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PACE FOUR New Jersey. Sebring, Ohio. THE POTTERS HERALD OFFICIAL JOI RNAL OF THE NATIONAL BKOTHKKHOOD OF Ol'KRATIVE POTTERS and EAST LIVERPOOL TRADKS & LABOR COUNCIL Published every Thursday at Ea.-t Liverpool, Ohio by the N. B. of O. P. owning and operating the Best Trades Newspaper and Job Printing Plant in the State. Entered at Po.-toffice, East Liverpool, Ohio, April 20, 1902, as second class matter. Accepted for mailing at Special Kate of Postagi provided for in Section 1108, Act of October 13, 1917, authorized Auguat 20, 191S. General Office, N. B. of O. P. Building, W. 6th St., BF.LL PHONE 51 F, JEROME McKEEVER. Editor and Business Manage! (tea Year to Any Part of the United States or Canada.... $2.0( President—James M. Duffy, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool, Ohio. First Vice President—E. L. Wheatley, Room 215, Broad Street National Rank Huildingr, Trenton, New Jersey. Second Vice: President—Frank Hull, 117 Thompson Avenue, East Liv er|MVil, Ohio. Third Vice President—George Chadwick, 802 Bank Street, East Liver pool, Ohio. Fourth Vice President—Charles Zimmer, 1045 Ohio Avenue, Trenton Fifth V ice President—George Newbon, 847 Melrose Avenue, Trentoi)| New Jersey. Sixth Vice President—George Turner, Glonmoor, East Liverpool, Ohio Seventh Vice President—Charles Jordan, 245 East Michigan Aveaue, Eighth Vice President—Joshua Chadwick, Grant Street, Newell, W. Va. Secretary-Treasurer—John D. McGillivray, P. O. Box 6, East Liverpool, Ohio. EASTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers A. C. DALE, FRED SUTTER LIN, JAMES TURNEK Operatives. E. L. WHEATLEY, WM. E. YOUNG, EDWARD SEYFIERI WESTERN GENERAL WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers. CHAS. F. GOODWIN, M. J. LYNCH, ARTHUR WELL? Operatives, JOHN McGILLIVRAY. LOUIS P1ESLOCK, F. HAYNE.' EASTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, BEN D. HARDEHTY. E. K. KOOS. CHAS. GOODWIN Operatives, E. L. WHEATLEY. JOHN T. HALDAUF, Jr., WM. OWEN WESTERN CHINA WARE STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, HEN 1). HARDESTY. E. K. KOOS, CHAS. GOODWIN Operatives. ALVIN J. BURT, H. R. IIAISLOP. JOHN McGILLIVRAY DECORATING STANDING COMMITTEE Manufacturers, J. B. McDONALI), H. SPORE, MARGARET PARKEIf N. B. of O. P.. JAMES SLAVIN, HUGO MILLER, ROLAND HORTON THK TRUTH ABOUT DEFENSE T^HE American people need to be informed frankly concerning the progress or lack of progress of the defense program. They need this information for the sake of the program itself. Only through knowledge of where the gaps and bottlenecks and snags exist can their full ell'orts and cooperation he enlisted to end them. The country is not today getting a full and clear picture of our defense progress. What it is getting is secrecy broken by some optimistic statements and some warnings not to expect ton much. At a few points the veil is lifted, while at others efforts are being made toward still stricter censorship of the news. In certain directions secrecy is obviously need ed. No one would expect or want our forces to make known the details of an advanced bomb sight or mine or airplane detector. And it is not always easy to draw the line between what should be secret and what public. It may be, for ex ample, that it is undesirable to reveal exactly how many airplanes we have of each type on hand or being currently delivered. A balance 'must be achieved between the knowledge which one's own people ought to have for their own guidance, and knowledge potentially useful to a possible enemy, which that enemy's agents have presumably not been able to obtain for themselves. The mistake most frequently made by mili tary organizations, however, is not to give the enemy too much information but to keep their own people too much in the dark. The military mind seldom has great respect for lay opinion it believes that public "interference" is a neces sary nuisance to be reduced to the greatest extent possible. Hut the history of warfare shows time and time again occasions when public opinion forced reforms on the military mind that would otherwise have been made too late or not at all. In the World War it was the campaign in the Northclill'e press that led to the organization of the munition supply and the provision of adequate quantities of high explosive .shells. The same campaign contributed to the formation of the Coalition Minstry. The Northclill'e press must also be given substantial credit for its insistence on the importance of airplane production at that time. Yet Northclill'e had to light the official censors, who would not allow him to print the stories his newspapers were receiving from the front on the ammunition shortage of the British forces there. In the present war, unfortunately, there was no Northclill'e in France: the French people had implicit faith in their military leaders and in the strength of their defenses but tlu French military leaders were too wedded to out moded methods of warfare to provide the neces sary tanks and airplanes or even to agitate for them with sufficient vigor. If the real facts had been known to the French public, reforms might have been forced in time. As long as this country remains even in a tech nical state of peace, certainly its course regarding the publicity to be given to defense progress is reasonably clear. It ought to publish at regulai intervals, probably each month, fairly compre hensive statements of the progress of the defense program. When new ships an commissioned, the country should learn of them. There should be a monthly statement of our military airplane pro duction, with at least enough analysis to be mean ingful. Actual combat planes, for example, should be separated from mere training planes perhaps bombers should be differentiated from pursuit planes. There should certainly be no elfort to suppress at one point information that has al ready been made public at another. The Ameri can people have a right to know what theii country has to fight with. If the country is strong, it does little harm for a potential enemy to know it. If the country is weak at some point, the authorities will naturally endeavor to conceal this weakness. But the worst thing that could possibly happen would be to conceal this weakness from their own people while failing to conceal it from an enemy. If the public knows where oui weaknesses are, it can be counted on to throw its energies into ending them. WHAT K. A. F. THINKS 01 I S. PLANES \yilAT does the It. A. F. think of the planes America builds for them? Quentin lieynolds wanted to find out for Collier's, so he went right to Lord Beaverbrook in England and asked. His answer, as quoted in the Collier's article, was: "They are magnificent aircraft. Come and look at them. Talk to the pilots. Fly in them your-' rpilE self. Go to the factories where they are assembled and tested." Mr. Reynolds did. And here is a cerpt of the favorable report he obtained an all ides: "Then there is the Curtiss P-40, which will soon be as well known in England as the Spitfire. It is known as the Tomahawk. It is a pretty iass somewhat on the lines of the Spitfire. It has long nose and it is a sleek, imperious-looking reature. The Tomahawk has the liquid-cooled Allison motor. It is no secret among members of he aircraft industry that there were several 'bugs' in the Allison. One by one they have been eliminated. Today the Allison ranks with the Merlin, which has always been considered the best iquid-cooled motor in the world. The success of the Spitfires and Hurricanes proves that point. "I watched a test pilot put a new Tomahawk through its paces. He did something I've never seen done with a Hurricane or a Spitfire—he climbed the Tomahawk almost vertically. 'How do I like it?' the pilot exploded when he had landed. 'How could anyone fail to like it? It's a grand airplane. I've flown all of the fighter lircraft and in combat I'd rather have this than any. It is more maneuverable than a Spitfire. It isn't quite as fast as a Spitfire but what is?' "American aircraft good only for training? England wishes she had five times as many as she has." BOTH COMING AND GOING /^EKMAN foreign trade promotion methods, when as mixed with political motives as they ire today, enable Germany to profit either way. Yugolsavia, like most of Southeastern Europe, had aken advantage of the markets Germany offered her agricultural products, only to find like the rest that her apparently profitable sales merely result ed in Germany running heavily into her debt. Other countries, in the effort to obtain payment of the sums due them, accepted either unwanted products, like the much-publicized aspirin, camera and harmonica shipments or else other equally unprofitable settlements. Yugoslavia held out against such payment, and instead bought Ger man guns, tanks, machinery, etc. Although this reversed the balance, it did not make her position my more enviable. Now she is reported to be in lebt to Germany to the extent of one billion din-j trs. Does this permit her to force Germany in her Uirn to take superfluous Yugoslav products? Not it all. Germany has rather exerted increasing pressure on Yugoslavia to compel her to accept less favorable foreign exchange rates, and other wise to strengthen the Gentian hold on that country. Germany thus profits both coming and going, whether she is in debt or whether she is owed. It is a nice example of heads I win and tails you lose. GIVE 'EM AN INCH AND— (From the Trades Unionist, Washington, D. C.) IJECAUSE this nation has reached the conclusion that we can not afford to permit Britain to be defeated, our British friends appear willing to dump the whole war in our laps. We are going "all out" to help them, and this effort of ours, which includes just about every thing except sending our men over there, leads to the belief that instead of helping Britain to fight its own war we are permitting them to fight our war. And from that premise Britons seem to think we should take off their hands all responsibility, send them men, money and material, and push Hitler back into Prussia. Our little item is ignored by the wily Briton, and that is the filet that '20 years ago we attempt ed to make future wars impossible and were de feated by European statesmen, including British diplomats, and also that the present plight of Britain is the result of the dumbness of the em pire's diplomats in refusing to recognize the men ace of Hitler in his early days in fact he was aided by British money to rise to power. We are ready to give all the help we can, but, please, let's keep the record straight and not get he shoe 011 the wrong foot. A BUSINESS FORECAST WHAT are the prospects for industry as the defense program gathers headway? Probably the peak of activity has already been reached in such work as the construction of barracks. Will the production of war goods w holly take the place of th e cessation of work on new war goods fac tories, or do we face a slump when the present expansion of industrial facilities is completed? A current study in the Agriculture Depart ment's monthly Demand and Price Situation at tempts to answer the question. The crux of the problem is whether the annual expenditures in volved in operating the new plants will exceed those incurred in building them. On the basis of various data the study estimates that operating expenditures in general will probably exceed by as much as 50 per cent construction costs over a corresponding time. Even allowing for off setting factors, the passing of the defense effort from the preparatory to the production stage may therefore result not in diminished but rather in further expansion of industrial activity as a whole. The effect of this added stimulus on the eventual post-war readjustment problem is, of course, not to be overlooked. DOUBTFUL POLICY CHANGE State Department lifts the "moral embargo" against shipment of war planes and plane equipment to Soviet Russia. Maybe this is a necessary move, and maybe it will improve4 Rus sia's attitude4 toward the United States and Britain although, if we hadn't sworn off name-callin we'd be tempted to say it looks a little like ap peasement. But we don't trust Stalin, and lifting th( "moral embargo" doesn't wash the blood of Finland off his hands. As to war planes, Russia probably won't get many, our full output being pretty well ticketed for our own and Britain's needs. We trust the State Department will keep a constant eve 011 this reinstated customer, making certain that no planes, no machine tools, no cop per or other war materials sold to Russia will find they way into the hands of Hitler.—The Wash ington Daily News. typical ex THE POTTERS HERALD £cQ4i04H4C Happenings That Affect the Dinner Pails, Dividend Checks and Tax Bills of Every Individual. National and International Problems Insep arable from Local Welfare. It is becoming clear that the un limited aid for England bill is not go ing through with the blinding speed the Administration hoped for. On the 23rd of January, one Senate leader said he expected a final vote within ^50 days, which indicates the way the wind blows. The opponents of the bill are grimly determined to fight it to a finish—and they have picked up a number of adherents who, while they favor sections of the measure, and are as pro-British as anyone else, were stunned by the tremendous pow ers, it gives the President. Basis of opposition to the bill is pretty well established. First, its op ponents seized eagerly on Secretary Stimson's observation that he expected a crisis in the war within 60 to 90 days. They pointed out that even if the bill were passed at once, there could be no significant increase in our aid to England in so short a time. Therefore, they said in effect, "Why all the hurry?" Second, a major point has been made of the apparent fact that the bill would give the head of this gov ernment, which is not at war, far greater powers than are possessed by the head of the British government, which is at war. Mr. Churchill is di rectly accountable to Parliament for every act—under the English system, he is a member of the House of Com mons and must submit to interroga tion by any other member. He is not plected for a specific term, and could be turned out of office inside 24 hours the House of Commons, by a simple majority, refused to endorse some measure or policy he advocated. Third, it is argued that the bill would revolutionize our system of government, by, in effect, taking the power to make war out of the hands rf Congress, where it is specifically placed by the Constitution, and giving it to the Executive. Fourth, some are raising the argu ment that if England should fall, the arms and materials and other im plements of war we would give her could be turned against us—that our troops might have to fight airplanes ind guns and warships made in Amer ican yards and factories. It is stress ed that all gifts and loans to England would be made only under a definite agreement that they would never be turned over to-ajcyj tier power, but the bill's opponents dbn\ think such guar antees would be worth much. Fifth, the fact that the bill as now drawn would enable the President to actually give England all or part of our Navy, if he so decided, is being made a big fighting point. Adminis tration spokesmen, including the Pres ident, have said that nothing of that sort is anticipated, and that the ques tion of using American naval vessels to convey British merchant shipping something Britain obviously wants —has not been considered. But Ad ministration men, testifying for the bill, have opposed a proposed clause which would not permit the gift or loan of ships to England without specific Congressional approval. There are arguments on the other side of all these points, and they are well known—the President and those who think the way he does, have been making them for a long time. There seems to be little common ground be tween the measure's more extreme de fenders and opponents. Political par tisanship is playing almost no part in the fight. There is little question tin1 absolute sincerity of leaders of both sides to the controversy. Best guess at this time is that there is small likelihood of the bill passing without restricting amendments. Also there is less likelihood of its being de feated as a whole. The bill's oppon ents have said that they will not stoop to the filibuster, but will battle the issue out on iU merits. This may be the biggest fight since the proposal to increase the size of the 'Supreme Court. "Unprecedented production small profits." That, in four words, is as good a forecast as any of the indus trial future. A tremendous expansion of pro duction, carrying us far beyond the 102!) level, is of course inevitable when unlimited billions are to be spent for arms. And small profits seem equally inevitable, in the light of gov ernment controls, labor costs, high ex isting taxes and the certain prospect of new and increased taxes. Unemployment is said to be going down rapidly. The defense drive calls for workers v.ho are unskilled and semi-skilled as well as skilled. In some highly skilled trades, such as machine tool work, then* is a definite shortage of capable men. Drastic changes in our normal econ omy are anticipated soon. For in stance, don't he surprised if automo bile production is cut by a third or more before the year ends. Motor facilities are going to be needed to a con stantly increasing extent for arms purposes. That is also true of fac kories making heavy household equip ment—refrigerators, etc. Increases in the cost of heavy goods are expected. But there is no in flationary trend. The general cost of living index, which deals with the basic necessities, is showing no par ticular change ut the moment. Truths Pondered While Riding At Anchor MR. MODESTUS OCTOPUS HELPLESS ON DRY LAND HOLDING COMPANIES VULNERABLE TO HONEST ATTACK An octopus— Is a helpless thing— When tossed up by the waves onto the beach— Out of its natural element, exposed to air and sunlight— Eight tentacles, formidable, each thrice the body's length— Armed with 100 vacuum cups, com bined fingers, hands, arms— Each cup a mouth, as well as a closing fist— Two dull eyes, in connecting neck, registering light and shade— Huge oval sack, all openings at the mouth— If met in the water, where lubri cation is from the sea— It can give battle to anything but shark and barracuda— Python, multiplied by eight, plus sucking mouths which paralyze— Extractor of substance from other living creatures— With brains strung all through those gripping arms and sucking cups— Perfect holding company image— That octopusic corporation para site— Which operates under dusk of law, names, privileges— Feeding 011 all it touches, giving out nothing— Combining in one sack its income from other useful bodies— Its eyesight, derived from lawyers' cunning— Discerns lights and shades of legal things— While its component suckers seek life juices of victims— Feeding profits from these into the holding sack. But this legal octopus is also help less— When dragged into sunlight, by public indignation— Actions, taken on lawyers' counsel— Which seemed once clever to a Hop son— In full glare of public gaze are seen for what they are— As functions of a sucking vampire on the public weal— Which cannot bear light of day, nor heat of public scorn— Its subtle tricks, and intricate ma chinations— All suddenly foolish, futile, un reason, and mere crime— Condemning their creator to a felon's cell— Dethroned from power and arro gance. Corporations have no existence apart from public law— To call them persons, give them per sonal perquisites— Crown them with privilege, endow ed with human powers— Contradicts the social purpose of laws which create them— Logical trend of private corpor ations in anti-social— Feeding on the. body politic and the general welfare— Deep sea divers carry knives— Slash arms of octopuses from the central sack— Whereupon the menacing monster, which seemed a personality— Becomes mere thing, drifting off in pieces, helpless—• Corporation lawyers insist their pets are persons— But corporations are only legal fictions, minus personality— Creatures of the law, imaginations of courts and counsel— Have clothed them with superhuman power and prestige— (iiven these filmy fictions stings and tentacles— When stripped of these fictitious perquisites— Corporation holding companies are seen for what they are— Mere creatures of imaginings, vul nerable to honest attack— Falling apart with weight of their own parasitic apparatus— When exposed to common knowl edge of their functions. LABOR PARTY PLANS BRITISH AID DRIVE New York City (ILNS).—Plat is for an active drive to raise funds for British war relief work were made at a meeting of •the American Labor party. The campaign will he formally inaugurated at a big mass meeting. The campaign will center on efforts to raise money for mobile canteen to be sent to England and for other re lief needs of the civilian population of bombed cities. The committee voted the drive following endorsement of the lease-lend bill. Several Labor party units, particu larly in Bronx borough, are working for British relief and are collecting clothing and other articles, which are being forwarded through the British Relief Society. At the committee meeting it was urged that American labor should do all in its power to help Britain. Com mittee members said that a Nazi vic tory might'endanger gains that labor has made here in the last few dec ades and that, therefore, the Ameri can Labor party, as such, has a vital interest in German defeat. i COMMENT ON WORLD I EVENTS I The English often show surprising patience but there's a limit to all things, as indicated by their recent suppression of the Communist Daily Worker of London and a small weekly Communist paper on the ground they were obstructing Britain's war effort by deliberately promoting a spirit of defeatism. Herbert Morrison, labor leader and Home Secretary, told Parliament that attention of the Daily Worker had been called to provisions of the de fense regulations and the hope was expressed that the paper would so conduct itself as to prevent the neces sity of action. "That hope was not realized and after careful consideration the gov ernment has decided it would not be justifiable to allow these newspapers to continue any longer," Morrison said. Alfred Duff Cooper, Minister of In formation, told the press that the sup pression of the Communist papers was entirely a war measure resulting from their anti-war activity. Referring to the Daily Worker, he said: "In no other country would such a newspaper have been allowed to con tinue for so long in war time." Cooper's statement could hardly have been more conservative. As a matter of fact, most of the demo cratic nations would probably act much sooner than Britain did, if con fronted by a similar case. Of course, in the totalitarian nations, papers that obstructed war efforts would be lucky if they made a single appearance. One issue devoted to a policy of de featism would bring the concentration camp or worse for the editors. But the British, long devoted to principles of free speech and free press, permitted the Communist sheets for many months to follow a policy calculated to "weaken the will of the people," in the words of Home Secre tary Morrison. The British even permitted the Daily Worker its day in Parliament and opponents of the government freely denounced the suppression of the paper. All had a chance to talk, including the single Communist mem ber. At the end of the debate, the government action was approved by a vote of 297 to 11. Morrison, while deploring the neces sity of squelching the Daily Worker took full responsibility and said: "The Communist party is the last party 011 earth to claim the privilege of democratic government." Democracy for the Communists and their friends is an "outworn bourgeois creed of the nineteenth century," he added, again explaining that th** Daily Worker had been warned months ago. The whole episode showed British hesitation to invoke autocratic meth ods, even in the fact of desperate peril, and indicates they must have become convinced that action against the Communist papers was absolutely necessary under the circumstances. W A N E Glass makers in St. Helens, England, announce they have per fected a means of welding metal to glass. The new process h.iK been used for making electric heaters by spraying aluminum in the form of wire in a zigzag pat tern on specially heated glass. An electric current is then passed through the long path so formed. *1* "l* 'J* 't* C* '."J* ***+}?&& I W I S O I tolerate with the utmost lati tude the rights of others to differ with me in opinions, without im puting to them criminality. —Thomas Jefferson. BEST SPRING BUILDING SEASON IN 1$ YEARS SEEN BY THE I HA Washington, D. C. (ILNS).—Sharp gains in new home construction activ ity under the FHA program during recent weeks are probably foreshadow ing the largest spring building season within the past 13 years, Federal Housing Administrator Abner H. Fer guson announced. In the three weeks ended January 25, new home construction started un der FHA inspection showed an expan sion of 6X per cent over the compar able period of last year. At the same time, applications for FHA mortgage insurance on new homes to be built under its inspection have been 35 per cent larger than a year ago. Although there is usually a winter let-down in building activity, an aver age of between 450 and 500 small homes were started each working day under FHA inspection in the three weeks. The total for the period, in cluding several hundred new small homes being financed under Title I of the National Housing Act, was 7,768 as compared with 4,630 in the cor responding weeks of HMO. Applications for FHA mortgage in surance 011 new small homes to be financed under Section 203 of the Act, which affords a reliable barometer of future building activity have been coming in at the rate of almost 600 each working day. Abk for Union Labeled Merchandise. Thursday, February 6,1941 The Cherry Tree Where We Hatchet Out The Truth MUSSOLINI'S THREATS "MADE IN BERLIN" DON'T SCARE BRITISH OR AMERICANS It has been said that a Revolution is no gentleman. It may well be said that war is no laughing matter. But there is some humor to be gleaned when one scans his morning newspaper and sees the picture of Mussolini whipped to a frazzle in Al bania and in Africa, then turns to II Duce's morning warning to the United States. Of course Mussolini's threats are all plainly labelled "Made in Berlin" but it only adds to the grim humor of the situation. In Albania mountain Greek meets valley Greek and they show the Italian troops that what they had been told was just a case of walking over the feeble bodies of male ballet dancers has turned to a different kind of a dance. Instead of hearing the swish of tarletan skirts, the unhappy Italians hear the shriek of sharpnel, the whine of bullets and then see across snow swept spaces the gleaming long bay onets of the defenders. In Africa, Mussolini's armies have been either captured or dispersed by the laughing Australians who see in Mussolini nothing but a loud noise. All this we see in the morning paper, then we turn to the warning of dire things to happen to the United States if any assistance is rendered to England or if neutrality as defined by Hitler shall be violated. The propaganda of spreading fear falls as a dud when it lands in the United States. It does not click in England where the people have be come accustomed to the threats, the making of fierce war mask faces and loud hysterical shouts of the dreadful things that are in store for all who do not immediately sue for peace. It is the old first World War idea jf "schrecklicheit," frightfulness that will make the enemy shrink in terror and cower before the coming of the conqueror. It did not work on that oc casion and it will not work now. That propaganda falls as flat as the stories about the superiority of a race so mechanized and regimented that every man and every woman has lost his or her identity with their freedom. While it has been ground into them that they slavery is an honorable badge of pride and patriotism they are held up to us as a strong, brave and noble people and we are told our in dependence and freedom is character istic of a weakling race. There is where the American laughs, loud, defiant Homeric laughter. He laughs at the two world clowns who will go down into history as amazing characters of weakness, insanity and futility. We have listened long enough to the ravings of two psychopathies who are running amok as two lunatics at large. Their antics have been amus ingly funny but following our laugh ter, which will have grown hard, harsh, defiant and angry, they will find what laughing men can do to them. People of the United States havo gone through great wars, suffered great hardships and privations and survived and laughed through it all. We shall continue to laugh our defi ance, show that courage and fortitude is a part of the heritage of free peo ple, a people who laugh at the antics of dictators who seek to frighten them with obscure threats of dire and dreadful reprisals if they do not bow to the will of the ruthless maniacs now running amok in Europe. Wc shall not be merely giving them the old razzberry, we will be sending it over with our compliments and the imprint, "Made in the U. S. A. where Men are Free." Expelled Union Official Carries Case To Court Seattle, Wash. (ILNS).—Charges of Communism within the Boeing Air craft Company local of the A. F. of L. Aeronautical Mechanics Union will be aired in court. Donald R. Keepler, deposed vice president of the local, has filed suit for re-establishment of his union membership and $21,500 damages. He. charged that the special union trial board which convicted him of Com munist activity "lacked substantial evidence" in support of its verdict and that a union meeting at which the finding was upheld was called il legally. Under a union shop contract he lost his job at the Boeing plant, where he said he had been employed for eight years and was earning about $60 a week. Superior Judge Malcolm Douglas signed an alternate writ ordering the defendants to reinstate Keppler or show cause February 10 why they should not. AIR CORPS WANTS MECHANICS Washington, D. C. (ILNS).—The Civil Service Commission has been asked by the Army Air Corps to pro vide ground crews for 50,000 airplanes in J!) 12. Eight thousand civilians are now employed as mechanics in the Air Corps and 20,000 will be needed in the servicing of planes ne .t ear.