The labor world. [volume], July 01, 1905, Image 2

About The labor world. [volume] (Duluth, Minn.) 1896-current

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KASSMIR FrajfMiNah
iii,.M.aeip
DREAMER MAZZINI
CENTENNIAL TODAY
Friend .of Man, Honored After
Death, Was Persecuted at
His Great Work—Sketch of
His Career, and What He
Accomplished For Humanity
Henry Barret Chamberlain in the Sun
"day Chicago Record-Herald:
One hundred years ago next Thurs­
day there was born in Genoa, Italy, a
prophet of humanity whose life was de­
voted to a single purpose—the unifica­
tion of his native land. His centenary
will be celebrated throughout Italy and
in many European cities, and this -de­
spite or because of the fact that for
years he was exiled from all countries,
save Great Britain, and even there the
liberty granted to others was curtailed
to him, his private correspondence be­
ing opened and read by government au­
thority. In life a homeless wanderer,
betrayed by friends, reproached by
those whom he had served and trusted,
reviled and rejected, his passing
brought forth Evidences of a late belief
in his sincerity and recognition of the
work he had done in arousing the spirit
of nationality in Italian hearts. Eighty
thousand mourners followed his body
to the grave.
Joseph Mazzini was born the Stra
da Lonollini, Genoa, June 22, 1805. His
father, Giacome Mazzini, was a distin­
guished physician and professor of an­
atomy in the university of that town.
His mother, Maria Drago, was a wo­
man
of
great personal beauty, vigorous
intellect and deep affection. She was
the one person who throughout his life
never failed him. When his father,
hoping to turn him from the dangerous
course which he had marked out for
himself as a revolutionist, espousing
the cause of the people against the
kings, refused to help him, she, through
pitiful self-denials ennobled by the mo­
tive, saved money to send to her ex­
iled son.
As a child, Joseph was delicate and
fragile—so delicate that he was almost
six years old before he could walk. De­
nied the ordinary amusements of child­
hood, his mind was precociously alert
and it is told of him that he could read
before he could walk. From the first
his was an intensely sympathetic na­
ture, early evincing interest in the un­
fortunate. The first time that his moth­
er took him out with her the child was
transfixed by the sight of an old beg­
gar seated upon the steps of a church.
The mother, fearing he was frightened,
stopped to carry him. He broke from
her and, running forward, threw his
arms around the man's neck, crying
out, "Give him something, mother, give
him something." The beggar, returning
the child's. caresses, said to his moth­
er, "Love him well, lady he is one who
will love the people." The life of Jo­
seph Mazzini bore out the prophecy.
First of his tutors was an old priest,
who taught him little but Latin. His
love for books, however, took the place
of many teachers. He often spoke of
the eagerness with which he read phil­
osophical and political pamphlets which
he had found hidden among the medi­
cal books Of his father's library. At 13
he was sent to the' University of.
Genoar where"'ifte /fei^&ixied^'fpr- a- tirtie.'
but renounced his father's' profession
for the study of law. During this peri­
od at the university the Pledmontese
insurrection of 1821 occurred. Many of
the defeated evolutionists fled to
Genoa. One of them appealed to Maz­
zini for help. From that day his life
was governed by the Idea that it was
his duty to struggle for the liberty of
hit country.
At'that time Italy was Indeed a mere
geographical expression. Broken into
seven petty principalities, despotically
governed by masters who were in close
alliance with the Emperor of Austria,
who encouraged them to keep their
subjects from exerting political power,
there was no Italian nation. The peo­
ple were Lombards, Romans, Piedmon
tese, Neapolitans, S-ardindans—not Ital­
ians. There was no common center, no
common flag nor law. Divided and
helpless, the people were dissatisfied
and unhappy, but having no common
aim or organization, their attempts to
better their condition, often resulting
in insurrections like that of 1821 in
Piedmont, proved futile.
Among the secret societies organized
to overthrow tyranny of rule and es­
tablish democratic government was the
Carbonari. Mazinni joined this society,
but did not admire its complex ma­
chinery and felt that an association
with a more definite aim was needed.
He had taken bis degree and was ad­
mitted to practice as an advocate, but
the fact of his membership in the Car­
bonari having been betrayed, he was
imprisoned in the fortress of Savona.
His father, eager to know of what
crime- his son was accused, was told
that "he was a young man of talent,
very fond of solitary walks by night,
and habitually silent as to the subject
of his meditations, and that the gov­
ernment was not fond of young men
of talent the subject of whose musings
was unknown to It"
From this Imprisonment dated Maz
zini's republican apostolate. for here in
his cell he conceived the Idea of the as­
sociation, "Young Italy," which had for
its object the unification of the king­
doms, principalities and dukedoms along
the peninsula. To arouse the spirit of
nationality which would give birth to a
united Italy was to be its work. Rienzi,
tribune of Rome, had dreamed this as
far back as the fourteenth century.
Napoleon, when a prisoner at St. Hel­
ena, had understood its necessity when
he said: "Italy Is a single nation her
unity of manners, of language and of
literature ought, at a period more pr
less remote, to unite IMHT inhabitants
under one government:" But it was left
to Mazzini to form the association
which, more than any other, brought
about its realization.
Released from prison, but restricted
as to movement, he left the country
and went to Marseilles, where there
were many other refugees. With these
he began the association which was or­
ganized in a very simple manner, Its
first object being the education of thte
people. A Journal was established at
Marseilles and' through it the exiled
members of the association developed
their ideas on the prospects of Italy.
By actively organizing relations in
Italy, where communications were fre­
quent, pamphlets were smuggled
throughout the country, ana the asso­
ciation, at first composed of unknown
exiles, spread rapidly. Writing of. It
In later years Masslnl said: "Our force
could only proceed from the-.truth. All
great national .enterprises have been
initiated by men unknown and of the
I people Ithotit power except that of
ft*
S
EOTW-i'T*1
OHtD.
JOSEPH MAZZINI.
faith and the will which regards neith­
er time nor obstacles. The influential,
the men of name, and means, come in
afterward to invigorate the movement
created by these first, and. too often to
mislead it from its aim."
The success of the new organization
was so great that it led to persecution.
France, eager to keep on politic"' terms
with the rulers of Italy, issued a gov­
ernmental decree expelling Mazzini.
He, concealing himself from the police,
remained in Marseilles strengthening
the association until in 1833 it was
strong enough to think seriously of
action, and a revolution in Piedmont
was planned. Everything seemed pro­
pitious, but an accident overthrew all.
A second attempt failling through the
youthful inexperience of the leaders,
was made memorable by the fact that
Garibaldi was a recruit arid first met
Mazzini. Disappointed, but not dis­
couraged, Mazzini went' to Switzerland,
where another expedition was planned,
only to be betrayed by the military
leader, Ramorine. Disheartened by fail­
ure and poverty, "the young party be­
gan to weaken, but. Mazzini shewed his
faith in organization and association by
founding "Young Europe" at Berne
three days after the failure,of an in­
surrection at Lyons.? His Marseilles ex­
perience was Repeated in Berne, and. he
was expelled, going to London in 1837.
In the English: capital Mazzini aup
ported himself by Writing articles con­
cerning the Italian question. Written
at first either in Italian or French, they
were translated for him by friends,
and appeared in the various. §yl$,w s.
Moved to compassion by the 'abject!
condition of the pool Italians of Lon­
don, most of ttfem eitlier orga'n grinders
or hawkers =of plaster .c?st3, he fmindgfl
a free elemehtary^flfeSofei liftP l#dr*
seven years, while never remitting his
exertions as head of the revolutionary
party of Italy, he gave-it constant* and
patient attention His work for the re­
views extended his acquaintance with
literary people, many of whom, visited
the school. Among these was Margaret
Fuller. William Lloyd Garrison also
met him at thl9 time.
In 1844 the Italian question, as em­
bodied in Mazzini ,was forced upon the
attention of the English people. The
awakening of English thought was due
to the action of the English govern­
ment, when, violating the simplest duty
of hospitality, Its agents broke the seals
of Mazzinl's letters, repealed them, to
keep him In ignorance of their' being
opened, and then forwarded informa­
tion to Austria. The story of the two
brothers Bandiers, Italian officers in
the Austrian army, betrayed to death
through this action of English states­
men, filled England with indignation.
A parliamentary inquiry was Instituted
and the word "Grahaming," coined from
the name of the home secretary. Sir
James Graham, on whose warrant the
letters were opened passed Into the
language as descriptive of the dis­
graceful practice. Thomas Carlyle
wrote a vigorous letter to the Times
defending Mazzini and condemning the
action as disgraceful to England.
In 1848 for a brief period Mazzini
tasted the sweets of success. Waves
of revolution which he had stimulated
swept over Italy and called him back
to his native* land after an absence of
seventeen years. Garibaldi wa3 fight­
ing with him. For a brief moment h«
saw realized his dream of a Roman
republic and was made one of the
triumvirs. But the revolution finished
tragically and in 1849 he returned to
England.
For years his dream had been a uni­
fied Italy and a republican form of
government. The first he saw achieved
in 1870, when Victor Emanuel as king
of Italy entered Rome, but was doomed
to disappointment in the latter. An
uncompromising enthusiast, he lacked
the farsightedness of the practical
statesman. This was supplied by Ca
vour, minister of Viator Emmanuel,
who, during the years that Mazzini was
preparing Italy to take her place among
the nations, watched and waited for the
time when the fruits of his sowing were
ripe for harvesting. Then as Mazzini
had foreseen, Cavour, the man of name
and means, came in to' invigorate, the
movement born of a dream
Garibaldi, peasant and soldier Ca­
vour, aristocrat and diplomat, have
gone into history as the men who ac­
complished the practical regeneration
of Italy. But it was the tireless, un­
selfish devotion of Maszinl that mad,e
W# Guarantee Our Work.
Johnson Kfakt Dontlsts.
Both" Phones
MssabaBllc, 409 W. Supirter 81
4 yr1 t*
their work possible. During forty years
he
defied
the constituted powers of Bur-
ope, preparing the way of a new era.
Neither honor nor praise was bestowed
upon hiiii in his lifetime. Twice sen­
tence of death was passed upon him.
Even his friends, among whom were
Garibaldi, re'garded him as a Utopian
and theorist, calling his various pro­
jects "wild Maaslnian dreams."/ Today
the people know that without him Italy
could not have been.
To the last he was an uncompromis­
ing advocate of republican rule and re­
fused to take the oath of allegiance to
the new king. In 1870 he was arrested,
charged with conspiracy to found a
Sicilian republic, but was released and
after a short period in England went
to'Lugano to publish a paper. He died
March 10, 1872, under an assumed name
at the house of a friend at Pisa, and
was buried in the Campo Santo at
Genoa, where a statue has been erected
to his memory.
Joseph Mazzini was dreamer,
PLAGUE STRICKEN
TOWN ISOLATED
PANAMA, June 27.—There have
ben no new developments in the case
of bubonic plague at LaBoca against
which a strict quarantine is enforced.
A cordon of canal zone police pre­
vents all communication with LaBo­
ca.
GETS TEN YEARS
FOB MANSLAUGHTER
HELENA, Mont., June 27.—Jas. «.
Keerl, a prominent Helena civil engin­
eer, who was convicted of man­
slaughter for killing Thomas Crystal,
a bartender in Helena, three years ago
was today sentenced to the peneten
tiary for ten years by Judge Leslie.
The case has been in the courts for
three years.
MINNESOTA BEACHES
NAGASAKI, JAPAN
NAGASAKI, Japan, June 27.—The
Great Northern Steamship company's
steamer Minnesota has arrived at this
port with her stern post cracked. Tem­
porary repairs will be effected here, re­
quiring ten days' time. The vessel
which comes from Hong Kong and
Shanghai then will resume her voyaze
to Seattle via Tokohama.
SNOW SREDS BURNED.
GUNNISON, Col., June 27.—The snow
sheds and buildings oh Marshall Pass
belonging to the Denver & Rio Grande
railroad have been destroyed by a lire,
entailing a loss of many thousands of
dollars and a suspension of traffic for
several hours. About a mile of sheds
were completely destroyed.
UaPUmCAM WINS.
^uhe' ®J.—OontefctWd1election
^.egftnVolvingthe
hey an4 police magistrate 'were con­
cluded today. R» J. Sarr, Republican,
was' declared sleeted mayor by 119
votes over "William C. Crollus, Demo­
cratic candidate, who Inaugurated the
contest. The other officers also re­
mained unchanged.
QUESTION AMERICAN BONDS.
From the Kansas City Journal:
Queen Christina of Spain, who in­
herited an immense private fortune
from her uncle, the late Archduke Al­
bert of Austria, has for a number of
years held some $3,000,000 worth of
United States bonds and retained pos­
session thereof, even throughout the
war of Spain with this country. They
are deposited, with the remainedr of
her holdings of one kind or another, in
the Bank of England.
Ia the Fourth.
From the Taylor's Falls Journal:
Announcement of the candidacy of
Hiler Horton of St. Paul for congress­
man from this district opens the game
for others, and the list of probable can­
didates is a long one, Including the
present representative, and many who
have tried for years to crowd him out.
Dar Reese evidently has a mortgage
on Chisago oounty In such a contest
if he wants to claim what is due him.
Charlie Rose's Task.
From the Blue Earth Post:
On Flag Day—last Wednesday—the
•the old battle flags of the Minnesota
regiments were removed from the* old
to the new capitol. The removal was
attended by fitting ceremonies. We are
pleased to note that Sergeant Charles
A. Rose carried the tattered old flag
of tjie gallant Fifth Minnesota. This
is the same flag that, during the awful
charge at Nashville, Charley Rose took
from the hands of the mortally wound­
ed Color Sergeant Underwood and,
leading the line placed It upon ,the rebel
works, fOr which gallant deed he was
by General Hubbard awarded the honor
of carrying the regimental colors till
the regiment was mustered out of the
service at the close of the war.
Practical Charity.
From the Anoka Union:'
The Bilks of Minnesota up at Duluth
the other day, In a voluntary contrib­
ution raised $22.04 and presented it to
the new Children's Home there. Prac­
tical charity.
Good to Both.
From the Brainerd Tribune:
There continues to be some,insistence
that Mr. Roosevelt will be a nominee
for the presidency in 1908, despite his
declaration to the contrary, but It Is
not determined whether he will be the
Republican or Democratic candidate.
Southern Minnesota Anxious.
From the Winona Independent:
Towns in the northern' part of this
state are expected to show a decided
gain in population this year ,and it
is surmised that the gain is at the ex
pehse of the southern and central sec­
tions of the state. Don't neglect to
be counted.
From New York Wleekly:
friend: "Why didn't you ever mar­
ry?" Maiden Lady—"Because, by the
time my relations thought I was old
enough. to marry, the men thought
was too old."
CALLED THE TURN.
From the Chicago News:
The elderly maiden had recently in*
herlted a Mfcaere farm.
Later a young man from an adjoining
village appeared upon the scene.
•»Wlli you^e my wife?* he asked.
"J love you with mywhole heart."
"For the Wnd's sake!" exclaimed
giddy old girl.—Chicago News.
4
but
out of the fabric of his dream was
bullded a nation. He was impractical,
but his agitation gave freedom to a peo­
ple. The laurel which Was denied his
brow has been placed upon his grave,
and his name is now written among
those who have made the world better
because they lived.
When he was dead the Italian parlia­
ment, to which he had been elected, but
refused his seat because he would not
take an oath to a king, by a unani­
mous vote expressed the sorrow of the
people. The president of the body in
eloquent eulogy praised him as one who
had dedicated his life ungrudgingly to
the cause of his country's freedom.
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RUPTURE, DISCHARGES,
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KIDNEY AND URINARY DISEASES,
SMALL., WEAK ORGANS,
SEMINAL. EMISSIONS,
and all' associate diseases and weaknesses of
men, causing pain In kidneys, bladder, abdo­
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Office Hours 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
Sundays 10 a. m. to 1 p. m.
PROGRESSIVE
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
No. 1 W^st Superior Street.
Corner of Lake Avenue, Duluth. Minn.
NOTICE
TO
LABOR
UNIONS
ZenitH 'Phone
65
SMOKERS...
compounded with eare.
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If Yoo Wish a
DELICIOUS,
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1M WEST SUPERIOR STREET. DULtJTH. MINN.
OUR DRUGS ARE ALWAYS FRESH AND PURE
rtifi' r-jiifr"
The Longest Established,
Moat Successful and Re­
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Diplomas. Licenses and
Newspaper Records Will
Show.
LABOR WORLD HALLS
in the Manhattan Building are
now fully equipped and a few nights
are still open. This is the new labor
headquarters and should be patronized
liberally by organized labor.
Rent for large hall 15.00 per month.
Small halls $2.00 per month.
The following night are open:
Urge Halts
Every Saturday Night.
Every Sunday.
Small Ha list
Every Sunday.
First Tuesdays.
Every Wednesday.
First and Third Thursdays.
Every Saturday.
Make all inquires about the halls at
LABOR WORLD OFFXCK
206 Manhattan Bldg.
Bee that this label am»us on the fen
rem which TOO an served.
urnSE
MaBSHMHMmnMMi* ir-Jiir-
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PATRONIZE HOME INDUSTRY.
HOME MADE.
Dulath, ilinnesota.
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