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Inter - American New s for English - Speaking people sth YEAR a *. SAN ROMAN t. tV SMITH 8 SMITH President Wc» Prrsldaal Vice President PKANCISCU AbLiKRt HOItACIO AO U IRK I Vice President »nd Pnbiiaitei vice President Bdltor and Manner Antonio Runt Manaelne Rditnr PnttUsOeo dalt.T except Monday entered as second class matter at tne Post Office of M'inu Svrtnn Pin. on February 8 tSit EDITORIAL AMERICA AND THE INTERNATIONAL • t COMMUNITY The concept of the international community has de finitely imposed itself in the spirit and the mind of all the peoples of the world. Rejected forever are the Chinese walls which surrounded the souls, and even the iron cur tains which, supported by force, still exist in Europe, have their cracks, through which news and reports on the ideijs and aspirations of the common man in the rest of the world, succeed in infiltrating. It is not our purpose to make history of the origin of this conception of a community of nations, because we lack the space for such a task and it is not the object of these lines. We ’wish only to point out the presence, in the minds of the people, of an idea that has firmly imposed itself, as is the one that no one can live in complete isola tion. If man is a political animal and must live in associa tion with, and in the company of others, the peoples have understood that they can and must coexist. America, in that sense, is a unique and reassuring example of this. As far back as 1826, Simon Bolivar, the Liberator, wanted to give eternal life to the idea of a League and Confedera tion of the nations of this Hemisphere. And in 1889, it was when that idea took form with the first international meeting of American nations in the city of Washington. Perhaps that idea, born in a new continent, which has become a hope in the others, germinated almost without notice all through the end of the last century, and it was also an illustrious American, Woodrow Wilson, its most enthusiastic promoter, at the end of World War I. America gave birth, and maintains with unique vigor and strength a regional community of nations, the Organiza tion of American States, which already existed when the world organization was formed, and within it, ours has become a regional organization. Because it is regional, it does not divide, it unites: because if we take into considera tion the similarities given to it by geography, character, race, language, etc., even greater possibilities exist that, in a worldwide scope, we may be able to reach understan ding and mutual respect, which are the ideals of world existence. Many times we have thought that, if the other nations in their problems and their affairs, would have the same spirit of our Inter American System, perhaps solution would be nearer than it is thought. America, a new continent, which revolutionized the world with its discovery, has also revolutionized the way of life among nations and peoples. The feelings of coexistence is its own. as well as that of mutual respect, strengthened and recognized in a regional international agreement which honors, and is also an example for the ether States of the world. Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports Colombian Restrictions on Imports Prove Successful WASHINGTON (UP)— The Foreign Commerce Weekly, De partment of Commerce Magazine, says that the measures adopted by Colombia s gbvernment in Feb ruary to restrict the merchandise imports seem to have had a mod erate success. The imports authorizations al lowed by Colombia during March decreased to $23,100,000, as against $30,500,000 during Feb ruary. “However, it reads, the import authorizations, even in March, are ronsideraole higher than dollars reserves of the country permit. “Coffee shipments of Colombia during the five weeks period from March 2 to Apri 5 amount only to 297,611 bags, a significent de crease since prevous month. “Colombia’s coffee exports dur ing the period from Nov. 1957 to March 31 last, amounted to 2.078,- 091 bags • “The quota assigned to Colombia during this period as per Mexico agreement was 2.302,000 bags. Now Co'ombia will be permitted to add the 224,000 bags she could not export during this first period of her quota to the 1,435,171 bags assigned to this country for the period of April 1 to June 30, mak ing her possible to export 1,659.- 080 bags during the thiee coming months. "It is very doubtful, however that Colombia is able to export this amount of coffee mainly if she maintains her present price Policy.” Venezuela Planning to Apply for Loan From U. S. Banks CARACAS, (UP). Members of the .Government Junta said that Venezuela will apply for a loan to the United States, to pay the de bts left by the regime of Marcos Perez Jimenez, ousted January last. Eugenio Mendoza, a member of the Junta, said they have under 1 consideration to obtain a long term loan. He added that offers from 5 Cents—Outside Metropolitan area, 10 cents. I American banks and international 1 companies have been received, Dut , that a decision has not been taken ;so far as the “matter requires a careful study”. Arturo Sosa, Finance Minister, said that the obligations incurred in by previous government and still pending payment, amout to $1,372,000,000, of which $497,000. 000 are due in the present fiscal year, ending June 30. Sosa said that it is the purpose of the Junta ; to pay these obligations with the , income of the next five years I budgets, although it expects to pay the $497,000,000 during this year. Finacial sources- admit the pos sibility that the loans under con siderations are devoted to pay that sum with the purpose to maintain : good the national credit abroad. Plan for Economic Cooperation Between Honduras and Guatemala TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras. (UP). President Ramon Villeda Morales has announced a four point plan for greater economic cooperation with Guatemala. The agreement, called “Charter of San Pedro Sula,” was reached during a meeting between Villeda Morales and Guatemalan President Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes near Honduras’ border with Guatemala. The pact, released here and in Guatemala City simultaneously, calls for: 1. Increased trade and integra tion of their transport systems. 2. Exchange of basic materials and capital goods to stimulate new farming and industrial activities. 3. Reciprocal guarantees for ca pital investments. 4. Adoption of measures to eli minate double taxation. Villeda Morales also announced he has decided not to attend the May 8 inauguration of Costa Rican President-elect Mario Echandi in San Jose because the other Cen tral American Presidents will not be going. He suggested that a pro posed conference of the heads of the Central American nations may be held here instead of in San Jos6. The Amei® as Daily mm||.|• I m - f m a Return of Argentina to Democracy is an Example to the Whole World General Carlos A. Romulo Slates By Gen. CARLOS P. ROMULO Special for United Press BUENOS AIRES, (UP). The inauguration o's Dr. Arturo Fron ,dizi as President of Argentina is a transcendental event in the his tory of the difficult struggle for man’s freedoms. Its significance goes further than the Argentine borders, because it is the culmination of a series of -events which reaffirm the incon trovertible truth that, even if free dom can be overshadowed for some time, nothing prevents it from shining againt in all its splendor when the people decide to struggle for it, and when there are leaders with enough patrio tism, ready to sacrifice their per sonal gain in favor of the com munity. The experience of Argentina of fers in itself marvelous lessons to the world. The principal of these demonstrates to us that, when the people with their actions show that their faith in constitu- 1 tional order inspire them to sa- j crifice everything to save the fa therland from the tyranny of die- j tatorship, that determination brings about an spontaneous movement of sympathy in the fraternity of Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ BRAZIL The “yerba mate” of Brazil, similar to tea, makes a nealthy and pure beverage, which : has been the favorite diink of hun dreds of millions of South Ameri cans through the centuries. Brazil is the largest producer and ex porter of the herb, which is dryed and brewed like tea, and “besides being a beverage of delicious flavor is nourishing and stimulating, awakens the intelligence and is, therefore, recommended to all in tellectuals- as nourishment, it is good for all workers. Besides it is excellent regulator of the heart, the nerves and the muscles, and very convenient to all those doing strenuous work and, as a compen sator for defficient diets, is a mod erator of digestive funcions,” reads a description made by a Brazilian doctor. The first Euiopeans who arrived ;n South America learned to drink mate from the Guarani Indians, who called it “that which nou rishes.” After observing the almost unbelievable resistance of the Gua rani Indians, the visitors* from overseas were convinced in a short | time of the extraordinary nourish- I ing qualities of the herb. Later ! the Jesuit Fathers who colonized j the Southern part of Brazil, sent emissaries to “the blessed regions, where the tropical sun combined with fresh and clear air, produces this gift of the Lord, the mate.” Shortly after, the civilized world had the opportunity to know and be 1 nefit from the remarkable nutri l lional properities of this Brazilian i product. As the largest producer of mate j *n the world, Brazil exports around j 200 million pounds ol it every I year, mainly to Uruguay, "Argen tina and Chile, and in lesser quan tities to the United States, France, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Por tual and South Africa, as well as to some Asiatic countries. Prominent physicians and che mists all over the world have re cognized the extraordinary merits of the mate They say this drink, ; among other qualities, possesses that' of being a perfect diuretic and produces a natural alkaline effect which provides a restful and recuperating sleep. The mate, a home drink which can be taken between meals or with them, con tains more protein than wheat, barley, oats or corn, and has ten ner cent less tannic acid than the tea from the Orient. The mate has a flavor and fragrance that pleases even those who take it for the first time In the well-known medical mag azine “La Presse Medicinale” pub lished in Paris, the scientist cou ple Schunk de Foldfiem wrote: “After having analized in a great number of *ests the mate herb, we share the opinion of other authors, on the contents of the leavejs of this plant, both in common prin ciples and minerals, of which the most imoortant it contains are: calcium, magnesum, sodium, potas sium, and particularly iron.” The mate is prepared in the same manner as the regular tea from the Orient. Taken with milk or cream it is highly nourishing and has delicious taste It can be taken also with lemon, either hot or iced. Spanish Yersion Page 8 For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., TUESDAY, MAY 6, 1958 | free nations, as demonstrated by I the fact that delegations of 58 nations came to Buenos Aires to see the inauguration, to show with | their presence their admiration for the Argentine people, a free dom loving people. Another lesson in this historical j event that will be profitable for the whole world, is that the pri mary duty of the armed forces is to maintain constitutional or der. The military power will dis charge. its sacred obligations with the Fatherland only if it does not cease to protect the sanctity of the vote and if it uses its resources in a crisis similar to that suf fered by Argentina to prevent sovereignty from falling in the hands of a group or party, and ; that it is exercised by the people i themselves. The name of General Pedro Eu- J genio Aramburu will be outsand- j ing in the Roll of Honor of those who preferred to serve with devo tion the cause of freedom, be cause, having power in his hands, he did not allow it to go to his head or to corrupt him. but with pleasure he handed it over for the re-establishment of constitu- j tional government, the only one! which can guarantee freedom, hap piness and wellbeing for the peo ple. The inaugural speech of Presi dent Frondizi, on the other hand, was a source of inspiration, be cause it showed his value as a patriot and his vision as a state sman. When he said Argentina belongs to the West because of! the culture and civilization of the American States, Dr. Frondizi gave j satasfactory confirmation to the fact that he is a leader who has not been deceived by those who have learned to imitate the ac cent of freedom and falsify the principles of democracy. Because Argentina suffered the bitter experience of the slavery of a dictatorship. President Frondizi solemnly swore to maintain and defend constitutional order, which is the antithesis of totalitarian re gimes. He has the blessings of all those who today rejoice with the resurgence of a free Argentina, j without chains. Casals Exhorts World's People to Support Disarmament Save Humanity SAN JUAN, P. R. (UP).— Span ish cellist Pablo Casals says he would be willing to play in the United States “and even in Rus sia” if the two nations reach an agreement on dissarmament. The 81-year-old refugee told a group of young foreign musicians attending the Casals Festival here that he endorses medical mission ary Albert Schweitzer’s appeal for an end to the nuclear arms race. “I hope the United States and the Soviet Union will overlook temporary political differences in the name of mankind’s long-range interests...” he said. Casals, who fled to France when Francisco Franco emerged victo rious in the Spanish Civil War, has consistently refused to play in the United States or any other country friendly to Franco. “It is unbelievable that civilized men continue to build new and more destructive arms, instead of devoting their knowledge to make this a happier and prosperous world”, the musician said. “We HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin America n News in Brief GUATEMALAN SONG i WINS RECOGNITION j GUATEMALA “Lo llaman Pecado” by the Guatemalan colum nist and composei Alvaro Contre ras Velez is among the top 15 Spanish songs from Latin America ; and Spain currently competing on WRUL’s “Discomania” contest. Ac cording to program master of ceremonies Raul Matas, the song, Guatemala’s sole entry in the New York radio station's contest, is a leading contender for top honors. ARAMBURU FRIENDLY TO CARTOONISTS BUENOS AIRES, (UP). Pre sident General Pedro E. Aramburu i gave another of his characteristic gestures in favor of a free press, , when he invited the political car- , toonists of the daily press to the Casa Rosada, Government House, to thank them for their part in restoring political normality. G ov e rn m en t representatives have been freely lampooned dur- , Cuban Government i Withdraws Request for 2000 Garand Rifles From U. S. WASHINGTON, May 5. (UP). The Department of State report ed today that the Cuban Govern ment withdrew a request made to! this country for some 2,000 Garand rifles. The rifles had been ordered some time ago, but the United States government temporarily suspended the shipment on March 14. Lincoln White, press official of the Department of State, an nounced that the Cuban Govern ment withdrew the request for those arms. White also said that the State Department has no information about reports that the United States has supplied small type rockets to the Cuban Government to be used against the rebels. A spokesman of Cuban rebel chief Fidel Castro said that the United States has sent those arms to Cuba. White said: “We don’t know of any rockets sent to the Cuban Government”. SEVEN CUBANS TAKEN TO MEXICO CITY FOR QUESTIONING ON ARMS MEXICO, (UP). Government officials said that the seven Cu bans arrested in Ciudad del Car men will be taken to this city to be questioned and find out whe ther they have arms stored, or if they are complicated- in the death of a Cuban whose body was found in the square of Ciudad del Car men. ‘ They have been identified as: Orland Lamadrid, Jose Olmedo Mo reno, Gervasio Valdes, Armando Corrales, Alberto Fernandez, Fer nando de Dios, and Pedro Garcia Liviano. Meanwhile, the Fifth Naval Zone of Ciudad del Carmen, ordered the arrest of ten other Cubans suspiciously operating in Punta Zacatal. These are also being questioned about the death of the Cuban Re ben Hulfs, Jr. whose body was found at the front of Xalango lighthouse. have the duty to raise our voices against this suicidal trend doing our best to stop it”. As an open enemy of dictator ships, Casals announced he intend ed to go to Caracas May 18 to pay homage to the democratic leaders who ousted the Pdrez Jimenez re gime. He said he wished to perso nally greet the President of the Junta, Vice-Admiral Wolfang La rrazabal, and the other members of the Junta. He declared: “all men standing for freedom must join together to support the democratic upsurge of Venezuela, Colombia and Ar gentina”. Casals asked some questions to two Argentine youths about Presi dent Arturo Frondizi, and expres sed his displeasure for the news after the inauguration asking the return of Peron to the country. “Every time a dictator takes power, invariably comes a decline in art and spirit of the people”, the mu sician said. ing the Aramburu regime lor the first time in many years. SEATON’S STATEMENT PLEASES AMBASSADORS Washington, (up). The Ambassadors of Latin America’s principal minerals exporting coun tries, excepting oil rich Venezue la, hailed the Eisenhower admi nistration’s new minerals subsidies plan as a major contribution to Inter-American economic coopera tion. ’ * Their reaction followed wides pread belief here that Interior Se cretary Fred A. Seaton’s proposal to congress to extend federal aid to the depressed United States mining industry will effectively cancel demands for higher duties on Latin American exports of cop per, lead, zinc and tungsterf. The envoys of Mexico, Peru and Chile agreed that the administra tion’s reversal of earlier opposi tion to Government subsidies goes a long way to meet Latin Ameri- Nixon and Party Accorded Warm Reception in Bolivia and Paraguay During Tour Dr. Lleras Camargo Gets Landslide in Colombian Election j BOGOTA, Colombia. (UP).—Al berto Lleras Camargo won a landslide victory / Sunday in a presidential election marred by violence in which at least 29 per sons were killed and 9 wounded, it was announced today. Returns representing about two thirds of the ballots east gave Lleras 2,024,914 votes to 478,832 for Jorge Leyva and 3,351 for “others”. Lleras was the “National Uni ty” candidate of his own Liberal Party and most of the conserva tives who are their traditional foes. Leyva was nominated by an extremist conservative faction. The “others” mentioned in the re turns presumably were write-in candidates. Leyva conceded defeat in a statement to the United Press at 9 p.m. Sunday. He added, how ever, that Lleras’ victory was a hollow one because there was no: real contest. “The whole thing was a farce”, he said. “I am very happy, and • Lleras should be very sad. Os course, I conceded two weeks ago, not tonight”. Lleras, who had served once previously as president, promised in a victory statement that he will “govern for the good of all Colombians”. AMBASSADOR RUGA SAYS GOOD-BYE 10 HERTER WASHINGTON May S (UP) Mariano Puga, who recently res igned, as ambassador of Chile, came to say “good-bye” to the interim Secretary of State, Chris tian Herter. Puga, who served in Washington as ambassador for more than a year, said that he will leave for New York accompanied by his wife next Wednesday, for a period of two weeks. Before returning to Chile he wiU go to Mexico, where he will spend a week. The government has not yet named Puga’s successor. i Greater Exchange of Young Musicians in Hemisphere Would Promote Good Relations WASHINGTON (UP)— The re cent success of American pianist Van Cliburn of Texas, in the So viet Union has heightened interest here in expanding exchange of young musicians in the Western Hemisphere. Some officials feel that a first step should be an increase in a program to send talented musi cians of the United States and Lat in America to the Casals Festival of Puerto Rico. Ten young artists are currently attending concerts and rehearsals of the festival under the direction of Pablo Casals, the famed £pan lsh cellist, as guests of the Puerto Rican government. But they were can eriticism that the United j States has been lagging in es- j fective measures to stimulate eco nomic cooperation in the Western Hemisphere. Ambassador of Venezuela, Hec tor Santaella, was forced to ex press regret that the new move coincided with a Defense Depart , ment order suggesting that the j United States armed forces buy ! only domestic refined oil. Vene zuela supplies an estimated 100,- 000 barrels a day to United States armed forces in the Caribbean ! area which may be threatened by j the new order. ; MILK FOR CHILDREN SPOILS IN BRAZIL I RIO DE JANEIRO, (UP). Thirty-eight freight car loads of American powdered milk destined I for distribution to Brazilian school ■ children are deteriorating on the ■ docks here, the newspaper Cor i reiro da Manha said. The shipment arrived a month DISCUSSES PARAGUAY'S ECONOMIC PROBLEMS WITH GEN. STROESSNER Ladies' Committee tn La Paz Greets Mrs. Nixon at Airport with Flowers LA PAZ, (UP) —Vice-Presi dent of the United States, Ri chard M. Nixon, his wife and his party were warmly welcomed with friendly demonstrations in the highest airport of the world as they arrived from Asuncion. Nixon was greeted by the Presi dent of the Senate, Alvarez Plata, and high officials of the govern ment. His wife was welcomed by a group of ladies with bouquets of flowers. In the airport Nixon thanked them for the expressions of sym pathy. He said: “When I bAold this panorama of gigantic moun- i tains and how a high civilation has been developed here, I recognize the work,, the efforts, and the courage of the people of Bolivia, who can feel pround of their task, as my government and my people feel pround, too, to collaborate with the people of Bolivia. I await with interest my conversation with one of the most important execu tives of the American countries, Dr. Hernan Siles, with high of ficials and with the people of Bo livia”. He concluded saying that he is hopeful this visit will contribute to strenghthen the friendship be tween Bolivia and the United States. When the reception ceremonies ended, a big line of cars headed for La Paz, led by an open con vertible car in which Nixon and Alvarez Plata rode. During the long road thousands of people who were waiting for Nixon’s arrival, were constantly cheering him. After a rest in the American Tmbassy, where he will stay, Ni von visited President Siles Zuazo and had a cordial conversation. “El Diario” writes an editorial greeting Nixon and says that perhaps it was reserved for Nixon the “mission to awake the con science of his people toward good relations between United States and Latin America”. By HENRY RAYMONT United Press Staff Correspondent selected in a hasty manner. It is noped that next year a hemisphere wide contest will be held with Casals and other prominent musi cians as jurors to dramatize the importance of the event. Dr. Jose A. Mora, secretary-gen eral of the Organization of Ameri can States and a sponsor of the program told the United Press the young musicians can do at least as much for inter American cultural relations as the 23-year old Texas pianisi did for Societ- American understanding. ago but was “stored” on open flat j cars near the docks where it has been exposed to sun and rain, the newspaper said. HUNGARIAN REFUGEES TO HONOR NIXON BUENOS AIRES, A group of Hungarian refugees who met Vice-President Richard Nixon in Vienna at the time of the abor tive revolt in Budapest, announc ed their intention of presenting him, during his argentine visit, with two dolls for his children. GLEE CLUB TOURS CENTRAL AMERICA GUATEMALA The 80 mem ber Guatemala City normal school glee club left by car foi El Salva dor, on the first leg of its Central American tour which will last un til April 30th. The mixed “InterJ Normal Choir” will visit the capi tals of El .Salvador, Honduras, Ni caragua and Costa Rica, offering concerts, round table discussions and sport# events. j Mamfcer Inter American frees Association O' I For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 256 , WARMEST RECEPTION BY PARAGUAYANS ASUNCION, (UP). Richard M. Nixon, Vice-President of the ; United States, received the war mest and most enthusiastic recep tion, so far, in his tour to South America, by thousand of Para ! guayans yesterday. After a 21 guns salute, a mili tary band played the national anthems of United States and Pa raguay. Nixon was welcomed at the air port by the President of Para : guay, General Alfredo Stroessner, his wife, some government high officials and all the United-States embassy personnel. A crowd of about 2,000 people cheered Nixon, when he said in the airport: “In the field of international af fairs, there is no other nation that has been more firmly distingui shed against the threat of com munism of than yours, and for this reason I am very pleased, to be here with you”. Nixon congratulated Hie Para guayans for their courage and de termination, and said that he was looking forward to the develop ment of the tremendous natural resources of Paraguay. Nixon Hew to La Paz to con tinue his eight Latip American countries tour. Nison talked with President Al fredo Stroessner about Paraguay’s economy, specially his hopes to obtain an American loan for the construction of a road to Parana gua, Brazil. Samuel Vaugh, President of Hie Export-Import Bank was present in the conversation. At the airport, before leaving today, Nixon was honored by a batallion from the Military Col lege, which he reviewed while the band played the anthems of his country and Paraguay. RUSSIANS GO FOR TCHAIKOVSKY Without wishing to detract from Van Cliburn’s Moscow victory, Mo ra noted that much of his effect on Russian audiences came as a result of widespread emphasis giv en to the Tchaikovsky piano con test by the Russian and interna tional press The music-loving Uruguayan secretary genera) suggested the American republics also pay more attention to artistic events, es pecially to contests that may lead to the discovery of new talent. He pointed out that the 10 young musicians now in Puerto Rico were drawn from sobe 250 applicants, many instrumentalists of high attainments studying at leading conservatories in the Unit ed States, and deserved public at tention. “It is important,” he said, “that we do whatever possible to help these young artists to reach ever wider audiences in our hemisphere There is no doubt that their youth fulness and musicianship cairbe a major contribution to cementing relations among our countries.” SUGGESTS GROUP OVER INDIDIVIDUAL Mora endorsed suggestions that Casals and other artists at the fes tival select three groups from among tne 10 young musicians to perform at the Pan American Union's Hall of the Americas next season. This would be in line with Casal’s preference for chamber music playing over individual ap pearances. Several Latin American amba» sadors have offered to engage them for recitals at their embas sies or to play at some of the numberous diplomatic receptions. They are the envoys of Argentina Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba. Ecuador Mexico, Panamk, Peru Uruguay and Venezuela. The scholarship program was started last year with a $2,500 donation by Puerto Rican indus tralist Luis Ferrd, and a fund set up by the Puerto Rican under secretary of state, Arturo Moenteq Carridn.