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I i' if it |l" $ if !t V n fAGE FOUR K% -i i i N. THE POTTERS HERALD OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS and EAST LIVERPOOL TRADES & LABOR COUNCIL Published Every Thursday at East Liverpool, Ohio, by the N. B. of O P., owning and operating the Best Trades Newspaper and Job Printing Plant in the State. Entered at Postoffice, East Liverpool, Ohio, April 20, 1902, as second class matter. Accepted lor mailing at Special Rate of Postage provided for in Section 1108, Act of October 13. 1917, authorized August 20, 1918. 6«n*ral Oiiic*. N. B. O. P. Building. West Sixth St., BELL PHONE 575 President—James M. Duffy, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool, Ohio. First Vice President—E. L. Wheatley, Room 215, Broad Street Bank Building, Tr«nton, N. J. Second Vice President—George Chadwick, 802 Bank Street, erpool, Ohio. Third Vice President—George W. Cook, P. O. Box 244, Hamiltoa Square, New Jersey. Fourth Vice President—Alex Young, 31 Passaic Street, Trenton, N. I. Fifth Vice President—George Turner, Glenmoor, East Liverpool, Ohio. Sixth Vice President—James J. McGowan, 744 Cadmus Street, East Liverpool, Ohio. Seventh Vice President—Joshua Chadwick, Grant St., Newell, W. Va. Secretary-Treasurer—John D. McGillivray, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool, Ohio. National Organizer—Frank Hull, 117 Thompson Avenue, East Liver pool, Ohio. F. JEROME MfKEEVER Editor and Business Manager One Year to Any Part of the United States or Canada $2.00 EASTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacture!s A. G. DALE, FHED SUITERLIN. JAMES TURNER Operatives, E. L. WHEATLEY, WM. E. YOU'.'G, LPWARD SEYFILRT WESTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, CHARLES F. GOODWIN, M. I. LYNCH, ARTHUR WELLS Operatives, JOHN McGlLLlVHAY, LOUIS PiESLGCK, FRANK HAYNKS EASTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITEE Manufacturers, BEN D. HARDESTY, E. K. KOOS. CHAS GOODWIN Operatives, E. L. WHEATLEY, JOHN T. BALDAUF, Ir., WM. OWEN WESTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, BE .' D. HARDESTY, E. K. KOOS, CHAS. F. GOODWIN Operatives, ALVIN J. BURT, H. H. HAISLOP, JOHN D. McGlLLlVHAY DECORATING STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, J. McDONALD, HARRY SPORE, MARGARET PARKL'H B. of O. JAMES SLAViN, HUGO MILLER, ROLAND HORTON LABOR'S DEPARTMENT "DECAUSE the American Federation of Labor has always looked upon the advancement of wage-earners interests and welfare as interrelated with national progress and welfare, from our first convention we looked to government to provide bureaus of labor statistics in the state and the federal government. We needed the facts on working and living conditions as the basis for raising standards. Only as the standards of living for wage earners are raised can the whole level of living and culture of the nation rise. Our next fundamental proposal for government service was a Federal Department headed by a Secretary, a member of the President's Cabinet. The great masses of the people represented in Labor were entitled to informational service on their welfare and to representation in the highest division of the administrative branch of the? government representation as an integrated functional group, not as a separate class. In 1896 we adopted this second major objective for labor in the field of administration—a, federal department of labor w^JuS/Vur own representative in the President's cabinet. 7 Our campaign to secure this objective was ma terially advanced by the success of Labor's non partisan political policy in electing union-card members of Congress. The struggle for the en actment of our bill paralleled the terrific fight •which the National Manufacturers Association was making on us, trying to paralyze our unions through injunctions and suits to raid our troas uries under the Sherman Anti-Trust law. To afford unions some measure of protection, the union card group added a rider to the Sundry Civil Ap propriation bill: "That no part of this money shall be spent in the prosecution of any organization or individual for entering into any combination or agreement having in view the increasing of wages, shorten ing of hours or bettering the condition of labor, or for any act done in furtherance thereof, not in itself unlawful." The Appropriation bill went to the President with this proviso included together with the bill creating the federal Department of Labor. Presi dent Taft vetoed the former and signed the latter March 4, 1913, as his last official act. In the in augural ceremonies of President Wilson, William 1!. Wilson, a trade unionist, participated as tin first Secretary of Labor. Labor chose William B. Wilson for this position because he knew La bor's problems and interests and because of his distinguished service in behalf of Labor. As first organized, the services of the Depart ment of Labor covered the following fields: child welfare and child labor, labor statistics, immigra tion and naturalization, welfare of women workers, conciliation, etc. To these original services have since been added the employment service, the division of labor standards and the division of pub lic contracts. In addition to its research and fact finding functions the Department of Labor has the administration ol' labor laws which establish rights of labor. The Department of Labor has a fundamental responsibility for service to Labor—:for knowing their needs and desires and for supplying the in formation and technical assistance needed to carry out purposes determined by the groups concerned. Not only should this be the attitude of those per sons administratively responsible for the Depart ment and its component bureaus and services, but of the whole personnel from top to bottom. In other words civil service should operate to provide for this specific administrative department per sonnel with training and experience qualifying them to have understanding and sympathy with Labor's efforts to raise working conditions and standards of living. On the fourth of last March- the Department MiWi National East Liv of Labor celebrated its first twenty-five years of service. It has a proud record of achievements. Labor hopes that the next twenty-five years will show an equal record in developing the spirit and the means of service to workers in their efforts to organize in unions for the purpose of collective bargaining. -o-o- THE CONTINUING TRAGEDY OF JOBLESS WORKERS "P\ESPITE billions of dollars of Federal, State and municipal funds used to* help the un employed either by work or home relief, plus large amounts contributed by private charity for the same purpose, the shockingly large army of work ing men and women whom those who own and control industry refuse to employ continues to be the outstanding tragedy of our social order. According to reliable estimates made by the American Federation of Labor the jobless army numbered 3,216,000 in January, 1930. This num ber increased month by month until in March, 1933, there were 13,689,000 who were deprived of the opportunity to earn a living by circumstances beyond their control. By January, 1935, the num ber was reduced to 11,695,200. There was a fur ther decrease to 10,952,121 by January, 1936, with additional decreases month by month until September, 1937, when there were 7,513,054 with out jobs. Then case the business "recession" with em ployers discharging millions of workers until by January 1938, there were 10,973,395 without em ployment. The constant and never ending tragedy of this situation with its terrible suffering for the adult jobless and their dependents, is a picture which the workers should visualize at all tipies. It is vividly presented in the following figures compiled by the American Federation of Labor giving the total number of gainful workers in the United States, the number of employed workers, and the number of unemployed workers during the years 1935, 1936, 1937, and January, 1938: Yearly Gainful Number Aver. Workers Employed 1935 51,191,283 40,539,049 1036 51,758,980 42,364,426 1937 52,283,038 44,024,851 Monthly Average 1935 Jan. 50,943,881 39,248,681 Feb. 50,988,213 39,568,850 Mar. 51,032,594 39,799,568 Apr. 51,077,148 40,201,014 May 51,121,875 40,301,939 June 51,166,827 40,408,648" July 51,212,011 40,453,052 Autf. 51,257,563 10,765,339 Sept. 51,303,899 41,273,232 Oct. 51,350,81 1 41,575,945 Nov. 51,397,017 41,436,242 1 )ec. 51,113,191 41,436,073 1936 Jan. 51,490,330 40,538,209 Feb. 51,537,969 40,676,197 Mar. 51,585,756 41,103,260 Apr. 51,631,208 41,815,233 May 51,682,110 42,126,613 June 51,731,096 12,311,760 July 51,780,132 42,399,079 Autf. 51,830,761 12,803,381 Sept. 51,881,952 43,383,5 1 Oct. 51,933,521 13,757,161 Nov. 51,984,175 43,697,789 Dec. 52,031,844 43,760,882 1937 Jan. 52,040,012 42,799,135 Fob. 52,089,521 43,129,198 Mar. 52,138,624 43,531,730 Apr. 52,187,156 43,874,628 May 52,236,322 44,326,94 1 June 52,283,748 44,460,236 July 52,332,552 41,550,066 Auk. 52,381,996 4 1,636,113 Sept. 52,428,196 11,915,142 Oct. 52,474,396 14,768,190 Nov. 52,520,596 41,011,973 These startling figures are climaxed by the statement by Aubrey Williams, deputy adminis trator of the Works Progress Administration, that according to estimates of the United States De partment of Labor there are now "more than 12, 000,000 unemployed men and women in our country, a large percentage of them willing and able to work, who cannot find private employ ment." As an effective remedy for this deplorable un employment condition the American Federation of Labor urges the adoption of the basic 30-hour work week on a national scale and believes that under this shorter work week industry would pros per and the unemployed army would gradually be liquidated. The guiding principle of the American Fed eration of Labor is the principle of democracy. For more than 50 years the Federation has led in the struggle to free the wage earners of America from social injustice and economic bond age. From the day of its inception it has been the purpose of the Federation to achieve this ob jective in a way that is democratic, in a way that is, in a true sense of the \Vord American, —William Green. Number Unemployed 10,652,234 9,894,553 8,281,962 11,695,200 11,4 19,39.' 11,233,026 10,876,134 10,819,936 10,758,179 10,758,989 10,492,224 10,030,667 9,771,869 9,960,775 10,007,118 10,952,121 10,861,772 10,4 82,196 9,818,975 9,555,797 9,419,336 9,881,353 9,027,383 8,498,101 8,176,360 8,286,686 8,273,962 9,240,877 8,960,023 8,603,891 8,812,828 7,909.381 7,823,512 7,782,486 7,745,883 7,513,051 7,706,206 8,478,623 THE POTTERS HERALES JOB INSURANCE WHAT IT MEANS By CHARLES S. LEASURE Chairman Unemployment Compensa tion Commission of Ohio (This is the third of a series of four brief articles on the Unemploy ment Compensation Law of Ohio. Its publication will be greatly appreci ated.) Benefits Under the Ohio Unemployment Compensation law, benefits will be payable to both the totally unemploy ed and partly unemployed after Janu ary 1, 1939. The amount of benefits a worker may receive for total unem ployment will be one-half of his aver age weekly wage, but in no case can this amount exceed $15\per week, for that is the maximum benefit allowed by the law. The maximum period for which any worker may receive bene fits in any one year is sixteen weeks. Therefore the most any unemployed worker can receive in one year will be $240, or sixteen times the maximum benefit. The amount of benefit a worker will receive, within these limitations, depends upon how much the worker has been earning and how long he has worked for an employer subject to the law. For instance, if you averaged twenty dollars per week, your benefit for total unemployment would be $10, or one-half of your aver age weekly wage. For workers partly unemployed, the benefits will be figured differently. In the eyes of the law, they become partly unemployed when their earn ings are less than sixty per cent of their average weekly wages. Then they receive benefits in proportion to the amount of their earnings. The more they lose, the larger the bene fit will be. These amounts will be ten, twenty, thirty and forty per cent of the average weekly wage. Who Will he Qualified However, all the unemployed or partly unemployed will not be eligible for benefits as some may believe. Probably the most important re quirement is: employment in at least each of twenty weeks during 1938 by an employer subject to the law that is, oYie who was contributing to the unemployment fund or liable for con tributions to the fund. Next, the worker must he registered at the nearest local office of the Un employment Compensation Commis sion or place designated by the Com mission, and undergo a three-weeks waiting period. For partial unemployment, this three weeks waiting period may be accumulated on the job, and is com pleted whenever the worker's loss of earnings equals the ara^upt he would lose if totally unempPoyCtl -for three weeks. Unemployment compensation is in surance only against unemployment and gives no protection against loss of work through sickness or accident. So, another important qualification a worker must have to receive benefits is, that he must be capable and avail able for work. Also, he must be un able to obtain work in his usual oc cupation or one in which he can reasonably be expected-' to accept work. Unemployment Compensation is looked upon neither as a cure for un employment nor perfect protection against unemployment. It is expected to do more than cushion the blow of unemployment and help the worker guard against its consequences. But the protection he does receive from it, he receives as a matter of right and not as relief or a dole. (Editor's note—The fourlh and final article of this series will be published in this paper next week.) WISDOM However things may seem, no evil thing is success, and no good thing is failure.—Henry Wads worth Longfellow. Bontempo Is Cleared Of Blackmail Charges Columbus, (). (OLNS).—Benjamin ,Bontempo, Cleveland, president of the Ohio State Board of Barber Ex aminers, who was suspended recently pending an investigation of blackmail charges preferred against him at Cleveland, was reinstated last week by Governor Davey following dismissal of the charges after a municipal hearing. Bontempo was charged by non union and ClO-union barbers of threatening them with citations before the Barber Board for violations unless they became affiliated with the Master Barbers' Association or the Journey men Barbers' Union. The Cleveland court held that there was insufficient evidence supporting the accusation of the prosecution, and dismissed the case. NEGOTIATE PACT Marysville, O. (OLNS).—Recently organized employes of the Fisher Brass Co. here have successfully ne gotiated first contract with the com pany, in which the Metal Trades Unions involved .ire recognized as the exclusive bargaining agent. Seniority is established, rates of pay for men and women woi'kert? were set., and the work week set at 40 hours with an eight-hour day. The employes were organized two months ago by representatives of the Machinists', Molders' and Metal Polishers' Unions. •'nrr TRUTHS PONDERED WHILE Riding at Anchor MR. MODESTOS GO WEST WHERE ARE FRONTIERS? "AIR LANES'' AROUND WORLD POWER IS DEVELOPED Where are the frontiers, now? Horace Greeley said: "Go West—n} There was the chance to grow up with the country— Frontiers are just the unexplored places— Unsurveyed, where no man has yet driven his stakes— Where land belongs to the first who claims it— It is the Land of Elbow-room— Where there are no barbed-wire fences— And every man is his ow*n sheriff— Where the cattle rustler gets by un til he is shot in the act Where new settlers were called "nesters"— Taking away open ranges from the cattle barons— Yes, but Where are the frontiers, now? Every last quarter-section has been staked— Most of them have been covered by many filings of claims— All the running water has been fenced in— Water power companies hold most of the power locations— Prospectors are using a fine-tooth comb now— Becausfe gold is worth $35 an ounce— But all the big "strikes" have been struck— Unless you want to go to' the North Pole— Timber frontiersmen are now re foresting— Cattle frontiersmen have gone to South America— Except for the few who got into the United States Senate— Western grain frontiersmen have torn down the wire fences— To make room for tractors— The Oregon Trail is buried under steel rails— Japanese are fighting for the sal mon fisheries. Wright Brothers staked out the first air claims— Now there are "air lanes" around the world— Scientists are smashing atoms— To find the frontiers of horse power— Cqmmunications lost their frontiers with radio— While television is abopt ttf add visibility to hearing— Concrete roads have been laid down across the deserts— Air-conditioning conquers climates, hot and cold— Men have sent their mining shafts down to intolerable heat— Recently the deepest oil well was drilled to a depth of -three miles— Astronomers have begun to map ghost stars— Having already located the point where the solar system turns— On its vast journey through inter stellar spaces— There seem to be no physical fron tiers not staked out— Unless it be in the realm where the chemists are probing— Even there it is mainly a matter of relationships— Uncovering unsuspected affinities of atoms— Which suggests where the real frontiers are for humans— In the unknown regions of socio logy- Blind alleys of economics— Unexplored possibilities of political action— Mysterious potencies of credit— In all of these there are surveyors out on assignment— But they have been using old in struments— Trying to ascertain and test the values of social forces— In terms of competition and in dividualism— When they are dealing with the un chartered realms— Where power is developed to unex plored tensions— By the unleashing of co-operative efforts. PACTS RENEWED Cleveland, O. (OLNS).—With a new closed shop provision and at the 1937 wage scale, renewal of all AFL agreements with Great Lakes vessel owners was announced l^gt week by Edward J. Sullivan, general organ izer of the AFL Seaman's lleorganiza tion Committee. The agreements cover the C. & B., the D. & C., Georgian Bay and Lake Michigan passenger lines, rail car ferries in Lake Michigan and Detroit liiver, sand stone barge lines, auto mobile carriers, and independents not in the Lake Carriers' Association. ELECTION ORDERED Toledo, O. (OLNS).—A collective bargaining election was ordered last week by the National Labor Relations Board at the Martin Brothers' Box Co. here following a jurisdictional dispute between the AFL's Millmen's Union and the CIO Toledo Industrial Union. The CIO refused to abide by a Toledo. Peace Board ruling, which held that the AFL Union represented the ma jority of the workers. Buy American. COMMENT ON WORLD EVENTS ww w r*i |.[ i.i .•f "Ted" Dewey, New York's famous prosecutor, recently told the Legal Aid Society of that city that the poor man arrested on criminal charges sel dom got decent legal.-services, and out lined a plan to bring betterment. Next day, Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, told the American Law Insti tute that the administrative agencies of government must be extremely careful to see that the spirit in which they work is "the spirit of the just judge." Both gentlemen are entirely right in what they said and both refrained from mentioning the greatest blot on America's administration of law. What the poor man arrested on a criminal charge in most cities has most to fear is that the police will give him the "third degree" to get a confession out of him. The star villainy of the lot probably is the action of the Denver police some years ago, when they beat and bede villed a man into confessing to a double murder that never was com mitted. It was proved beyond all ques tion at the trial that the deaths were due to a faulty gas heater, with which the man who confessed had nothing to do. Dewey is right, and Chief Justice Hughes is right—though it must be admitted that the New York prosecu tor picked a llaw infinitely more im portant to the mass of the American people than the one which engaged the attention of the Chief Justice. Most of our administrative agencies deal with corporations—and no corporation in trouble lacks legal services, what ever the plight of its exchequer. But isn't it about time that someone to whom the country must listen goes after the third degree? In a statement of considerable length and studiously moderate lan guage, Premier Hirota of Japan re cently told the world that what Japan is working for now is a united China, under a government that will be friendly to Japan. He admitted that the difficulties in the way were large. The context showed that what Hirota meant by "friendly government" is a government of China which will do the will of Japan in all things. If China were a corporation with (Btock on the market, that should have boomed when Hirota's statement was published. For what Hirota really said is that China has become so thor oughly united that Japan no longer has any hope of dividing it. In the early days of the war, as everyone re members, Japan was aiming to have the five northern provinces of China under a puppet pro-Japanese govern ment. That time is past. Hirota ad mits, apparently without quite know ing it, that the case has come to be all or nothing so far as Japan is con cerned. Why, if the Chinese are united past division in all the fighting regions and nearby territory, should the Japanese be striking at southern China, which hitherto has had little experience of this war? The answer must be that Japan is absolutely under the domin ation of her army and navy and that history shows that the military mind seldom thinks. The Japanese raid on Amoy probably will put 250,000 south ern Chinese into active war service who would not have been in that ser vice before. :s WHAT NEXT? I It is now possible to rubberize paper for wrapping salt, cocoa and candy and similar commodi ties by coating it with a derivative of crepe rubber to ma lie it mois ture and „vapor resistent. The paper is tasteless, odorless and has a high gloss. The rubber coat ing is supplied in the form of an emulsion. THE BUY AMERICAN PICNIC June the eleventh is the date I hear For Potters to gather from far and near. So all you potters be on your mark, For the annual outing at Idora Park. Bring all your friends, and neighbors too, For all are quite welcome and I DO mean you. Free coffee is served in the picnic grove, So pack your basket and be there by jove. You'll be reminiscing with friends of old, As tales of bygone days arc told. It's a gala occasion, and one, of good will, With the park amusements to fill the bill. The sports will be grand with contests too, Thg committees have arranged them just for you. This outing will be their best by far, You may be lucky and win the car. Though illness prevents my attending this year, I sincerely hope that the day will be clear. v- For these loyal potters have done all they can Attd ask your support on The Buy American Plan. —MRS. JOSEPH RICKEL. Thursday, May 19, 1935 The Cherry Tree Where We Hatchet Out The Truth "ECONOMIC RECESSION" HAS REACHED BOTTOM!! "PUMP PRIMING" NATION TO MAKE CHOICE The "economic recession"—so call ed for politeness sake—has "probably reached the bottom," Secretary of Commerce Roper thinks. Well, here's hoping. If the bottom has really been reach ed, then the next move must be up ward. If the bottom has not been reached, lower levels are to come. Secretary Roper is cagey on the future. He says there has been as yet no substantial up-grade and that -a sur vey of business conditions merely in dicates there has been relative stabil ity in industrial activity in the four months of this year ending in April, in contrast to the precipitous decline in the last four months of 1937. Government is tackling depression with a big emergency relief and Fed eral building bill. It called the recovery bill for short. Recovery bill aims to get business and industry going by spending and lending money. In other words, "pump priming." Government delayed vigorous action for months, apparently hoping "pros perity was just around the corner." Corner was not reached and Presi dent and his advisers finally acted. Seemed to be the only thing they could do in the circumstances, though there are grave misgivings about the success of the move. Last pump priming spree didn't bring lasting recovery. Lots of people think there was no real recovery at all, only the appear ance of it. One thing seems certain as regards the present situation. The pending recovery program is probably the last possible experiment of the kind the nation can try in this generation. If it doesn't work, we shall have to face a "completely new orientation in our thinking and actions," one com mentator says. That is a fancy way of saying we shall have to adopt a different course of action and way of looking at things economic. That might mean one of two things: Returning to the old way of letting the economic system alone, with a minimum of government control or in terference. Setting up a system of production and distribution in which profit is sub ordinate to use. Nation may have to make a choice before many years have passed. -K Agencies of Russia's Communist government send out glowing accburits of cultural, recreational and other things being done for tne people. Such as a description of how one of the most feared and dreaded of the old Czarist prisons, once noted for its dungeons, torture chambers and execution, gallery, has been con verted into an art museum. But the government agencies don't say anything about converting the present day prisons, with their torture and execution chambers. Those are reserved for enemies, real and imagined, of the*Russian dictator ship. The dictatorship is getting on dan gerous ground when it begins to talk about prisons. It might be asked in what respect its prisons, and what they signify, are any advance over those of the days of the tyrannical rule of the Czars. 1 v IN THE NEWS LISTER HILL $» »j» •$» *i* »$» »j» «$• Lister llill, elected to the Senate by Alabama to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of Hugo L. Black to the Supreme Court, is 43 years old but he doesn't look it, except in the eroded districts of his hair. He has a springy walk not too common in the thirties he stands about five feet, eleven inches above sea-level his face is not lined, his light gray eyes ap pear to need no spectacles, he has not made a start toward getting fat. His whole manner is that of a young man who finds life a doggoned interesting affair. He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1914. He served with the Seventeenth and Seventy-first U. S. Infantry in the World War. He was elected to the Sixty-eighth Con gress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John R. Tyson. And here comes a fact rather unusual, even in the Deep South—he was renominated and reelected, without opposition, seven times. Evidently, his district was pretty well satisfied with Lister Hill. His election to the Senate by more than two to one, shows that the state is pretty well satisfied, too. He made a vigorous New Deal campaign, uphold ing Roosevelt on the stump as in the House. While he was still Senator, Hugo Black was heard to say: "There's a lot more liberalism in the South than most people believe." Hill's experience seems to justify his predecessor's words. Yes, competence is largely a mat ter of confidence. 1