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He leaves the City of San Francisco only once in the course of his article, and that is to discuss the question of the Los Angeles Times, the property of Harrison Gray Otis, who was a political brigadier general in the war against the Filipinos, and is no earth ly relation to the distinguished Mas sachusetts Federalist whose name he hears. Otis is engaged in fighting the Typographical Union, in the face of the fact that a contract with this con servative and intelligent organization has be^n found beneficial after years of practice by every other journal in the country with two possible excep^ tions. After reciting the means, taken by th(.' union to bring the office"1 of the paper up to the standard of its re quirements Mr. Raker says of the printers' organization: "It has reques ted Mr. Hearst, owner of the New York Jorunal, to establish a paper in Los Angeles to fight the Times, and It has guaranteed 10,000 subscribers at the start. Thin newspaper was sched uled to begin publication in December, 1903." It may be added that this paper, the Los Angeles Examiner, is in the full flood of prosperous operation, hav ing been successful from the start. "In 1901 San Francisco suffered the greatest strike and lockout in its his tory," writes Mr. Baker, in explana tion of the cause which have led up to the triumph of organized labor in that city. "They will tell you that the trouble resulted from certain demands of the porters and packers and of the teamsters but these disturbances, though they filled the whole horizon at the time, were the mere incidental birth-plans of the industrial readjust ment common to every part of the country. A tremendous wave of en richment and prosperity was advanc ing. Money had poured into San Fran cisco durin gthe Spanish war, trade with the Orient had quadrupled, dis coveries of fuel, oil and the utilization of the water falls of the Sierra had cheapened power and stimulated in dustry. As if by magic, the city be gan to build and grow, ever demand ing an increasing supply of labor, and labor, owing to the distance and isola tion of San Francisco from other in dustrial centers, did not respond read ily to emergency calls. Given impetus by these conditions, led by able men, and having an unusually high class of workingmen, largely pure American, to deal with, the unions rapidly gained power and confidence, and, as usual in such cases, began to demand a greater share in the prevailing prosperity. "And," he continues, "it was a dif ferent sort of unionism than (sic) that which existed a few years ago. No one who has watched the recent progress of labor organization can fail to be im pressed with the changing character of its management and methods. A union is no more a mere striking mob, clam oring for something to eat. It is learn ing business. It has gone to school in Wall street: and the sooner we rec ognize the fact that the union is a cold business proposition, often man aged by men not only of intelligence force, but of notable business acumen, the better for the country." Current Literature on Labor. Comment by Wallace Rice, Ray Stannard Baker has been in vestigating the condition of affairs in San Francisco, where a member of a la'bor union, Eugene E. Schmitz, has recently been re-elected Mayor, and the result appears in an article in Mc Clure's Magazine for February under the title, "A Corner in Labor: What Is Happening in San Francisco, Where Unionism Holds Undisputed Sway." It is well to preface any considera tion of the article by saying that Mr. Baker, who is well known in Chicago, is as fair and impartial an observer, as any man of his training and sympa thies could possibly be expected to be. He is an. American of .old descent, a college graduate with a partial train ing in law, and a man whose natural talents have made success easy for him In his chosen field but he has never known the enlightening influences of want nor the fear of penury and its miseries, and, with the best intentions in the world, his leanings are always toward the- distinctly marked class in American economical society to which he belongs by birth, breeding, school ing and association—and that is not the class to which those who labor with their hands are admitted. Of the fighting on the part of the organized Employers' Association Mr. Baker observes that "there is a kind of fighting that leaves the enemy strong er that was the method of the Sau Francisco Employers' Association. It was an example of how not to combat unionism. The police had been injudi ciously used, and the stand of the em ployers had been too sweepingly against the Yery principle of unionism, so that when the strike was over the •unions found public sentiment strongly in their favor." Mr. Baker quotes some statistics to show that with the wages of labor raised by victory to the highest point in the United States the cost of living is cheaper in San Francisco than in any other city of the country. But it is the question of food only that he touches upon, and from his article it self it is apparent that both clothing and housing must have had their cost increased. It is noted that one cloak manufacturer closed his establishment, "htrowing 200 workers permanently out of employment." In the political economies accepted in our universities it will be remembered that from the employers' point of view such read justments were by no means a serious matter and to be taken as a real evi dence of progress. He notes that "during the strike of 1901 every paper in San Francisco was absolutely silent editorially—except Mr. Hearst's Examiner, which favored the strikes." It. is not^only the metropolis of the Pacific Coast that gains have been made. The entire state has been ben efited so far as its workmen are con cerned. "The unions," says Mr. Ba ker, "have definitely decided the eight hour question in California, not by securing the passage of any uncertain and repealable law, but by getting an amendment to the State Constitution, and a provision in thfr city charter limiting the employment of all public service workmen to eight hours, and in the city fixing a minimum wage of $2. They have succeeded also in secur ing other important legislation." In conclusion Mr. Baker ends his. ,* most instructive account of the union victory, which in his opinion has been attended by misdeeds on the part of union officials in specific instances, by stating: "We cannot blame the un ions for getting all they can the trusts have showed them how. Nor can we blame them even., for forming a party and voting. They see the railroad cor porations and similar combinations getting class representation in our Legislatures and even higher up in our Congress by bribery and purchase why should not the union men vote for what they want? It is at least honest. If we allow. trusts to own legislations and city governments we must not complain if the unions elect them. And if we admit the right of the Stand ard Oil Company or a trust to form a monopoly on the side of capital, we must admit the right of the union to secure the 'closed shop' if it can." BOOKS ON SLUMS. Americans abroad frequently visit the poorer quarters bf the greit Europ ean capitals, see the squalor and mis ery of portions of London, Paris, Ber lin and Vienna, and reutrn to. their own country praising God that. Amer ica, at least, is not as these other na tions are. They never dream of similar or worse conditions in the great centers of population in, the United States, and not being aware of the fact, they take no such measures as the public safety requires in order that these menaces to public health and safety may be stamped out. Yet, as long as these plague spots of life and morals exist, they threaten every child in the na tion, to whom the possibility of sink ing down to their level is a possibility. It is to the interests of every citizen of this country that the conditions which make such centers of contamin ation possible shall be removed. In many instances, such as that of New York, a wise law strictly enforced may result in better housing for the poor and helpless, and that without extra cost to depleted purses—indeed, often American people have to awaken to the fact that there are American slums to be removed. This is being done to a remarkable degree by recent books and magazine articles, which deserve every encouragement and should be secured the widest reading. In "The World To-Day" of February ftev. George C. Lorimer has an article on "Christian Service in City Slums," dealing with conditions in London and illustrated by reproduced photographs from Jack London's recently published "'People of the Abyss." This follows one on similar conditions in New York, in the December number, and here is opened up a field for the activity of kindly minded people almost "without limit. Dr. Dorimer finds that there are in the borough of Manhattan 200, 000 and in that of Brooklyn 125,000 rooms used by the poor which are ab solutely without light or ventilation, "where want, vice and misery herd to gether in sunless rooms, in unsanitary tenements, and in hallways and door ways reeking with filth and where tuberculosis finds congenial soil." The article is illustrated, and it is to be hoped, the series will come to include the worst of Chicago's sins against the poor in this respect—the sin usually of the rich property owner against his poorer brother. Yet nothing can persu ade like actual seeing, and a drive into the districts where men and women and children, are starving and freez ing to death in the bitter winter weath er will do more to awaken sympathies than all the articles in the world. A BOOK ON CHILD LIFE.) A book just published by the Fleming H. Revell Company under the editor ship of the late Rev. Dr. H. Clay Trumbull is called "Child Life in Many Lands," and has two most instructive chapters for this purpose, one by Miss Margaret Monaghan Gibbons on "Child Life Among Our Immigrants," and the other, hy Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth, ond "Child Life in the Slums." The former of the two calls attention to the fact that there is great destitution outside of the cities, taking up the ex istence of some coal miners in the coal regions. But the unconscious irony in sending missionaires to reform an juvenate the heathen in foreign parts is brought out by Mrs. Booth without intention, as follows: "Some time ago I wrote an article on 'Child Life in the Slums.' It was circulated verey generally throughout this country and was afterward copied and sent out to other parts of the world In my mail,, one morning not long ago, I found a letter from India, telling me how the article had been read away off in that Eastern land. The missionary who sent me the tid ing had herself read it aloud to the class of Hindoos among whom she la bored and their hearts were so touch ed by the story of suffering and sor row that they subscribed and sent me $12 for our work among the outcast babies in this Christian land." Mrs. Booth gathers instances from New York, Philadelphia and other Am erican cities, enough to wring the heart and fill the eye with tears. When it is necessary to go to poor, old, half starved Hindoostan to get money to relieve starving American babies there should be less talk about univer sal prosperity—and something done to make the dream really true! "OPEN SHOP' ARGUMENTS. So little is known of the policy of the trades union In regard to the "closed shop" that some of the arguments used used in the final report of the United States Industrial Commission, an of ficial body appointed by and acting under an act of Congress, deserve to be quoted. It is a plea for fair play, in part as follows: "The maintenance of the union organ ization, through which the wage is up held, costs time and trouble and mo ney. More important than anything else, it involves for those who are active in it the peril of the displeasure of their livlihood. If the "nonunion m^n secures a rate of wages" above what he could get if the union did not exist the members of the union feel that he has made a gain directly at their ex pense. They have spwn and he has reaped. It seems to them to be requir ed "by fairness that he share with them the burden of maintaining the conditions of which he reaps" the ben enfit of the following of the Foraster enift. If he ^s not willing to share ft -TV* -u I'- 3®CN a' Hr, QPEN EVENINGS DURING THIS SALE. What patriotic American can dis agree with this ideal—the betterment of mankind? RAILROAD LABOR Negotiations for an amalgamation of the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen and the International association of Car Workers have come to an end at Indianapolis, Ind. President F. L. Ronemis, of the carmen, said his or ganization refused to agree for the consolidated organization to admit negroes into it without first submit ting the question to a referendum vote of the carmen. President A. C. Wharton, of the In ternational Machinists' union voicing the demand of 2,500 men employed by the Missouri Pacific and St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railway companies, has asked these roads to in crease the wage scale of their ma chinists. Of the $676,023,529 wages paid by rail ways of the United States, 2 per cent, goes to general officers, 15 per cent, to other officers and 83 per cent, to the other employes. "THE WORTH-WESTERN" LINE." HOME-SEEKERS' EXCURSIONS. On the first and third Tuesdays of February, March and April, "The North-Western Line" will sell special "Home-seekers'" tickets to points in Western, South-western, Southern and South-eastern states, at one fare plus $2.00 for the round trip. Tickets lim ited to 21 days from date of sale. For full particulars,. call at City Ticket Office, or address City Ticket Agent, 405 West Superior street, Du luth, Minn. Try S. I. Levin's XXX Columbian 1492 rye. It Is the very best that can be had for family and medicinal pur poses. At the eld £tand. 501 West Su perior street. 3 aw r* ry re --.rtifl 25 Sales People to Do Your Bidding. Boy a' Suits, worth from $5 to $7.50, damaged by smoke, —,go at—eaoh Boys' Knee Panto, worth —go at th£ "burden it 'seems to thena only just that he should be excluded from the gain. "If, on the other hand, nonunion men, as efficient as the members of the un ion, compete for employment by cut ting under the union rates, there is a great weakening of the collective bar gaining. The employer will prefer the nonunion man to the union man be cause he is cheaper. Those who are in the union will be tempted to leave it, because their chances of employment will be greater outside than in. The final result of the process, if permitted to work itself out freeliy, will be, it is declared, the destruction of the organ ization itself. "The intelligent and conscientious unionist accepts this argument the more ready because he looks beyond his own personal interests to the 'in terests of his trade and of the whole working class. The elevation first of his immediate fellow workmen and after ward of all wage-earners, is the ideal which he sets before him. He believes that no other change, no increase of scientific knowledge, no ennoblement of art, no multiplication of material wealth, can be compared to this in its importance to the social body." FOREIGN LABOR Subscribe fof the ".Labor World. .$3.00^ work, and^eitiergericyv contingencies. The canges- In rates of British wages reported during November affected 153,600 workpeople, of whom 1,100 re ceived advances and 152,500 sustained decreases. The net effect of all the changes was a decrease of £6,800 per week. The changes of the previous month affected 12J000 work people, the net result being a decrease of about £200 per week. During November, 1902, the number affected was 247,300, and the net result was an increase of nearly £7,900 weekly. British labor unions are making ef iirts to abolish the strike and to sub stitute some form of arbitration. The strike is to be no more than a last resort, never used except when every thing else fails. Labor is now supreme in New South Wales. No employer or employe is al lowed to appear in court in a labor case unless he belongs to a registered industrial union. It is illegal to em ploy free labor when union labor is available. When Parry hears this he will issue another proclamation. The industrial agreement between the Nelson (New Zealand) Painters' union and the employers provides for a mini mum wage of 31 cents per hour and a 44-hour week. Australia, after an experience of years, is convinced that the prohibition of Chinese labor is imperative in Brit ish communities expecting to enjoy responsible self-government. The yearly income of labor unions in Great Britain is nearly $10,000,000, and they have in their treasuries the sum of $18,330,000. Although New England manufactur ing companies are not in the cotton market for raw material in large amounts at present quotations, no big corporation has entirely shut down its mills, in many mills there is some idle machinery, and towards spring it Is expected many more spindles will have to be stopped: Weekly wages in the textile trade in England average from $6.50 to $9 per week in France,.$3 and $3.50. Eng lish hours- are 54 to 56 French over 60. The strike of the textile workers in Saxony countinues. It originated, in the refusal of the employers to grant a ten-hour day fastead of elevn hours. The Russian law providing compul sory compensation for factory employes and miners in case and "miners in case of all accidents, one of the most im portant measures of the present reign, has become efefctive. In the event of death, an annuity Is payable, not only to widows and legitimate children, but to illigitimate children and to the mothers, of such children, and also to adopted .children, the annuity to equal the wages of two 1 hundred and sixty days per annum, whereas the- average number of working days*-"is.,only two hundred and twenty. Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent, of railway employes 1 nthe United Kingdom get more than $14.60 a week Six hundred registered trade unions in the United Kingdom are computed to have on hand something over $22, 000,000, for ^death, sick, benefit, oiit oil $1.00 Monaroh White and Fancy Shirts Men's $3.50, $3.00 and $2.50 Hats— OO Men's $3.00, $2.50 and $2.00 Shoes—1 Men's Night Shirts, worth $1.00—- Men's Night Shirts, worth $1.50— Men's Working Shirts, worth 75c— dmJSC Men's Silk Mufflers, worth $1.00— Men's Fancy Stiff Shirts, worth $1.00— Men's Negligee Shirts, worth $1.00— Corns and THE HUB CLOTHING STORE 107 WEST SUPERIOR STREET. Machines Nearly all makes and kinds, FROM $5.00 UP. on ealy monthly payments. Wes rent and repair machines also sell needles, oil or anything wanted for any machine, at White Sewing Ma chine store, 120 WEST SUPERIOR STREET, .pext to Suffers. Both telephones. O C. SWANNELL, MERCHANT TAILOR. CLEANING AND REPAIRING. 19 Fifth Ave. W., Duluth, Minn. Phoenix Segar Co. Manufacturers of Duluth Board of Trade Cigars —have removed to more commodious quarters in the Metropolitan Block— 115 West Superior Street. ARTHUR J. HARKER, Sanitary Plumbing. Gas Fitting, Hot Water and Steam Heating. No. 407 EAST FOURTH STREET. Duluth and Zenith Phone*. BE YOUR OWN BOSS! MANY MAKE *2,000 A YEAR. You have the same chance. Start a Mail-Order Business at home. I tell you how. Money coming in daily. Enormous profits. Everything fur nished. Write at once for my "Star ter" and free particulars.. Address L. BURGMASTER. 28 Central Bank Blda.. Chieaao. Dr. E.%D. Strech, Offlcet Axa Building, 221-323 West Superior Street. (Over liundberg & Stone's.) 6Office Telephone, Zenith' 519. 'Residence Telephone, Bell 641 L. DULUTH. MINN. This Paper and tiie Weekly Wisconsin. We have perfected clubbing arrangements whereby we can now offer both this paper and the Weikljr Wisconsin for the low price of a year. 1*he Weekly Wisconsin Is a ijunily newspaper unexcelled in reputation. atteittian ixdevoted to the local twif« d? lie northwest. Its woman's pug) dt m&tor aver# maskis worth tfa» cdptf AND WATER SALE MEN AND B0VS.. A $60,000 stock of the best clothing in the world to be closed out in a few days. Cost cuts no figure-—the insurance companies stand the loss and our patrons can dress up for the smallest amount of money they have ever expended. Be with the crowds here today while the stecks are complete. 39c Men's Handkerchiefs, worth 25c— fOG see Wo have bunched in one largo box Odds and Ends—Shirts9 Underwear, Eto. Goods worth up to StmSO each—damaged by smoke. First oome gets best picking—alt go at Boys' Waists worth 50b and 25c— Loans and Discounts $1,022,800.42 Overdrafts 108.58 U. S. Bonds 200,000.00 Premiums on U. S. Bonds.. 14,575.00 Furniture and Fixtures.... 6.000.00 Cash on hand, in Banks and with U. S. Treasurer 391,299.05 Total .$1,633,783.05 8-l«WUt 8 SEYVtD- PATRONIZE HOME INDUSTRY. SMOKE CIGARS. MORAIit By patronizing home in dustry you help thoae who help you. Phoenix Segar Co., Makers. DULUTH. DuSiifh Candy Co. Manufacturing Confectioners. Ask fo^ Ala«eda.Chocolates. Men's 25c and 50c Gloves and Mitts— fOG Men's 35c Four-in-Hand Ti.es— Men's 25c String Ties— Men's $1.00 and $1.50 Ties— Men's 75c Ties— Men's Underwear, worth $1.00— Men's Sweaters, worth $1.00— Boys' Overalls, worth 25c— for yourself. The finest that money can produce. AH go at less than cost to manufacture the cloth. Duluth Saving's BanK, No. 216 West Superior Street. Pays 3% interest TRANSACTS A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS. You'll find this a convenient and satisfactory bank to do business with. COMMENCED BUSINESS DECEMBER 15th, 1003. CONDITION OF THE CITY NATIONAL BANK OF DULUTH, MINN. AT CLOSE OF BUSINESS, SEPT. 9th, 1903. RESOURCES. 25c HO GOODS CHAINED OR ON APPROVAL. Capital Stock Paid ln....$ 500,000.00 Undivided Profits 2},063.12 Circulation 200,000.00 Deposits '..... 912,729.93 Total $1,633,783.05 J. H. UPHAM, President. We Prolong Life and ensure comfort in shoes by our new method of repairing. OLD SHOES actually transforming into new ones. The Gopher It1 10c 39c Men's 25c Cotton Hose— at OC MEN'S SWTS AMD OVERCOATS. 13c oats 4 4 LIABILITIES. Shoe Rap.Work«, No. 8 1st Ave. W., HUNTER BLK. Zenith Phone 619 JT. TURNBLADH. Prop. Orlai Clyde Collet, C. E., LL. 1 tJtm* X. COUNSELLOR AT LAW U. S. SUPREME COURT. REGISTERED ATTORNEY U. S. PATENT OFFICE. U. S. and Foreign Patents. Caveats., Trade Marks and Copyrights. MILITARY AND NAVAL INTEN TIONS A SPECIALTY. Address Box 284, STATION G., WASHINGTON, D. C. Gun Shop and Model Sbop. WARREN WHITE, Salplrar Springs, Totte* Postofflee. A emgMnstetd yon F^SUppOSttM! 1), Graded Sebdoli, Statwrllte, H. C., writes: "l agiL,'SiM: -Ouj •nrj?" ctaln tor iM.« Sr. 8. K. BcvS I ^T?11 'J,se7^ 1 fttttoa." Dr. H. D. XoGiU, CUrkibara, Ycu., *|M: ot I «nrf •«'riiam Bold In Dulntlt br 8. F. Boyci. for tram umnli. *1.00 secures "The &abor World'.' tor