Diario las Américas. [volume], January 10, 1958, Image 12

About Diario las Américas. [volume] (Miami, Fla.) 1953-current

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Inter - Ame'lran News
for English -
Speaking people
sth YEAR
O 4 SAN ROMAN C. W. SMITH S SMITH
President Vtc« PreOdenf Vice President
FRAN CISCO AGUIRRE HORACIO AGUIRRE
Vice President and Publish*! Vice President Editor and Manager
Antonio Ruiz Ellseo Rlera*G6mez
Manarlne Editor Advt A Clrc Mgr
Published dal It except Monday Entered as second class matter at the
Post Office of Miami Springs Fla on February 8 195 b
EDITORIAL
POLITICIANS OF EXPERIENCE AND
PROFESSIONAL POLITICIANS
In popular language, a professional politician is the
person who dedicates his life or great part of it to poli
tical activities with the aim of personal gain or the satis
faction of temperamental whims. In reality, the term
“professional politician’’ has a marked meaning of con
tempt, and it is generally used when referring to indivi
duals whose participation in the political life of their
countries has been doleful or harmful for the Republic.
Some times there is a regrettable confusion with
regards to the belief that the discredit of the so-called
“professional politicians’’ includes, blindly and systema
tically, all politicians of experience, because of their age
or because of their long participation in national political
activities.
The citizen who acts in a decorous manner in the
politics of a country, acquiring in this manner adequate
experience, without this meaning, of course, that he has
committed no errors or that he will never commit them
again, usually is a person useful to the political causes
and he can lend important services to the Nation.
The experienced politician may be criticised both by
members of his party or his adversaries, but should not
be systematically disqualified as if he had entered the po
litical arena with the exclusive purpose of obtaining per
sonal gain, as the people do with those identified as “pro
fessional politicians”.
It is necessary to be able to distinguished between
one and the other, so no injustice of appreciation is
committed, and also in order not to waste the knowledge
of those who have acquired it because of their age or
through their intelligence.
The reasonable importance which should be given,
without exaggeration, to politicians of experience, does
not, in any way, close the doors to youth, because, inclu
sively, experience in these politicians teaches them the
great significance which, in all collective movements,
has the support of the youth of today, with their enthu
siasm, their energy, their talent and sincerity.
To systematically refuse the citizens who, without
being out of action due to an advanced age. have gained
experience on a basis of many years of political activity
and intelligent dedication to these aims, is, at least
speaking in general terms, an error.
★ ★★★★★
Latin American Finance
and Trade News Reports
U.S. Investments in the
Latin American Economy
The U.S. Department of Com
merce, in a new study entitles “U.
S. Investments in the Latin Ame
rican Economy ’, presents the first
comprehensive view of the power
ful effects of rast-growing direct
U.S. private foieign investments
—both on economic development
abroad and on the two-way trade
between the U.S and foreign coun
tries.
The new report, announces Ma
rion A. Leonard, Manager, Miami
Field Office, brings out the follow
ing highlights:
1. The book value of United Sta
tes investments in the Latin Ame
rican Republics has grown from
$3 billion in 1946 to over $7 bil
lion a< present The current mark
et value of these enterprises —a
better measure of the size of these
investments in relation to their
current productivity— would be
considerably higher than book va
lue for most industries and, for
the petroleum industry, several
times the book value.
1. These United States companies
produced $2.8 billion of goods
and services for use in Latin Ame
rica, and $2.1 billion of dollar
exports from Latin America in
1955. not including sales of the
trade and service industries. Cu
rrent output )f all U.S. firms in
Latin America would be well over
$5 nillion
3. Production by United States
companies provides 30 per cent
of all Latin American exports, in
addition to providing a large vo
lume of essential manufactures,
raw materials and services for use
in Latin America.
4. U.S. companies generate suf
ficient export earning to pay for
all their imports and income re
mittances to the United States,
and return a direct foreign ex
change surplus of some $9OO mil
lion a year to the countries in the
area.
5 Production by the companies
for local consumption, plus their
net direct gain in foreign exchange
aggregated $3 7 billion in 1955,
giving a measure of their direct
contribution to the Latin American
economy Other contributions not
measurable statistically include the
indirect stimulation of local indus
try and the introduction of mo
dern production and management
methods.
6. Over $4 billion was paid out
ia Latin America by all reporting
The AMEril as Daily
enterprises in 1955 for wages and
salaries, taxes, and local materials,
hervices and equipment. This am
ount representeo about three-quar
ters of their total proceeds from
sales of goods and public utilities.
7. In 1955, actual capital ex
penditures for fixed investment, ad
ditions to inventories, and explo
ration and development were near
ly $6OO million These outlays were
twice as large as the increase in
the book values of the reporting
enterprises, the only measures of
investment previously available.
8. About 625.000 persons were
employed in Latin America by
reporting companies. Only about
9.000 of this to'al were sent from
the United States, and the great
bulk of employment, both in super
visory and othei positions, went to
local personnel
This interesting Study includes
separate sections for Argentina,
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Me
xico, Peru Venezuela, and Cen
tral America, as well as reviews
of individual industries, including
manufacturing, petroleum, mining
and smelting, agriculture, and pu
blic utilities.
For more details on this survey,
informs Mr Leonard, contact your
Miami Field Office of the U.S.
Department of Commerce, locaged
at 316 Post Office Building.
CORN PURCHASED BY
MEXICO APPROVED
WASHINGTON (UP)— The De
partment of Agriculture announc
ed today it had authorized Mexico
to purchase an additional 150,000
metric tons of yellow corn worth
$7,233,000 from the United States
under the U. S. agricultural surplus
law.
In November 1957 the depart
ment authorized Mexico to pur
chases may be paid in foriegn cur
rencies and the money can be used
by the U. S. Embassy to pay for
its expenses as well as for setting
up special U. S. projects such as
trade fairs.
The law also provides that the
United States can take up to 80
per cent of the Mexican pesos and
lend the money to the Mexican
Government or private U. S. or
Mexican firms for approved de
velopment projects.
The Department’s announcement
said that Compahia Exportadora
e Importadora Mexicana, S. A.,
(CEIMSA) of Mexico City, will
make the corn purchases in the
United States
Perus Foreign Policy
Will not Change With
Cabinet Reorganization
LIMA, Jan. 9 (UP) —Peruvian
international policy will continue
along the same line which was set
by the President, Dr. Manuel Pra
do, with the new Foreign Minis
ter, Dr. Victor Andres Belaun
j de, the only new figure in the
Cabinet, which has suffered a se
cond modification since the 28th
of June, 1956.
It seems as if there will be a
change in the economic field, Juan
Pardo Heeren, a well known
businessman and owner of a chain
of newspapers in the Provinces,
irrevocably resigned from the post
of Finance and Commerce Minister
Know thy
Neighbor
By ANTONIO RUIZ
COLOMBIA The Department
of Narino, located in the south of
the Republic, bordering with
Ecuador, has a population estim
ated in 650.000, with an area of
19,708 square miles. Two different
regions form this department,
which borders on the west with
the Pacific Ocean, Ecuador on the
south, the Commtssarie of Amazo
nas on the East and the Depart
ment of Cauca on the north.
One of these regions is formed
by the lowlands of the Pacific,
which have very hot climate, ex
tensive and thick jungles and very
little population. The other is loc
ated in the east, and is mountain
ous and cold, formed by the West
ern and Central Ranges of the An
des, with plateaus, valleys and
deep ravines. The plateau of Tu
querres, at 9,843 feet above sea
level, is the principal one in the
department. Among the valleys
are those of Atriz, where the ca
pital, Pasto, is located, and La
Cocha, which contains a large lake
of the same name.
Pasto, the capital, was founded
I in 1539 by Captain Lorenzo de Al
dana, at the foot of the Galeras
volcano, which is still active. Pasto
has a population estimated in 110,-
000. Other important cities are Tu
maco, port on the Pacific Ocean,
founded in 1814, with a population
of 50,000; founded in 1789 with
5,000 and Ipiales, 1863 with 35,-
000.
Besides its volcanos and its pro
gressive capital city, Narino offers
beautiful landscapes as special at
traction. The small farms give the
Department a beautiful appear
ance, due to the great variety of
cultivation. Beautiful sites, easy to
reach, are the famous Rumiehaea
Bridge, the name of which in the
Quechua language means bridge of
stone. It is on the border with the
Republic of Ecuador, in the region
of Ipiales; the La Cocha Lake, in a
beautiful landscape, is the center
of many native legends. It has the
peculiar feature of being exactly
the same shape as South America.
The Sanctuary of Nuestra Seno
ra de las Lajas, 3 miles from Ipia
les, is visited by thousands of Co
lombians, pilgrims and tourists
from other countries, and in the
Catholic world it is considered
equal to the Sanctuary of Lourdes,
France.
Also in the southern part of
Colombia is the Department of
Huila. with a population of 300.-
000 and an area of 7,73 square
miles. It is located in the Upper
Magdalena Valley. The central
pain, 15 miles long is of hot,
tropical climate, locked in between
the slopes and peaks of the Cen
tral and Eastern ranges of the
Andes, where there are also tem
perate and cold regions, some
crowned with snow, as the Snow
Peak of Huila, 17,44 feet above
sea level. NBeiva, the capital, was
founded in 1550 by Captain Juan
Alonso, and has a population of
70,000. Garon, seat of the Dioceses
was founded in 1782. has 21,000
inhabitants, and is the second city
of the Department.
The principal tourist attraction
in Huila is the Archeological Park
of San Agiistin, a town officially
founded in 1715, but in which tra
, ces of a civilization dating from
I long before the discovery of Ame
rica have been founded. Accord
ing to studies carried out recently
by well known world authorities
and Colombian scientists, the his
torical culture of San Agustin
dates from many centuries before
the arrival of the Spaniards.
Some samples of stone carvings
believed to be the work of the
Kamsa tribes, which have been
traced as far as 500 years before
Christ, are to be found in Coro
graphis Museums of Leipzig and
Berlin, the Britannic of London,
and the National Museum of Bo
gota.
Spanish Version Page 3
For m better understanding between the Amerieat
MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., FRIDAY, JANUARY, 10, 1958
after having been the object of
strong criticism of his financial
policies by the opposition in Par
liament and the local press.
Pardo Heeren has been replaced
by Dr. Augusto Thorndike, who ve
ry successfully held the post of
Minister of Justice and Culture.
Dr. Thorndike, the present Fin
ance Minister, is the author of the
book “A Guide to Peruvian Tax
Legislation” (“Guia de la Legisla
cion Tributaria del Peril”), and
held the post of Director of the
Union Bank and other industrial
banking companies. Since 1947 he
has been the Economic Advisor
to the Banco Minero del Peru, (Pe
ruvian Mining Bank).
There is much interest in politi
cal circles to know if the new
Finance Minister will continue
with the same financial policies of
Prado Heeren, which the opposi
tion has classified as “inflationis
ts”.
Dr. Victor Andres Belaunde’s en
try as Foreign Relations Minister
means the incorporation in the gov
ernmental division of a career di
plomat and not of a politician or
the representative of a determined
ideological tendency.
Dr. Belaunde who has been in
the Foreign Service for 50 years,
is know as a miliant Catholic man,
and a dedicated anti-communist.
In speaking to the U. P. Dr.
Belaundq, said that he can not as
yet make any statements about his
suggestion to the Foreign Office,
althoubh he stated that Perus posi
tion in International organizations
is very well known, and that many
times she has defended her posi
tion. He said that he will continue
at the head of the Peruvian de
legation to the United Nations
and th-at he would attend the Ge
neral Assembly in 1958, if there
was no incompatimility between
his work as Minister and the re
presentation to the United Nat
ions.
Dr. Manuel Cisneros, President
of the Ministers’ Council, has left
the Foreign Office in order to
take over the post of Minister of
Culture and Justice. Polticial cir
cles have interpreted this change
as a desire to hold a less active
post which will permit him to de
dicate himself to his party the Pe
ruvian Democratic Movement, of
which he is Head.
The new Ministers Belaunde,
Thorndike and Cisneros Sanchez
will now take over their posts, af
ter having sworn in a ceremony
which took place in the Gold Room
of the Government Palace.
Perez Jimenez Orders Venezuelan
Cooperation Law Put Into Effect
CARACAS Jan. 9. (UP)— The
President, Marcos Perez Jimenez, i
ordered the International Coopera
tion Law, which was approved by j
Congress and which is destined j
to strengthen Venezuela’s bonds j
with other countries, to be put in- }
to effect.
The Presidential order says that
they want “to contribute towards
making cooperation through prac-!
tical measures effective”.
The article says that “the Ve- j
nezuelan nation 'reiterates the j
principle that cooperation is the j
most convenient way to broaden
friendship between the nations and j
search for the solution of the pro-!
blems which effect the wellbeing
of the people”.
The law says that cooperation
would consist in the construc
tion of works for economic and so
HEMISPHERIC EVENTS
I , .
Latin America n News in Brief
U. S. SOLDIER GOES
ON TRIAL IN PANAMA
PANAMA (UP)— P.F.C. Harold
F. Rose, of Reaches Point, Bucks
port, Me., went on trial in Pana
ma Court for the murder of his
Panamanian wife’s two-year-old
son by a previous marriage.
Rose has been held in Panamfi
City jail since he was arrested on
Nov. 22, 1956 the day the child
died. He married Blanca Castillo
in jail. She is on trial with him
as an accessory.
YANKEE WEATER
HITS MEXICO
MEXICO CITY (UP)— “Yan
ee kWeather,” as the Mexicans
call it, has hit a large section of
Mexico.
Three feet of snow were report
ed in a section of Northern Chi
HHP'
11111 l sm'"* Jr*
v DR. JOSE A. MORA
SHIPPING COMPANIES
SHOW CONFIDENCE IN
HEMISPHERE FUTURE,
DR. MORA DECLARES
NEWPORT NEWS, Jan. 9.
Dr. Jose A. Mora, Secretary Gen
eral of the Organization of Ameri
can States, made a speech at the
launching of the new luxury liner
“Santa Paula” of the Grace Line,
in which he said:
“Today, we witness another im
portant launching in the multi
million dollar fleet replacement
program— a program which tells
the world the confidence of this
private steamship line in the fu
ture economic growth of our Ame
rican Republics I am pleased to
say this confidence is being ex
pressed by the entire shipping in
dustry engaged in Inter American
trade”.
Dr. Mora praised Grace Line for
their work of promotion of Inter
American good will and trade de
velopment, pointing out it was the
first U. S. flag service between
New York and the West Coast of
South America through the Pana
ma Canal, between Gulf ports and
South America, and others, and
concluded:
“In closing, let me say that the
new “SANTA PAULA” is not only
an elegant liner but a fine Ambas
sador bringing to all the family
of American Nations a message of
good will, friendship and prosper-
Costa Rican Envoy
Presents Credentials
SAN SALVADOR. Jan 9. (UP)
—The new Costa Rican Ambassa
dor, Humberto Nigro Borbon,
presented his credentials today.
During the ceremony, which en
ded with a cordial conversation
between the Ambassador and Pres
ident Arambuuru, Minister Alfonso
de La Ferrere and other high of
ficials attended
rial development, the distribution
of basic and raw materials, manu
factured products, cattle raising
and agricultural products, const
ruction material and equipment,
the organization of public utility
services, technical assistance and
advice, technical and scientific re
ports and any other activity which
is conducive to the aim of coopera
! tion
The law says that the Executive
: can outline which cooperative pro
grams will be used through any
of the agencies whether from an
I indendent institute or private Ven
| ezuelan companies.
The thir chapter establishes that
i the cooperation which is asked of
Venezuela or which is granted by
the Executive according to the
present law, will be established by
agreements, or bi-lateral treaties.
huahua State; storms swept the
Gulf of Mexico and Pacific coasts
and rains drenched most of the
country.
The Navy Department ordered
all ships in the Gulf of Mexico to
head for the nearest ports and
those now in port to remain there
until further notice.
The Navy’s order followed Wea
ther Bureau forecasts that the gale
lashing the Veracruz area would be
intensified.
EDUCATIONAL T. V.
IN PUERTO RICO
SAN JUAN, P. R. (UP)— Gov.
Luis Munoz Marin dedicated here
a 100,000 watt Government televi
sion station to be used solely for
educational purposes.
Known as WIPR Channel 6, the
station is capable of covering the
entire island except its southwest
Kubitschek to State His
Position About Relations
With Communist Countries
Somoza Promises
Freedom of Press
for Nicaragua
MANAGUA, Jan. 9. (UP).-Pres
ident Luis A. Somoza said press
freedom in Nicaragua will continue
without restrictions in 1958, and
that he hopes that circumstances
will not force him to change this
policy during the year.
Somoza made the statements in
his weekly press conference, in
which he also stated he will not
intervene with the decision of the
Supreme Court, which imposed
sentences on those implicated in
last November’s plot against his
Government. He explained that the
Court had sentenced them for a co
mmon crime, which prevented him
from reuesting amnesty from
Congress, since such amnesty ap
plies only to political crimes. He
said also he would not request
pardons, adding:
“Judicial power is sacred. The
opposition puts this up to me as
a political concession. I, as the son
of Somoza (the assassinated Pres
ident Anastasio Somoza) cannot
politically deal with his assassina
tion, since it would be to destroy
juridical structure. Should that ha
ppen, the country would be lost.
The independence of the Powers
is the basis of democracy”.
In another statement he said he
was ready to have an interview
with the President of Honduras, Dr.
Ramon Villeda Morales, to dis
cuss the border problem between
the two countries.
More Bodies Found
as Terrorist Wave
Increases in Cuba
HAVANA (UP)—Another five
bullet-ridden bodies turned up in
the riotous Oriente Province, which
brings the total of mysterious
deaths and violence up to 14
peoples during the last 24 hours.
Uu to now, at least 30 persons
have been killed by violence in
this Province within the last three
weeks.
Among the last victims were
Jose A. Fuentes and his son,
“take for a ride” from their home
in Niquero by four unidentified
gunmen. Three other bodies were
found in the Guantanamo zone.
U. S. residents of Santiago de
Cuba, it is said, travel the 83 miles
to Guantanamo in order, to make
their necessary purchases, in view
of the scarcity of products in San
tiago and in order “to avoid tele
phone threats”. For some time
rebel sympathizers in Santiago have
asked the residents “not to buy
unnecessary things” there, so that
the capital of that Province will
become a “dead city”.
Salvador to Elect
Deputies March 23
SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 9. (UP)
—March the 23rd has been set as
the day for the election of deputies
for the next Assembly by decree
of the National Assembly.
There will be 54 deputies, with
an equal number of alternates ac
cording to the population of each
Department, during their two
year ierm.
ern corner. It will operate 5 V
hours daily, starting at 3 P. M.
Sixty per cent of its programs will
be “live.”
Rafael Delgado Mftrquez was
nam ed general manager and Leo
poldo Santiago Lavandero pro
gram director.
The station will carry no ad
vertising. Except for 30 minutes
of news daily it will transmit on
ly education material.
Munoz Marin assured the private
radio-T. V. industry that the new
station would not compete with
commercial T. V.
MEXICAN CHILDREN
GET POLIO SHOTS
MEXICO CITY (UP)— Health
Department Officials announced
plans to give anti-polio shots to
one million children under three
Opposition Groups Request a Clear
Statement of Policy on the Matter
Argentine Government Mission Leaving
Sunday for European Communist Nations
The President of the Republic,
Juscelino Kubitschek, will soon
make a statement about the propo
sal of renewing diplomatic rela
tions with Russia as a result grow
ing pressure of different sectors
for adoption of a clear position
with regards to this matter.
The President had a conference
with the Foreign Minister, Mace
do Soares, for the preparation of
this statement.
In the Itamaraty Palace, the
rmors about the preparation of
a secret report in which the com
munists have decided to use Bra
zil as a starting point for their
economical penetration campaign
in Latin America has been denied.
It has been said in the Foreign
Ministry that they are looking for
away to find a formula to accept
Russian offers for machinery for oli
well drilling without having to ac
cept Russian technicians.
On New Year’s Day, Pres
ident Kubitschek said that he was
in favor of renewing relations with
Russia, which is supported by the
Finance Minister, Alkmin, and the
“young wing" of the Social De
mocratic Party, to which the Pres
ident belongs.
It is reported that Macedo Sores
is opposed to this renewal of rela
tions which the ex Minister of
Foreign Relations, Oswaldo Aran
ha, the present head of the Brazil
ian delegation to the United Na
tions, has proposed.
Aranha recently stated that Bra
zil should have commerce with all
of the nations Russia included.
Well informed sources say that
before addressing the United Na
tions Aranha stated that they
would not adopt a diffinite posi
tion regarding the renewal of re
lations with Russia,.
It is said that the Foreign Re
lations Minister has said that “it
is regretable that Aranha is not
capable of resisting the callings
of the Communists in New York”.
ARGENTINE MISSION
LEAVING SUNDAY
BUENOS AIRES, Jan 9. (UP)—
U. S. And Latin American Countries
Negotiating on Territorial Waters
UNITED NATIONS, JAN. 9
(UP) — The United States is hold
ing negotiations with Chile, Peru
and Ecuador, searching for an
agreement permitting'the Ameri
can Republics to go united to the
U. N. Conference on ocean rights,
which will begin next month at
Geneva.
Well informed diplomatic circles
believe it is possible to find a
conciliation formula among the
countries, separating the matter
of territorial waters in two parts:
the territorial waters of undisput
ed sovereignty of the coastal state,
and the jurisdiction the state may
have in adjacent zones.
Among the experts it is suggest
ed as possible limits to negotiate,
twelve miles for territorial waters,
and perhaps a hundred miles for
the adjacent zones.
The governments of Chile, Peru,
years of age in the republic’s most
polio prevalent areas during 1958.
Dr. Carlos Calderon, Chief of the
country’s Anti-Polio Campaign,
explained that victims in Mexico
generally fall into the three years
and under age group, in contrast
with the United States where polio
melitis strikes most frequently in
the adolescent and young adult
brackets.
The National Institute of Infant
Welfare said nine million cubic
centimeters of Salk vaccine has
proven 70 to 80 per cent effective
compared with 80 to 90 per cent
effectiveness of U. S. manufactur
ed vaccines.
Polio incidence in the Federal
District fell from 900 in 1955 to
290 in 1957. Figures have not yet
been compiled for the rest of the
country.
Member Inter American
Press Association
’ •
For Liberty, Culture and
Hemispheric Solidarity
NUMBER 158
A mission of Government officials
sent by the Argentine Government
to discuss economic and financial
matters with European countries
within the Soviet Orbit, will leave
Sunday in an Argentine Airlines
plane.
The mission, headed by the Un
dersecretary of Industry of the Mi
nistry of Commerce and Industry,
Engineer Raul Ondarts will go first
to Madrid, then to Paris, Prague
and Moscow
The group includes the Trade Po
licies Director of the Ministry, Dr.
Alberto Signanini; the Assistant
Manager of the State Oil Mono
poly (YPF), Engineer Ernesto ft.
Peters: Engineer Hugo Albertelli,
Director of National Sanitary
Works, Eng. Ernesto Kohler, Pro
duction Manager of the Fuel Ad
ministration; Dr Manuel lacono, of
the National Industrial Bureau;
Eng. Francisco Llusa, of the Sar
miento Railway In representation
of the Argentine State Railways;
Dr. Augusto Lile, Director of the
Meat Bureau; Juan Carlos Moneta,
of the Central Bank; Moises Men
jamin. of the National Telecomu
nications Department; Dr. Enrique
Gaston Valenti, of the National
Economic and Social Council, and
Dr. Wladimiro Saul Muller, rep
resenting the Ministry of Social
Assistance and Public Health.
Ondarts declared that no invita
tion had been received from any
of the countries they will visit,
pointing out that the iniciative
came from Argentina.
“We are simply collecting debts
some of these countries have with
Argentina. Buying from them the
things we need Argentina has es
tablished reciprocal credits with
those countries but our way of
purchasing does not agree with the
selling methods in those countries.
“We are not going to buy in
Eastern Europe what some people
believe has been denied to us some
where else. Simply, we are going
to buy whatever we can with bal
ances in our favor, or with margin
al credits allowed to us under ex
isting agreements”.
and Ecuador, which accoridng to
these reports should be negotiat
ing now with the United States in
Quito, Lima and Santiago, in
their “Declaration on the Maritime
Zone” signed m Santiago, Chile,
on August 18, 1952, set 200 miles
as the jurisdiction limit.
The Santiago Declaration referr
ed to the fact that “geological and
biological factors related with the
existence, conservation and devel
opment of the ocean fauna and flo
ra in the waters of the signatory
countries, make the ancient exten
sion of territorial waters and ad
jacent zones ’nsufficient for the
conservation, development and ex
ploitation of that wealth, to which
the coastal countries have a right”.
“Therefore. —it said— it is also
their uuty to prevent exploitation
of that wealth outside its juris
diction, when it endangers the
existence and conservation of that
wealth, harmful to the countries
which, because of their geograph
ical position, have in their seas
sources of subsistence that cannot
be substituted, and of economic
resources which are vital to them”.
Regarding the United States, the
three-mile limit was adopted dur
ing the first years of independent
life. Although up to 1794 states
men had certain reserves regard
ing such three-mile limit, on that
year Congress approved legisla
tion establishing jurisdiction of the
courts to the three mile limit.
Regarding Customs, however,
the United Stales set a 12-mile
limit In 1935, and not all the States
of the Union have the 3-mile limit.
Florida, for instance has a 9-milt
limit, and Louisiana 27 miles.
The Geneva Conference, which
is to meet on Februeary 21, may
result for the first time in an
international agreement on the
thorny question, if the Latin Ame
rican Republics arrive with a for
mula already approved among
themselves when they go to Switzer
land.