The Gem state rural. [volume], May 15, 1897, Image 1

About The Gem state rural. [volume] (Caldwell, Idaho) 1895-1910

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CALDWELL, IDAHO, MAY 15. 1897.
VOLUME 11.
NUMBER 8.
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As apple trees are usually man
Hued it requires a long time for
into bearing,
small when set, and
does not have an
O
Hortieciltcire..
Peaches Between Apple Trees.
American Cu.t vator.
for them to come
The trees are
if the planter
active imagination forty feet di
between the trees each way
altogether too large a
I
s- ;
tance
will seem
space to be given up for the trees.
On the other hand, the peach tree j
few 7
lives only a
rapidly, and comes into bearing
L very young.
prows
years,
An orchard o+
I peach trees may live,
out of the way before the spread
ing apple tree branches will find
them in the way. For this reason
believe the practice of plant
ing peach trees between apple
I trees to be altogether a good one,
provided
observed,
enough in mineral fertilty to
furnish needed potash for both
growths. The failures in plant
I t m S peach t
apple trees come rnain'y from not
observing the condition,
peach crop will pay 7 the expense
of both orchards, and in the
shelter of the apple trees the
peach trees will be less likely 7 to
be winter killed or to have their
we
some conditions are
The soil must be rich
between rows of
rees
The
fruit .wasted by winds before it is
ripened. As a further advantage,
the apple trees, finding their root
growth restricted by 7 the peach
tree growing between them, will
begin earlier than they
will if the apple trees have all the
ground to themselves.
m • • • . , . f
More inquiries and complaint
reach this office as to the canker
or dead spot of the bark disease
attacking the pear tree, says Sec
re,ary Cass of the Washington
btate Board ol Horticulture in
Rangée and Ranch, than concern
ing any other pest affecting our
fruit orchards. This disease is
quite widespread of late years on
the Northwest Pacific coast,
I During winter and early spring
careful inspection of the trees will
show on those affected, small
spots or patches of the smooth
•>
THE DEAD SPOT OF THE BARK
DISEASE.
Believed to be a Highly Contageous
Disease. Remedies Suggested.
bark blackened and dead; these
spots apparently starting from a
size no larger than
shot, and extending in a few
weeks or months to a size several
inches in length to about one
half that in width. These dead
spots often extend entirely around
the branch or the body of the
tree attacked and kill it outright,
though as a general thing it only 7
seams up its surface with the
dead and shrunken patches com
monly observed on the trees af
Observation leads to the
a small bird
fected.
belief that the disease is highly
contageous, and spreads from
Prof,
Pierce, delegated by the Depart
ment of Agriculture at Washing
D. C, to make a special*
this
tree to tree in the orchard.
ton,
upon
coast, is of the opinion that it is
of fungiod origin. He recom
mends that sprays of sulphate of
copper (blustone) be used as a
preventative measure. No very
marked success in this direction
how 7 ever, has attended the use of
this or other fungoicides either
here or in Oregon.
It is-a weP known fact that
different varieties have different
resistent qualities, and while the
Boswick Codlin, Gravenstein,
Baldwin, D. Mignons, the Hyslop
Crab, and others of the apple are
very subject to the disease, some
other sorts are comparatively 7 free
from its attacks. Annually spray
ing the orchard in winter, and
good care and cultivation, insur
a strong, clean, vigorous
„
mg
growth of tree, is the great secret
of success in the treatment and
of orchard work in general, and
will give the greatest exemption
from loss from this and other fruit
tree pests.
Yet one specific method for
prevention of the evil effects of
this disease seems to have given
«rood results viz: the slitting of
the bark process, which is as fol
lows- As soon as these newly
deadened bark patches are obser
CM the bepinine of the grow
ved, at the beginung ot g
mg season slit the bark with the
point of a knife, be in *
.sound hea thy bark above
extend;? , a " d _Quilts to
t ic r ear p rs
be about one four wood
apart : l ™ e ipletly
and bark will form and compieny
cover anc'r ^ -^^car remains
patches, othervvis - ^
for months or ye • 1 ~ g
alkaline and soap - . g
or other ^ 1 ^ winter
used on the trees in the winter
ease;
smaller shoots and twigs are at
tacked, as is often the case, little
can be done in this way to
obviate its effects on those parts
of the tree.
j
season, it will leave the bark with
a clean, bright surface, so that the
dead spots will be quickly and
plainly seen, when the above
treatment will insure against any
damage or harm to the main
trunk and branches from the dis
if the
though, of course,
; Inspector R M. Gwinn of this
I county, who has had personal
experience with this serious pest,
recommends the following remedy
which he used with success.
believes the disease very con
tageous and thinks it was brought
F s)
'P
He
to this locality with trees from
Oregon nurseries.
Alex McPherson, inspector for
district no. 5, is studying this
"dead canker', closely and unites
with Mr. Gwinn in recommend
in g the following remedy,
Formula—
1 pound
1 pound
Blue Vitriol
Quick Lime
DIRECTIONS—DLoIve and put
Treat
into one gallon of water,
the disease heroically. Cut out
knife all diseased bark
with
and
apply above remedy to
and to entire
diseased parts,
body of the tree and to first
limbs, with a brush. Carefully
burn all diseased parts cut out.
If disease has nearly or quite
circled the tree better cut it
down and burn up entirely.—Ed.
Rural.
en
Remedy for the Cabbage Aphis.
and
we recommend
its cheapness
The remedy
because of
— .
effectiveness is one pound of hard
soap to sixteen gallons of water
or one once to one gallon. Dis
solve one pound of soap in three
quarts of water by heat and di
lute to sixteen gallons. If hard
water is used add a little soda to
it. It sticks much better than
kerosene emulsion. Of course a
^rosenec ^ ^ ^ ^
f h t ffieaks^'hen cut) is the best
^use of ite superioV gelatining
property but a cheap rosin soap
may be used. The soap solution
cannot be applied with a sprink
ling can. It should be applied in
» g • . . . pressure,
With a^ne spray sixteen gal
, ons wH1 be sufficient fortwohun
dred or three hundred half grown
heads G f ca bbage. One man can
treat a head thoroughly in one or
tre.u a
^he following from Entomolo
fcP st °f the Department of Agri
^culture at Washington to Mr.
C- Heinze of Pavette, will be of
two minutes. The expense in
cluding labor will fall below one
half cent per plant.
C. P. Fox, Director Agricultur
al Station Moscaw 7 , Idaho.
6 ^ «)
The Young: San Jose Scale Hibernates.
interest.
United States Department of
Agriculture division of entomo
logy Washington D. C., April f 5
1897.
Mr. C. Heinze,
Payette, Idaho.
Dear sir:
The apple twigs accompanying
your letter of April 9th are
quite badly infested by the San
Jose scale. At least one half or
two th irds of the young scales
are alive and healthy. The old
scales were all de. id. This is
about the situation in which you
will find all infested trees at this
time of the year. The old scales
have done their work and lived
their lives and the young
ones
hibernate and start anew brood
early in the spring.
Yours very truly,
L. O. Howard,
Entomologist.
. u u ,
,UB _
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Moscow, Idaho, May 1, 1897
Gem State Rural:
I send you by this mail a copy
of bulletin no. 116 of the New
Jersey experiment station relating
to the San Jose scale. Mr. Smith,
the author of this bulletin, made
! a special trip to California last,
.
summer to investigate the scale
in that state, and has given in
another publication a very full
account of the present condition
of things there,
As you will very likely receive
some inquiry regarding the use
fulness of ladybugs or ladybirds
as they are also called, in destroy
^ ^ j ^ ^ ^ a
little synopsis of the conclusions
that he came to after traveling
through all the principal fruit sec
tions of California, and making
the most thorough investigation
that has yet been made on the
subject.
He found that in southern
California this scale has been de
creasing in number since 1889,
land for several years past has not
been regarded as a verv serious