Thursday, July 10, 1941
Women's Diseases
Studied By Bureau
Common Types of Occupa
tional Diseases Affecting
Women
Hundreds of women are finding
jobs in defense industries. They are
learning new skills, earning le^ular
wages, finding new personal satisfac
tions. But they are being exposed to
new health hazards.
Practically all industries present
some dangers to workers' health, ac
cording to a bulletin of the Federal
Women's Bureau released today. Some
of these hazards are known, along
with effective means of prevention.
Others arising from new substances
used are particularly treacherous be
cause their effects on the human body
are unknown in advance, and months
may pass before identifiable and often
fatal symptoms appear. If for any
reason protective and preventive
measures in a plant are neglected,
consequent industrial diseases prove
extremely costly to workers and em
employers alike.
While the report points out that
effective action in the field of pre
vention of industrial diseases has
been on the increase, there is danger
that the urgency of the defense pro
gram for quantity production may
mean a relaxation of attention to
plant health problems. This is par
ticularly serious for women workers,
whose illness rate is already higher
than that of men.
The new Women's Bureau bulletin
entitled "The Occurrence and Preven
tion of Occupational Diseases Among
Women," summarizes the records of
State agencies in nine states and spe
cial studies in the field, from 1935 to
3938. Among the most serious job
hazards to women's health are expos
ure to a great variety of harmful
materials, repetitive motion, organic
dusts and abnormalities of tempera
ture and humidity.
Greatly increased interest in prob
lems connected with the diseases of
industry are noted in the report for
the years 1935 to 1939. While at the
close of 1934 only 12 states, three ter
ritories, the District of Columbia and
the Federal Government compensated
for occupational diseases, by the close
of the legislative sessions of 1939 the
number of such laws had doubled. Im
portant also were the amendments to
three state laws which added to the
schedule of diseases to be compensat
ed in the state "any and all other oc
cupational diseases." The importance
of this "blanket provision" covering
any illness that is occupational in
character is seen when workers in
states without such provisions, seri
ously injured by some new and un
listed diseases, cannot receive com
pensation. Progress has also been
shown in the development of state
industrial hygiene projects.
The most common types of occu
pational disease affecting women as
shown by the reports from eight of
the states are as follows:
Dermatitis or skin infection caused
by exposure to many substances in
eluding cleaning agents, dyes, vege
tables, fruits, plants, dusts, rubber
oils and greases, other chemicals
Synovitis and other diseases result
ing from repetitive movement pres
sure, or vibration, as operating a ma
chine, packing or wrapping package.
folding, typing or continuous use of
hand tools
Lead poisoning
Volatile solvent poisoning resulting
from use of such substances as ben
zol, carbon tetrachloride, wood alco
hoi, amido benzine and naphthalene
Other systemic poisoning following
exposure to substances, such as ra
dium, hydrofluoric acid, dye and ga
fumes
Chrome ulcerations from exposure
to chromic acid in the plating, dip
ping, and scrubbing of metal stamp
ing
Respiratory diseases from work in
dusty occupations and
Contagious diseases such as tuber
culosis, scarlet fever, measles, etc.
The report shows clearly that where
the danger of exposure to a specific
hazard is known, adequate preventa
tive steps can be taken. An example
cited was the occurrence of an un
usually large number of cases of lead
poisoning reported in one year in
Ohio. Practically all the women af
fected were employed in glass fac
tories, the men in automobile plants
When proper precautionary measure
were adopted in these plants the
cases of lead poisoning the year flo
lowing dropped from 195 to 55.
The evidence is conclusive that
there is a continual need for constant
check on the use not only of sub
stances known to be poisonous but on
those whose dangerous or harmless
potentialties have not as yet been
determined.
The extent to which women hav
been exposed to industrial hazards
shown through a report form a study
(if industrial health problems con
ducted in Pennsylvania in 1934. I
1G.000 manufacturing establishments
covcred, 228,000 women were exposed
to organic dusts, 19,000 to abnormal
ties of temperature and humidity, 14
000 to repeated motion pressure and
shock, 12,000 to metals, 7,300 to in
organic nonmetallic dusts, 0,000 to
paints etc., 4,500 to lead and its com
pounds, and additional hundreds of
women to other hazards.
Though in the prevention of indu
trial diseases, the importance of sep
arate lunchrooms, adequate whole
some drinking water, adequate wash
ing and toilet facilities has been con
tinuously emphasized by health au
thorites and reflected in State legis
'ottery Newsreel
Boosted By Eble
Captain Says There Is 22%
Gain In "Buy American"
Consciousness
Editors Note:—Captain F. X. A.
Eble spoke to the delegates to the
49th annual convention last week. The
first half of his address, in which he
urged the nation to prepare for peace
in time of war, appeared in last
week's Herald. The remainder fol
lows:
Third, there is no other industry in
the United States which is as vulner
able to attack from foreign manufac
turers as is the American Chinaware
and Pottery Industry. The American
market has always been an oasis for
imported china and pottery. This is
especially true of Japanese products,
and when the war is over, you can
est assured that the Pottery Indus
try will be one of the first to feel the
effects of the terrific onslaught that
will be made on the American mar
ket when the soldiers in the armies
of the world lay down their arms and
go back to work in the pottery mills
of Euope and Asia. Just as Hitler
and his armies are over running Eu
ope today because of inadequate de
fense, so will the home markets of
America be over-run in this new eco
nomic war unless we all prepare for
that war and organize a defense that
will be absolutely bomb proof. That
defense is the BUY AMERICAN pro
gram of the MADE IN AMERICA
CLUB. Why? Simply because our
whole campaign is directed toward
consumer education.
In the final analysis, who is it that
purchases the products you manufac
ture Who is it that goes into the
5 & 10's, department stores, and gen
eral stores throughout the nation and
picks up the cups and saucers and
examines them with the idea of re
plenishing the household stock? Why
it is the housewife, of course! Yes
the women of America, I'll wager
buy ninety-five per cent of the prod
ucts you men make. Therefore, your
jobs are in their hands. Your wel
fare and the security of your families
rest with the women of America who
spend seventy-five per cent of our na
tional income. It is to the women of
America that we must continue to
make our appeal.
Seven years ago, when the MADE
IN AMERICA CLUB first started op
erations, we made it a practice to go
into 5 & 10's talking with managers
buyers and the sales girls who told
us that only two or three people out
of every hundred pick up cups and
saucers and plates and look for the
mark of the country of origin. In
other words, seven years ago 97 per
cent of the American women were in
terested in price and not in the label
MADE IN U. S. A. They were not
BUY AMERICAN conscious then
Today it is somewhat different. Go
into the 5 & 10's and check with the
store managers and clerks and they
will tell you that twenty-five out of
every hundred persons going into the
stores are BUY AMERICAN minded
They will also tell you that they are
really MADE IN AMERICA label
conscious. You have helped to bring
this about. We have all done our bit
along this line. Mr. Ornburn and the
Union Label Trades Department and
the various locals of the American
Federation of Labor throughout the
nation have also been doing a good
job on the BUY UNION LABEL pro
gram which has helped the general
BUY AMERICAN campaign.
All of us can share in the credit for
making twenty-five per cent of the
consumers of America BUY AMERI
CAN conscious but that twenty-five
per cent is not enough. We want to
make it fifty or seventy-five per cent
Indeed, we should make it 100 per
cent. We have only scratched the
surface.
When I realize that the MADE IN
AMERICA CLUB, with its limited
funds, radio programs and the sup
port we receive from many fraternal
societies and patriotic citizens
throughout the nation, has been able
to do its part to awaken in the con
sciousness of the American people to
the necessity of giving first prefer
ence to American-made products. It
shows what could be done if a little
more encouragement is given to our
work and the program we are spon'
soring.
Now, to give you a little idea of
how our program operates—the
daughter of one of our consumer
members in Queens, New York, was
married the other day to a young man
who was just graduated from West
Point. There were many gifts, in
eluding a tea set, made in Japan. The
marking was almost entirely oblit
erated. This is one other thing we
are constantly combatting in Wash
ington with the Customs officials and
with the Federal Trade Commission
—the improper marking of foreign
merchandise.
The young lady was of course em
barrassed when she saw this tea set
was Made in Japan. Her mother was
a member of the Made in America
lation and safety regulation in gen
eral, nevertheless, the same survey of
Pennsylvania firms found over nine
tenths of the establishments without
a lunchroom and over half without
cloakroom. A fourth of all the fac
tories provided only common drinking
cups and almost as many provided
common towels. There were 600
plants furnishing no drinking facili
ties whatsoever and 700 furnishing
no toilet facilities. Unsatisfactory
outdoor toilets were provided in 2,000
other industrial plants.
Club and had signed our pledge. After
conference between mother, bride
and groom, they decided to return the
gift, which was done in a Very diplo
matic way. Now, I am quite posi
tive if we did not indoctrinate the
mother with the principles of our
BUY AMERICAN philosophy, this
Japanese tea set would never have
been returned. I want to also state
that our Buy American princples re
ceived a lot of publicity at the wed
ding because the return of the gift
received the unanimous approval of
all.
I could cite to you hundreds of in
stances of this nature—not alone in
chinaware and pottery, but in glass
ware, rugs, matches, gloves and all
kinds of foreign merchandise but
again I appeal to you that we have
only scratched the surface in our
campaign. Our BUY AMERICAN
philosophy should be thoroughly in
doctrinated in the hearts of all the
people and I feel like a preacher
standing before his flock, asking for
funds to support the economic philos
ophy we all so thoroughly believe in.
I do hope you good people will see
the wisdom of not alone renewing the
support you gave us last year, but
that you will expand it so that the en
tire membership of the National
Brotherhood of Operative Potters will
be enrolled in the Made In America
Club.
I have many plans for an expansion
of our work and one in particular
which I have thought of for many
years has been a fifteen-minute
newsreel—one that will be education
al and a real human interest story
showing the standard of living in
China, Japan and other foreign coun
tries in the Pottery Industry but it
must be done in a way that will give
this picture an appeal so that schools
colleges, churches and theaters
throughout the nation will ask for it
Such a newsreel could be prepared
either in conjunction with the U. S
Potters Association and National
Brotherhood, or it could be a distinct
ly Brotherhood program, one that
could give the history of the National
THE POTTERS HERALD
Brotherhood, show what it has done
for the pottery workers and for the
prestige of labor urnons in stressing
the harmonious relations that have
existed between you and your em
ployers for the past fifty years.
Such a newsreel would run into
money of course but we have a plan
and program whereby we can produce
a first-class newsre»-l at a saving of
about sixty per cent. Please bear in
rnind this picture would be in sound
and color—yes, colored beautifully.
Some day I hope we can all get to
gether—the National Brotherhood of
Operative Potters, the United States
Potters Association and the Made In
America Club—on a definitely worth
while newsreel that will show the
American public the class, style, qual
ity and design of American-made pot
tery, and dinnerware in a way that
will be impressive and convince the
American people that American-made
pottery is as good as, in fact better
than that made anywhere else in the
world.
The work of the MADE IN AMER
ICA CLUB must continue so as to
help in laying a good foundation for
the post war period. We are not sat
isfied with the several million women
who have signed our pledge—we want
every woman in America made BUY
AMERICAN conscious. Let us en
roll the women in every village, town
hamlet and city throughout this na
tion in the MADE IN AMERICA
CLUB.
I want to impress upon you in clos
ing that we have the most wonderful
opportunity to put forth a program
that will be worth while. Right now
the people are thinking in terms of
our own, which is after all the funda
mental principle of the successful
BUY AMERICAN campaign. Our
work must go hand in hand with the
efforts of all true Americans to in
still in our hearts a greater love for
our country, a more profound respect
for our flag, and a deeper sense of
appreciation for our Constitution and
democratic form of government and
what these all mean to our citizens
I wish to take this opportunity to
•Source: National Industrial
Conference Board
K
..TT"
thank the Potters Picnic Committee
for the splendid donation of $200
which the Made In America Founda
tion received following last month's
great outing in Youngstown.
The MADE IN AMERICA CLUB,
although primarily a BUY AMERI
CAN institution is also a patriotic
organization. We are opposed to all
"isms"
that are
in conflict with fun
damental Americanism. All these
"isms" look alike to us whether they
be labeled Communism, Nazism or
Fascism. We have only one "ism" in
our program and that is AMERICAN
ISM. Preaching Americanism goes
hand in hand with our BUY AMERI
CAN program. You never met a
Communist who was a BUY AMERI
CAN enthusiast.
In closing on behalf of the officers
and members of the MADE IN
AMERICA CLUB throughout the na
tion, I want to extend to you our sin
cere thanks for the support arid co
operation the members of the Nation
al Brotherhood of Operative Potters
have given us in the past, arid I am
going to renew our pledge of faith in
our American institutions as mani
iii the A iiicrican's 1 i/1.
8
The Cost of Clean Clothes and Linens in U. S.
$446,000,000 a Year
Pand
GP
William Tyler Page:
"I believe in the United States of
America as a government of the peo
ple, by the people, for the people
whose just powers are derived from
the consent of the governed a de
mocracy in a Republic a sovereign
Nation of many sovereign States a
perfect Union, one and inseparable
established upon those principles of
freedom, equality, justice and human
ity for which American pariots sacri
ficed their lives and fortunes.
"I therefore believe it is my duty
to my Country to love it to support
its Constitution to obey its laws to
respect its flag.... and to defend it
against all enemies."
THE BIGGER MARVEL
She had spent most of the morning
telling her class of evacuees some
thing of the wonders of Nature. At
the finish, she thought she'd scored a
point.
"And isn't it wonderful how the lit
tie chickens get out of their shells'."
But one quick-witted little nine
year-old went one better.
"What gets me, miss, is how they
gf ii.."
RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT
The Great and Supreme Ruler of the Universe has, in his infi
nite wisdom, removed from our midst our friend and fellow worker,
Carrie Dunlevv. We, the members of Local Union No. 20, Steu
benville, Ohio, recognize the loss of this sister, who was respected
and loved by all of her fellow workers therefore, be it resolved:
That, we, the members of Local Union No. 20, shall cherish
and respect the memory of her pleasant manner and loyalty to our
organization.
That, we extend our sincere sympathy to the bereaved family,
our charter to be draped in mourning for a period of thirty days,
a copy of these Resolutions to be published in our official journal,
The Potters llerald, a copy spread upon the minutes of the Local,
and a copy sent to the bereaved family.
BERNIECE HESS,
JOSEPH F. GUNKEL,
HARRY ROGERS,
Committee of Local No. 20.
ERSONAL Appearance Durability even
Health are dependent upon proper laundering
cleaning of wearing apparel. The annual
amount of $446,000,000, so well spent by this Nation
with commercial laundries and dry cleaners to uphold
our standards of living, is more than half the amount
paid for all of the services that Electricity furnishes
in the homes of this country for adequate light*
ing for home laundry including fifteen million
washing machines and twenty-three million electric
irons and for other electric appliance helps
throughout the home from kitchen to bedrooms,
that guarantee the well nourished, the well kept
family.
ELECtricity Serves You Well—and Cheaply.
The OHIO POWER Co,
szy
i
I
W
PAGE THREE
A SAVINGS ACCOUNT
WITH THIS BANK
Will assure those much needed doll
ars when unexpected emergencies
arise.
Those Individuals who do not enjoy
this favorable position will find our
PERSONAL LOAN
SERVICE
A most convenient and economical
way to meet financial reverses.
When justified, we advance cash on
personal notes at 6% interest a
year plus a $2.00 investigation fee,
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Inquiries treated with strictest
confidence.
The
FIRST NATIONAL
BANK
"East Liverpool's Oldest Bank"
Member Federal Reserve System
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation
SHOE REPAIR VALUES
Ladies' Invisible Soles....59c
Men's Invisible Soles 75c
If you have been unable to wear
your shoes after being repaired in
th^past then demand invisible soles
and give your feet the comfort
they deserve.
Shoes Dyed All Colors
JOHN D. DALLIS
IN THE LITTLE BUILDING
The Man Who Soled E. Liverpool"
Don't Say Bread
Say BETSY ROSS
Goddard Bakers
You Can See the Cream
ALWAYS USE
Cream Top
MILK BOTTLES
THEY ARE SANITARY
Used Exclusively By
Golden Star Dairy
Phone 3200
WHERE A SERVICE
MAY BE BEAUTIFUL
WITHOUT BEING
COSTLY
MARTIN
Funeral Home
145 West Fifth St
PHONE 365
Ohio and W. Va.
License
Ferguson H. Kind
Coal Company
Pittsburgh and W. Va.
Splint Coal
PHONES Office 934
Home 693
Railroad and Belleck Streets
THE PLIGHT OF FINLAND
(From the New York Times)
Bitterness against the Soviets and
desire to recover the territory lost
last year are strong in Finland.
Bombed by the Russians, who in turn
claim that Finland permitted its ter
ritory to be used as a base of Ger
man air attacks, the Finns have now
joined the German war against Rus
sia.
The Finnish Government and the
Finnish people have been in a most
difficult position. Nobody could have
expected them to fight on the Russian
side. The most that was hoped for
was that they might maintain a pre
carious neutrality between their old
enemy and the Nazi aggressors. Ob
viously this is the attitude they want
ed to take. The wounds of last
year's struggle are not yet healed,
and physical and economic exhaustion,
plus a stubborn allegiance to demo
cratic principles, made them pro
foundly reluctant to participate in the
present conflict.
Like all small nations, all they
wanted was to be let alone. They
gave valiant proof last year of their
determination to defend their inde
pendence. Without outside help they
fought as no little people except the
Greeks have fought against an over
powering invader.