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JACKSON ADVOCATE PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI A Member Of The Audit Bureau Circulations Make all checks payable to the Jackson Advocate; Address, 406% North Farish Street. Phone, Office . FL 2-1617 Phone, Society Editor . FL 2-1213 “In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, but in all things that affect our mutual progress and development we can be together as the hand.”—Booker T. Washington. Entered as Second Class Matter in the Post Office at Jackson, Miss., July 13, 1945 under Act of Congress, March 13, 1879. PERCY GREENE.Editor and Publisher FRANCES REED GREENE.Society Editor Subscription Rates: One Year $4.00. Six months $2.50 by mail anywhere in the United States and to Service Men overseas. Foreign, One Year $6.00. Six Months $3.50. SUBSCRIPTION RATES All Subscriptions Due And Payable In Advance ONE YEAR $4.00 SIX MONTHS $2.50 National Advertising Representatives AMALGAMATED PUBLISHERS. INC. 310 Madison Ave. New York 17, N.Y. MUrray Hill 2-5452 Oxford Mississippi And History It is the Constitution of the United States which emerges from the events at Oxford, Mis sissippi with fresh strength. This is the already as sured outcome of an otherwise tragic affair. It is always difficult to pull back from im mediate excitement and take the long view, espec ially as no one yet knows how the race will go be tween the forces of order in Mississippi and the hard coi'e of those who promote disorder. The Constitution has already won. Social change of the most fundamental nature is taking place by comparatively peaceful means. That is the heart of the matter. There could have been prolonged repression in the deep south fol lowed by fiery revolution and counterrevolution. Or a dictator could have brought the change with deceptive calm, only to pile up all this fury inside people until it exploded against him. Under the United States Constitution some form of confrontation had to take place. Actually it was a complex of forces moving to open Ole Miss: votes, trends of public opinion, political agi tation, court decisions, actions by the administra tive branch of government, backstage efforts of pressure and persuasion. These underlay the mass ing of federal marshals and troops, the rioting of students, the shooting episodes, the armed occupa tion of the campus. Inwardly there was another kind of change: the great, wrenching dismay of men and women torn loose from their regional convictions and forced into a new kind of society they abhor by an ir resistable propulsion of events. The resulting depth of personal and group feelings could not be avoided, nor could a confron tation. For the conflicting forces lay deep inside the thinking of people on both sides. The question, then, is not the existence of po tentially explosive forces. They exist. The ques tion is how best to bring an adjustment between them when the balance of power is shifting, when one is losing control and the other is taking con trol. It is surely demonstrated that the best way out is through the heroism of a people which ac cepts the rule of law even when it hurts. By any other means the new social order at Oxford would have brought far greater conflict. All the constitutional tradition and the moderating force of American government and society bore down on those movements when the responsible governing authorities of Mississippi decided to give way without fighting and only an irresponsible group of students and agitators remained adamant. All these same steadying influences will somehow prevail over whatever further difficulties may arise on the Oxford campus. This is a moment to see how these intangibles of the constitutional system. However impatient both sides may be right now, however appalling the immediate news, a profound political and social change is working itself out by the best means available in this still imperfect world—The Chris tian Science Monitor. 16 Years Legal Age For Farm Employment During School Hours Mobile, Ala., Sept. — (Spec ial) — “Farmers who hire extra hands to harvest their fall crops should be aware of the Child Labor provisions of the Fair La bor Standards Act. It establish es a 16-year minimum for em ployment of boys and girls in agriculture during school hours.’ That statement was made here today by O’Neill Barrett, supervisor of the Mobile. Wage Hoar office at Room 406, 951 Government Street Building. Members of his field staff are charged with administering pro visions of the Federal law in the Gulf Coast area. “Boys and girls of any age may work on farms before school, after school, on week ends and on school holidays, but employment for those under 16 is prohibited when classes are in session in the child’s home district,” Barrett pointed out. He stressed the importance of all youngsters returning to school when ho said, “In this \ decade the need for educational attainment is greater than ever before. The future success of our young people is related di rectly to the amount of school ing they now receive. The school room is the proper place for children when school is in ses sion.” Barrett urged that farmers who hire young people as extra hands this fall insist that each provide an age certificate show ing that he is at least 16 years I of age. These are issued by lo cal school authorities in Ala bama and Florida. In Missis sippi they are issued by Louis F. Provine, supervisor of the Jackson Wage - Hour office, Room 320-A, Post Office Build ing. A special booklet setting out the provisions of the Child-La bor regulations has been issued by the U. S. Department of La bor. These are available without charge from the Mobile Wag» Hour office. Morgan Says: UN Shouldn’t Be Forced to Act ‘Like a Beggar in the Street’ By Edward P. Morgan (This column is excerpted from the nightly broadcasts of Edward P. Morgan, ABC commen tator sponsored by the AFL-CIO. Listen to Mor gan over the ABC network Monday through Friday at 7 p. m., EDT.) Before the world series engulfs us, a few words are in order about the United Nations. How fortunate it is, by the way, that this remarkable arena was not organized along the lines of an athletic contest. Somebody once remarked that if the planet Was impatient to have worm war m anti gei u over with its coming could be quickened by holding the Olympic games more frequently. It is hard to find a more belligerently passionate partisan than a sports fan and hell hath no fury like the wrath of a Dodg er supporter spurned—or at least had none when the team grew in Brook lyn. Morgan But although the diplomatic equivalent of “kill the umpire” has echoed frequently through the great hall of the UN General Assembly and even shoes have been brandished, the organization has held its aplomb on the whole and grown in stature. Cynics cry that it is at best no more than an international debating society or a centralized sounding board for the tom-toms- of propa ganda. Actually it has done a remarkable num ber of peace-keeping jobs and run a constant series of urgent international errands effectively over the last 17 years and this work is becom ing increasingly important. Admittedly the delegates do still incline to be enchanted with the sound of their own words too often. If they can bear to take some counsel from an American it is already available in the text of a speech delivered to the American Asso ciation of the United Nations in New York by Harlan Cleveland, assistant secretary of state for international organization affairs. The General Assembly,” he said, “is not an outdoor protest rally,” but an indoor delibera tive body. If it “gets the reputation of an or ganization whose main job is passing large, shining resolutions whose only discernible merit consists of the symbolism of protest,” he warned, “then its growing power will be re duced—which would be bad for every country -- " ■■■ " . -t ■- - —- '■ I that is glad to be equal with every other country as a member of the General Assembly.** This equality business—in which, for example, the U.S. Assembly vote is equaled by Upper Vol ta’s—has bothered the bigger powers. Indeed the still burgeoning Afro-Asian bloc can and does out-vote the western alliance. Recently observers have noted a slight thaw ing in the glacial coolness of De Gaulle’s France toward the UN and all its works. Judicious queries elicited the reply from the French delegation that with 16 former French African colonies now full fledged members of the world organization, France must follow' UN developments closely. THE ADDED FACT IS that France still has important ties with and huge stakes in these “freed” countries which could easily be jeopard ized if Paris continued a haughty attitude toward the one international body the new nations are finding so important. Another incipient development is being watched with hopeful care. As some of our western allies become ex-colonial powers — notably the Netherlands and Belgium—they seem to approach larger world issues with a less de fensive and parochial view. Conceivably this could be happening to France, too. Still the growing community of interest can’t run on good wishes alone. The UN which, as Cleveland noted, directly involves 55.000 people spending more than hall a billion dollars of the world’s money, has to be financed. This means that members must pay their dues. In July the World Court in an advisory opinion ruled, in effect, that member states are legally bound to pay the assessments decided by the Assembly. This can clear the way to pressure states in arrears on special levies for such operations as the Congo and the Middle East UN force to pay up or lose their General Assembly vote. There is bound to be a flaming row on this issue but in a major speech Chief U.S. Delegate Adlai Stevenson indicated the Kennedy Admin istration was preparing for some kind of show down on it. Washington is in a much stronger position than it was before Congress passed the bill authorizing the President to buy $100 mil lion of UN bonds. Stevenson asked the Genera! Assembly to act to compel members to share all costs and keep the IN from acting “like a beggar in the street.** A vital companion action is to pressure the er rant Tshombe of Katanga to come to terms with Leopoldville, as he has pledged, within a Con golese union. His cynical intransigence accounts for most of the $10 million a month-the U.N. Congo operation costs. ----1---1 Union Push Urged To End Poll Tax In a letter written on the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation, AFL-CIO Pres. George Meany has called on the federation’s state bodies “to begin at once” campaigns to assure speedy ratification of the constitutional amendment to abolish the poll tax. 7 The amendment, enacted by th<* present session of Congress, re quires ratification by 38 states— three-fourths of the total—to be come effective. Stressing the urgency of the drive, Meany asked officials of the state federations to “keep me in formed as to your efforts in reach ing that objective.” Meany noted that organized labor had long fought for aboli tion of the pod tax simply through an act of Cougrem rather than the more complex method of amending the Consti tution. He ndded however, that It was the outcome of the fight, not the method, that counted. The AFL-CIO president urged each state federation to “take the lead in organizing a broad com munity effort to make ratification of the 24th amendment the first border of business when your state, legislature next assembles.” ' \vNo activity could be more ap propriate for the labor movement, historically dedicated to freeing mankind from every, form of dis crimination and oppression,” he declared. Meany recalled that the last pre vious amendment, giving citizens of the District of Columbia the right to vote in Presidential elections, had been ratified in less than two years. “That record most be sor pamed,” he mged. “By the 1964 election, the fasst legal barrier to the free exercise of the franchise by ai citizens, in all states, should be cleared away at bat” ANNUAL WHITE HOUSE meeting between Pres. Kennedy and leaders of united and community fund drives was attended by AFL-CIO Vice Pres. Joseph A. Beirne (second from right), a vice president of. the United Community Funds & Councils of America, chairman of the AFL-CIO Community Services Committee and president of the Communications Workers. Others standing behind the president, from left to right, are Lee H. Bristol, 1962 chairman of the United Community Campaigns of America: William Calo miris, chairman of the Washington United Givers Fund, and Albert R. Stevens, vice chairman of the United Community Campaigns of America. The picture was taken before Bristol’s sudden death. Goldberg Confirmed To High Court Former Labor. Sec. Arthur J. Goldberg will be sworn in as an associate justice of the Supreme Court Oct. I when the court opens its fall term. The Senate swiftly confirmed his nomination by voice vote after re ceiving a unanimous recommenda tion for approval from its Judiciary Committee. The vole followed a bipartisan round of tributes to the new high court justice, led by the senators from his home state of Illinois, Everett M. Dirksen (R) and Paul H. Douglas (D). Douglas predicted a distin guished career for Goldberg as a member of the high court. “He is not afraid to be unpop ilar in defense of his convic tions; and I know that he will serve with a high, single purpose the welfare of the nation,” Doug las said. Dirksen hailed “the character, the fiber, the patriotism, and fidel ity of Arthur Goldberg” and sup ported his nomination “unequivo cally.” The only note of dissent came from Sen. Strom Thurmond (D S.C.), who without explanation asked that be be recorded in op position. Goldberg succeeds former Jus tice Felix Frankfurter, who retired last month. He is the second high court justice to be appointed by Pres. Kennedy, the first being Byron R. White. -* Tamed Oats The new hired hand was sleep ing soundly when the farmer awakened him at 4:00 in the morning. "Come on, get up,” he called. “We’re going to cut oats today.” “Are they wild oats?” asked the helper sleepily. “Of course not,” replied the farmer. Pulling his blanket over his head, the farmhand grumbled, “Then why do we have to sneak up on them in the dark?” * * * Not Pure ..“Do you smoke? he asked. “No.” “Do you drink?” “No.” “Do you neck?” “No.” “Well, what do you do for fun?” “I tell lies ” * * * Dirt is not dirt, but only some- | thing in the wrong place. —Palmerton. LABOR'S HELP has been asked for the proposed National Cultural Center, to be built on the banks of the Potomac River in Washington to provide facilities for the performing aits. AFL^ClO Pres. George Meany, a trustee of die center, has. urged state and local central bodies to cooperate when a Nov. 29 closed-circuit telecast Is shown in various cities to raise funds for the center. -,-1 Dead Wood f*_7 I Meredith... (Continued From Page One) In Stockholm, the newspaper Expressen said ‘‘the spokesmen for segregation are not waring more than a delaying fight against the development. They are doomed to lose the fight. This Is the only heartening element In the other wise depiessing spectacle now tak ing place ai the University of Mis sissippi.” The Pans newspaper L’Aurore culled the “James Meredith Story Mor^ Than Saddening.” 'The Americans will probably feel that, we understand poorly, f.om here, these outbursts from another age. for and against the admission of a black student to a ,university.” the LAuroer said. “Hitler, then, has not cured the "world of racism? There are, then, in a country, in a so - called moo el civilization, still people who dis tinguish between their kind accor ding to the color of their skin . and this while satellites continue their orbits, while sp»ce begins to give up its secrets The East German news service AIN said Friday in Berlin that the federal government has “bow ed to the fanatical racists in Mis sissippi and nostponed the regis tration of James Meredith. “- His attempt to enter the Univc.sity of Mississippi has been blocked by the resistance 01 race fanatics’,*’ it said. The Soviet government news paper i/.vrstia claimed the United States *overnment had "shameful ly capitulated” in the face of suc cessful scrurgntionist attempts to bar Meredith Six Teenagers Arrested In Bus Attack Atlanta, Georgia, Sept 29— Six teenagers were arrested by police Thursday night after an of ficer came lo Hit aid of a Citv of Atlanta bus driver 'hiring a distur bance or. his vehicle, police re ported. Bus Ope ator S W. Bond said that he hailed Officer A. Olivers at the corner of Rockwell and McDaniel Sts., to assist in bringing the teenagers umW control. One bell cord and window were broken during the disturbance, officers said. He stated that the youths were standing on the hits hollo ing cursing, and destroying advertisin' cards inside the b”s. Knives, and saber type dirk: were '•onfistnlr.l irom Ilia six boy: after tliev wore arrested and soil to Juvenile ITon.e oil charges o D ft. Malicious Mischief and Viol alii.n of the Knife Ordinance. It s'ceo. tluiiee wiih Genrg.i.t law Dailies of the \ emtio; under 17 years -old aie withheld -o-: N. Y. Teachers Ask Revision In State Aid New York—The United Federa tion of Teachers has called on the legislature to change the state aid formula worked out last year with the help of Gov. Nelson A. Rocke feller. The formula discriminates against the New York City school system in at least two respects, UFT Legis lative Rep. Alice Marsh told a com mittee hearing called by Assembly man Fred W. Preller: • The city will receive less state aid per child for the 1962-63 school year than for the current year. • Contrary to what the legisla tors understood, the city schools were not placed on a current basis for receipt of state aid. Next April the city will be forced, Mrs. Marsh testified, to borrow $61 million to make up for the delayed payment by the state. The onion spokesman urged the legislature to correct the law by putting New York City on a current payment status. In addi tion, a limitation on the amount of reimbursement per child that the city can receive should be removed and other corrections made in the formula, she said. The law was enacted last year after a dispute between the gover nor, a Republican now running for re.-election, and Democratic Mayor Robert Wagner over the formula. The Teachers appealed to Rocke feller to use his influence with the Republican-dominated legislature. It was widely reported thereafter that the law had been amended to put the city on a current basis and give the city school system $13 million more in state aid, but the money will actually be taken out of next year's settlement unless the legislators act, the union said. -- 4 Cleveland Musicians End Separate Locals Cleveland, O.—Musicians Local 4 will be reunited with 200 mem bers who left in 1910 to form a separate local for Negroes. A merger agreement, effective Oct. 1, was signed recently by Pres. Lee Repp of Local 4 and Pres. W. Franklin Simpson of Local 550. ■■■■ — 4 ■ Fellowship Award Won* by CLC Aide Kingston, Ont.—Dr. Bugene A. Forsey, research director of the Canadian Labor Congress since the merger in 1956, hat been appointed | Skeiton-Clark Fellow for 1962*3 I at Queeo’a Uujvanfcy hero. )