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SlIBSCRIPriONr $1.00 A YEAR, IN ADVANCE. Vol. 12. No. 21. LIBOR LEASERS IRE OOINGJNORLD'S WORK They Are Neither Vampires Nor Parasites—But Earn est and True Workers. Their Efforts Bring for the Workingmen Many Im proved Conditions. Labor organizations are not formed for the purpose of dispossessing cap ital of its rightful possessions, or even o* that which it wrongfully holds, but are formed the interests of wage earners to secure for them better and more humane living conditions. Whenever the efforts of these or ganizations to secure what rightfully belong to labor through the adjust ment of grievous wrongs culminates in a strike which becomes important enough to become a public inconven ience, labor and its leaders are abus ively assailed by the irresponsible of the clergymen who have commercial ized their calling and subsidized judges barricaded with the monstrous power of injunctions. This but serves to excite and inflame that portion of wage earners already rendered des- T» (IgC vdi UC1 O VW/U perate by the cruel wrongs inflicted by capitalists, the scientific slave holders of our present era, and to more firmly impress upon the minds of the thoughtful and industrious the absolute necessity of organized strength. Labor leaders are neither vampires nor parasites, but able, conscientious and self-sacrificing men who removed their trappings and left their benches at the call of their fellow wage earn ers as being best fitted to direct the organized efforts of their union. They are strong in their convictions, backed by every moral right, and courageous to the point of almost any sccrifice in promoting the cause for which they labor, and when their work in this direction is finished they can again return to their benches and, taking their tools again, become producers of wealth by honest toil, the only way by which the worlds' store of wealth is added to and which a few capital ists so thoroughly know how to dis tribute. It is not strange that against these men, whose energy, zeal, singleness of purpose and unfaltering devotion to labor's cause more than to any thing else is due the gradual im provement gained for the toiling masses, should be directed the irrit able and prejudicial criticism of pride hound "Capitalists aTid-^their-gycqptraTi^ tic followeds. Labor unions and Tabor leaders are not sudden flashes whose leices wil be as sudenly spent. They are permanent fixtures, the logical re sult of capital's insatiate demands, here to remain until the future dis covers a more practical and speedier method of emancipating the great majority of mankind from wage slav ery. There is no power on earth to day strong enough to more than tem porarily disrupt organized labor. It never again can be effectually dis membered and rendered powerless, and every local defeat it may suffer makes it universally stronger. Every defeat is a compulsory educator teach in gthe wage earner the helplessness of his unorganized state. The merci less methods employed by capital during times of strike to gain victory are the professors of labor's cause an 3 do more to drive labor to organize than all of the printing presses and vocal organs in Christendom. The wage earner must organize. His productive power is already or ganized by capital for capital, and there is nothing left for him to or ganize but his opportunity, which he organizes in the form of labor unions. Why should not every man who works end is willing to work enjoy some rest and a trifle of happiness when the fruits of his labor give so much of both to others? Labors does not organize from choice. It organizes from necessity. It. has organized capital is a great economic institution, ihe product of progressive civilization, whose economic power if wielded in labor's cause would happily solve labor's problem. Organized labor with the organized ballot will yet yield this very power to ameliorate the con ditons of the masses. Labor will not then ask where and how it can get a living, but how best it can make that living happy.—Shoemakers' Journal. Mr. Union Man:—Notify your res taurant man that the Bell 'Phone is Unfair. C. E. JAMES BOOSTING SHOE WORKERS' LABEL C. E. James, of St. Paul, arrti a prominent member of the State Fed eration of Labor, came up from the Twin Cities Wednesday evening to boost the union label of the Boot and Shoe Workers' union in Duluth and Superior. Mr. James has been in Duluth sev eral times before, and he is meeting with much success in his advocacy of union made shoes. He visit's each union in the city and explains in de tail the character of union made shoes, and urges upon the members to ever purchase them when needing shoes. Mr. James also puts In a boost for organized labor in general, thus doing the entire cause real good. Mr. Union Man:—Notify your Cloth ier that the .Bell 'Phone is Unfair. Burke Is all Right. Jos. Burke of the Butchers' union is a hummer and a hustler when it comes to soliciting new members, puring the past six weeks he has brought 15 applications for member ship to the Butcher's union. T^e want about ten more union men like Jos. Burke. THE DIG CHICAGO FIRM SIGHS 0111 SCALE Robert 0. Law Co. Agrees to Eight Hour Day and Unioil Shop. Big Advance Made by Printers Union During the Past Week. The fight being made fcrr the eight hour day by the International Typo graphical union Is gaining ground every day in the struck shops in dif ferent cities in the United States.' Secretary-Treasurer Murphy of Du luth Typographical Union No. 136 re ceived notice from Chicago Typo graphical union Tuesday afternoon that the unfair firm of Robert O. Law Co. have signed the scale with No. 16 and put a full force of union men at work. The victory is clean cut and honorable, all the' strike breakers be ing discharged and union men placed to work. The union has been on strike against this firm for many months. The Robert O. Law Co. does the printing for the American Technical society, Cyclopedia of Engineering, Cyclopedia of Applied Electricity,' Cyclopedia of Modern Shop Practice, American School of Correspondence. These books are largely sold to trade unionists and the work done by the union members in sending in their protests against the publication of the books by this unfair firm in connec tion with the efforts made by the offi cers of Chicago Typographical union has had the desired effect and the firm is once more at peace with the International Typographical union. Word has also been received by the local secretary that E- F. Hamm, secretary of the Chicago Typothetae, has resigned from the employers' asso ciation to take charge as general man ager of Blakely's, a strictly union shop in all departments. And so the fight goes on with the striking printers winning everywhere. They have made a gallant struggle for the shorter workday and have stood loyally by their officers. Nothing succeeds like united efforts and the members of the great International Typographical union have given a lesson in this particular during the past year that might well be heeded by every labor organization. They have assessed themselves as no other organization have ever done and have most willingly and cheerfully made sacrifices ^a^Ji?®iy_ dejnand* eight-hour' day 'might prevail. The local union of this city is still at odds with a number of firms who have refused to sign for the eight hour day. Remember, unless the union label is on the printing you get, it is the work of an unfair office. Demand of your merchant that he has his printing done in a union office and help the local boys to clean up the city and make every printing establish ment here as it was previous to last October, a union office and paying the union scale of wages. *We owe this to Duluth printers who for the past year have had a hard fight to main tain their rights in the demand for for the eight hour day and the closed shop. A little help on the part of all will make the victory here com plete. Mr. Union Man:—Notify your retail liquor dealer that the Bell 'Phone is Unfair. HERE IS "OPEN SHOP." Some of the Delightful Things It Se cures for Both Master and Man. The open shop" means porterhouse steak for the employer and liver for the workman. The "open shop" means individual bargaining, so much desired by the op ponents of organized labor. The "open shop" stands for the un fettered employment of women and children. The "open shop" means that the em ployer s^all be the sole judge as to what your labor Is worth- The "open shop" gives the employer the privilege of being a member of an organiaztion intended to prevent the paymnt of better wages, but denies the laborer the right to be a member of a labor organiaztion. The "open shop" bars the possibility of a solid front on the part of the workers. The "open shop" declares that some can enjoy better conditions while oth ers can enjoy the benefits without cost. The "open shop" denies men the right to sell their labor under any con ditions they elect. The "open shop" declares there is no "living line"—no minimum—for the price at labor. The "open shop" declares it is legal for an individual to do an act that it is illegal for a collection of individuals to attempt. The "open shop" would place the so lution of factory sanitation and un guarded machinery in the hands of the employer. The "open shop" stands for every thing that will increase profits for the employer and decrease the Income of the employe. The "open shop" means that the em ployer will be the master and you will be the slave.—Quincy Labor News. Mr. Union Man:—Notify your groc er that the Bell 'Phone is unfair. The Prevailing Plea. "I want to get a divorce from my husband." The lawyer was interested. "What are your grounds?" he asked. "Insanity." "Was he crasy at, the time otMhe marriage?" "O. dear nor I wm* Time has Arrived when Deter mined Fight Should be Made to Compel the Street Railway Company to Yield to Demand of Poorer People. City Council is not Shorn of Power to Regulate Company— At Least it Would be Well to Test the Authority of the City Council in the Courts. The people of Duluth will never accomplish anything by indifference. In our last issue we published a fair statement of the street railway situa tion in this city- We attempted to show that the earnings of the Duluth Street Railway company were suffi cient to warrant a two and one half cent fare for five hours of the day. We RT. REV. JAS. M'GOLRICK, Leading and Original Advocate for Reduced Street Car Fares .for School Children. believe we have succeeded in proving our contention. A score of letters commending the position of the Labor World in this contest was received during the week from clergymen, school teachers and workingmen. We do not intend to let the fight stop with argument. We shall not rant on the subject, nor shall We en gage in tirades against the officers of the Street Railway company. This is to be a clean fight on principle and when the public conscience is thor oughly aroused we expect to force the hand of the company. The City Council of Duluth is not completely shorn 'of power, simply' be cause the street railway company is operating under a franchise from the State Legislature. The city enjoys cer tain privileges which can be enforced against an arbitrary company at will. Fight Must Not Cease. Some very well meaning friends are willing to let the contest drop until the franchise of the-company expires, but the life of the present franchise is indefinite. An attorney for the Street Railway company once intimated to us that it was their contention that the franchise was pereptual. All It is necessary for them to do is to re organize every little while and the franchise continues during the life of the re-organized company. If this contention is sustained the people of Duluth stand a poor chance of ever getting control of their streets now occupied by the railway company. But we are not obliged to wait un til the question of the life of the franchise is determined- We can act now. The City Council enjoys certain license powers. All that will be necessary is to pass an ordinance or ordinance regulating the price of fares on street railway lines operating in the City of Duluth. The company may be licensed for using the public streets with poles, wires and other obstruc- CITY Dim IS P1TEI11 ST. PIUL Non-Union Firm Unable to Get Out Work Satisfactorily. City Out of It. Directory Company Dependent Upon Duluth Business Inter ests for Support. Work on the Duluth city directory is being done in St. Paul. It has In previous years been all done In Du luth by the firm having the contract to publish it, and the money spent for this purpose has all stayed in Duluth. The reason for this work being sent out of the city is on account of the firm of J. J. Le Tourneau & Co. not making peace with the Duluth Typo graphical union. October 5 of last year the local union demanded of all the job printing establishments an eight-hour day tO take .effect on. J^n. i, 1906. With the,, expepfton of two* allrefused DEVOTED TO THE INDUSTRIAL WELFARE OF THE HEAD OF THE LAKES. DULUTH AND SUPERIOR, SATURDAY, SEPT. 29, 1906. HALF FARE FOR STREET CAR RIDE FOR FIVE HOURS EACH DAY SHOULD BE GRANTED TO ALL OF THE PEOPLE W ,S *•'*-!, A •k*. A A- ALDERMAN A. J. LYLE, Promoter of Bishop McGolrick's Re duced Street Car Fare Plan in City Council. tions, exclusive of the railway stracks. It would not do any harm to test this question in the courts. If the city can license a drayman or a hack driver and regulate the prices they are to charge we can see' no valid reason why a powerful street railway com pany should be exempt from such legislation. No Desire to Do Wrong. There is no desire to bankrupt the Street Railway company. We believe the reduced fare will increase its traffic sufficiently to make up for any loss sustained by a reduction. It is well known by all who have observed the tactics of the local company that it has been persistently obstinate when requested by the city to make certain improvements demanded by public necessity. Only last week in a four page writ ten letter it refused to build an ap proach for a station on the Seventh Avenue Jncline to cost not more than $100, and yet a petition signed by no less than one hundred people prompted the Council to ask for the station. More than a year ago a cross-town line was demanded by the Council, and it stubbornly opposed its con struction. It succeeded in bringing about a delay by influencing some n^Shty strong .Citizens to appear be fore the Council asking for the line to be built upon another avenue than the one demanded' by the Council. It put the City to thousands of dol lars of expense in the courts, for a period of several years, In forcing the West Third street extension to West Duluth, and it only built the line after the Supreme Court said that it must do so- Has Been Costly to City. It stubbornly resisted the public de mand for the Running of double truck cars to Woodland Park, and it was only after the most unpleasant fight that it yielded to public pressure. When the power house at the In cline was destroyed by fire in 1901, it compelled the hill side and Duluth Heights residents to walk for a period of eight months before it began to put the line in operation, find it did this only after it was compelled to do so by determined action on the part of the city. This one instance shows its total disregard for the comfort and convenience of the public. These are true bills against a com pany whose obstinance is only exceed ed by its disregard for the welfare of the traveling public. A hundred minor instances could be mentioned If space and interest would permit. It is No Child's Work. We can only judge the future course of the company by its record of the past. It will doggedly oppose any re duction in fares, and will only grant it when the courts say it must. So it can be seen that the task before us is no child's work. Nothing will be accomplished except by eternal activity. The time has arrived when the peo ple ought to know their rights in the premises. Let the matter be brought into the courts if necessary, and let us insist upon a strict and compre hensive decision so that our power will he well defined. If the street railway company could mand for the shorter workday. Since the strike was Inaugurated several of the shops have signed the eight hour agreement of the union and are run ning along all right with a good busi ness and union men employed in ac cordance with the rules and regula tions of the Typographical union. The firm of J. J. Le Tourneau & Co. has refused to sign for the eight hour workday and consequently has been forced to send work on the city di rectory to an outside city in order to get the book out. There is no just reason why this should be so. This work should be done at home as it has in the rast and the monev re tained and spent here by Duluth workmen who have homes in this city and are taxpayers helping to build up a great city at the head of the lakes. Some years ago an organiz|j£on was started here with the object of build ing up thie city by requesting all the Citizens of Duluth to purchase every thing they needed here and not send out of the city for what could just as well be had at home. 3y this'means they would foster home Industries and establish home Institutions. It was kliown ••.'/.ai ItheT -HoiSie' forisiipiers' league. Tlie l«Mfl typographical Railway People Have Heretofore been Persistently Obstinate—It Has Put City to Thousands of Dollars of Ex pense in the Past. Its Every Move Indicates That it Has no Regard for the Comfort or Convenience of the Traveling Public—Eternal Activity to be the Price. afford to carry a passenger with profit for five cents on a horse car, then there is every reason to insist upon a reduced fare under the cheaper plan of operation by electricity. It is said that the people should receive the benefits resulting from improvements pa.ny to give the people of Duluth Come, let ,us be fair with one an other. Every improvement has been to the advantage of the Street Railway company. It is now tlie people's turn. Reduce the fare for a street car ride for five hours a day, and then it can be, truthfully said that there is a dis position to be on "the square" by ev erybody in Duluth. The Street Railway company, in Its sworn .statement to the City Comp troller says that the system in Duluth is valued at $3,095,000. If this is true then according to all custom and as a matter of. equity to the city it should be assessed for at least one third of its value. This would make Its assessed valuation $17,031,650. It was assessed last year for $551,000. Escapes Its Jvst. Taxes. If it can consistently maintain Its position against a reduced fare for five hours a day because of financial reasons then it should pay its just tax. Instead of paying approximately $18,500 for personal property It should pay into the county treasury not less than $34,660. The people of St. Louis county are being denied over $16,000 a year in taxes from the Street Rail way company, or the actual value of the plant is but $1,500,000 and the figures in the cost of the plant are padded in order that nothing more than a fair showing is made in declar ing dividends- If the Street Railway company re fuses to grant the reduced fare called for, under the pretense of losing money, then the proper officials are. derilect in their duty if the company is not taxed at the same rate as the ordinary owner of. private property. ifli at home that can be executed here and. not sending away for it. In this way the printing establishments of this city were given the work and Du luth ,men were -employed and the mGney they earned was spent here with the merchants in all linejs of bus iness. This is what the business men want—a good working population get ting good,wages. Here is the city directory of Duluth, with' the names of the residents of this city and the advertisements of Duluth merchants thereiri and this work is being sent out of here, the money spent elsewhere and Duluth does not get any of the benefits. This is riot right arid is an injustice to Dpluth for .every, bit'of the work could and should' be done lit this city, as it has in the past. The Duluth Typographical union has made a fair demand of the. proprietors and. a num ber of them have qeen their way clear to comply -with the. demarid. The above mentioned 'firm- pould have easily settled this whole.'platter by signing for tbe- shorter wprkday and by so doing could have had the city directory, work all done at home, em ployment given to Duluth V.workmen and the merchants of theOclty^ would PUBLIC on Former resident of that City's Electric Lighting Commis sion Says Tthings. Say No City Can Have Good Government With Utilities in Private Hands. by new inventions. If this is true then it is up to the Street Railway com- actual capital invested (2) Dividends ALDERMAN S. F| STAPLES, Who is Strong Advocate for Reduced Street Car Fare in City Council for Workingmen. some monetary benefits in addition to that of rapid transit People Should Enjoy Benefit. One of the blessings supposed to follow the harnessing of the St. Louis river is to be cheaper power, and for the Street Railway company it will mean cheaper' operating expenses. Is capital to receive all. of the benefit from improving the forces of nature? Where do the people get off? At a recent meeting of the National Municipal League at Atlantic City, Mr. Frederick F. Ingram, ex-president of the public lighting commission at De troit delivered a splendid speech on the success of municipal ownership in that city. Here are a few extracts which ought to be of benefit to Duluth citi zens who believe that the city should own its electric lighting plant: "The story of Detroit's public light ing plant may be told in a few words: "Under public ownership actual cost of service is covered by operating ex penses, depreciation, betterment and a sinking fund. Under private ownership the charge must coyer these, and in addition (1) A fair dividend on the on any securities in excess of the actual investment (3) To pay back within the life of the franchise not only the cap ital invested, but the fictitious capit alization on watered stock (4) "Legal expenses," a polite term that covers blackmail by politicians and promoters and the cost of privileges and exemp tions secured from legislative and other officials. "One fundamental fact that should not be lost sight of when comparing public with private ownership.- In both cases any saving that impairs the ser vice goes to" the" benefit' of the owners and is always at the expense of the pub lic. "Under public ownership the people pay .only, for what they, get.. "Under private ownership they pay the price named in the franchise, and the private corporations get the saving made by impaired service or lessened cost. "For instance, a' street car franchise will call for a 5c fare, a speed of 12 miles an hour, a 2 minute service, com fortable cars and enough cars to pre vent crowding. Operating expenses and equipment' 'cost is reduced by speeding to 20 miles an hour with 5 minute ser vice and worn out cars that seat 60 but carry 100. The private company furn ishes less cars, less crews, less capital and gives less service tharrit' contract ed to give,' but the public must still give the 5g fare. .............. ... ^'"'tfffdfcr pub'ltS^ownership if the speed is raised necessitating less cars and crews, the passenger gets the saving because the fare is the cost of service. If passengers would willingly submit to bad and crowded cars and long waits, .they would also pay less, be cause-such sehvice costs less. "Eliminate tlje dividends and you eliminate the hanging straps, it is merely a- question of cars and crews. "The management of a public utility runs the service to please the owners. "The private owner Is most pleased with poor service and increased divi dends, so as poor service as will be tolerated is the usual result. "The public owner is most pleased with good service, as a consequence good service is giyen, "My personal views are that cities should own and operate all public util ities within tlieir boundaries, without any qualifications or exceptions what ever. Without reference to a city's in abality to acquire or exercise owner ship, there should be in such a city no farther franchise grants whatever. 'A well governed city must be a self governed city. Self-government is im possible if the people's control is weakened and made ineffective through grants of government functions to cor porations. The. private corporations under such circumstances of necessity must be weakened and made ineffective through grants of government, in so far as a government is a reflection of the wishes or aspirations or average morality of tlie oitisens. "There cannot be efficient city gov ernment with public utilities in private hands. The first consideration should be to get them out of private hands, when other reforms will be possible. As in European cities under such im proved conditions, city governments here will become more effcient and less corrupt. Fighting inefficiency and cor ruption will be a losing battle so long as the governmental functions of ONLY LABOR PAPER IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA. mun icipalities are divided between the municipality and-"private corporations." Mr. Union Man:,—Notify your Cigar Dealer that the Bell 'Phone Is Unfair. GARFIELD IS SELLING mtlOK LABEL GOODS A. H. Garfield of the St. Paul Clerks union, and a member of the Federation Council of the State Fed eration of Labor, is expected to visit Duluth soon. He has aocepted the agency for a line of the best union label goods in America in the matter of gents' wearing apparel. This con sists of collars, cuffs, neckties, shirts: barbers',, butchers' and bartenders' jackets. As Mrr/Garfield is a splendid union label, booster it is -expected that he will meet" with success in his new sphere. 1 Here is hctpirig he will make a winner./v' Mr. Union ManNotify your baker that the B6H 'PhOne is' Unfair. MAB8HMALLOW TOAST. A punch' bOWl 'high with marshmal lowg and fa- bundle qf long, slender tw_igs pq|nte(} at. one end Is the fre queht aQComp&njment of thjeV story -telll'ng evftolng betere the bigbonflre .on 2B»c)i person present t^ijr^wlth Which he .tfjftnsttxes hi* m^Wtfmfyfow fo? 3tOMjt!nif .The FIVE CENTS. WANTON SLAUGHTER OF HUMANJL1VES STOPPED Not Until Recently Did Big Steel Mills Permit Its Machinery to Stop To Remove aMngled Remains of Workingmen Who Were Caught in Machinery. One o? the most damning indict ments that can be justly brought against the modern commercial feud alism that so largely dominates our government today is the deadening in fluence it exerts over the finer sensi bilities or ethical idealism of our peo ple. Precisely in proportion as the commercial, spirit gains ascendancy we see moral and spiritual anaesthesia, like creeping paralysis, advance over church, school and press. As the ma terialism of the market throws its spell oyer the public imagination the fatal spectacle of the exaltation of property rights and interests over human rights and requirements becomes more and more potent and compelling in its bale ful influence. The infamy of child la bor in this opulent republic and the moral obloquy of its apologists are but two manifestations of the presence of the genius of spiritual death in our midst, which if not speedily overcome by awakened public conscience will stifle that idealism which is the oxy gen of free government and national life. The reckless disregard for human life as manifested by the money mad heads of corporate wealth today should call in trumpet tones to every man and woman to whom religion is anything more than empty word or in whose brain justice and human love hold sway., Look, for example, at the wan ton slaugh'ter of 'life. in a great mining and manufacturing center like west ern Pennsylvania. The editor of a leading New York magazine informed us recently that up to a few years ago in certain of the great steel mills the management was not accustomed to permit the stopping of the machin ery in any department when an ac cident occurred long enough to remove the mangled fragments of the victim caught in the machinery, and as a spe cial concession at length the workers secured a provision in the contracts requiring the management of any' de partment in which an accident occurr ed to allow the machinery to stop long enough to remove the injured or slain victim. From a recent article in the Kansas City Star it would seem, however, that{ this concession was by no means lived up to by the corporations. The Pitts burg correspondent of this well known journal after a vivid and realistic de scription of the wholesale slaughter of human beings in the great steel mills of the steel trust recites the following specific example: "Within the past couple of months," says this journal, "a foreigner was sent aloft to do some work about the roof trusses of a crane shed in a Pittsburg mill. He lost his hold and fell in such a way that he became jammed In a doubled up position, with one leg over the track on which runs the big crane. His position was such a peculiar one that there was no way to release the victim except to take the crane apart or crush his leg. When it became evi dent there was no other way to get him out the foreman ordered the la borers out of the way- To take the crane out of the way meant several hours' work and the stoppage of the plant. The foreman gave a signal to the craneman, the big crane rolled for ward, and there was a scream of. agony as the wheels rolled over the foreigner's leg. He was- taken out minus one limb, but the mill had saved several hundred dollars. There was no damage suit, for witnesses cannot be' obtained, as the workers know too well the power of the blacklist. That the i? how much regard is paid to one of despised 'foreigners' in the Pittsburg mill district. Only a couple of weeks ago a craneman deliberately ran down and killed a foreigner. It was de nounced. as murder, but no action was taken, for he was only a 'Hunkie,' and he had no friends this side of the At lantic." According to the New York editor to whom we have referred above, the loss of life in the Pittsburg mills and foun dries was simply appalling. "But," he. said, "the officials are so completely under the control of the great interests that the facts are kept from the pub lic." The truth of this statement has recently been confirmed by some starts ling revelations made by the Wash-? ington Post. This journal calls the attention of the public to the wholesale slaughter of the Workers in and around Pittsburg that Is going on at the pres ent in order that the princes of prlv liege, the steel trust Magnates, the Ironmasters, the coal barons and the| railway chiefs, may heap up millions upon millions of gold and be able to further control, government and en4| slave and exploit the people. In the! course of the Washington Post's dis cussion of this- subject it makes the. following startling statements "Statistics ofAllegheny county, PaJ for the past, yekr show that there were killed and injured ln the iron and steel mills and blast furnaces 9,000. In oth-a er mill«£ shops and. factories 4,000 were' sacrificed, while the coal mines sforell this flgtire by 400, and the railroad victims include an additional 4,800, making up a grand total of 17,700 wlro were slaughtered or Injured in oneri year- Of .mil the -injuries and^ deaths ln the country last year only riiryety two Cases c%me -under the notice of'tlfc/