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OLDEST BANK AT THE HEAD OF THE LAKJES. THE AMERICAN CITY WORKERS UNION UHjON#£SIAMP 1 Off Duluth. Capital $500,000. Surplus arid Undivided Profits $1,300,000. U. S-GOVERNMENT DEPOSITARY. A. ORDEAN, Pres. W. J. JOHNSON, Ass't Cashier. David Williams, Vice-Pres. W. W. Wells, Ass't Cashier. j. H. DIGHT, Cashier. 3 per cent interest paid on Savings and. Time Deposits, DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS IN OF DULUTH, MINN. CAPITAL $600,000 SURPLUS (EARNED) $800,000 THREE PER CENT PAID ON SAVINGS ACCOUNTS. THE OF DULUTH Invites your patronage of any or all of tlie following named departments of the institution: Saving's Department Commercial Department. Ladies' Department. Safety Deposit Department. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT DEPOSITARY. DO NOT BE MISLED By retailers who say: "This shoe does pot bear the stamp, but 1b mado under Union Conditions." This is false—-No shoe Is UAion Made tualess it bears the Union Stamp. BOOT AND SHOE WORKERS' 246 Summer St., Boston, Mass. John Tobin, Pres. Chas. L. Baine, Sec.-Treas. I. A. boater, Pres. & Treaa. G. C. Stone, Vice-Pres. J. R. McGiffert, Sao'y. Manufacturers of I CLYDE IRON WORKS POUNDERS and MACHINISTS A 802-4-6 Lake Ave. S. DULUTH, MINN. the INCORPORATED —1879 By Insisting Upon Purchasing Union %—w lio* V' i. Stamp Shoes Yon help better slioemaking conditions. Yon get better shoes .for the money. .. You help your own Labor Position. You abolish Child Labor. UNION, Steam Log Loaders, Steam Skidden, IiOgeliiK Tools, Hydiatlng Machinery, Mixing Machinery. YOUR OWN a pleasure -when you brewing of with the can hold It In beer that' will compete best breweries In this country or Europe In the manufacture of pure, rich and creamy bottled beer, sesses the qualities of all palatable flavor HAVE YOU TRIED THEM? I DO SO and BE CONVINCED THAT THE LA VERDAD and LA LINDA Cigars are the finest that money will buy, and 1 that skilled labor can produce. MANUFACTURED BY 1 !_ Ron Fernandez Cigar Company. SUBSCRIBE THE LABOR WORLDS that pos with the and strengthening qualities of the best beer. Try appetizer aud 'tonic—it it as an Is good. EITHER. 'PHONO 241. Chemistry of Fire and the Causes Which Result in Explosions Fully Explained. Sfr. PAU3L, Feb. .4.—Bulleiili No. 11 has just been issued by, Biward Pet erson, state flre marshal, which is All the facts of the chemistry, of fire, and of explosion, as well, can 'he told in a simple story of what'•'occurs in the light of a coal oil lamp. While the lamp burns the oil slowly disap pears, being changed to gases which cannot be seen. Kerosene, being the thinnest of the oils, sale for use in in lamps, is drawn rapidly to the top of a wick. When a match flame is touched to •the oil in the/wick's top its heat loos ens the atoms of carbon and hydrogen, of which the oil is made. They then unite with atoms of oxygen of the air, for which they have a greater at traction than they have for each other. This causes a flame. Atoms That Are Greedy. Each carbon atoms is so greedy that it seizes two atoms of oxygen from the air eo form carbonic acid, while each pair of hydrogen atoms takes one of oxygen to form water. The carbonic acid, which is a gas, and the water in the form of a vapor are carried out of the top of the chimney. Gunpowder and dynamite do not need air to burn them because they already contain oxygen. Having oxygen of their own they can toe set afiire by a spark and exploded while shut in a gun or cannon. The force of an explosion is from the solid mat ter being quickly changed to gas which takes up hundreds of times more room. The Use of the Chimney. The chimney of a lamp forces the current of fresh air caused by the ris ing of the heated' air with it, to pass close to the flame, so that oxygen can be taken from it. This movement of air is called a draft. Light is made by the particles of carbon becoming white hot before they are burnt up. The hottest flames make no light. D'o not try to blow out a lamp while the flame is high. Doing so may break the chimney or force the flame down into the lamp bowi/arul cause an explosion. Turn t"i: down until the 'blaze is half n* size and then blow Over the top not down it. To turn oi, quite- low --and blow .-ih more" dangerous'. If the top 1 •wick is aboye the top of tv wlieri the lamp is not lighted be drawn up and will 'run, the lamp. The screen must be kept open so the flame can breathe. If the chim ney is not clear down on the burner, the lamp smokes because the flame gets too much air. When a lamp wick is too high it smokes because there is too much fuel for the air supply. The brass in t: heburner and collar should be kept clean and bright so that the heat will pass off. Only dirty burners heat lamps so as to make them explode. When a burper can not be rubbed bright it should be thrown away because it is dangerous. A lamp should not be set in the sun nor close to a flre, nor hiing to the ceiling over a table on, which a lamp is used. Filling the Lamp. When a lamp that has been burning needs to be filled,_ do not take off the burner near another light or a fire. The vapor in the bowl of the lamp may- expand until it reaches a blaze and explodes. Flaming oil is then thrown over every one who is near. Above all, remember that filling a lamp without first putting it out is very dangerous. When two-thirds of the oil in' a lamp has been used it should be filled again. Once each week the oil left in a lamp should be poured back into the can through a piece of 'cloth on a funnel to filter it clear. This is to remove dirt which has settled to the bottom. The Wick. The char should toe removed., from the wick every day- When a wick is half burned up a new one should be put in. A larpp 'cared" for in this w-ay will give bright, white light and' will, not blacken the burner nor explode." The burners for round wicks are safer, than those which use flat ones!* ','t' Air' mixed with one-eighth oil vapor will blow up, if ittouches a flame. In this state more than one house was fired each week in 190S by the. ex ploding or upsetting of coal oil lamps. In the United States Jast year 340 per sons died from being burned by the exploding of lamps. 250,000 LABORERS FROM ITALY. WA«fiINGTON, Feb.\4.4-Xlja]l ori^ quarter of a million of Italian4 laborers, most of them from Sicily and Calabria, will lQave their native laud within the coming four months," principally^ for the United 'States,' as a' result of' the earthquake, is. the retnar^Bfie^ ^State ment made by!1mpo^ter6 New' ^ork city in _d brier filed ^ith":t^ committee on" ways and importers say the lehibnT' raising 'area of Italy will-Jose-Aearly 300 000 work-4 ers as a result of trie* earth^xfekt. Official Pro by the '30 full of information on, the .subject to which it refers that we publish it in full: The Kenosene Lamp, v/:' Many children are badly ^burned and some burned to death by the blowing up and by the overturning of coal oil lamps. When a lamp explodes, or is dropped or knocked over and: .brok en, burning oil is splashed about and the clothes of persons within reafeh of this liquid fire begin to burn upon their bodies. 1 ov t.r How Does a Lamo Expire-? The heating of the brass in tne burner may -warm the oil until it gives off a vapor in the lamp globe. If the wick is too small to fill the tube the flame will flash down to this vapor and the lamp will blow up. v-" ceefngs as Recorded Secretary of the ibly. Ass ml The regular mc ting of the Feder ated Trades asset tly was held in the Kalamazoo hall, riday evening, J&n* 22. Vice Presidi 1 sided. Delegates Blackwood pre- All officers wk'e present except President Mac! onald, Treasurer Perry and Trustjs Walsh (and Mil ler. o*ep trades ted condition of Blacksmiths, Women's. Union telegraphers, ma 4gineers, plumbers, fitters, fair ce iters, L. T. P. A., as folic ys butchers, tailors Label league, gooi chinists, steam switchmen, steatr ment workers, pa dull building lal rrers, poor cigar makers, quiet. [elegates presented credentials and re duly obligated: ot the Musicians' union A. L. Jut l, H. Anderson, F» 1 hos. O'Mara, build rSchneider, George Northfleld, butclie H. H. Murphy, J. Marandow, A. iley, switchmen. The following W. J. Dutcher, Johnson, tailors ing laborers.^ L. I Commu Feat ions. From the secret y' of the American Federation of* Lafc with renewal of application for too i. Referred to the trustees. I From the local ij -anch of the Elec trical Workers' un in giving a list of the Duluth firms air and unfair to organized labor. 3 'ere being no dele gate present fr the Electrical Workers' union, lis communication was filed for refer ice. 7 From President Jpmpers issuing, a call for financial ssistande in order that the case broi jht toy the Buck's Stove Range conij my might toe car ried to the supren court. The com munication stated that the American Federation of Lab had been under very heavy expen and that it had become necessary to„ appeal to af filiated bodies for issistance. It was moved and carrie.c that the. assembly donate $25 for th 5 cause. Reports Officers. From the trustee stating that they had examined the 1 tooks of the treas urer and found thm correct to date. The report wasi ai :epted and filed. -Reports of.!Committees. Delegate Pereaulof the organiz ation committee, sad that another at tempt would soon Mb made to organize the broom workers also that there was a chance thatfthey might, induce the Structural Irorrfworkers to become affiliated with the assembly, and that steps would be tal^n in-that direction by the committee, Delegate O'Marai of the visiting committee, reported .that he had yis^ ited the Musician's union, Stage Em ptoraeg- ery Workers, -Jlnoe tech of iijjjcns Ivivt. isle gates at,the nex' vy on. •u' -v. .Hiatisit.•' •-•uess-1 Mr. Chan .-ffivon floor- a-\d- eTtpiainevi ct i. (iy iihv.rls- the itftre Tjt'opos'ed 'ativiid 'ien.tf» to v/ie 'biV_. /jh^i ter, which ••a (.ie tion. ••. W. S.' M-cBwen, state labor commis sioner. appeared late in the session, and was called upon- -for a few re marks. Mir. McEwen gave his views concerning an employees liability law and said that it would be his aim while in office to have Such a law passed by the legislature. Mr. McEwen also stated that a movement was on fp'Ot to have all labor organizations 4 celebrate Lin- coin's birthday, and t^at that day be made an occasion on which to voice the sentiments of latjor in regard to the recent decision o^ Justice Wright. It was unanimously ^decided that a mass meeting be called in the Kala mazoo hall on the ev in ing of Feb. 12. All locals to toe invilsd and asked to bring their friends. !Phe matter is to be in charge of thp executive .com mittee of the assembly- Mrs. Catherine D^mpsey announced, that the label league would hold a card party in the ^Kalamazoo hall, Monday evening, Ja|n. 25. AU dele gates were cordially .invited to at tend. Adjournment was aken at 10:30. RIGHfcR© JONES, ., Secretary. VERY BAD 001 FOUND moNS FACTORIES Girl Investigators of Mills Discovei Abus Pennsylvania Silk Shameful s. PHILADECLPHIA, tual knowledge mdgljt the condition in th ^eb. 4.^—That ac he obtained of factories two graduates of Bryn Miwr college, Miss Fanny T. Cochran a id Miss Florence L». iSanville, found eii ployment in silk anth ncite region of mills of. the Pennsylvania^ In an itinerary of ^ree weeks, these college g^iris visited when the day's work home with the girls tolled and gdt glimpii a into their life and the influences thqfi surround them. "What we wanted Miss Cachrah, "was First, the workers paid^ third, the hour 1,6 '^towhs,' and was done,' went rith yrhom they jo get at," said t|ese four things: cbttd, the wages of employment, and 'fourth", the' env rortment of the girls in the" factory, factories and in many dltiemfe^ wer« xyery ba "A'bput 60 per c^nt. of throwing mills are in anthracite" region, am Htfd visited 28 r»f them the con- the silk ha Pennsylvania this is due" to the cheap labor obtain Lbl«. I could not help, being impressed fyy. the youth of most, of the girls.. Mot-of-them Were 2 0 a a "One s$ Ikidg' |Xlhts in the physIcar tSx upohi the girls was the matter- -fseats," spntihued Miss CachraHi: ''There Weii five mills in which i^itUhg was absioj rtely torbidden. It is. sald 4 hat the girl| get usfed to it, but that Issjciot so.'' J. L: "WASHBURN, PresidaiU J. W. LYDER, Jr., Cashier. RIGHT OF PROTEST AND CHURCH RIGHTS It would be fo'lly .to deny that social and economic injustices exist even in the United States. Only those who are bliried yself-interest or ignorance would declare that the present econ omic system is all that one need de sire. This is the greatest country in the world so far as production is con cerned, but in the matter of distribu tion we are not so fortunate. Assord ing to the statistics gathered by the United States government, the Amer ican ,workingman produces more thah the'workingman of any other country, but compared to what he produces, he is the poorest paid workingman although it must be admitted that his condition is better than that of the workingman of other countries. All this indicates, however, that we are a great producing nation. But much remains to be done. Some day the social "and economic injustices in this country will be woped out, and largely through the use of the ballot. But it does not necessarily follow that because one believes in reform meas ures, that one is a Socialist. Neither must we infer that Socialism is the only system which. (can ,poasibly brlng about "better conditions for the'mass es of the people. "Socialism is simply one of the many remedies that are .be ing advanced, in order to change these conditions. Practically all reformers agree with the Socialists when they portray the evils which we are fight ing, but they part company when it comes to advancing a remedy where by they are to be eliminated. The So cialists have performed a most vel uable service in presenting their pro tests and criticisms, but there is prac tically nothing in existence today which may be pointed t6 as being the result /it the Intrddubtion of the So cialistic i4ea. Thete «tre examples of' qo-operation and of the. efficiency of state control, but this is not Socialism. Th6 success ot a co-operative plant in a particular' place, uhder'peculiia.y con ditions or the value of the 'service rendered by such an lnstitutibn as the postoffice, for instance, does not neces sarily- mean that the entire Soctal— istic program, universally -applied, will solve the: spclfti proMbni., The- -church cannot and should rot adopt and adyote Socl{i!li|»n &s !the only- economic system whereby,, so ciety is to be saved, beciau^e if it were tjo. do so, it would be unjust. to the Christian men in the church who are oonvinced that there are oth^r econ- omlc systems which are more in ,ac- a church mfn-r-to ?ay nothing kh OF DULUTH SUCCE^OR TO DULUTH SAVINGS BANK CAPITAL, Fully Paid in $250, SURPLUS $25,000.00 COMMENCE!) BUSINESS MONDAY, FEBRUARY 1st, A CONSERVATIVE DULUTH BANK MANAGED BY DULUTH MEN IN THE INTEREST OF DULUTH PEOPLE PREPARED TO TRANSACT ALL BRANCHES OF MODERN BANKING. SAVINGS DEPOSIT DEPARTMENT In Which Deposits, No Matter How Small, Are Received and Draw 3^0-INTEREST-3T0 WE WERE THE FIRST TO PAY 3% ON SUCH DEPOSITS. Accounts are solicited from firms, corporations and indu viduals, who may rely upon courteous consideration and the very best terms consistent -with good business methods I E O S J: L:%ASHBuW JOHN G. WILLIAMS JOHN R. MITCHELL J, J. EKLUND LOUIS S. LOEB FRANCIS W. SULLIVAN MARSHALL W. ALWORTH DAVID O. ANDERSON J. W. LYDER, Jr. JfOHN c: ^f7ILLLS.MS.«. Vice President J. E. HORAKT A«s*t Cashier. ERICSON'S ON ALL cti all Boys' andfOhildren's Stdts tod Overcoats. v- Be siire to-get ouy. jwices. .. cord' with their idea's of social reform^ than is SbciaHstn. So long as there is nojthihg that is liftJllctrtil dr Unethical rin:: tneir progratni,' th^ Chflrch has no right- to advocate an ecohomlip system against which they hilght have aright to' protest becailsd the-- idhprch d^ts uot exlsjt primarily. for the purpose of: advocating an economic system. •. It gives every man the right tp believe as he chooses concerning such things# and the church has no right to say to the philosophical,.Anarchist, for in stance, "you moist accept Socialism, whether it meets, wlth your approval.' CgM. ERICSON, 219- West Siqtaur Street. abput my right as an American citizen —I would protest against having forqed upon me by the church, any social system with which I do not agree RAH^OAD TIME TABIDS. TH3£ DCLtfTS 4 IRON RANGK RAIIjROAD -n^-- COMPANY. "The Vermilion Roat«." Iiflave Duluth Arrive *8:05 am *3:85 !7:45am Knife River Two Har bore, Tower, Ely, Au rora, Blwablk. Mc Klnley, Sparta. Kve leth and Virginia. sr I. .A :S •?. II ah" 0 A A *l£:or in 6:41 !$:|ipin