow^
for my part," he says, " I hold that a
fool and his money being made to
part it signifies very little to the state
whether money be in the pocket of
fool A or fool B?or, indeed, for the
matter of that, of swindler C. But I
would point out to the British traveler
in France that if he risks his cash at
baccarat it is about fifty to one that he
will be cheated. Any one may hold
the bank and there are numerous
gangs organized for this purpose. ,
One of the gang holds it and deals the
cards, while another of the gang makes
a sign to him to let him know the
exact value of the cards given to the
players. With this advantage it is
not. perhaps, surprising that the gang ,
should win and that the unsuspecting
traveler should lose." ,
Benefit of Cl rgy.
It was an ancient privilege allowed
to the clergy of claiming when accused :
of felony to be delivered up to an ecclesiastical
judge?always favorable to :
his own order?for compurgation, in- ;
stead of being tried in the ordinary way i
before the lay judges of the land. .In s
ancient times few persons, except i
those in holy orders, could read, and :
accordingly the test for an accused per
son claiming benefit of clergy was his 1
ability to read. If he could not, the ]
courts would not part with the defend- j
ant'^bu^ proceed to try him as if he 1
were aiSfrnan. Afterward, when edu- <
cation became more general, other per- 1
sons besides clergymen were able to c
read; and"so, in the reign of Edward j
III., parliament extended the privilege : t
of clergy, as it is called, to clerkly lay-,.?
men until the reign of Elizabeth.! j
-itt~?^nI 4
VY Uliicil ucic hvju auuftcu ujulcii ( i
until tlie reign of William and Mary* c
when parliament extended the ben- z
efit to them. In the reign of i
Henry YIL, however, a blow If
was aimed at this singular... .priv j 1
ilege as. enjoyed by laymen,- and- a | i
statute was then passed- against "di- t
verse persons lettered," who have been *
more bold to commit murders, rob- c
bery, theft, as well as all other mis- t
chievous deeds," which enacted that 1
persons "not within holy orders" ac- c
cused of these offenses and convicted \
thereof, were in cases of murder to be f
marked witjli-the letter "M" on the
br^vn of the left thumb, and in all t
with thp lpftpr "T tn dpnntp t.
it is'presumed, that tberperson had 1
beeiguilty of theft.- In cases of high I
treason, benefit, of clergy were never \
alibied to. be pleaded. It is stated c
that when an accusecTperson claimed i d
his clergy it was usual to test his learn-i p
ing by requesting him to read the first! a
v;erse of the fifty-first Psalm, which in h
Latin." begins with the words, "ilis- ii
erere uiei Deus." In addition to the "
extraordinary character of this pro- v
seeding* in which a touch ofgrhn humor |
seems perceptible, it^aftejardity.is ap- i
parent-. for,, of course, meiunigkt easily ; I
have coached.themselves;up in the ro- ^
quired t<*?t. "The ecclesiastical judge,
who whs. generally the bishop," might, v
however/ have given the defendant
anything else to read; and in either
:ase, in the event of his inability to t
comply, might have handed him over g
to the law, and this proceeding gen-11
?rally meant death. A custom which j g
favored criminals solely on account of J t
their good education appears to us, who 11
live in times when it is justly thought! b
that superior intelligence adds a stain j n
;o criminality of any kind, to be in the v
y-/i vaf itro ! 11
iigliCOU uc^icc tt';ouiu, jr cw ^ cll ^ tuiu i *'
7V able writers that the benefit of j v
Jlergy, or learning?for "clergy" is here ! d
;antaraount thereto?was' not so ri-j t
liculous as it seems. Without saying j
uore on the subject, it may be stated i I
;hat the privilege was abolished in the ! S
reign of George IV.?London Anti- f
[uary. o
? e
The inhabitants of the Xorth Pole u
country will be sociable enough when v
mce the ice is broken. J
/ ^ CHRISTMAS SYMBOLS. 1
Some Timely and Interesting FoIk-Lore,
The Christmas carol is derived from j
cantare, to sing, and rola, an interjec-:
tion or JayTfrom <* very early date, i
Jjishop 'Taylor observes tiui*. the "Glo-;
riam Excelsis," the well-known hyisiU
sung by the angels to the shepherds
at our Lord's nativity, was the earliest
Cnristmas caroL In former times
bishops were accustomed to sing these
pious canticles among their clergy.
Wart on tells us that, in 1521, TFynkyn
de Worde printed a set of Christmas
carois wmcn were restai cnansons lor
enlivening the merriment of the Christmas
celebration, quite unlike our religious
hymns of the present day,!
which are popular among all classes, i
and we are told that the Puritans i
adopted them in keeping with their
more staid notions of Christmas observance.
The boar's head, soused,
was'anciently the first dish served on
Christmas d~y in ^England, and w?s
Mid solemnity to
the.^hantunj- of a. certain carol
Am'o&g^ofiaSf early English customs at
this festival was that of the oblanders,
who gave to their customers gifts of
candles, and the bakers presented their
patrons with yule cakes, which often
represented some grotesque character
jn miniotnro nr -nocfir rvroconto nf Snmo
X-ii. U1UJUUUUAV} VA V4 WWM*V
description.
Among the anc'c-nt Komans the
laurel was an emblem of peace, joy and
victory ; whence an English authority
derives the custom of decorating English
homes with that evergreen, as a
symbol, denoting joy for the victory
gained over the powers of darkness,
and of that peace on earth and good
will toward men which the angels sung
overthe fields of Bethlehem. Other
evergreens were subsequently adopted.
The mistletoe, however, regarded
rather as a symbol emanating from the
heathenish rite, of Drmdismgwas never
admitted into churches, b? *%s hung
up in dwellings, where it signified, upon
Christmas occasions, the right of any
young man %o salute with a kiss any
maiden who passed beneath the bough.
The Christmas-box^ was one for'-the
reception of money contributed in
contemplation of . this "season, that
masses might be said by the priests,
who invoked forgiveness for excesses
committSi^y.the people.
The old English name of tne holly
was holm," or " holm-oak," and in
many parts pf England it is still kiiown
"Kit fVioc& -nam^c orf/i *T?7Ylmpc;rtalp in
Surrey, and other villages, whose names
commence with Holm, . have been
derived -from the abundance of holly,
which at.-some period grew in their:'
vicinity.- ^
A writer in Chambers' Journal says
concerning the etymology of mistletoe:
" Mistletoe is an obsolete old English
word, used, however, as late as in the
writings of Boyle, and is defined in
Dr. Johnson's original fplio edition of
his dictionary as the state of being
mingled. Xow, this is truly the condition
of our plant, which is intermingled
with the foliage of other trees,
and mixes their juices with its own,
and is indeed in rural places still called
the mistle. If to this we add the old
English tod or toe,-signifying bush,
we have at once the derivation,, mean
to its own. ?
The Christmas season is proverbial
as one of popular activity among the
English people ; and the Italians have
a proverb expressive of this in the
sentiment, "He has more business
than English ovens at Christmas."
The season is well known throughout
Protestant Europe as " The Children's
Festival." Christmas cards are very
popular in England, and the postmen
in London and other English cities are
busily engaged in delivering these welcome
messages every Christmas morning.
Leigh Hunt says that volumes can
be written on each of the separate
items of'Christmas association, beginning
with "roast beef and plum pudding,"
and ending characteristically ,
with "love, hope, charity and en
aeavor.
The popular custom of decorating (
the houses and churches at Christmas ,
with evergreens is very ancient, and it
is believed to be derived from Druid ,
practices. It was an old belief that '
sylvan spirits might look to the ever- ;
greens and secure among them protec- j
tion from f^>st until the return of ,
spring. T d various evergreens in ?
use from Arly times are hollv, ivy, j
rosemary, bays, laurel and mistletoe, .
which, excepting the latter, retained j
their place in both houses and churches ,
from Christmas until Candlemas. <
[lolly and ivy still remain in England ^
;he most esteemed Christmas ever- 1
jreens, though at the two universities ,
;he windows of the college chapels are \
lecked with laurel j
Many of the rites and symbols at- (
;aching to the observance of this j
;eason may be traced to a period long s
irior to the time when Julius Caesar ^
irst landed in Britain. The drawing ! t
)f the "yule log" comes from a very J
mcient Scandinavian custom, when, t
n the winter solstice, during a certain .
east, large bonfires were kindled in *
lonor of the god Thor. The bringing ^
n and placing of the ponderous log on c
he hearth of the baronial hall was g
imong the most joyous of ceremonies *?
>bserved on Christmas eve in feudal r
imes. If the charred remains of the r
? 1 - x
og were preseiveu tu uguu its auc- g
:essor of the following Christmas, it }.
vas considered a s are safeguard against a
ires in the interim. ; t
The custom among the juvenile por- ^
ion of the English people, at one f
ime, was called 44 The Burial of the r
rVren," on St. Stephen's day, Decern- ^
ier 26. On that day parties of boys
rent from door to door, the leader a
arrying a fresh branch of evergreen t
iecorated gayly with ribbons and j.
ieces of colored paper, to which was t
ttached a bird. At the door of each f
louse visited the party joined in sing f
Qg the following lines in rhyme:
; The wren, the wren, the kins of birds, S
Vas caught on St. Stephen's day in the firs; v.
Jthough he is little his honor is great, ?
o rise up, ianci mauam'j, ana give as a i *
treat? i a
Ip with kettle, and down with the pan, j r
. penny or twopence to bury the wren; j
.'our pocket full of money, your cellar full ! s
of beer, 11)
re wish you merry Christmas and a happy | 7
New Year." \
One of the prettiest Christmas cus- j Loms
is the Norwegian practice of g
iving, on Christmas day, a dinner to n
he birds. On that morning every e
;able, gateway or barn door is decora- ^
ed with a sheaf of corn attached to p
he end of a long pole, from which the
irds are invited to make their Christ- '
ias dinner. Even the poor peasants ^
i-ill contrive to have a handful at *
?ast reserved for this purpose, and ^
chat the birds do not eat on Christmas s
av remains for them to finish at v
lieir leisure through the winter. ^
Christmas gifts had their origin in ...
'aganalia, which was instituted by ~
ervius Tullus. B. C. 550. On these v
festivals, celebrated at the beginning ^
f the vpnr ,in aitar was erected .in i J
very village, "and to the box placed p
pon it every man, woman and child
,-as expected to contribute a coin.
Lubery mentions a spot in which c
: ;>V ' IS
Roman coins were formd andfl
to be one of those Paganali^M
The Christmas-box ngtunH
from this Pagan
Coleridge, in
North Germany *0 ~
the first jS^-as.4 M
trez pe^eo^5'
EnglishVtftftf:
a place
about half ?nuH^r^R
Curious Facts About ConsumptwH
Consumption causes many ?
deaths than any other disease, and an^H
statistics bearing upon its causes or
the conditions of its development are
of much importance to both the medi- -,JjB
cai profession and the public. With V*
the view of obtaining information I
concerning the etiology of the disease .0'^9
Dr. Placer, of Toronto, sent oat a list
of questions to' each of many'handreds
of physicians, having cases'in'practice .
in Canada .and the. St?-t?s" of
York,' Ohio, Indian^ -Illinois fl I
and Louisiana. The ques^^s? r^l - JP
to the [age, sex and jgfnefiirstructnre -- v
of the patients, and to their ancestry,
general habits, etc. About 250 physicians
answered the questions, and
doctor has made Jr?>ni_ these^ 2o0: v ~ "Tfl
cases a concise r eport of much'practical
value. The average age of the patients
was twenty-seven years-; forty- J
six per cent, were-males and fifty<our
per cent, females; only twenty-eight.
per cent were married. The circumference
of tb^e chest was in "every case ; :3S
much below the average of vigorous
persons of the same height, being-only
thirty-one and a half inches; the average
height being fiv^ feet five and a ?3?sgi[
half inches. Persons of such statfioae^ ,
should have a chest circumference of *
about thirty-seven inches. About
fifty-five per cent, had light blue eyes .
and light hair, and the nervous temperament
largely prevailed. Two ^
thirds of the patients had been en- *
gaged in indoor, sedentary-Occupation,
and spent but little time inthe open
air. Much the greater part of them
had slept in small unventilated bedrooms,
two in a bed, had not usually*" T^ v - *
worn flannel next the skin, nor used
habitually any form of bath, and nearly - v
all had been small or .very moderate; eaters,
and used but very little fattv . ^
food except butter. The general habr '? ,
its of nearly all had befen good, and
but very few had used alcoholic spirits
to excess. In only*hirty-six per cent.
of the cases had ancestors died o? the
disease, while nearly three-fourths had.-'
resided in a locality favoring a humid,..
cool atmosphere.. ?
Mr. Playter draws some important "
deductions: Marriage in certain, conditions
and certain stages of the disease
is probably unfavorable to,the development
and progress of consumption."
Heredity is not ef such constancy andv^
importance as a cause as appearsJtc^ :
have been commonly believed^ further
than in so far as configuration and .
structure of the body, the relation, and .
the relative size and vigor of the different
organs to each other are influenced
by parentage?i. e^ina want of general*
stamina from defective construction.
With the small lungs and consequent
imperfect respiratory capacity, the individuals
could not consume enough ,
oxygen to utilize the digested products "C
of *a-generous or. full, diet, especially
pruuauiufy accum
of uELTised and waste substances which . ^ ~M
should have been thrown off through
the lungs. The one means which will v.
best tend to prevent the development
of the disease in those thus predisposed
to it is apparent enough ; it is
that of increasing in early life by ju- ^
dicious physical exercise the size and
capacity of the respiratory organs.
The . doctor draws attention to the
desirability of taking into consideration
the respiratory capacity of patients
suffering from tubercuiai
phthisis before prescribing a full or toe
carbonaceous diet. -
Stuffing an Elephant's Skin,
An article in Century, by Franklin
H. North, contains the following de- ~'i
scription of an elephant's skin:
Xot long ago Ward dispatched a
man to India to shoot an elephant. He
obtained permission from the governor
of the Madras presidency (for the elephant
is protected by the laws), ana
after a long hunt, in which the natives
joined, finally secured the largest stuffed
specimen in the country, now in the
museum of comparative zoology at * |
Cambridge, Mass. The elephant was
shot through the head. Careful measurements
were first made of the body
md limbs, and then the skin was removed
in three sections. One incision
vvas made at the top of the neck, along
;he back to the tail; another divided
;be skin from the throat, along the
niddle of the body underneath, meetng
the first incision at the tail; and a
;hird cut severed the head from the
)ody. On the inside of each leg an incision
was made from the sole of the
:oot to the abdominal opening. The
;kin was removed by working from
;he latter and the back cuts at
he same time, the legs being cut
>ff at the joints. Then the body was
oiled over, and the operation was related.
Finally the head and trunk
vere skinned. The absence of haii
rom the skin facilitated the treatment
>f both sides with preservatives. Both
ides were washed with arsenical soap
ind salt, and rubbed with a flat stone.
Dhe skin was then rolled up and
jacked away. Two days later it wa*
Aiif nrv/1 fV?A /vP j
uut, <xiiu. v^JL la^oii <*\jt
iering were removed. . ^fter being
Lgain treated with arsenic, it was- left ??< -*fj
mdisturbed for a week, at the expiraion
of v/hich time the fibers were N
ound to be hardened and the epidernis
thoroughly set. Powdered alum
sras now freely used, and the skin left *
o dry in the shade. Twenty days
.fter the commencement of the operaion,
the skin, then weighing only two
lundred and forty pounds, was shipped - o
America. Upon its arrival hither,
our bars of wrought iron, each twelve
eet long and one and a quarter
nches thick, were bent *into .
hape for-, the legs and firmly -1
4-? a
IUIleu <X CTC<1U1 ICCl auu
our inches thick. This was to serve
s a backbone for the attachment cf
ibs, pelvis and scapulae. Semi-circular
haped bones were attached to the
ackbone, and laths nailed thereon.
'hen a wooden pelvis and shoulder
lades were set, and at each joint of
he legs a round piece of wood was
tted about the leg-iron, and lathes ? -ailed
from one joint to the other. An
xact copy of the skull in wood was
olted on in position. Then the several
arts were wrapped with wisps of
traw, and the manikin was covered ?j
nth the skm of the elephant. From y. J
lie measurements that had been mad,?;
tie distances between the various eix- jjfl
remities were copied, and the protruions
imitated by stuffing. The trunk
/as filled with straw, and the wooden
nitation of the skull covered with
lay and molded into shape. After the
kin was thoroughly dry?for pr;
ious to mounting it had been in the re
ipsing tank?the seams were sewed H
jgether, and the elephant was com
v.
Montana has over 1,000,000 head
attle grazing on its fertile .pastures?
- .'^hH