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PAGE FOUFf #our THE POTTERS HERALD OFFICIAL JOUHNAL OF THE NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS an EAST LIVERPOOL TRADES & LABOR COUNCIL Published Every Thursday at East Liverpool, Ohio, by the N. B. of O P., owning and operating the Best Trades Newspaper and Job Printing Plant in the State. Entered at Postoffice, East Liverpool, Ohio, April 20, 1902, as second class matter. Accepted for mailing at Special Rate of Postage provided for in Section 1108, Act of October 13, 1917, authorized August 20, 1918. G«n»ral Office, N. B. O. P. Building, West Sixth St.. BELL PHONE 575 President—James M. Duffy, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool, Ohio. First Vice President—E. L. Wheatley, Room 215, Broad Street National Bank Building, Trenton, N. J. Second Vice President—George Chadwick, 802 Bank Street, East Liv erpool, Ohio. Third Vice President—George W. Cook, P. O. Box 244, Hamilton Squaro, New Jersey. Fourth Vice President—Alex Young, 31 Passaic Street, Trenton, N. J. Fifth Vice President—George Turner, Glenmoor, East Liverpool, Ohio. Sixth Vice President—James J. McGowan, 744 Cadmus Street, East Liverpool, Ohio. Seventh Vice President—Joshua Chadwick, Grant St., Newell, W. Va. Secretary-Treasurer—John D. McGillivray, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool Ohio. National Organizer—Frank Hull, 117 Thompson Avenue, East Liver pool, Ohio. F. JEROME McKEEVER Editor and One Year to Any Part of the United States or Canada B-j EASTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufactures ... A. G. DALE, In EASTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITEE Manufacturers, BEN D. HAKDESTY, E. K. KOOS, CHAS F. GOODWIN Operatives, E. L. WHEATLEY, JOHN T. BALDAUF, Jr., WM. OWEN WESTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, BEN D. HARDESTY, E K. KOOS, OKAS. F. GOODWIN Operatives, ALV1N J. BURT, H. HAISLOP, JOHN D. McGILLIVRAY DECORATING STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, J. B. McDONALD, HARRY SPORE, MARGARET PARKER N. B. of O. P., JAMES SLAV1N, HUGO MILLER, ROLAND HORTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION •"PHK report of the President's Advisory Com mittee on Education is a document of primary importance to all citizens. For more than a year this committee has been "studying the problems of Federal relationships to state and local conduct of education." A great change has come over this country since our public school system was found ed. At that time we were an agricultural nation and our children looked to agriculture for a liveli hood. Now our population is largely urban with the youth of both farms and cities looking to in dustries or urban occupations for employment Responsibility for education of our youth is no longer wholly a local responsibility. Children in cities are to a large extent cut off from practical education outside the school ami often from close contact with their parents. Al though millions of children continue to be born and reared on the farm, many of them are destinec to spend their working life in the city, for which their farm training gives inadequate preparation Noting people, both on-farms and in citics, arc alv sorbed more and friore slowly into gainful em ployment. Adults of all ages lind increasing need for social, educational, and cultural facilities to supplement working life under modern conditions Under the circumstances it is not strange that time and again our cultural services have had to be expanded. The schools have adapted them selves to changing needs as rapidly as any socia institution, but they have not been able to come abreast of their task. In recent years, however it has become apparent that school enrollments will not continue to increase indefinitely. Plannin primarily for improvement rather than for ex pansion will soon be possible. As a nation we became definitely conscious of the rapid growth and changes in our educationa institutions when the great depression paralyzec business institutions and threatened to curtai public education, and we faced the issue of Fedora finances for public schools. In the light of our growing educational needs, this has continued to be a live issue. Our educational field in which Federal subsidies have been made over a period of twenty years, is vocational education where experience has result ed in serious evils. The welfare of students ceaset to be the major objective while teachers organ ized for legislative control and permitted question able agreements for the training in production processes without real vocational education Flagrant abuses of exploiting students for private gain in addition to teacher pressure for great I.v increased Federal appropriations resulted in a committee appointed by the President of the United States to inquire if and how the appro priation should be expended. This commission was later expanded to include the related problem of federal subsidies to all education. As citizens we are concerned in avoiding merely increasing expenditures. We want results in the form of preparatioirfor the duties of citizenship and foi satisfaction and effectiveness in living for all of people. The committee found the best school system in middle-sized cities and the least satisfactory in rural areas. The latter areas were the victims ol poverty while schools in urban communities have the handicaps of size and invasion by corrupt po litical practices. To 6vercome inequalities in edu cational opportunities due to local low incomes, the committee proposed the following federal subsidies to be allocated on a basis of students to be served Illative financial ability ot States, and a measui 4)f financial needs with respect to education: For elementary and secondary schools $40 000,000, increasing by $20,000,000 annually unti up to $110,000,000 sinoss Manager $2.00 ED SU'iTEHLii.', JAMES TURNER Operatives, E. L. V/HEATLLY, WM. E. YOUNG, EDV/AUD SEYF1ERT WESTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, CHARLES F. GOODWIN, M. J. LYNCH AhTHUR WELLS Operatives, JOHN McGILLlVHAY, LOUiS PIESEOOK, FRANK HAYNES To improve preparation ui teachers, and other] tune. May the bug & nig be permanent! educational personnel, a subsidy beginning with '2,000,000 and rising to $6,000,000. To facilitate reorganization of school districts 820,000,000 the first year and $30,000,000 in fol owing years. To improve the administration in state depart ment of education $1,000,000 first two years and 152,000,000 thereafter. For civic, general and vocational part-time adult educational activities to be expended irough schools, colleges and other educational agencies, $5,000,000 increasing to $15,000,000. For rural library services $2,000,000 rising to $6,000,000. To develop research facilities in the education al field $1,250,000 increasing to $3,000,000. This program is recommended for a six year period to be followed by stock taking. All plans should be tested by experience. This program for federal subsidy accepts the principle of providing for educational need wher ever found: That is if citizens prefer to send their children to parochial schools, their share in tax proceeds shall be available to the schools they choose. The Committee also recommended that the C. C. C. and N. Y. A. be made a permanent func tion of government to be designated the National Youth Service Administration and located in the Office of Education, to continue the student aid program for high and college students and for the unemployed youth out of school. Such a service would constitute a long step to ward assuring equal educational opportunities for uture citizens. However, the recommendation that work-camps be placed on a civilian basis im plies that administration be taken from the War department. In view of the splendid work the Army has done in providing discipline and the exclusion of political patronage, it hardly seems wise to transfer this function to an agency whose traditions are highly political. A sounder pro posal is for the N. Y. S. A. to serve as the coordin ating agency with discipline through the appro priate agency and education through the Office of Education. With regard to vocational education the re ports recommended the elimination of statutory regulations that interfere with local administra tion and the consolidation in one fund of all fed eral aid to vocational education under senior col ege grade that provisions for plant training should by law be conditioned on adequate pro tection against industrial exploitation of students that the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provides an occupational outlook service for vocational pr'iidance that, educational programs and provis ions be unified with long range planning and re search. The constructive report of this committee in which Labor was represented must have our most serious consideration preliminary to formulation of policy. o-o (jIYPING RELIEF FUNDS OCCASIONALLY unemployed workers on re lief so far forget their patriotic duty as to draw more relief than they are entitled to under the law. Occasionally, also, persons who are en titled to no relief whatever resort to fraudulent methods to obtain relief payments. When these gypers are apprehended most of the daily news papers, controlled by the business interests who refuse to employ the workers and thus create the necessity for relief, resort to big headlines and sensational articles emphasizing the allegedly dis lonest practices of large numbers of the unem ployed and call for a wholesale purge of the relief rolls. But when it conies to business men on the Fed eral Government's business relief rolls deliberately swiping hundreds of thousands of dollars of pub lic funds, the delinquency is completely overlooked or very decidedly soft pedaled. This sympathetic consideration for business gypers of Government funds was revealed recently when Jesse 11. Jones chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corpora' tion, announced that 26 per cent of the Corpora tion's past industrial loans were in default. That is so say that 26 per cent of the business men wh have borrowed Government funds from the RFC have not repaid those loans. In vivid comparison to the feature stories written about the unemployed having now anc then defrauded the unemployment relief rolls, the wholesale frauds perpetrated by these business men in not repaying their loans to the Government received but little news space in the daily papers and less editorial comment. It is probable that for every dollar illegally taken by workers on relief thousands of dollars of public money are swiped by business interests who borrow government funds and refuse to make repayment. But the business men control the newspapers, and consequently silence is the watchword regarding their peculations. On the contrary, the same papers howl themselves hoarse over the few pennies fraudulently t^ken from relief funds by the unemployed. o-o In spite of the censorship, it is clear that aio real changes in the Nazi regime are for the worse o-o Rumania's venture in fascism and persecu tion of Jews seems to have bogged down—for THE POTTERS HERALD OHIO CONSTRUCTION N E W S (By Ohio Labor News Service) Extensive construction projects, totalling several millions of dollars, are reported contemplated at Cincin nati and vicinity, with at least two of the proposed building programs having the active support of the Cin cinnati Building Trades Council. The Council last week endorsed the Koch Plan for a municipal stadium, convention hall, sports arena and a municipal parking garage which would consist of four city blocks in the lower Cincinnati area with a to tal of 612,262 square feet,, located within five blocks of all Greater Cin cinnati transportation lines. A radio address by Congressman Herbert S. Bigelow revealed that the Council was sponsoring construction of several hundred new homes ad jacent to the Government's Greenhills development. About 100 of the homes would be "subsistence" homesteads, with acreage for small-scale farming. Fred Hock, business representative of the Council, stated that plans for the Greenhills development were not far enough along to make public any details. The Council's endorsement of the Koch Stadium Foundation is based on the fact that it would provide employ ment for several thousand skilled workers give Cincinnati a unique and worthwhile civic center, and make it possible for Cincinnati contractors to build the structures, using an immense amount of building supplies secured through local sources. Government funds would be sought in making the $7,500,000 proposal a reality. Other Cincinnati construction re ported contemplated last week in eluded a new National Guard Armory, to house infantry, cavalry and naval reserve units. Cost of construction is estimated at $3,000,000, but the project may not mature until next year. Government officials are negotiating with Cincinnati officials for an ex hange of building sites, on which the Government would construct a new public health laboratory at an esti mated cost of $275,0CD. Other large construction throughout the state reported contemplated last week totals $1,441,000, and includes: A new high school to accommodate ,000 pupils, including 7th and 8th grades, contemplated by the Toledo Board of Education, at the request of the Parent-Teachers Association. Site for the proposed school, estimated to cost $600,000, has not been selected. A consolidated high school to ac commodate pupils of four Richland county (MansfipJ^dLfctcnvriships js COn tem plated by l/io LfJard of Education. Cost of construction is estimated at $200,000. A community building at Martins Ferry, to provide an auditorium and space for the county library, is con templated by city officials, who may ask WPA aid in constructing the $200,000 project. Alterations and additions to the St. Mairsville High School, to cost ap proximately $200,000, is contemplated by the Board of Education, with ma turity dependent upon WPA approval A new grade school and gymnasium at Barnesville, Belmont county, to cost approximately $1.'£6,000, is con templated by the Board of Education Alterations and additions to the Presbyterian Church of Hamilton is contemplated at an estimated cost of $105,000. IN THE NEWS WILLIAM 1. ROBERTS •ft »J» »J« $• »J» •I* William C. Koberts, chairman of the legislative committee of the A. F, of I.., has been a union man longer than most of us have lived. He "j'ined" in 1875, and he is there yet He was born in Mount Vernon, O. in 1856. He went through the gram mar and high schools of the town and in vacations and after graduation he was "picking up" the printer' trade. He worked on a local paper for a time then went to Fort Wayne Indiana, where he joined the union at the age of 1!). For more than a dozen years there after, Roberts was a journeyman printer in the old sense of the word He travelled. Travelling is believed by all to be a source of education but travelling without spending money for it, which a journeyman printer used to do, gives a schooling in get ting over the rails which is not down in the text books. Then he settled in Chicago and, five lears later, left the composing room to become a reporter In 15(00, he went on the stair of the Hearst paper in Chicago, doing labo and politics and stayed there 18 years. Then, in 1018, Sam Gompers wired him to take six months off and come to Washington to help get out a year book. He came, and he is here yet He did not stop with the year book hut compiled the A. F. of L. History and Encyclopedia, first printed in 10 19. He is married, has three married daughters and five grandchildren. W I S O $i »t« if« *£'"t* *$"8"$' Deeds are better things words are,. than Action*, mightier than boatings. —lienry \Vadb« oitli Loiiglello\v. TRUTHS PONDERED WHILE Riding at Anchor MR. MODESTUS COME THE TRACTORS THE FARMERS' ARMY ANOTHER CONQUEST THE MACHINE! Here come the tractors! There go the armies of farmers' sons— Going to town, to work in tractor factories— Over 200,000 farm tractors in 10 cotton states in 1937— Five times as many in U. S. as in 1920— Seven times as many in cotton states as 1920— Each tractor displaces at least two farm workers— That makes 2 million farm families set on the road— Which means 10 million in all shoved off the farms— Hunting somewhere for corncakes and sowbelly— But the machine manufacturers sang paeans of joy— Saying: Machines make jobs for men— That must be why there are 15 million unemployed now! If you want to know— Why, when we had 76 million peo ple in 1900— There were 39 million of them on farms, or 51.7 per cent— While in 1930, of the 123 million, total in 1930— Only 44.6 million, or 36.4 per cent were on farms— Follow the trails made by the Farm all tractors— Without these behemoths, there would have been 63.5 millions— Still working on the farms, and plantations— That means a difference of about 20 million farm boys and girls— Who went to town in those ten years— Still some folks wonder where un employment comes from. Some of them went to the factories and mills— Taking the places of the older men and women— Pinch-hitting for the cripples and the diseased— But in 1930 there were at least 400 thousand less in factories— Than there were in 1920— So the rest had to go somewhere— Department stores and garages took a lot— For some months of the year —Some of them opened gasoline sta tions— Others ran sandwich stands, and auto camps— In 1900 a tractor was something to scare horses— In 1930 tractors were changing the face of civilization— Reducing farm costs of production So that hand labor could not com pete— Tearing up institutions as well as prairies— Putting the stamp of machine pro duct ion— On everything from potatoes to pins— Industrial war tanks, running roughshod over precedents— Enacting another non-military con quest— Where the winners took all— In the 1929 depression. These tractors stirred up the soil for dustbowls— They led the ^/ay to the massacres of little pigs— They forced the ploughing under of growing cotton— And herded the farmers' sons off to town— Juggernaut cars, heading process ions of worship— Where the Dollar was God, and the banker His Prophet— Their owners and makers riding high in power— While the mere human "hands and hearts kowtowed— Laying themselves down in the path of Power— Being for the time of less import ance than— The Machine! IMPUDENT SUGGESTING (From California Oil Worker, Long Beach) Lewis Gilbert, a minority stock holder of the Bethlehem Steel Cor poration, put Charlie Schwab on a hot spot at the annual meeting held at Wilmington, Delaware, recently. Mr Gilbert fearlessly approached the mighty steel master and suggested that Mr. Schwab, who has amassed an immense fortune and world-fame as the first big executive to receive salary of $l,c00,0()0 a year, serve with out pay during the depression, Charlie grew splutteringly indignant and squelched all the dissenters. Here is a new idea and it will doubt less emharass many stuffed shirts in the days to come. Some people who like the idea of wage reductions hav never before been told a good place to start the slash would be on all sal aries over $10,000 a year. Voluntar action of that sort would indicate good faith in the movement. Hundred thousand dollar men fee! the pinch of poverty if they are reduced a dime be low that figure, if one may judge from their actions. "The busier a man is," says William Feather, "the inure loafers he beems to attract." COMMENT ON WORLD EVENTS I Economies in the use of coal, com bined with increasing displacement of mining labor by machinery, are cre ating a problem of steadily grownng seriousness for coal miners throughout the world. Light on the coal economy phase of the problem is given in a report on the world coal industry prepared by the International Labor Office, Ge neva. The report emphasizes that since the end of the World War, fuel economies have enabled the world's industries to produce progressively greater quantities of goods and ser vices with a total coal consumption almost unchanged. The report analyzes statistics for three of the most important countries —the United States, Great Britain and Japan—and points out that the an alyses disclose "an unbroken move ment throughout the post-war years toward higher levels of fuel efficiency in the consumption of coal." This movement, it notes, continued from 1929 to 1936. As regards the United States, the report shows that from 190? to 1929 thermo-electric public utilities multi plied their output of energy sixteen fold, while only quadrupling their in take of coal and that from 1917 to 1927, manufacturing industries in creased production by one-fourth, but decreased the consumption of energy (mainly coal) by one-third. The report also notes that from 1914 to 1929, railroads in the United States tended to operate a larger number of ton-miles with ever smaller tonnages of locomotive fuel while from 1904 to 1929, blast furnaces, steel works and rolling mills were steadily obtaining a larger sum of out put with a lesser consumption of coal and coke. "In short", it says, "the average fuel efficiency of industrial manufac turing and railroad transportation had risen between 1909 and 1929 by ap proximately 33 per cent." -K As regards Great Britain, the re port cites particularly the fuel econ omies achieved in electricity and gas undertakings, blast furnaces (iron and steel) and railway transportation. Between 1913 and 1930, it says, fuel efficiency in blast furnaces in Great Britain increased almost 20 per cent, and during the last six years alone more than 12 per cent and it cites important economies in fuel con sumption by steam railways. As regards Japan, the report notes considerable advancement in fuel economies in recent years. It points out, for example, that coal con sumption at a steam-power plant was reduced by one-third between 1914 and 1932 and that between 1920 and 1922, consumption of fuel by railway loco motives showed a saving of about 40 per cent. A similar saving in fuel consumption in the steel industry also is noted. TO HONOR SWITALSKl Portsmouth, O. (OLNS).—A ban quet in honor of Ed Switalski, secre tary of the Portsmouth Central La bor Council for 26 years, is being ar ranged here for May 21, at the Wash ington Hotel. Invitations have been issued to state Labor leaders, state and city officials, and it is expected that the banquet will be attended by many notables. I W A N E V An awning that is automatical ly raised or lowered by means of a photo-electric cell sensitive to sun and rain, hub been invented in Dayton, Ohio. IIAILLROAD UNIONS SEEK INVESTIGATION OF ICC Washington, D. C. (ILNS).—The Railway Labor Executives' Associa tion will demand that the investiga tion of railroads now being conducted by the Senate Interstate Commerce Committee shall be continued, and ex tended to cover the ICC. The resolu tion to make this demand passed the meeting of the Association practically without opposition. George M. Harrison, chairman of the Association, explained the demand thus: "We are of the opinion that the commission has not properly dis charged its function under the law because much of the difficulties of the railroads today are due to their un sound and indefensible capital struc tures. "Since 1920, no railroad could issue stocks or bonds without the approval of the ICC. This was to protect the public against the floating of worth less securities. "One third of the railroads are in bankruptcy today, which shows that the public was not protected." At the same meeting, F. H. Fljozdal president of the Brotherhood of Main tenance of Way Employes, revealed that his organization furnished most of the 159,000 railroad workers who earned less than $73 a month in 1937 Warm weather, makes you think of swimming, doesn't it? Have you ever seen a nicer place to try out that new crawl stroke than the idora pool? Getting out of a tight fix—partial larly a pair oi tight shoes-«=is a grand sensation. Thursday, May 12, T938 The Cherry Tree Where We Hatchet Out The Truth THE SALES TAX PHILLY REVOLTS EMERGENCY BLAMED COMING IN BACK DOOR The sales tax, it seems, is always with us. Pronounced dead many times, it is in reality very much alive and flour ishing in various guises. A general national sales tax has thus far been successfully opposed by labor and other forces. But the sales tax idea has sneaked in piecemeal by back and side doors and annually takes an enormous toll of money from the masses. Special sales taxes do the dirty work. These special sales taxes include Federal taxes on lubricating oil, cig arettes, theater tickets and other things, all over the nation. Aside from these, some 23 states have sales taxes on many kinds of products, including food and other necessities in some states. The gasoline tax is universal and has been so long with us people take it as a matter of course and never think of it as a sales tax. But a sales tax it is and how! Then there are other taxes, mostljN of the states species, punitive and regulatory, and which add to the wage earner's burden. Such as the heavy tax on chain stores, often frankly discriminatory and regulatory, though with an alleged social purpose. Taxes of this kind, akin to the sales tax, tend to increase the cost of liv ing and hit employment, much of it growing union employment. Labor is beginning to look askance it this kind of taxation, as a survey by the Florida Federation of Labor is revealing. The survey is indicating that the tax worm is beginning to turn. Philadelphia is the scene of one of the outright revolts against the sales tax. A general sales tax has recently gone into effect there and the people don't like it. Before it became a law, there were big popular demonstrations against it. But the city council put it across. Agitation against the tax is con tinuing, with the Philadelphia Record taking a leading part in the fight to end it. Other cities have the sales tax. New York has had it for years, for the benefit of the unemployed. Imposed as an emergency measure, the tax has lasted because the emer gency has lasted. "Eemergency" has been and still is, the excuse for continuing a lot of un popular things. Looks as if the sales tax had cre ated an "emergency" calling for labor action. Certainly if labor doesn't want the sales tax, it had better bestir itself. Because the sales tax is gaining, make no mistake about it. As said before, it is coming in by the back and side doors, creeping in whenever it sees a chance. Something like the Federal judici ary, which Thomas Jefferson said was always on the march to take in more territory, or words to that effect. So the sales tax, going under differ ent names, seeks to enlarge its power and dominions and dig its hand deep er and deeper into the pockets of the people. "JIGGERS •I .Joe Copestick, jiggerman, is report ed to he in good condition at home after sustaining a severe cut on his wrist while working at the No. 8 plant yesterday. A large bowl mould jump ed and the tool was pressed against his wrist cutting an artery. A tour niquet was hastily applied to stop the flow of blood until he reached the hos pital where five stitches sewed up the wound. The City Hospital reported Alvin Hartzell, caster at the Hall China Co., doing nicely yesterday after being de clared in a critical condition as a re sult of an automobile accident Friday night. Mr. Hartzell was driving near East Palestine when he attempted to avoid striking a cyclist and pulled his car off the road. After striking a fence the car rolled over, pinning the driver. He was thought to have a fracture of the skull in addition to chest injury and lacerations. James Gilgallon, member of Local 10 and clerk of the Election Board has been seen sprinkling the lawn of late. His friends are glad to see him about once more. CITY EMPLOYES FORM COUNCIL Columbus, O. (OLNS).—Formation of a joint council of organized and unorganized city employes, for the purpose of fostering Unionism and cooperation in securing beneficial leg islation, received the indorsement of the Columbus Federation of Labor at its regular meeting last week. First meeting of the group was held this week, and was attended by representatives of the Firefighters' Local Union, organized 100 per cent, stationary engineers, firemen and oilers, and their auxiliaries, as well as employes from divisions and de partments not- as yet -organized.