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^\r'' SUBSCRIPTION: $1.00 A YEAR, IN ADVANCa SUE UNIONS re TEMPLE emu LIMB Interesting News From Pacific Coast—Miners Get Increase in Wages. Plumbing Inspector of Spokane Is Accused of Incompetency and Neglect. Spokane, Wash., March 7.—Members of the various trade organizations affiliated with the Central Labor Union in Spokane are much impressed with the plan launched yesterday to es tablish a fund, part of which will be used to orect a labor temple, the rest being set aside for emergencies. Be fore levying a per capita tax it will be necessary for the central body to obtain the consent of all affiliated unions as the constitution does not give that organization power to levy an extra per capita tax on the unions except for the legitimate running expenses. It has no authority to appropriate or sub scribe money for any outside purpose, this being within the jurisdiction of the affiliated unions. Per capita tax if being paid on 3,000 members by unions affiliated with the central body. On the basis of a per capita tax of 5 cents per member per month, this assessment would net the central body the sum of $1,800 a year, so that in a few years the fund would reach proportions. Should the fund be established it is proposed to make It available only In cases of emergency or for use in the construction of a labor temple. 4 The need of money to be used in case of emergency is also advanced as an argu ment for the starting of the reserve fund. While no real case of emer gency has arisen, it is argued that the central organization should take time by the forelock. Increase Miners' Wages. News has just been received that the wages of miners in the Roslyn and Clealum districts In central Wash ington have recently been advanced 10 per cent. Representatives of the Roslyn Miners' Union and General Su perintendent Cleghorn of the N. W. I. company, held a conference recently at which Mr. Cleghorn announced that owing to the increased cost of living and the general upward trend of wages the company had decided to increase also. The news was received with cheers at a mass meeting of miners an dmine laborers at Roslyn. Plumbing Inspector Charged. Frank Rupp has taken another: petition before the board of health of Spokane, demanding that a'time and place for the hearing of charges against Ethan Allen, Jr., plumbing in spector, be set at once. He charges misconduct, Incompetency, neglect of duty, and malfeasance in office. He asserts that Allen has failed to tend to business in his office and has not inspected and tested plumbing work as is provided by the city ordinance. Also that Allen in instances permitted plumbing to be completed without per mits were issued to others, contrary' to orders and that he failed to keep a proper record of what he was doing. He also charges that Allen, while plumbing inspector, is engaged in pri vate business, devoting a large part of his time paid for by the city in cer tain scavenger business, neglecting his duties as inspector. Specific charges are made concerning buildings in which Allen has permitted plumbing to be installed contrary to the ordi nances. Union Carpenters Have Hall. The International Protective associa tion of the Carpenters' union has pur chased from Edward J. Young and Fred Zahn, Armory building in Spokane on Madison street, for $11,000. The building is a two story sheet iron structure built several years ago. The carpenters' union will thoroughly re model it and use it for a hall. The lo cal corps of the state militia used the building for an armory for several years. The carpenters will begin at once on the alterations. Six Days for Cooks. Experiments of working only six days a week are being made by the cooks in several Spokane restaurants, and the plan is said to be working well. The experiment is preliminary to a demand which will be made by the union at some future time for the six day week. The waitresses' union will also make a fight for the six day week in the near future. For years a number of the members of the union have been advocating the six day week and many believe that now is the time to make the demand. Mfcy Take Preacher Back. Predictions are made in various quarters that at the next meeting, of the Central Labor Union of Spokane, the action of that body in reversing its resolution regarding the seating of Rev. W. J. Hindley, pastor of Pilgrim Congregational church, as a delegate from the Ministerial alliance will be rescinded and that he will be given a seat. At the last meeting of the cen tral a number of the labor unions re pudiated the action of the delegates and had notified Mr. Hindley that the action of the central union was not In harmony with their desires. A delegate from the Typographical Union sought to open the question at the last meet ing, but the discussion had become general, so It was resolved to postpone any further action until the coming meeting. FRENCH SOLOIKRS MUTINY. TOULE, Department .of the Mcurthe et-Moselle, France, March 6—Amutlny occurred In the artillery barracks here today. The men attacked non-com missioned officers with revolvers and swords. Several were wounded on both sides before the disturbance was qulled. The mutineers were captured and Imprisoned. rnrrl? 1 XlJli Recently Delivered Before the Legislature of State of Indiana, Upon Special Invitation From the Members of that Body. An Able Presentation on the Sub ject of the Purpose, Achieve ments, and the Future of the Trades Union Movement. The Fundamental Principles of the Labor Movement Distinctly Enunciated, and Cause Put in Clear Light Before Legislators. For the first time in the history of the labor movement, an honored rep-" resentative of our cause, John Mit chell, president of the United Mine Workers of America, was invited by the legislative solons of Indiana to address them on the labor question. Mr. Mitchell's address is so strong from every point of view that it is here presented in full to the readers of the Labor World. Let every one read it, and be convinced that trades unionism Justifies its existence by good works and noble purposes. Omitting preambles and introduc tory observations the main body of the address is as follows: In its fundamental principle trades unionism is plain and clear and simple. It starts from the recognition of the fact that under normal conditions the Individual, unorganized workmen can not bargain advantageously with the employer for the sale of his labor. Since the workingman has no money in reserve and must sell his labor Im mediately, since he has no knowledge of the market and no skill in bargain ing, since finally he has only his own labor to sell, while the employer en gages hundreds or even thousands of men and can easily do without the services of a particular Individual, the workingman if bargaining on his own account and for himself alone, is at an enormous disadvantage. Trade Agreement Best. Trades unionism recognizes the fact that under such conditions labor be comes more and more degenerate that the condition of the worst and lowest man in the industry will be that which the best man must accept. Hence, from first to last, always and everywhere trades unionism- stands unalterably opposed to the individual contract. It is upon this principle—the abso lute and complete prohibition of con tracts between employers and individ ual men—that trades unionism is founded. There can be no permanent prosperity to the working classes, no real and lasting progress, no consecu tive improvement In conditions until the principle is firmly and fully es tablished—-especially in enterprises on a large scale—that conditions of in dustry, the settlement of wages, hours of labor, etc., must be adjusted be tween employers and worklngmen col lectively and not between employers and worklngmen Individually. Labor unions are for the working man, but against no one. They are not hostile to employers, not inimical to the interests of the general public. They are for a class because that class exists and has class interests, but the unions did not create and do not per petuate the class or its interests and do not seek to evoke aclass conflict. Should Be Friends. There is no necessary hostility be tween labor ind capital. Neither can do without the other each has evolved from the other. Capital Is labor saved and materialized the power to labor is In itself a form of capital. There is not even a fundamental antagonism between the laborer and the capitalist. Both are men, with virtues and vices of men, and each wishes at times more than his fair share. Yet, broadly con sidered, the interest of the one is the interest of the other, and the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the other. Where wages are high, capi tal and the conduct of business are not without their reward where the in dustry of the country is carried on by broad-minded, farseeing, adventurous leaders the remuneration of labor In creases, even to the common laborer on the streets. Stand for United Action. The trades unions stand for the principle of united action, and for the policy of a living wage earned under fair living conditions. In union there Is strength, justice and moderation in disunion nothing but an alternating humility and insolence, a state of In dustrial despotism tempered by futile and passing revolutions. The trades unions stand for the right of associa tion, self-government and free speech for the dignity and self-respect of the workingman for the mutual esteem of capitalist fcnd wage-earner, and for a wide, open-minded, democratic con duct of Industry. What Unionism Has Done. In the pursuit of these ideals trades unionism has Justified Its existence by good works and high purposes. At one time viewed with suspicion by workman and employer alike, it has gained the affections of the one and the enlightened esteem of the other. Slowly and gradually It has progressed toward the fulfillment of its deals. It has elevated the standard of living of tho American workman and conferred upon him higher wages and more leisure. It has increased efficiency, diminished accidents, averted disease, kept the children at school, raised the moral tone of the factories and. im prouJ the. relations between, W Vol.12. No. 43. DULUTH AND SUPERIOR, SATURDAY, MARCH 9,1907. MITCHELL S GMAT ADMESS MAT UNIONISM ACHIEVED t" *ft PRINCIPLES OF TRADE8 UN ION ISM IN HARMONY WITH DOCTRINES OF MODERN JURISPRUDENCE. Mr. Mitchell tbom conclusively that the contention of trades un ionism Is In accord with the prin ciples upon which the entire fab rics of modern Jurisprudence Is based. There Is a contract re lation existing between an em ployer and employee, that rela tion Is suggestive at face of equality of terms freely and voluntary acceded to by their respective parties. In other words In the absence of willing assent by both parties there can be no contract. Duress If It exists, or compulsion If present, vitiates the contract. Present Industrial conditions have become. So com plex and Independent that the preliminaries of the contract be tween employer and employee must adjust themselves to the advanced conditions. Crude no tions suited to the Infancy of the race are not adequate for our ad vanced civilisation. The principles of trades unionism are neck to neck with all the progress and Improvements effected by thek race. and employed. In so doing it has stood upon the broad ground of Justice and humanity. It has defended the weak against the strong, the exploited against the explorer. It has stood for efficiency rather than cheapness for the producer rather than production for the man rather than the dollar. It has voiced the claims of the unborn as of the living and has stayed the hand of that ruthless, near-sighted, profit seeking which would destroy future generations as men wantonly cut down forests. It has spoken for the negro slave on the plantation and for the white slave in the factory. It has aided and educated the newly ar rived Immigrant, protected the toil of women and children and fought the battle of the poor in attic, mine and sweatshop. It has conferred benefits, made sacrifices, and, unfortunately, committed errors. Unions Combat Tyranny. There was a time when the organ izations of labor were not only con sidered inimical to the welfare of so ciety, but were condemned by the laws of the land, and those brave souls who had the temerity to Insist upon greater liberties and upon the right of labor to combine were persecuted and prose cuted with relentless severity. But, thanks to an awakened public con science and to an enlightened and pro gressive intelligence, thinking men and women of all classes—in America, at least—now recognize not only the right of the laborer to organize for his own protection, but they also concede that associations of labor constitute and represent a powerful influence for good to all the people of our country. They Lift Up Children. There can be no doubt, however, of the advisability of securing wise and reasonable legislation for the protec tion of wage-earners, especially of working women and children. Unfor tunately, society does not seem to feel Itself capable of conducting Its indus tries without the aid of its weaker members. With each advance in pro duction, with each increase of wealth and the capacity of producing wealth, women and children, In ever larger numbers, are drafted into service. If trades unionism had done nothing else for the good of humanity, it would have justified its existence by its ef- Continued 'on page 6. i. 2. employer $• THE LABOR WORLD it a to a no an ha it or a OUR MISSION OUR MATTER 7 4^^* DEVOTED TO THE INDUSTRIAL WELFARE OF THE HEAP Of THE LAKES. SENATE KILLS UNJUST SHjPJUBSIBT BILL United States Senate Does Good Service by Talking Subsidy Bill to Death. Bill Has Been Up For Long Time and Was Strongly Opposed by Union Labor. It has become a popular fad with certain people to speak disparagingly of the United States Senate as a legisla tive body characterize it as' the "American House of Lords," and gen erally insist that the nation has out lived the philosophy upon which its methods and procedure are based. Whatever may be our opinion as to the best manner of electing United States senators, we certainly do not concur in the criticisms above indicat ed. The senate is a more conservative body than the house. It Is less sub ject to partisan prejudices It is not so much influenced by the theorltlcal and Impracticable Washington Bureaus as is the house. In short, it more truly represents the Interests of the common people in legislation today than does the house of representatives that ought to be in nearer touch with the people. Take as an example that nothing short of being an iniquitous measure passed by the house. The Ship Subsidy. This measure professes nothing but the naked class purpose which lies in it, to. hot house the ship owning and the ship building industry of the coun try at the expense of the balance of its citizenship. The worst form of tariff we ever had paid a reverence to revenue needs upon its face, but here Is a measure that gives no pretense that it has any right purpose. The robber tariff, In addition to Its revenue reasons, professed to husband and protect the infant Industries of the republic. But there are few more prosperous industries today than ship building. If protection is of any avail it is the mQst entirely protected industry in America, and has an absolute monopoly of all the carrying business upon the lakes, the rivers, and. the sea coasts. Why is it M!r. Bede, that it is the already rich, the already strong, the already influential that can always knock successfully at governmental doors and obtain further advantages? Why should the American people bet taxed to give more money to men at#l Industries already,^richi, andppwQrfiil? Such men as Harrlman and iim jKill worth their millions and with their prosperous lines of steamships on the Pacific coast, surely do not need it. If there be a superabundance of money In the United States treasury are there not industries In the nation as deserving as, ship building, and need the money much more? It passes our comprehension why representatives should persist in a course of legislation to take the money away from the poor to, give It to the rich. The time is coming yet when the old story of "greasing the fat goose" will not be the rule in our leg islative halls. BRAKBMAN OLIN6ER KILLED. HOUGHTON, Mich., March «—John Ollnger, a freight brake'mena, was cut in two at Dollar Bay today, being caught between two cars. He was en gaged in coupling and wa» thrown be neath the wheels. TRAIN PURPOSELY DERAILED. CAYUGA, Ont., March 6.—The Wa bash limited bound from St. Louis to Buffalo was purposly derailed at Can field Juncton last night to prevent its crashing into a Grand Trunk railway train. No passengers were hurt, but James Scovel, the fireman, of Detroit was slightly injured. Devoted primarily to the welfare of the industrial classes at the Hepd of the Lakes, but with a keen eye to the welfare of the toilers everywhere The best, from week to week, of which the management is capable. Neither "patent outside" nor "patent inside" has any place in our columns. Every word and sentence passes the scrutiny of the editorial rooms. BRIEFLY ENUMERATED The Labor World is the only newspaper in Northern Minnesota devoted ex clusively to the cause of labor. .V It is the only weekly newspaper in Duluth, Minnesota, that contains no "plate matter". The entire contents of every issue is sit up and printed in Duluth. Its columns in addition to labor articles contain the freshest intelligence upon all commercial, political, economic and social questions, that is possible of procurement. IVe Win Success bp Earning It. Stirring Speech Made on the Sub ject by Senator Beyeridge of Indiana in Senate of the United States. Nothing But Ruin to American Citizenship and Absolutely Sure and Certain Race Degeneration IMHtYMENT Of CHUMEN ENDANGERING THE NATION Can Result From the Practice. Census Figures, Conceded to be Much Below the Truth, Are Appalling in Their Revelation of the Evil's Extent. Senator Beverldge of Indiana, has endeared himself to the friends of trades unionism everywhere, by his manly stand on the floor of the Senate of the United StateB, in condemnation of the child labor evil, which is today endangering the future wellbeing of our nation. Its present is demoraliz ing its future effect appalling. Senator Beverldge said in part, as follows: What Statistics Show. "The census shows that nearly 2, 000,000 child breadwinner's under 16 years of age are now at work. Of these almost 700,000 are engaged in work other than agriculture. Child labor on the farm is good- This bill does not strike at that. It strikes only at child slavery in factories, mines and sweatshops. "Appalling as the census figures are, they are much below the truth. Men and women who have given years of painstaking Investigation to this evil testify that only a part of little chil dren at work in factories, sweatshops and mines and in other like industries were returned by the census enumera tors. What the Evil Means. "The evil then exists. What does it meaif First, it means inhumanity. Let me pive you illustrations: "John Spargo, author of 'The Bitter Cry of the Children,' tells of one little girl at Atlanta, Ga., who said, 'When I work nights I's too tired to undress whfn I gets home, and so I goes to bed with my clothes on me.V "He tells of another little girl in Pateraon, N. J., who works in the steaming room of a flax mill, standing barefooted in pools of water, twisting aolls of Wet hemp. He says that when he saw her site was 'dripping wet, and in th6 coldest evenings of winter little Marie and hundreds of other little girls must come out of the super heated steaming rooms in just that condition.' "He tells of a tiny girl 7 years old, who had worked for twelve hours a day in .an oyster canning factory at Oxford, Md., and Maryland has over 200 canning establishments employing young children. Worst Cases Omitted. "These are examples given because they are typical. I have not referred to the worst cases. I have a letter from Jane Addams, that wonderful woman whom all America honors, tell ing of her personally seeing a little girl of 5 years at work in a South ern cotton mill. I have not referred to the cases where cold water is thrown on little children to keep them awake or other of the more hideous forms of this child murder, of which this last is an illustration. All of the examples I have given can be sup ported by testimony under oath and are given because they are typical of thousands of similar cases.. Effect on Soeiety^ "If these children do not die, but grow up into manhood and woman hood, they become enemies of society. The beginning of the 8th year under the present man agtment. CHILD LABOR IN FACTORIES DESTRUCTIVE OF PHY SICAL AND MENTAL GROWTH. Among the most insidious ex cuses tor child labor Is the plea that children ought to do useful and remunerative work. Proceed ing from this major premise It Is enough to state as the minor premise that factory work Is use ful and remunerative and to draw Ike conclusion that children ought to work In factories. There Is very little sense In this syl logism. Its fallacy consists In Ignoring the fact that the fac tories do not offer the kind of useful and remunerative work children ought to have. Work for children ought to be attrac tive In character* developing In effect, moderate In amount, and mild In Intensity. Factory work answers none of these require ments. It Is intense, monotonous, grinding tolL It wears out the body of the child* arrests Its growth, stunts the mind, and par alyses the affections. In short It destroys -everything that makes for manliness and good rftlsen shlp. I do not blame'them. They know that they are not the equals of. their fel lows in body, mincfr orsoul that their bodies are dwarfed, crooked and weak, their minds dull and clouded, their souls darkened and vicious. Physi cians testify that nervous exhaustion produced by child labor in factories, sweatshops and mines not only stunts growth, but produces a nervous irrita tion which calls for liquor and tobac co and causes still another vice worse than, either. Degeneracy the Result. "These children reaching what ought to be manhood and womanhood be come the parents of offspring inherit ing their degeneracy, and these chil dren in turn grow up to produce other children still more dengerate.- This ruin of American citizenship, upon which alone this republic, 'the last ex periment of freedom,' rests, is too high a price to pay for making still richer a few men who are already too rich. National Effect. "What this means to the future of the nation is before Us in an example which has started the world—the de terioration of the British people re vealed by the Boer war. When the 40,000,000 who inhabit England, Ire land, Scotland and Wales were called upon to furnish an army to meet 28, 000 Boer farmers in South Africa an average'of 30 per cent of all recru'ts were rejected for reasons of physical and nervous inferiority. The inspec tor general reports that from 40 to 60 per cent were unfit for military duty. Under size, narrow chest, bad teeth, decayed nerves, bad vision and all the other evidences of race in feriority were the causes of rejection. "Of those that were accepted for military duty 2 per cent were immedi ately found unfit for service. Of the remainder who got to the field a large number were Incapable of actual oper ations In battle. Of those who could go to thfe firing line a large number were quick and easy victims of en teric fever. The British in South Af rica fought with the ancient British pluck, which is the last thing to de cay, but it was the poorest army that this wonderful people ever sent to the field, grotesquely Inferior compared with that which any other first, sec ond or even third class nation can in a month rally to ^ts colors today. Final Verdict. "So we see that the results of this evil are inhumanity, murder and ab solutely certain race degeneration. It has got to. be stopped. The states act injr separately are not competent to stop the evil. Some of the ablest and purest men and women.of the republic, who have given years of time and study to this question, have come tfl this final conclusion—that only a na tional remedy can stop this national evil." AGRQMEIIT BETWEEN THE I. P. I. SOJEI. T. B. The American Newspaper Pub lishers and I. T. U. Make an Agreement. Advices have been received from New York that the American News paper Publishers' association and the International, Typographical Union have Just negotiated a new flv^-year arbitration agreement. An arbitration agreement between the two organiza tions has been in operation for the past five years, and terminates on May 1, 1907. The renew'al of thiis agreement means that the present harmonious relations between the International Typograph ical Union and the Newspaper Publish ers' association will be continued for another five years. The signing of this, agreement blasts the hope of the United Tpothetae of America that the Newspaper Publish ers' asspclatlon would refuse to renew the existing agreement, and. would Join hands with them in waging war against the union. The agreement provides for the arbitration of all difficulties which arise over wage scales' Within certain limit&tioiuL ONLY LABOR PAPER IN I NORTHERN MINNESOTA, FIVE CENTS. (REIT MIKE HIDE II MM ULW New Immigration Law Puts Ef fectual Check on Immigra tion Torrent. Restriction on Foreigners and Pro vision For Their Transport ation Is Healthful. Washington, March 7.—Leaders of organized labor figure they have not fared so badly as they might in re gard to the immigration bill that has just passed congress. They consider that in that provi sion of the bill increasing the air space" for each immigrant from 120 cubic feet to 180 cubic feet they have se cured4 a provision quite as important as the educational test would have been. In fact, as they calculate, the provision for increased air spacfe will curtail the tide of ifrimigration more heavily than the educational test would have done. According to the way the leaders of the American Federation of Labor look at it ,the educational test would cut off about 25 per cent of the immi gration. The increase in the amount of air space required for each immi grant will cut off 33 1-3 per cent. More than this ,the increase Sn the head tax from $2 to $4 will enlarge the in come to the government greatly, and will enable the bureau of immigration to carry out Its work more effectively. The provision in the bill for the ap pointment of a commission to inves tigate immigration problems is also looked on as important. It is calculated the increased 'head tax will bring to the government about $2,250,000 more revenue annually. This will provide a largely increased sum available for the use of the bureau of immigration in carrying out the law. The bill that has been passed pro vides for a commission of three mem bers of the senate, three of the house and three appointed by the president. Organized labor is anxious to have a representative on this commission for the purpose of making it certain there will be a thorough investigation of the question. It is likely the attention of the pres ident will be called to' the fact that organized labor Is entitled to have a representative on the commission. ft HIT VICTORY Organization Wins Chicago Oper ators Wage Raise and Other Concessions. Here's to the telegraph operators! The operators in the employ of the Western Union Telegraph company in Chicago became wise to the fact that their wages were not in keeping with that paid to men working for other telegraph companies and organized. A committee of nine was appoint ed to wait on the company and pre sent the request for an advance in wages. The committee was discharged by the company. This was followed by a demand of the union for their reinstatement, and a statement that if it was not com plied with a strike of all employes would follow. Then things got busy in the head quarters of the Western Union Tel egraph office in New York and Pres ident Clowry granted an increase of 10 per cent in wages to all the oper ators In the principal cities through out the country. The employes very gracefully accept ed the raise in wages,- but still per sisted in the demand that the men be reinstated. After thinking the matter over for a couple of days, the company caved in and the discharged men returned to their posts wearing their union buttons, which is all the "recognition" the union insists on at this time. TWO HARBORS STRONG FOR DIRECT LEGISLATION Word was received from Two Har bors this week that the working men and members of the Public Ownership party there had united in a petition to the legislature urging the passage of the proposed amendment to the con stitution of the state, providing for th« initiative and referendum. The Labor World article in our last issue is responsible for the movement of the Two Harbors people. It is s^id that almost every, workingman and merchant in the village signed tho petition. L. D. Rose, secretary of the Two Harbors branch of the Public Ownership party has the petition in charge. STATE FEDERATION ISSUES APPEAL FOR EXTRA SUPPORT G. W. Deacon, secretary of the leg islative committee of the Minnesota iState Federation of Labor sent out emergency. calls for extra support for the bill -providing fox the initiative and referendum in the constitution of the state of- Minnesota. According to Secretary Deacon, the bill is in. jeo pardy. Special interests' are against the measure, and in order to prevent the bill from being considered in the open they hope to kill 'it-in committee. It-is hoped ttfat every* workingman and others- Interested in direct legislation will write to their representatives in St, Paul at once "in support df tht -i t.i fl •j