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THE LABOR WORIJ Vtiliam & BIcBweo* PttUishcti* Advertising Rate* Made Known I Application. I Iatered st Poitoffic# at Duluth, Minn., Second Qui Matter. Published Every Saturday. Established in 1896 by Sabrie G. Aikin. Business Office Suite 610 Manhattan Building, Duluth, Minn. Subscriptions* One Year, in aHvanr Six Months, in advance.^— Three Months, in advance .^2.00 1.00 .50 BIG MONEY TO FINANCE OPEN SHOP DRIVE Strike insurance as an adjunct to the open shop drive is now being written by a number of mutual companies fath ered by large concerns employing labor. Employers who have hitherto dealt fairly with the unions are being guar anteed against loss if they will break with labor organizations. Printing firms were urged to repudiate their agreement to put the 44-hour week into effect on May 1 and they were prom ised a sum equal to theiv usual profits and overhead expenses in event a strike of employes took place. Who is putting up all this money'? That is the question being asked by members of organized labor. Of course, the most of it is being put up by the commercial, financial and industrial combines which inaugurated the open si op movement. Recently several strike insurance companies have been formed to handle this feature of the campaign. One of these is' the Employers' Mutual Insurance and Service Company of Bal timore, with Edward C. Myers, presi dent Emlcn T. Littell, vice president and secretary Louis S. Zimmerman, treasurer, and Morris Griffith, assistant secretary. There could be no criticism of strike insurance if conducted along legitimate lines, like accident, life, hail, flood and tornado insurance, but when it is used as. an inducement to employers to wage war on labor unions, that is quite an other story. Recently the Baltimore concern sent to employers a printed folder, with charts and tables, calling attention to the rapid growth of the American labor movement, in which it says: ''Labor is powerfully organized, not only by trades tut in one great' positive and financial federation. The most complete answer to organized la bor methods is insurance." Members of the "mutual" are reim bursed "for actual loss not exceeding the per diem indemnity caused by a strike beginning at any time while the policy is in force, for a period not ex ceeding 300 working days." The American Federation of Labor has been investigating the strike insur ance business and finds that its devel opment is co-existent with the campaign for the open shop inaugurated by the United States Chamber of Commerce and related associations of employers soon after the armistice was signed. In discussing the Baltimore "mutual," Frank Morrison, secretary of the Fed eration, said: I be interesting to know the influences that are back of this partic ular company. The fact that it was brought into existence during the time 1 hat the money powers were endeavor ing to impede the activities of the unions and endeavoring to destroy them raises suspicion in my mind that it may be used as a means of encour aging employers to enter into indus trial warfare with their employes for the purpose of reducing wages and in creasing hours. It is certain that the development of strike insurance com panies will be a potent factor in in creasing industrial strife, providing there is unlimited financial support available. It' is not conceivable that any single company could induce employers to pay premiums large enough to guarantee them against loss through strikes. Even if it did, it could not guarantee em ployers against loss of trade and cus tomers to other employers who were wise enough to enter into agreements with their employes so they might be in a position to supply the public with their products." "INVISIBLE" ECONOMICS. Your servant, President Harding, asked your servant, the Federal Trade Commission, to tell him why prices to the consumers don't come down. An able letter recently made public by the commission told the president why. And those of you not content with guesses, gossip and barber shop statesmanship should write for a copy. It reveals combinations of gentlemen stronger than the federal government, their latest methods of circumventing law, and the commercial devices by which you pay, say $2.00 for an article which should cost $1.00. The commis sion properly makes no comment on our methods of. government. That is not its business. It tells the president, however, that it has been halted for over a year in performing the most valuable service for which it was tre ated, It says, "There is no complete information available to anyone with reference to the proper adjustment of manufacturers', and also wholesalers' and retailers' prices in any industry." But to get such information is exact ly the purpose for which the commis sion was set up in 1914 by congress, composed of 531 members, 80 per cent of them lawyers sworn to uphold the constitution. On a referendum to 17, 000,000 voters it would have been en acted five to one. It expressed the national will. Jt was signed by the President. What is the matter? Answer: An injunction. Early in 1920 congress asked the commission to investigate and report to it the exact cost of mining coal, and appropriated $150,000 for the job. The National Coal Association, asked, and a single judge granted an injunction stopping the investigation on the grounds that "mining coal was not interstate commerce." That is, one man, a judge, pits his opinion and power against the opinion and power of 531 men, lawmakers, mostly lawyers, the President 'and the whole nation, with the result that congress and the people for a year have been in total ignorance on this question, at a time when coal was outrageously high and such knowledge of vital value. It would be interesting to know the cash value of that injunction to the coal companies until the supreme court finally decides—that is in effect, legis lates. We get a hint from the fact that some 14 months ago, when the President's coal commission granted the miners a 25 per cent wage increase, the coal men promptly announced an advance of $2.00 per ton. The Federal Trade Commission, however, showed the increase amounted to only 45 cents per ton average, and the "advance on ac count of wages" promptly collapsed. Note that this injunction affects not only coal, but everything else, and if sustained shears the commission of its most important powers. It is not for us, however, to rail at 'the judges. They are exercising pow ers conferred by legal precedent, for which no law exists but which has been acquiesced in by the people of this na tion for a century. The real question raised is this: Who is to exercise the supreme law-making power in this re public, elected law-makers responsible to the people, or judges appointed tor life? SOMETHING TO BEMEMBER. Of all the wolves in the pack, the worst wolf of all is the Wolf of Want. What does it profit a man—or boy— if the circus does come to town and there is naught in his jeans that' will jingle? It may be the best show in 17 states but if you can't get in when you want to get in there will be no joy in your heart. JuBt here up pops wise old man Thrift'. "Pin your faith in me," he chuckles, "and you will get what you want." And, indeed, why not do that little thing! You may not care for the "stupen dous, staggering, three-ring marvel of the world," but there are some things you do care for: Education, travel, a home, comfort in your old age. Thrift will fix you out if you give him a. chance for he is the best little fixer in all the world. Reduced to the plainest description thrift means insistent, persistent sav ing and anybody but the poorest can, with a little intelligent self-denial, save something from their incotne. A few less cigars, not so many movies, not so much candy, a weeding out of your known extravagances and, presto! Thrift has his arm about you, helping you along life's pathway, pouring the melody of his mirth into your ear. Some insist that they cannot save others say that through sunshine and rain they always save. It is pretty much a frame of mind. Decide to save and you will save. The government has provided a safe, easy, satisfying plan for those who wish to systematically put aside a part of their income by offering savings securities in the form of 25-cent thrift stamps, $1 and $5 savings stamps and $25, $100 and $1,000 treasury savings certificates. Ask your postmaster about them. And whatever you do remember al ways that thrift can't possibly do you any harm—-and that its benefits are legion. HONOR TREATED AS "A SCRAP OF PAPER." Two years ago when the New York printers went on strike and, in doing so, violated their contracts with the publishers, they were promptly rebuked by the International Typographical union and ordered to return to their posts. They refused to do so and were thep. declared to be "outlaws" and their charters were forfeited by the International. That shows how the highest authority among printers regard the sanctity of a contract and how any violation of it is met with prompt punishment. About the same tiihe an agreement was entered into between, the employ, ing printers and the commercial print ers to establish the 44*hour wiek at SATURDAY- THE LABOli VVOKL1) the expiration of two yeftrs. The time the pacific protestations of our legis was made far off'so as not to interfere latorsf with prevailing conditions, or with the carrying out of con/tracts that the em ployers might have on hand. At that meeting perfect harmony organ, "which always are in a state prevailed and the 44-hour week was nervous trepidation, and who see looked upon as an established fact, be- Now, the surprising thing is that when the New York printers violated their contracts two years ago, the news papers of the whole country denounced them as "outlaws" and looked upon their act as "a national scandal," while now those same newspapers are silent' when the employing printers are guilty of a much greater crime, that of Alola a sacred promise. The employing printers have both state and national organizations, but the latter body has, up to date, failed to follow the example set by the Inter national Typographical Union and de nounce the employers as "outlaws," {probably because the employers gave LOthing more valuable than their sol emn word of honor instead of a writ ten contract two years ago. But, perhaps, after all, ,a contract would have proved as worthless in holding the employers as their honor h: and "expediency" would have pre vailed just the same as it does now. STATISTICS JV&OtLED TO DEFEND W.i E CUTS. Lower food costs is being capitalized by cheap wage employers to enforce a living standard betlow pre-war times. These employers talk about wage in creases of 80, 90 and 100 per cent' over pre-war. times, and would convey the impression that pre-war rates were ideal. Wage rates, based on pre-war standards, are valueless, because these rates did not assure living standards. A family's food bill approximates 40 per cent of the bread winner's income, according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. This means that a worker who is paid $7 a day, for instance, spends 40 per cent, or $2.80, for food for his family.. If food costs are lowered 20 per cent, he "saves" one-fifth of this $2.80, or 56 cents, a day. This "saving," which is eaten up, atd in some cases exceeded, by in creased rents, fuel,, light and other necessaries, is a pretext by employers to reduce wages 20 per cent, or to cut the rate of $7 a day to one-fifth of that amount—$1.40. The worker now finds that he is paid $5.60 a day, with the few pennies that he saved through less food costs taken over by other profiteers. The most superficial thinker must see that the worker is worse off than be fore, and that every wage cut extends the "buyers' strike," which cheap wage advocates deplore. Self-preservation is behind labor's fight against wage reductions. The workers are not impressed by awesome contributions on frozen cred its, stock dividends, liquidation or for eign markets as reasons why they should accept lower wages. They know their standards are being lowered, even below pre-war. They know they have produced to exccss and that the charge that they are slackers is an untruth, uttered by men who are either ignorant or dis honest. The workers are not responsible for present conditions. They carried the burden of the war while the men who now talk of wage cuts were ignored. Ho one paid any attention to these intellectual bankrupts and profiteers who reaped untold riches during the war, and who now emerge from their cyclone cellar, peer around to be as sured of personal safety, and then insist on wage cuts. Statistics are juggled to this end and every force at the command of greed is used to conceal waste, excessive charges, inordinate profits and incompetent' man agement. THE BUBDEN OF ARMAMENTS. The burden of armaments grows no less. The senate has voted the navy $494,000,000 for the next fiscal year, and should the amount be decreased in conference to the $393,000,000 of the house there would still be no Mgn of that economy of which the country has heard so much. Indeed one may look for it1 in Vain in the appropria tions beiig voted by the sixty-seventh congress. We have been told we are not preparing to fight any other coun try that armaments are built only for self-defense. Yet we 'know that in the present condition of the world tS2.v jms* of armaments so great. Since there an admitted, need, for ecdnomy why Mot this-the time to practice-it Is Perhaps the Japan Chronicle is right. It is the big nations," to quote from recent article on defense in that an cause the printers had the words of the Why do countries like Holland, Nor employers that it should be granted. However, when the time came the employers adopted the methods of the Germans when they invaded Belgium, looked .upon their plighted word as a "scrap of paper" and instituted an active resistance to establishing those conditions which they had willingly promised to help establish two years ago. enemy lurking behind every bush, way, Sweden, Denmark, and Switzer land, feel peacefully secure while, to judge from the newspapers, people in heavily armed countries like France, England, the United States and Japan cannot sleep ait night because of the perils they visualize all 'round them? "The only explanation that seems to fit the case is one that runs counter to all the assurances of armament makers and armament-defenders. Con science, we are told, doth make cow ards of us all. Can it be possible that all this talk of self-defense, of prepara tion against impending attack, of the necessity of being thrice-armed, not in the justice of our cause, but in good, solid weapons of steel, is a mere cam ouflage? Is it in ^reality the insignia of the predatory state, based on the good old rule, the simple plan, that they should take who have the power, and they should keep who can? We are afraid there is a good deal to be said for this explanation." When the humble citizen in the United States sees promises of economy followed by appropriations of millions for greater and greater armaments for "self-defense" he has to admit that in our own case the explanation has a good many facts to back it up. A WISE LAW. Minnesota has cause to be proud of her new law making, it is a misde meanor to furnish false information to a newspaper. She has had plenty of trouble from the practical joker, and the trouble-maker, and as a result of the fact that they could not be brought to justice many of her citizens have suffered. So the new law is warmly welcomed. But Minnesota is not in a class by herself in respect to practical jokers and trouble-makers. Every state and every community has its share of them. Someone anxious to? harm a. neighbor and too cowardly to come out in the opeu furnishes the newspaper editor with information he has* no means of knowing is false. He prints it in good faith, only to learn later that it is un true, that someone has been injured, their peace of mind disturbed or their heart mad6 heavy through the des picable w.ork- of a gossip Qr practical joker. The best the editor can do is apologize, print a correction—and wait for a chance to even things up. But with a law such as Minnesota has just passed there ia no. need to wait. Such work is made a misde meanor in the eyes of the law, and the party who furnishes the false informa tion is the one who must suffeiv That is exactly as it should bo, and we'd like to see the law extended to every state in the union. We have but a few instances in which it would apply in this community, but it would be worth having around in case a gossip, a prac tical joker or a cowardly slanderer did show his hand. ONE WAY TO BOOST. The season of auto touring is here, and with a general reduction in the ce of cars and gasoline at the lowest figure it has been for many months there's every reason to believe that this section will be visited by more motorists this summer than at any time in its history. With this in mind we want to call the attention of all citizens to the ad visability of showing strangers every possible courtesy, not only because they art as a general rule entitled to it and expect it just as we do when we go away from home and among strangers, but because it is one of the very best things we can possibly do to advertise our town and community and place our advantages in a still better light before the residents of other states. Almost every stranger coming through forms an opinion of the own and its people by the manner in which questions are answered and information given. They remember it, and as t'hey pass along they speak a good word for us and the community in which we live. Then, too, almost all of them are in need of accessories or repairs, of food or re freshments, and our trades-people profit by their visits. So it is not a bad idea at all to court the visits of the auto tourists, to invite them this way, and to give them to_ understand and make them feel that t'hey are welcome during their stay here. This is something every man, woman and child can do without sacrificing anything more than a little time. And considering the big returns from being courteous to strangers we have every reason to believe every last one of our people will take it upon themselves in dividually to do so. HUMANITY. "Can't Strike, "Open Shop" advo- are inclined to place pr-operty rights and The taxpayer is asking, therefore, They hold that labor is nothing more the dollar sign above human rights. com® there somewhere a lack of sincerity in their self-mjade la^iVof "Supply and a it a it is should be purchased in the open mar* i» ket, and as a commodity it should also under their manipulation with •JUKE 18, mi, Demand." They are ^&snim?us in] agreeing that wheji business is run at a decreased profit it may cease to func tion and that factories may be closed tight when such conditions arise. On the other hand they- deny the wage worker the right to cease work to re cress grievances or to enforce a demand for wage that will meet his normal requirements to say nothing at all of showing a profit. If a factory can be closed by the owner and workers forced into idleness and starvation becauso his business is not showing a suitable profit, it i3 logi cal to reason that the same factory may be closed by the workers when the wage is insufficient to provide the necessities of life. The cay must come and come soon when this principle shall bo recognized and generally applied to business as a whole. WHEN WILL YOU DIE? The kind of work you are doing de termines the number of years you probably will live. The department of labor investigates the death rate in many different occu pations. It finds that the average death age in these lines of work, for both men and women, is 48. How long will you live? Possibly the answer is in the follow ing list of occupations and the average age of death, as compiled by the de partment: Farmers Bricklayers 55 Coal miners .51 Cigarmakers 3O Textile workers 48 Machinists 44 Plumbers 40 Railway enginemen and train men Today, however, we are face to face with a golden opportunity to discard our snobbishness and to display pa triotism in a form that counts for something, We are so patriotic as to believe that America excels. Why not carry our belief into practice by continuing to demand, as we did during the war, goods "Made in America"? Those other labels, so distasteful to us dur ing the war, are beginning to "reappear. And we are beginning to hear again the vaunted statement that such and such a thing must be better because it was made in such and such a country. Use of American-made goods means work for idle American workmen. The patriotism which drives a man to aid his fellow-countryman is the sort that is worth while. Hunt the stamp "Made in America." FOREIGN TRADE. The newspapers are filled with down right unadulterated bunk concerning our foreign trade and the golden oppor tunities we might enjoy through trade with other nations. Many of the ad vocates and enthusiasts on this subject say that if Labor would only reduce wages we could reach out and control the commerce of the whole world. Ninety-nine per cent, if not more, of the foreign countries with which wo might do business, were plunged in debt by the great war. The governments of these countries and the people thereof are not going to further plunge into debt to the United States or any other country if they can help it. They naturally and rightfully want to employ their own people in making the things they must consume, and will continue to do so regardless of what America or any other country may do or try to do. CHEAT HELPLESS GIRLS. City officials of Dayton, O., have uncovered a contemptuous piece of grafting on unorganized girls who strip tobacco in a non-hnion concern. The girls became Auspicious that they were short weighted, but wefre afraid to pro test.' r"' «. A hint was dropped to the city sealer who made an unexpected visit-to the factory and te'sted tlfe "weighing ma chine. He found that the girls were robbed of four pounds every time they stripped an alleged 20-pound bundle. If each girl stripped f6ur bundles a day the company stole !,120 pounds. The company is a strong advocate for "free and independent'' workers And insists on the "right to run its own business. *2 ..^4^ -L ...37 Railway track and yardmen..51 Painters and paperhangers....49 Teamsters and chauffeurs 42 Blacksmiths 55 Laborers 52 Bakers ....50 Iron molders 48 Roustabouts ...47 Printers ...,40 Office workers 36 Obviously, since, these are only aver age figures, they do not apply to all workers in any of the occupations. But the figures do reveal the effects of hazard and indoor confinement on a worker's lifetime. MADE IN- Americans—how naively, how inno cently they parade their patriotism— and their childish snobbery. Persons who have traveled much and are familiar with life and custojns in other lands cannot help but notice of us Americans, how we boast our love of country^ and then, in the same breath, tout anything arid everything which bears a stamp "made in whatever country it may be. mr^habdingvfbass, A margin for saving is an absolute necessity 'for the well-being of the American working man, according to President Warren G. Harding. In a recent speech outlining the minimum wage requirements pf the wage earners of this country, President Harding said: "In our effort at establishing industrial justice, we must see that the wage earner is placed in an economi cally sound position. 'His lowest' wage must be enough for comfort, enough to make his house a home, enough to insure that the struggle for existence shall not crowd ALLIANCE BUSY IN PRINTERS' STRIKE The Citizens' Alliance, which fought so- valiantly—and so unsuccessfully— to inject its venomous open-shop doc trine into the public intelligence dur ing the carpenters' strike, again rears an ugly head a,nd emits a menacing rattle in the direction of the printing trades workers. To the mere looker-on, what the Citizens' Alliance has to say in its paid advertisements appearing in the daily papers, has the superficial ap pearance of an attempt to be "fair." To the men behind the scenes, who supply the money which keeps the Citizens' Alliance alive, the purposes of the organization drop the cloak of "fairness" and assume a far more sinister garment. The following extracts are taken from a special bulletin issued at Al liance headquarters June 9, and dis tributed among the weakening em ployers whose baokbone the Alliance is attempting to stiffen—at a. price: "A Dismal Failure." "It looks as though the printers' strike for a 44-hour week would be a dismal failure, not only in Duluth, but throughout the whole country. "We want to urge upon you air to stand behind and support the printers in the fight they are making against the wholly unjustified demand for a shorter work week. They are fighting your battles quite as much as th«ii own to prevent an increase in your printing bills. "A few weeks of patience on Hie part of their customers will enable the job printers of Duluth to place their business upon, a permanent, rea sonable basis, and you will reap bene fits from this much in excess of any temporary loss or inconvenience you may have to go through in order to enable them to win out. "Public Doesn't Appreciate." "There is one thing which th» pub lic does not seem to fully appreciate, and this is that winning the,printers' strike by the job printers, and this strike is going to be won completely, is going to do more to bring about open shop conditions in all lines of trade than any other, one thing that ever happened. After a few more weeks of earnest co-operation and sup port of employers in building trades, and of the job printers, Duluth will have the ways well cleared for a com plete open shop program. This has cost a lot of effort and money, but the result will be worth many times what it has cost." What Is Actually Happening. If the printers are weakening, they themselves are blithely unaware of the fact. Of the 20 shops in Duluth which are affected by the strike, 11 today are "struck," 5 are label shops and 4 have complied with the 44-hour schedule. Does the Citizens* Alliance really believe this strike is a dismal failure? On the Mesaba range the workers are steadfast in their determination to emerge from the present embroglio victorious. Every means is being taken to discourage them, without, re sult. Owners and managers privately admit they "are just hanging on, hop ing the union will lay dbv.*n first.'* They also admit they are "sick of it," and only wait an opportune time to throw up the springe without having to admit they were defeated without a struggle. As1 for shops throughout the coun try, about which the Alliance appear» so sanguine, here are a few bulletins: "Albany, New York, June 7, 1921. —J. B. Lyon company, employing 200 members of Typographical union No. 4, who refused to grant 44-hour week on May 1. today signed up 44 hours, this in addition to 20 other shops. Expect to sign all shops within tlx week. HART, Albany." "Sioux City, Iowa, June 7, 1921.— Porty-four-hour week agreed to in all shops and also job and newspaper scales agreed to. CHARLES RHODE." "Toronto, Ontario, June 7, 1921.— First real break in typothetae. South man, 35-card office, concedes 44-hour week with prevailing wage. JAMES DRURY." The money to PROPERTY— oat ihe things truly worth atistisg 0i$ There must be provision for education^ tor recreation and a margin for sav ings." Evert the granting of such a wage, however, would not bring full benefit to the worker unless he utilizes it for the purposes designed. He will not live to the best advantage unless he secures comfort and makes his house a home. Provision for education and recreation will do him little good unless he buys education and recreation. A margain for saving will not make him financially independent unless he saves' and safeguards his money in some safe investment. In addition to the foregoing the following? unions have secured the 44 hour week covering all offices in their jurisdictions. These are the gains since the last bulletin was issued: Al buquerque, N. M. Ashtabula, Ohio East Liverpool, Ohio Elmira,. X. Y. Mattoon, 111. Glen's Falls, 1ST. Y. Marysville, Cal. St. Hyacinthe, Que. Mason City, Iowa Oroville, Cal. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Somerville, N. J. Victoria, B. C. "Lot the Galled Jade Wince." The open shoppers are sending out a circular—under the head "Employ ing Printers of America (Open Shop)." This circular is filled with false and malicious statements, the usual resort in a losing cause. Our members are wise to this sort of campaigning and it will not hoodwink any of them. The 10 per cent assessment is being paid and our members are as loyal, earnest and confident of victory as when th* 44-hour week battle was started. This fight, primarily for a universal Saturday half-holiday, has through outside, influences now developed into a fight against the introduction of the open shop in the printing industry. The employers cannot secure non union help in sufficient number to be of any assistance and now resort to' unscrupulous methods to break the morale of our members on strike. In the circular mentioned the open shop pers refer to members of the Inter national Typographical Union as—» "GoOse-steppers, puffed shock troops of labor union autocracy." They say further that —"Manufacturers and trade associations announce that no business will be given by members to any printing firm that accepts the 44 hour week," and that—"In St. Louis, Dallas, Denver, Spokane and many other cities the business interests are giving their sympathetic support to printing firms resisting the slack work-week." So much for their threat of boycott. In a futile effort tp break the mo rale Of our members on strike, they say—"Strike benefits paid by the unions thus far are so small in com parison to the wages to which the strikers are accustomed that the strike is already being financed to a large extent out of their personal saving* Bitter complaints are being voiced be cause of suspected partiality in the distribution of strike benefits, some localities being mysteriously favored and others painfully slighted." They say further—"Confronted with disastrous defeat in the present strike, union leaders in some localities are already attempting an infiltration movement, quietly instructing certain picked members to get their jobs back on the 48-hour basis if possible." And once again we are Compelled to say—"Lies, all-lies." —whether it be LANDS or BONDS, FACTORY or HOME, represents the savings of someone—this is an unchanging law. carry The meat of the entire campaign of these industrial disruptionists—("Em ploying Printers of America—Open Shop")—r-is in the following, which is taken from their bulletin: "Let the men come back only when., they decide to tear up their union cards and sign individual contracts." That is precisely what they want—J that is precisely the condition they would enforce if they could defeat the 44-hour movement. Keep Everlastingly At It. The members of the International Typographical union have never failed in a'crisis and will not fail now. The fight is won, and this notwithstanding the support the employing printer* are getting from persons and associations not connected with the printing in dustry. The great majority of offices af fected are unable to operate. This condition will continue as long as the fight lasts, because it is not possible to secure competent help outside our ranks. We do not have to bolster up our cause with manufactured statements and we will not issue bulletins except when there are Important develop ments that will make it necessary. The tabulated vote on the 10 per ?ent assessment will be published in the June issue, of The Typographical Jour nal* The official vote was 40,703 for and 11,499 against. on any enterprise is made pos sible because Someone, somewhere, soitietime was will. iiigto save. Tis First National Bank OF DULUTH CAPITAL, SURPLUS AND PROFITS 18,600,000.00 mut rXBlFAZ. X1SZKTI mtSM