The daily union. [volume], July 22, 1845, Page 274, Image 2

About The daily union. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1845-1857

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
^ POLtTlcALFrom
the Kloridian of July 13.
CLASSIFICATION OF SENATORS.
The Sonata this morning nroceeded u> claa# by lot
the term of service of the different senators. The
following is the result. The whigs are in ituiic*.
The term expiring October, 1846, was drawn by
Senator Center, of St. John,
" Havgklon, of Gadsden,
" WrigW, of Escambia,
" Waller, of Leon,
" Bert helot, of Leon,
" McLtan, of Walton,
" Porter, of Calhoun,
Priest, of Alachua.
The term expiring October, 1847, was drawn by
Senator Hawkins, of Franklin,
" Carter, of Columbia,
" Bellamy, of Jefferson,
" Broward, of Duval,
" Bell, of Hamilton,
" Goodbrend, of Nassau,
" May*, of Madison,
'? Wall, of Monroe,
" UTiile, of Jackaon.
The whigs have certainly hit a streak of good
luck in Flortdn. One out of their five membera gets
the two yeara' term.
The legislature is busy at work. It will break
up, perhaps, next Tuesday week. It displays great
industry, and we have never seen a legislative body
more disposed to be guided by the dictates of patriotism
and duty than both houses are. We see
but little party spirit, except among the whiga, who
try to impede and bother business.
U. 8. Senators.?We publish to-day the letters
of the U. S. Senators elect, accepting their appointments.
We invite attention to tne message of Gov.
Moseley, In relation to the validity of Mr. Levy's
election as representative in May. We are clettrly
of opinion that the House of Representatives could
not have sustained that election. The federal cons'..
tution is the paramount law. jKven the provisions
of the State constitution must be mode to conform to
it. The federal constitution declares that the times,
places, and manner of electing representatives, shall
lie prescribed by "Ike legislature" of each Stale. This
wasnof done, in respect of the election of May last.
The constitutional convention was not "the legislature."
, No one is to blame on this subiei t but the convention,
which erred in prescribing that n representative
to Congress should he elected in such manner. It
should have left it for "the legislature" to prescribe
the "time, place, and manner." Yet, when the
convention aid so direct, it was the duty of the committee
to follow its directions, otherwise they would
have been censured. Besides, the Territorial legislature,
at last session, by law directed the election.
This, it is true, gave no validity to the election, if it
was otherwise irregular; but the officers were right
in following its construction of the constitution.
Had Mr. Levy declined as senator, we doubt much
whether the House of Representatives would not
have vacated Mr. Levy's seat, and ordered a new
election?die time, place, and manner to be prescribed
by "the legislature" of the State. The constitution
cannot be evaded. All are nrom to uphold
it. Strictness in its construction, and rigid adherence
to its letter, are the true rules to be pursued.
The difficulty on this subject, doubtless, had influence
on Mr. Levy's acceptance of the place of senator.
We know he was disposed to decline the
trust. His friends from Last Florida?the entire
East?strenuously insisted on his acceptance. Most
of the democratic members from the Middle and
West, several of whom did not vote for him in caucus,
after his election by the unanimous vote of the
democratic party in the legislature, united in solicitations
to him to accept the office.
Mr. Levy, we know, after his election as senator,
deeply felt that the course of some of the democra.....'l..
MUJI. --S Wo.t ???k i.;?
1 jrt 11 rm representatives, lit wi?nou ?y m*: inicm
compact, ia not without force. in the election of
senators to Congress on the 2d instant, by the general
assembly, I conceive that the requirements of the
federal constitution were complied with, in the adoption
of the joint resolution o( the general assembly
appointing the time and place, ana the adoption of
}0'o' rules prescribing the manner of election.
The .resignation of Mr. Levy of the poet of representative,
has, however, obviated all difficulty
which might hare arisen as to the validity of the
election in May; and it ia now tlie duly of the legislature
to prescribe the time, place, and manner of
holding the election of his successor in the 29th
Cotigresn of the Untied Mtatea?the term of which,
for two years, commenced on the 4th of March last.
I would respectfully recommend that thelawon this
subject should be general and permanent; providing
for all future elections for representative in Congress?as
well lor^tbis vacancy, aa any other that
A
friend* bad a right to anticipate. He did not wiah
the office of senator merely; he did not desire it, except
accompanied by the good feelings and confidence
of the whole democracy of every section of
the State. His course has been frank, open, manly,
and unconcealed.
We are gratified, now that the misdirected feelings
which induced opposition on the part of some
in the legislative caucus have subsided, that all ap!trove
ot itis acceptance of the senatorship, and hail
tim as the first choice of the Slate We admire the
steadfast manner in which East Florida adhered to
him. It ir honorable to both them and him. The
few of the democratic party who have been induced
(in some decree, as we beitevej by the artful and insidious
misrepresentations of the whigs, that hate
Mr. Levy with unextinguishablc hatred) to object
to Mr. Levy's resignation as the representative, are
^getting right again. Why should the democracy, to
n man, not stand by him? Why should they yield
to the sinister attacks of his enemies? It is whig
policy to strike down every prominent democrat?
one at a time. They strive to sow dissensions and
discontent among the friends of those who have
been disappointed. We should repel these assaults.
East r-'ltviua claimed Mr. Levy , and that his clec- ]
tion to the Senate was due to her. She was unanimous
in her claim. Her people would not have been
satisfied without his election. The Middle and
West were bound to yield to them?to give up their
preferences for other democrats, and go for him for
the East. We dislike the symptoms of sectional
feeling and Jealousy of which we saw some indica-1
tions in the late election. Every democrat should
strive to suppress them.
If Mr. Levy had no other claims?if he was not
distinguished as he is for talents and faithful services?
that he was the chosen candidate of the East,
so unanimously democratic, wan enough. There
should have been no aectionol feeling against such
selection. If Mr. Levy had not been elected senator,
we should have had to have another election for
representative. Bia resignation of die post of represtntativc
has probably avoided the predicament of
our State being, for |>ait of next sesaion, without a
representative in the popular branch of Congress.
We s.'.'a" now have no difficulty on this liPad. A
new election, "the time, place, and manner" to he
prescribed by the legislature, will he held in October.
The selection of candidates will he made, we presume,
by the dilTerehl parlies before the legislature
adjourn, and we shall give the wings s sound drubl.inc
as we did in May.
It id said they dare not run n candidate. The
honor of being beaten?all that id left their candidate?
will, however, we think, not be declined by aeveral
in their rank*.
Executive Office,
Tallahassee, July 11, 1845.
To Hit General .humbly nf the Male of Florida;
Cloving notified the Hon. David Levy, and the
lion, iomes D. Westcott, respectively, of their election
as the first senators in the Congress of the
United States for the State of Florida, I have receded,
in reply, the letters, copies of which are
enclosed herewith! by which it will appear that
bolh of these gentlejvrj) have accepted the trust assigned
them; and that Mr. Levy has vurated the office
of representative in the 29th Congress of the
United States from this State, to which he wus elected
by the people of this State, at the general election
on the 26th of May last, under the provisions
Sof clause 5th of nrticle 17th of the constitution of
this Stale, entitled "schedule and ordinance."
By a reference to section 4th of article 1st of the
constitution of the United States, it is provided that
"the times, places, and manner of holding elections
for senators and representatives shall be prescribed
in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress
may, at any time, by law, make and alter such
regulations, except as to the places of choosing
pension.M
I learn that serious doubts have been entertained
whether, under this clause of the Jrderat constitution,
the election of a representative in Congress in
May last, in virtue of the direction of the constitutional
convention of the State of Florida, and not
by the legislature thereof, and before the State If gin/attire
had convened, or could convene, was valid.
The act of the Territorial legislature, authorizing
that election, gave it no additional sanction.
Ism, however, inclined to the opinion, that the
ele-tion vws consistent with the federal constitution,
upon the ground that the whole sovereignty of the
l>eople of this State, and the entire powers of government?"legislative"
as well as all others?were
possessed by the convention. But, 1 confess, the
argument that the terms of the federal constitution,
"the legislature," art specific?a reemployed to point
out th- separate branch of the Suite government to
v.hkh the power and duty of prescribing the "times,
I laces, nnd manner of holding the election for sena
muji occur. 1 would also further suggest, that, as
the term of representative in Congress always commences
on the 4th of March, if the election is not
held previous to the commencement ot the term, it
is advisable they should be so held as soon aa practicable
thereafter; aa otherwise, in a case of called
session in ths spring, when the term commences,
the State would be unrepresented at Washington,
except by her senators. The legislature should
also provide by law for the filling of any vacancy
as to either of the senatorships from the State, during
the recess of the session of the general assembly.
v
1 have the houor to be,
.Very respectfully.
Your obedient servant,
W. D. MOSELEY.
Tallahassee, July 8, 1845.
Sia: t hereby make known to you my vacation
of the office of representative in Congress from this
State.
Invited by the will of the constituted representatives
of the people to a service in the senatorial
branch of Congress, and believing, after full reflection,
that by this change of position there, I shall
be enabled to promote, with more efficiency, to the
extent of my numble abilities, the interests of our
cherished State, 1 have concluded to accept the distinguished
trust which has been tendered. In thus
determining, I regard the relation which has so long
unueu me Willi ine peu|>ie UI nunun, a Iiui Kiuiy
remaining uninterrupted, but am being still further
strengthened by the increased gratitude which this
new mark of their favor and confidence inspires.
To prove myself by unremitted exertions in the
public service, if not wholly worthy, at least sincerely
sensible of the generous kindness of my fellow-citizens
in conferring upon me, through their
constitutional agents, this last proud distinction,
shall be my constant effort.
I am, with high respect,
Your obedient servant,
D. LEVY.
His excellency W. D. Moielev,
Governor of Florida.
Tallahassee, July 11, 1845.
Sia: 1 have the honor to advise you of my acceptance
of the trust of senator in the Congress of
the United Suites from the State of Florida, tendered
me by the general assembly of this State, by the
election of which you have notified me.
I sun deeply impressed with the weight of the responsibiblies
1 assume by this acceptance. 1 will
not conceal that I am proud of this testimonial of
the confidence res posed in me by the chosen constitutional
agents of the people of Florida. I trust 1
have proper feelings of gratitude for the distinction
thus bestowed upon me under circumstances that
enhance its ordinary value.
Bound for years past to Florida by ties and associations
indissoluble while 1 exist, it is my loftiest
ambition, and my most cherished hope, that, by
faithful devotion to the post assigned me, not merely
to the fulfilment of those duties which, as a member
of the legislature of the confederacy, I shall owe to
our common country; but to the maintenance of the
rights, the redress of the wrongs, protection of the
interests, and preservation of the honor of the Slute
of Florida, I may, under Providence, be enabled to
make some return (however inadequate) for the favors
I have received at the hands other citizens.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JAMES D. WESTCOTT, Jr.
His excellency Governor Moseley.
Kur the Floridian.
At the last election for representative to Congress,
the democratic banner was carried alofl to
^ictory by David Levy?"Florida's favorite son."
"He shivered to atoms the prestige of bank-whigfcderal
invincibility in Florida, by the defeat of
Putnam and Call. He has resigned. Whom shall
we select in his stead? West Florida, though she
brought few "troops to Troy" in the late contest,
yet those she did bring were choice and true; and
she has claims. Shall we select Yonge, or Floyd,
or Myers, or Hawkins, or J. M. Long, or R. J.
Moses? or whom? The south, too, is neglected.
She has rights. Will they urge Marvin, or Mallory,
or J. B. Browne, or Macrae? Brockenbrough,
Archer, und Berthelot, of Leon; Ferguson and Allison,
of Gadsden; McCants, of Jefferson; D. H.
Mays, of MadiBon, and others, have been narrted.
The west and south should have the controlling
voice in this selection, and more especially if taken
beyond those districts. I concede the brilliant talents
of the gentleman most prominent from Middle
Florida?talents that can aompete with the best of
the nation; but I prefer, on sectional grounds, the
selection of Chandler C. Yonge or Robert J. .Floyd,
of West Florida. Whoever is selected, the gallant
democracy of the east will rally to his support, and
give i,iniu majority.
"Wz'l.l. do it again."
To the Editor of the Floridian :
Sib: Since Mr. Levy's election to the Semite, the
question naturally presents itself, Who shall be the
candidate of the democratic party for the (louse of
Representatives? For ourself, we say, unhesitatingly,
William H. Brockrnbrough; and to this expression
of our partiality we believe the great majority
of the members of the party will say, Amen!
His talents, and his principles lit him for this post.
He deserves it from the democrats, for the services
lie has rendered the party. No one, with the exception
of our senators, has done so much to place
it in the triumphant position it now maintains; and
no one of the citizens of Florida has greater ability
to sustain her character, or is more devoted to the
| interest of ALL her people.
Amicus df. B.
MISSOURI.
Pl/BLIt MKKTINU.
At a meeting of the citizens of Buchanan aounty,
held in St. Joseph on the 28th ult., to express the
feelings of this community in relation to the'melancholy
bereavement the country has lately sustained
in the death of Gen. Andrew Jackson?
On motion, Henry McKee.esq., was called to the
chair, who, before taking his seat, addressed the
meeting for uboul fifteen minutes upon the life and
virtue of that great man. L. Archer was appointed
1 secretary of the meeting. The following resolution
was then offered, and unanimously adopted:
Retolrei, That a committee of three be appointed
to draw a preamble and resolutions, expressive of
the sense of this community in relation to the death
of Gen. Andrew Jackson.
Whereupon the Chair appointed Wm. H. Edgar,
Posey N. Smith, and Dr. B. V. Teel; to which
number Wm. Ridenbaugh, upon motion, was added.
Said committee retired for a few minutes, and returned
with the following report, which was received
and unanimously adopted:
Whereas it hath pleased the Almighty Disposer of
all human events to gather to his fathers the late
Gen. Andrew Jackson?a name that will adorn the
brightest page in the history of our country?a m?n
whose services were consecrated to the defence, to
the improvement, and to the happiness of his fello w,
creatures, and in their bosoms be his reward, the
I gratitude of a free and enlightened people is far be|
yond all earthly considerations, and he enjoyed this
| to the fullest extent. The grave has triumphed over
! his earthly remains, but his splendid achievements,
! both civil and military, belong to us by inheritance.
Let ne, therefore, endeavor to transmit them to posterity.
Resolved, That since the Christian era, whether in
the field or in the cabinet, the late Qeneral Andrew
Jackson has not had a superior either in the Old or
| the New World.
I Resolved, That, as a statesman, as a patriot, a? u
fphilanlhrtmist, and as a Christian, the late General
I Andrew Jackson deserves to be a model to those
who desire to serve well their country.
Resolved, That we invite all American citizens
who have heretofore differed with the late Genera)
Andrew Jackson in political opinions, to now admit
that he has filled the measure of his country's
glory.
Resolved, That, deeply as we deplore, sincerely as
we feel, this loss, we rejoice that such a man as the
late Gen. Andrew Jackson lived.
I Resolved, That a copy of our proceedings be forwarded
to the Hon. Thomas H. Benton, requesting
him to eommunicels to the United States Senate,
soon after the commencement of its next session,
the fervent feelings of veneration and respect that
Missourians entertain for the lale General Andrew
Jackson.
Resolved, That Willard P. Hall, esq., be invited
to deliver a public address in the town of 8t. Joseph,
on the 19lh day of July, characteristic of the
I services and virtue of the late General Andrew Jackson;
and that every citizen of Buchanan county,
| and the counties adjacent?whether from hill or
from valley, from prnirie or from woodland?be ini
vited to attend.
| Rraolrfd, That theae proceeding* be signed by the
chairman, and countersigned by the secretary; and
a copy of the same be ftirnished to the editor of the
St. Joseph Gazette for publication.
RuolvtJ, That the St. Joseph Gazette, containing
a copy of these proceedings, be forwarded to the
veteran Ritchie, of the Washington city Union, politely
requesting him to give them an insertion in
his paper.
L. Archer moved that a committee of three be
appointed to wait upon Willard P. Hall, eaq., and
inform him of the invitation given to make an ad-1
drew at 8l. Joaeph on the 19th of July; which wa*
carried: and L. Archer, Win. H. Edgar, and Dr. B.
V. Teel were appointed.
Dr. B. V. Teel moved that the fhenda of the departed
hero wear the ueual bodge of mourning on
the 19th day of July; which waa carried.
Upon motion, the meeting adjourned.
HENRY McKEE, Chairman.
L. Arches, Secretary.
from the Boiton I'ont.
A WORD FROM THE NEW STATE.
An old resident of Texas, who had been opposed
to annexation, attended the district court in hia
neighborhood, conversed with men from different
parts of the republic, saw the flag of the United
States waving from liberty poles, and then writes to
the "New York Commercial Advertiser" that he was
" enraptured, felt new life infused within him, and
forgot everything hut that he was an American.
Every one he met appeared to have the same feeling."
All right, old gentleman ; the opponents of
the great measure of union in the States will soon
acknowledge a kindred rapture. A large majority
of our people will, ere long, do full justice to the
wisdom and foresight of the democracy, and appluud
the sagacity and patriotism of Jackson, Polk,
Walker, Tyler, Cnlhohn, Johnson, Woodbury,
I Ritchie, and others of the early^ 1 fearless, and tin
mncning menus or icxiw. ?r hoi uomwun
not feel ?m honest pride in belonging to a party
which, in the exercise of its large and liberal principles,
has added to the Union vastnrovinces like
Louisiana, Florida, Missouri, and Texas, has always
extended a welcopie to new States, and guards
with an eagle eye every rood, every foot of our territory,
while it sweeps on an eagle wing to the utmost
bounds of the area of freedom ?
We copy the concluding paragraphs of the letter
in the 44 Commercial," a paper that has steadily
opposed the admission of Texas :
" I am nuw satinAed that nothing can stem the torrent of i
popular feeling in favor of annexation ; that Tex a* will accept
the terms proposed, and leave it to the magnanimity of
the United State# Congress to do us justice. Texas will
unhesitatingly throw uerseU into the arms of the United
Htates, and truxt all subsequent proceedings to her honor.
Th?i prospect of certain annexation has already inspired us
with new vigor, and increased the value ol our lands
"This is one of the most lovely countries that can be
imagined. This upper country embraces alternate hill and
dule, interspersed with clear, transparent, flowing streams,
and an equal proportion of timber aud prairie. Our prairie
is like one continuous flower-garden; our streams are filled
with the finest Ash; our prairies with deer; oui timber and
bottom lands with turkeys and other game; and all that is
wanted to make this a terrestrial paradise, is a population of
industrious Yankees. At present, our population is thinlv
scattered OTM \wdr MtUH of cuuntrv. MtM of our citizens
own large tracts of land in the heart of the old settlements.
1 have in this tract between ten and twelve thousand
acres, with no family on it hut my own; and I am
within eighteen miles of Austin's first settlement?Han Felipe.
"When Texas becomes as densely settled as western
New York, with schools, churches, ike., it will be one of
the most desirable countries on the globe for a permanent
residence. Here, the necessaries of life can be procured
w ith more ease and less labor than in any country that I
know of. Our climate is mild aud salubrious. We do not
suffer from the summer's heat, or winter's cold. Fruit of
almost every kind is tasily cultivated. You of the north?
if I may judge from your publications?have formed an entirely
wrong opinion of the moral character of the Texians.
Five of our district judges are professors qf religion?one a
Baptist clergyman, who is deservedly and universally popular,
on account of hit amiable disposition and catholic
principles The other is a distinguished member of the
Methodist Fpiscopal < hwrc.li in Galveston. His house has
alway s been a home for the clergymen of that denomination.
"Our bar would not suffer by a comparison with any bar
in your Stute. In it we have men who have Ailed some of
the most important oAlces in the United States. Last week
1 recognised one who for many years represented your
government as minister in Mexico;' another who had Ailed
some of the most important offices in Alabama. The business
of our courts is conducted with as much dignity as
that of your superior courts. During the past week, many
important legal decisions were made, wnich, I trust, w ill
produce a favorable moral influence among our citizens.
One of these decisions was, that any conveyance of property,
with intent to defiaud creditors, is void, even if tne purchaser
pay h valuable consideration therefor. To the honor
of our country, I will say that there was not a criminal case
on the docket; and that, after sitting three days, the grand
jury was dismissed without having a single ijuljctqipnt
brought before it."
From the Rochester Dally Advertiser.
"THE BALANCE OF POWER."
This is a common and favorite phrase with the
monarchies of Europe,- and means, we suppose,
that each kingdom will so watch the other as each
all, and all each, that neither shall extend its dominion
without the consent of the regulating powers.
, Hence it follows, that should a province revolt,
it will Ih? the duty, at all events the pleasure,
of the several contracting powers to join their forces
for the putting down of the refractory member, and
reducing it to submission. But it would seem
these rr.onmv.ha who assume to regulate the political
affairs of Europe, are not contented with the limited
I hinlinr* of not inn In ushinh (Lav hnvA hithopln rnri.
lined themselves, and ore, therefore, casting about
for n pretence for interfering with the affairs of the
Unitca States, lest, if let alone, they should become
more potent then is agreeable to these ambitious
adjusters of the " balance of power." To this
anxiety to restrain the United States in their advance
to empire, is to lie attributed the active meddling of
England and France in the affairs of Texas matter;
but futling in securing what they desired, they give
up the matter as respects annexation, but make it
|he occasion of saying, in effect, that the States
must be watched and prevented from disturbing
tin. balance of poyer on the American continent.
The French ministry npy pqy. pemarkj the
" Union," that " they wash their hands of the
annexation or independence of Texas; that if
she does not desire independence, she ought to be
left at liberty to judge for herself; that her own consent
is sufficient; and, therefore, that neither France
ner Englsnn, nop even fyJeX|oo hcr?elf( hps a right
to control her. So far, the declaration would he
satisfhetory to ourselves; but M. Quizot claims for
France the right of intending in tU first instance;
and he founds that claim upon the new-fangled doctrince
of a new bnlanct of potcer in America, which
all the nations of Europe have a right to watch and
control. Can there exist any doubt about this controlling
power of interference, when M. Gui/.ot contends
that 'the equilibrium of the forces between the
three great powprs (the United Suites, England, and
the Sjianish .States,) should subsist, and that no
one of them should become exclusively preponderating
?'"
This is evidently intended to interpose the entire
force of the coalesced powers for the prevention of
any further change of government, arid to retain,
chained to the. car of European monarchies, all their
American dependencies, even though, like our fa.
titers, they should attempt to sever a connexion no
longer for their advantage, and in direct conviction
with their governmental convictions. But there is
a reverse side to this proposition, and it would be
easy to make out our right to watch over and interfnrn
u/illt flip nfTnirn nf Kiirnnp hv ntlpnilincr tn ikn
adjustment of the "balance of power" there, by the
admission of the right contended for by the French
minister. From causes, readily enough explained
by a glance at the feelings and' aspirations qf thp
masses of the European population, the monarchists
of Europe are uneasy lest the influence of the
United States should become dangerous to the "existing
order of things," drawing within the sphere of
their influence mo#t, if not all Notlh America, and
thereby rsaet powerfully on Europe. What, in
their wisdom, Prance and England, now mada fast
friends, may attempt against us, it might be unwise
to anticipate; yet, be it what it may, we have no
fears that they will greatly intimidate the good people
of these States.
f>om the Baqgor (Me.) Democrat, July 14.
ANNEXATION SUCCESSFUL.
I Our democratic rcudera will, doubtless, receive the
J subjoined intelligence from Texas with lively emoi
lions of pleasure The all-exciting and momentous
i question of annexation is at length settled. It has
j escaped all jierils and dangers, both foreign and jnI
testine, the intrigues of uncongenial governments,
1 and the combined opposition of its enemies and false
I friends at home: the measure Iiiih been successful.
anil Texan in now a member of our Union. We
had intended to enumerate some of the advantage!)
which will reault from this onion, but, finding thi,t
the laat Augusta Age had anticipated US) nnd presented
them in a more comprehensive and graphic
manner than it ia in our power to do, we are happy
to adopt its language as the sentiments of our own:
"The advantages which will result from this
unjon tr)ust be very great. The whole country,
north and south, will participate in them- T"e
South will, by annexation, be saved from ihe only
rival in thp cotton markets of the world which she has
to fear. The United Stales and Texas are the only
countries from which Great Britain can supply her
immense option facfopjM ,?le raw material to
keep them in operation- 1 J?d Texas remained an
independent nation, Great Britain would undoubtedly
have made such commercial arrangements as
would have enabled her to draw her principal supply
of cotton from that country, and thus exclude a
large portion of the produce of the South from her
markets. As it is now, no such arrangement can
be made; the interests of the cotton-growers of Texas
and the other States will thereafter be the some.
"But, great as will be the benefits of annexation
to the South, they will be small, indeed, as compared
to the advantages which will result to the
North. If will open the ports of that rich and rapidly-increasing
country to the introduction of the
produce and manufactures of thp North, free of all
duty and all restraint. And who can estimate the
" t profits which will result to the agriculturists of
the North and West, from the aupply of beef, pork,
wheat, corn, flour, and other articles of northern
and western prod in*, which will there find a mar
ket, and to the manufactures for cotton and woollen
goods, the boots, shoes, and thousand varieliei
of manufactures which the necessities of her increasing
population will require? Who can estimate
the profits to our shipping interests, which
will have, from the very nature of the case, almost
an entire monopoly of her carrying-trade? Tin
truth is, that the North are the great factors of the
South. We sell their cotton, their sugar, their m?
laaaea, and rice; we carry it to market for them,
and get oar full share of the profile of the whole operation.
The North, in consequence of the superioi
activity of her citizens, always has made as much
or more money out of southern products as has the
South itself; and as long as the population of the
South is what it now is, such will continue to be
the case, from the very laws of necessity. Such,
too, will be the case with regard to Texas, when
annexed to the Union. Annexation has sometime!
been improperly advocated as a southern measure
The truth is, it is a great northern measure; and
while it will save the South from positive injury by
enmnetition it will nnen broad channels for north
em commerce, and rich fields for northern enter
prise. We repeat, that no section of the Union it
as much interested in the extension of southern ter
ritory as is the North; and to no section will the annexation
prove as profitable and important."
FEDERALISM SHOWING ITS STING.
"But war. in the aapect tliatitcumes.it it coinaa now
hai, with sll ill horror*, one redeeming feature. It wil
abolish slavery! Yen, a war to protect ilavery will termi
nate its existence. Our enemies well know where we ar<
most vulnerable. They will strike wheie our defences an
weakest. The slave now knows how his own liberty is t<
he achieved, and will not, as in out two past wars, he fount
driving rivets into his chains. Kngland, when ihe sets he
hostile foot upon our toil again, will proclaim Jrtedom to th
enslai ed. And the slave, accepting the boon, willltund by th
? ide of hi* deliverer,lighting far the ransom of hi* fact.
"bet the South, then, for the sake of aluvery, plunge in
into u war about Texas; or let President Polk, by his sill]
flourish about Oregon, bring us into collision with Knglsmj
at their per il I It will cost the North much blood and treas
ure. But the retribution?the just retribution of the Bouti
will he apnalling. I.et them w antonly provoke war, if the]
will, in lull view ol its responsibilities."
The above is from the Evening Journal of Ins
night. No common! is needed, to bring into boldci
relief the infitmy of its sentiments. The words spcal
for themselves. The thought and hope?the purpose
indeed, which they reveal, in one of treason, cow
ardly, cruel, and faithless. The threat is dislinctlj
made, that the assertion of our right* in Oregon?
the assertion of any right which England may diB
pute, and the extension of the federative systen
over the independent republic of Texas, are to b<
persisted in "at the peril" of the vengeance of tin
British crowri?areto be punished by British troops
aided by the cruel and infamous alliance of thi
blacks of the South, and?we suppose the Journa
will hnrdly affect to conceal it?by the sympnthetii
allies of the British and negroes at the North.
The suggestion is not new; but it is new from at
American source. In the revolutionary contest, tin
British ministry proclaimed its purpose to avail ilscl
of the Indian tribes against the colonists; and theelo
(juent rebulte of Burke against such an inhuman al
Itance?one of the noblest specimens of British par
liamentary eloquence?recorded the sentiment will
which the whole civilized world regarded the propo
sition. During the last contest with Great Britain
that power disclaimed so cruel and savage n polio]
of warfare; and its incitements of the savage tribei
against us were made in secret and with shame, nni
the summary punishment of its ngents by whicl
our government avenged itself (as in the case of Ar
buthnot and Ambrister) was suffered to go unte
buked. The public sentiment of the world revollei
then at the idea of such an unnatural aggravation o
the horrors of warfare, and they will not be mori
likely to tolerate it now. The Journal will find lha
its proposition is too atrocious even for British noli
cy, and that it has merely earned the shame of in
venting an infamy against its country, too gross fo
even the drclared enemy of that country to put it
practice.?Many Mas.
Ji'doe Bronson.?The superior court for tin
county of 8t. John's adjourned on Monday last
With this court, we believe, ended the services o
his honor Judge Bronsou as United States judge o
the eastern district of the Territory of Florida?at
office which he has filled for the last five years will
ability, promptness, and impartiality. Possessei
of the highest order of legal attainments, he hai
been ever ready to meet the most intricate and ab
struse points of |aw presented for his consideration
with a promptness almost incredible; and with easi
he has ai vested the most complicated cases of their su
perfluous dressing, and in a moment arrived at tin
pint tin* nrmrrovLv nf thf ujihp ttffhrft him. Hii
blnndness and affability of deportment have gainei
for him the confidence of his fellow-citizens, to a|
of whprn hp litis endeared himself, and W unaffeet
ed dignity so natural to|iim commanded, \\ithout ai
effort, their profound respect. The Judge, will
his amiable and interesting family, have left for hii
native State, intending to spend a few months in re
taxation, after his most onerous und arduous duties
sweetening the enjoyment by scenes and reminis
eences of his earliest days. He will return to Flor
ida in the autumn?by which time we hope to b
able to greet him as a judge of the United State
court for this district. We know of no one bette
calculated to do credit to the appointment of Mr
Polk, or who would be more acceptable to the peq
pie generally. In talcing leave Of the J|udge> w
wish him a pleasant passage, a happy meeting will
his friends, an agreeable summer, a speedy returi
to our midst, and as much happinesses in the cours
of things in this suhlunary world ran fall to the lo
of the virtuous and good.?St. *1uqvstint .\tirt
July 12.
m ????? ?
Prom IJie Richmond Enquirer.
ORATION OF GKN. GORDON.
Gektlemkm: . Being at Louisa court,and licarinj
that Genera! Gordon had been solicited to delive
an address on the life and death of Gen. Andrev
Jackson, I walked into the court-house, and foum
a large number of citizens assembled to hear ih
eloipittrici) of ins chivuirous and patriotic Gordon 01
so interesting an accasion.
The orator was entirely unprepared, and ob
served to the assembly that he was taken by sui
prise, and that it was but a few moments befor
, that the citizens had called on him to speuk of s<
great and good a man as the patriot Jackson; yet, h
could not resist the call,
He coptmenpe^ with the ]ife of Jackson; hisgrea
exertions, whep but a boy, in defence of his coun
try; fyia driving the savage from tne horde pa of Jp
adopted Ktalf qf fpnnpsiieei, his military and ciyi
acts, that had stamped his impress on his State; hi
conduct in the late war with Great Britain; his Sem
inole campaign; and hiB final triumph over the cne
mi oh nf hid r.nunlrv At Now Orlnnnu na (miner
victory that eclipsed those of the most rcnownei
generals in the Old World. He said the statesman p
wejl as the patriot would over cherish his memor;
with deep-felt gratitude, on account of Jackson1'
Seat exertions for the annexation of Texas. Oi
is branch of the subject, the speaker excellei
himself. He seemed nlmoet to forget the theme
gnd wept into the history of tips bca'titifol country
gave an qccoupf of the battle qf San Jacinto; aip
said that no othsr man understood the importance
of this acuuisilion better than the soldier and states
man, Andrew Jackson. He spoke in the mos
eloaucnt and feeling manner of the close of the lifi
of inis astonishing man. He said he died as hi
had lived for many years?a sincere believer in thi
Christian religion; and that the events and plreutrv
stances attendant on hi* last moments were enougl
to shake the faith of tho stoutest infidel. Ho said
the religious instruction that Jackson had reccivet
from Ins mother, when n boy, he had never los
sight of; and that we were all indebted to our font
mothers for religious instructions. "Oh! sirs," salt
he, "your unworthy speaker h?d a fund mother
too, to give, and ditf give, this instruction. But I
did not as 1 ought " [Here the (feelings of thi
orator had carried himself, as well as his hearers
beyond their control. The heart-felt tear dropnec
from every eve.l He, in a moment, proceeded
and concluded the orattop by a eulogy on tin
beautiful form of out republican government; ant!
remarked, that the distinguished man whom wo a!
loved, ana to whose memory we had met to pay i
tribute of respect, had done more to extend the arn
qffrertltm, than any other living being. Let us em
ulate his deeds, his virtues, ana his patriotism.
A correspondent
July Ik, 164k.
Bu A. Green, Auctioneer.
SAILBOAT AT AUCTION.?On Saturday, th?
19th instant, I shall sell, at 6 o'Hock p. m., on the
canal at the 14th street bridge, the fine and fasi
sail-boat Nautilus, clinker built and copper fastened
and in fine sailing order schooner rigged.
Terms cash GREEN, Auctioneer.
July 15?eo3t
The above sale ia postponed, in consequence
of the rain, until Wednesday, the 24lh instant, same
hour and place. A. GREEN,
July 81 Auctioneer.
Dentistry.?Da. van patten win continue
at his office without interruption this
summer, that all who desire may, at any time, avail
themselves of his services. He refers most confidently
to the piadipal profession, and the citizens
generally. Office a few doors from Brown's and
Coleman's hotels, Penn. avenue.
July 17?3m*
Extructs from the last Paris Utter of the
| National Intelligencer of the 30ih ult.,
received by the Britannia.
The debate in the British House of Commona,
i on the 24th inatant, on Mr. Hutt'a motion respecting
t the inefficacy of the English system for the supi
presaion of the slave-trade, furnishes instructive
i matter on the whole subject, and some curious pas'
sages about national phariaaism. Mr. Hutt con>
tended that, while the British rulers had 'neater and
higher duties' culpably neglected, there-was no oblit
gation to assume the tusk of putting down the slavei
trade among other people, or "patrolling the world
i to nut it down." He thought that foreign nations
i did not like to be told by England, "We are more
i virtuous than you"?to be magisterially admonished
, and lectured on morality.
i Mr. Hutt did great injustice, 1 am sure, to the
i United States, in his assertion and argument that
they still import African-born negroes from abroad,
I "through Cuba and Texas;" and he himself undertook
to lecture and admonish in a strain ratified by
"loud cheers:"
"You may say there are other slave-trading countries
I thau Culm end Uruzil; hut let even them beware let Tessa
beware?let the I'nited Htstes of America beware Should
that menacing meteor, which is now blackening all the horizon
oi Cuba and Brazil, ever burst upon the country, its
mission will hsnlly be accomplished till it has visited
brighter borders ana lairer cities. And il the proud n>publie
of North America shall not learn to avoid the calamities
in her career?if she shall still persist in encouraging the
growth of slavery and the practioea of the slave-trade?she
may one day see the most prosperous provinces of the
present I 'nion confederated w ith the half-savage dominions
of Hayti."
[A few, very few, of the Americana, may be employed
in importing alavea into Brazil. Thin, however,
ia not confined to the Americans. The British
merchants arc equally, if not mote, concerned in the
slave-trade. And this too may be said?that no representative
of any foreign country at Rio Janeiro
has taken so much pains to cut ofT this shameful
traffic as otir minister there. . Mr. Wise's exertions
have never flagged for one moment, though made
at the risk of offending every person concerned,
whether American or not. We understand that his
correspondence with the State Department hns been
active, indefatigable, and extensive beyond description.
But to make any other insinuation?to say,
for example, thut the United Stales are importing
slaves from Africa "through Cuba and Texas," as
Mr. Hutt seeins to have done in Parliament?is to
asaert wnat is auogeincr wmioui tounoaiion. it is
j a gratuitous slander upon our'Country, which can1
not be too strongly and indignantly repelled.?
c Union.]
) I enclose for you a report (quite insufficient) of
p what was pronounced in the Chamber of Deputies
f on the 27th instant, on the submission of the appropriation
bill for the new treaty of slave-trade sup*
pression. The discussion is adequately reported in
the "-Womfeur" of the 28th inst. Mr. Guixot creates
! "a necessity of naval matters," "a necessity of the police
of the seas," tantamount to a right under the
law of nations; and maintains that what the French
' Chambers have declared to lie piracy, France may
g deal with universally as such. The " CoiutihUionj
ntl" (organ of Mr. Thiers) speaks thus :
T "Frightened at the gravity of the question, the Tentrer
manifcvtecl a itiaiike to all diaouaaion. M. Ilenia and M.
Mangiiin were greeted with murmurs of impatience. It
- seemed us if they were alraid of learning that the treaty
J wax tiad, aa they were determined to vote it; the majority
f preferred not examining it. However, M. Dtipin demanded
if article ? did not contain the germ, under another name, of
!' the right of aearch, which France had determined to have
t abolished! The reply of the Minuter of Foreign AH'aira did
. not diaaipate doubt. It apjieared evident to all that the
principle adopted was the F.nglish one, und not the American,
and the ( haniher did not allow itaelf to be movad by a
r clap trap period < f M. Ouixot at the end about generoua
1 paaaiona One ought to be aatoniahed that this coemapolite
passion of humanity ahP.tlld be applied to the western
coast of Africa alone, and that the eastern coast should be
neglected. The two sentiments which acted on the assem.
tdy were a determination to vote the bill, and distrust of the
treaty. All discussion, therefore, became useless, and even
' misplaced We shall have more than once to judge of this
treaty by its consequences. What we fear most at present
f is, that, coupled with the yielding ofthe ministry intheaA'air
, ofTexas, it may separate us from the United States, to the
advantage of Knglund. Let us render thanks to M. Pupin
J for|huving once more spoken in favor of the liberty of the
1 seas."
9 The editop qf the *' SiHc/e," a deputy, gave us
yesterday an intelligent column and a half on the
' treaty. He taxes it with having dangcroutly multie
plied points of contact between lite French and Eng"
lish squadrons; stipulated unequally for the two, in
B favor of the latter;'and sacrificed or endangered,
i directly or implicitly, the old principle of the frcei
dom of the seas. T(ieaj! topics qre we]l unfolded.
1 He proceeds . 'I. France has made no change for the
secondary nations bound to her l?y visit-con ven1
bona for the suppression of the slave-trade. She
I has extricated herself (Vom her similar conventions
8 with Great Britain ; they remain under both British
and French law of search. That right of visit
'? which we proclaim to be?for ourselves?odious,
* intolerable, destructive of our inde|tendence and
~ trade, is to lie exercised still, even by us, on other
c nations. The .eighth article is ambiguous, at leuat;
9 the instructions to which it refers rather enjajge
r thnn restrict the cases of examination. Enlarging
' piracy is faci|jtqt.ne British abuse of the veriifiea"
iion of the flag. Many years ago, the Duke of
e Broglie himself declared that the international lav/ of
? piracy is one which noparticular go,eminent or goII
vernmeuts have a right to create or annul, amplify,
e or curtail."
1 The debated in the British House of Coram0"!
'? on the 17th, 19th, and 20ah instant, on the New
Zealand-ouealinn, are {t most instructive and impressive
exposition of British law and practice, and vindication
of the American, in regard to the aborigines
of the Western hemisphere. It is rare to find a
speech so able in every particular as that of Mr. C.
? Boiler, who opened the question, and may lie said
r to have swept the whole. What I would nave you
' remark, in connexion with the French pretensions
in Oceanica, is lite following passage of the speech :
"Considerations of the greatest moment do indeed I'iye
1 great political importance to the possessing of New Zealand.
Our trade with the Pacific it daily Ihcreuslng in exi
tent. Oqr relations with other powera in that oeean ure
.. getting to lie very delicate. Franco has possession of the
Friendly Islands and the Marquesas, 'l'he United States
c have virtual possession of the Sandwich Islands. The
0 American coast of this greut oceen r.r?ehts the important
g dominion of chili, I't-ry, Mpxiro. with the possible?the very
prqhahle?commiinickfion across the Isthmus of Darken, and
our vaWahle'terrllory of the Ori'gon. On the Asiatic aide,
'? you have'the far greater commerce pf t h([\?, the I'Uiilip
pine Islands, grul the Italian Arc.fiipeiago. A tlritish colony
$ 'H N.PW fMl'J nil q pqld b.e the natural master of this ocean,
T the It resistible arbiter of all ita complicated relations and
important interests. Its position would command the Fa.
cine; its numerous harhors would supply shelter, its vast
- forests materials, lor the greatest navy In the world. You
? might make it, in truth, the Britain of the southern hemisphere:
there you might concentrate the tr-julp uf the Fa1
ciflc, and from that new seat of your ilamliiion y on might
I give laws and mannyf) fu a ueW world, upholding subject
g reefs, a?d imposing your w ill on the strong, [cheers.)"
y While the anglo-Saxon race in our Union are iqs
ceaaanily accused and reviled in the ^rit^wgi jo.nri
nals for extending their settlements, Jflr Bfillgf said;
' It It pryjigstereus to expvet that the existence of such a
I population qn pnrlmns of the soil of a vast country ought to
j exclude the rest of mankind from turning the unoccupied
1 soil to account. Uod gave the earth to man to use?not to
, particular races, to prevent all other men from using.
[Hear.] He planted the prinritde of increase in gs: he limited
our existence to no purticular soil or climate, but gave
t us the power of ranging over the wide earth. I apply to
S the savage no principle which 1 shoulj pot apply to the
B most civilized people or the WtythV If,'by any unimaginable
calamity, the ponuhtjop of France, for instance, were re'
ductal (rum the Aa.unO,000, which it now maintains, to 200..
r 000. which is about the proportion of the population of New
y Zealand: and If lliasc 1100,000 were almost limited to Britanny
ond Normandy, and cultivated, as the New Zcalsndcrs
J do, no more than one acre in a thousand, do you think we
' should allow this handful of men to deyote [hat one country
I to perpetual barrenness? [Cheers.)''
1 Thy Av^er?c^n occupants of Texan, Oregon, and
I California are itigmatiged aa maraudem, apoilcra,
< and brigand*; yet Mr. Huller was heard with uniI
veraal approbation, in the Houae of Commons, in
s these sentiments:
i "OuraetlU-rc.on leaving Kngland to live in a country in
I which no law prevailed, had formed an engagement to live
tinder a voluntarily oaiistitpted a.ithoritj ofthelr own sell
lection from timing tliemaelvei. L'ndotthUdly it wai unr
seemly to publish Thia In Kngland; bat, whe.n the settlen
I got out to New Zealand. I know nothing more natural and
1 nereaaary. nothing more ionocrnt in the way of Action, than
i their combining thus to atipply the want of regular governmrnt,
hy enforcing Kngllsh law under the nominal authority
of Kpttnl and Warepori. The Houae mint allow me to
" aaattme that it *(>< ? with me in my general views of the ad
vantagea of colqniieiiou; tiiat it sympathizes with what I
nitiat make bold to regard aa the general feeling of every intelligent
peraon in tni? country out of tha colonial olhre-,
with what repeated petition" ahow to be the atynng and deliberate
opinion of your moat eminent mercnanta,-that it ia
a great benefit to thia caanlry to eateitd the employment of
our shipping and our seamen, to aecnrt new "ourrea of
i atipply for the raw ihateriala of our manulkcturea, and open
market! independent of the policy of other patiyna; ty provide
the destitute with a >\bR\K ubyr;hoaest latter may in1
aure a subsistence; to augment the influence of the British
, name, and to spread over the fartheal emit of the earth our
language, OUT arts, and our instilutiuna. (f heera.l I have
been reading lately a book by Mr. Jerninjham Wakefield,
one of the Aral aettlera in Cook'a Straits, giving a
plain, unpretending, and therefor* all the more intereat,
Ing, narrative of the flrat eventa of these settlements. I
know nothing more affecting tfiiu the aacounts which he
give# of the improyetnents which lie saw. whenever, after
an abaenca of a lew months, be visited Wellington, or New
Plymouth, or Nelson. Incidents of the prettiest character,
and every-day familiarity In our llvea, are the great epochs
In hit chronicle of a new society. Now.be describes to yon
the landing of a body of emigrants, their Arat rude shifts,
thfiir cheerful and unselfish community in labor; then he
describes the tame spot with log-houses and incipient gardens;
snd then with pride hu contemplates bricV dwellings,
farduua and H>? flowers, fruits, vegetables, and harvests of
ngtand. Every step in the progress '* duly chronicled.
It would be impossible for me, by collecting these Imtges
together, to raise in your minds that Impression which The
hook, without laboring to do ao, creates by these incidental
. ivm un II |B an impiYMion of frctt indtitlry. fr*tt com* I
/ *
[ fort; above ell. ol rapid, ttrady, aacure progrfM. Vou feal
i thai hare, at leaat, ail the Aral diacomiorM and perils of a
I colony are got over. There is no appearance of external
hostility. Tne savages are turned into laborers and domes*
tic servants, attached to the various families of the colo*
nists, accustoming themselves to European habits and Euro*
paan comforts It seems certain that the colony will very
soon be independent of external supplies of food; nay. that
before long it will be able to purchase luxuries by exports
of food, and wool, and oil. and flax, and timber. All that
these people needed or asked * as to continue* unmolested
In their honest toil. 1 think a wise ruler could have had
no mixture of fitSllM in contemplating such a scene He
must have seen with pleasure the destitute enabled by
honest industry to raise the food w hich he wauted, nud the
uutouchrd forest uiade subservient to the good of man He
would have suid, 'Uo on, and Ciod'a blessing on your labors,
and count on me for being ever ready and willing to aid and
encourage you. and turn out of your path any harm that
evil mischance may luiug across it.' "
INSPECTION OF HEMP.
Navv Department, July 18, 1845.
Sir: In the instructions which you may hereafter
have occasion to give to the agents for testing,
inspecting, und purchasing American water-rotted
hemp for the use of the navy, you will authorize
the inspection and lest that may be made at the
several agencies in the hemp-growing regions to be
final and conclusive, instead of requiring them to
be repeated at Boston.
Wnenever it shall become necessary to procure
further supplies of hemp, you will direct that contracts
be made for its delivery at either of the agencies
established; the department to be at the risk and
expense of conveying it thence to the Charlestown
yard, or wherever else it may be wanted.
1 fully appreciate the considerations which have
heretofore induced you to require the final inapec
lion to be made at the place of manufacture, and
have not, without hesitation, adopted a different
conclusion. But from a careful perusal of the resolutions
of Congress on the subject, and the opinions
of some of the legislators who assisted in passing
them, 1 cannot resist the conviction that they were
designed to encourage the culture of this important
staple, by opening to its producers u valuable market
in their own region. To require them to sell
at an inspection twelve hundred miles distant from
their homes, must operate in a great measure to deprive
them of this market ; and have a tendency,
therefore, to defeat the expressed in entions of
I Congress in their behalf.
Entertaining this opinion, and feeling a deep interest
in whatever concerns the agriculture of the
country, I am induced to hazard the slight inconvenience
and expense which may temporarily result
to the government from the proposed change, for
the sake of the permanent benefit which it may confer
upon it in the increased culture, improved quality,
and reduced prices of American hemp. While
our agents at the West ure competent and faithful
j in the discharge of their duties, the department may
reasonably rely upon them, or upon such special
agents as it may appoint, for a safe and rigid inspection
of the supplies which may be offered for their
approval ; and the risk of transporting the quantity
thus approved to the place where it is required for
manufacture, Congress seems to have devolved, by
its recent action, upon the government.
One of the principal reasons which have induced
your previous action on this subject, appears to be
that provision of Congress which requires all supplies
for the navy to be furnished, after public advertisement,
by the lowest bidder. You will meet
the requirements of this law, and the purposes of the
congressional resolves, to which 1 have referred, by
advertising, in the first instance, exclusively for
American hemp ; and you wrll allow foreign hemp
to come into competition with our own, only When
the latter cannot De obtained on the conditions prescribed
by law.
Acknowledging the interest which you have uniformly
manifested in this important subject, and
assuring you of the diffidence with which I direct
this change in your accustomed action,
I am, very respectfully, yours,
GEORGE BANCROFT.
Commodore C. Morris,
Chief of Bureau of Construction, Ac.
. Hf.mp Ai.ency for Kentucky,
Louisville, June 9, 1845.
Sir: In a former letter you were informed that I
had got possession of the hemp apparatus for testing
the strength of hemp. 1 secured an eligible position
for using it, and a convenient office adjoining,
for the use of the agency, for the sum of one hundred
dollars per annum, to be puid quarterly.
Persons interested in hemp were anxious to witness
the operation of the machine- 1 had four parcels
of hemp spun into bolt rope?No. I, American
water-rotfed hemp; No. 2, Riga Heine hemp, (these
two were taken from the boxes sent (Vom Boston;)
No, 3, Rhodian hemp, (this is a new article, broke
and cleaned without being rotted, either by water or
dew. After being thoroughly cleaned, it it nut
intn n nlntin mr.f in^if rnnm a ittl tltnn ViualAtl l>n
sleartt until it is sufficiently cured, .lumps.Anderson,
who claims this discovery, in of opinion that it
will answer every pufpose that water-rotted hemp
will;) and No. 4, common dew-rotted hemp. The
rope was not of a uniform sire; from whien fact, 1
concluded to make a second tent trial, and send you
i the statement. The editors ot the city papers were
present, and a number of intelligent gentlemen.
The enclosed printed paper is the gueounl of this
trial.
At Lexington ) had an interview' with Mr, Hamilton,
my predecessor. He said he had clot ed his
accounts with the department; that he had no
money belonging to the government; that he had
| kept na book of his transactions as agent. He
handed to me some letters and copies of instructions
that he had received, and gave me the following list
of articles belonging to the United States government,
purchased for the use of the hemp agency at
Lexington, viz:
One hemp press, Warner's patent, cost J150.
One halchel.
One desk.
| A box of samples of hemp, tS; c
I The hatchel and box of sample hemp I have tli'
reeled to he sent to Louisville, and ordered a sale of
the desk.
The press is the one most approved by shippers
of hemp. It can be sold for nearly cost, or retained
for use, should it be thought, hereafter, advisable
tp purchase heran in Kentucky.
I have visited the hemp district of most importance
in Kentucky?the counties of Franklin,
Woodford, Sootl, Fayette, and Bourbon; had a free
eonversation with many growers of hemp, gentlemen
of intelligence and liberal views. I am Of
opinion that contracts could be made for the growing
crop, to be water-rotted, from three to five hundred
tons, to be delivered at Louisville, of a quality
equal to any purchased by the government, at one
hundred and fifty dollars per ton.
The counties of Mason and Fleming, in this Stale,
produce large quantities of hernp. The shipping
point for these is MaywUe. t think of visiting
I them next mouth.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
LEWIS SANDERS.
Commodore C. Mourns,
Chief of Bureau of Construction, Ac,
Kentucky Hemp Agency,
Louisville, June 9, 1845.
A second testing, proving the strength of three
sorts of hemp, (by the government apparatus,) was
made to-dav lit the presence of a numlier of hinMo
intelligent gentlemen.
To Mr. Hnwes, n rope-maker of this place, was
delivered 25 lbs, No. 1 American wntcr-iotted
hemp, 25 lbs. No. 2 Riga Reine hemp; (these two
fiarcels are fair selections out of the two boxes of
iemp sent to this agency from the navy-yard at
Boston, for comparison with Kentucky production;)
and 25 lbs. No. 3 Rhodian hemp?the latter waa
cured by heat; the method of doing it will hereafter
be communicated to the department by Mr. James
Anderson, of this cityMr
I {awes was requested to make bolt rope of
each parcel of hemp, as near 1} inch in circumference
as he could, to spin the yarn uniformly alike,
and to make nnd lay the rope, the same way. Ten
feet in length of each numtier was cut off nnd accurately
weighed.
No. 1. American water-rotted, 10 feet
weighed 14} oz., measured in circumference
1 7-10 in. parted at - 2,940 lbs.
No. 2. Russia, 10 feet, weighed 14} ov.
measuring 1 8-10 in. parted at - 2,218 lha.
No. 3. Rhodian (Anderson's) 13} oz.,
measuring in circumference 1 6-1Q
(n. parted at - * i -> . 9,440 lbs.
LEWIS SANDERS,
Hemp Agent. 1
Lorisvn.i.t, June 9, 184ft. j
In the three lots of hemp presented to ine, I found
the water-rotted producea more low then either of i
the three; and the Rhodian, less in'^the same mode
of hackling.
Respectfully, yours,
H. W. HAWES.
Mr. Lewii Sanseri, Hemp Agent.
In order to mak? the comparison ui the preceding
experiment* fair, it is necesenry to reduce these
results to. what they would hare been with ropes of
the same sise. We may assume the compactness
of the twist and the weight of the fibre to lie nearly
the same; as the difference in the circumference cj
the ropes accounts very nearly for t^e difference in
their weights. We shall suppose, then, that each
rope had been 18-10 inch in circumference. The
strength, by a well-Known principle, in directly proI
phrlional to the area of a transverse section;
llir.it: arraa ar? a* the squares of the ciicumfcr,,^
Take the caee of the Rhodian hemp. If i g.1(v
1 G-10 gives 2,440, what will 1 0-10X1 8-10
The reault ta 3,108. '
Reducing the reault of No. 1, the 'aame H
3,296. So that the experiment may be m.',L
follows:
No. 1. American water-rotted - No.
2. Riga Reine - ? - . joig
No. 3. Rhodian - 3']^
The difference between the first and third ii r
more than might be expected in different aprcim^
of the same kind of hemp; whilst the difference!?
! tween them, and the eecond or Russian hemp
1 very considerable, and much to the advantage ofiL
former. Tlietc experiments will be continued;
we aball have more to any on their importance herw
after.
From the Trenton Kmporium Ju;v
NEW JERSEY SLAVE CASE.
The supreme court, now in session in thia cita
delivered their opinion in this interesting case yli
terday. Their decision sustains the law of
as it existed prior to the adoption of the new c<2
stitution, and is unanimous, with the exceptionj
the chief justice, who dissents, and Judge Whiw
head, who, not having heard the argument, gaWlkJ
opinion.
Judge Nevius gave a written opinion, in triad
Judge Carpenter concurred; and Judge Randolph
gave a written opinion to the same effect. Theehatf
justice slated his disaenl verbally.
The opinion of Justice Nevius goesontoiup
that the proceedings in this case were designed 1,
investigate and settle the question, whether slaverv
can exist in this State under its present conititm^
and laws?whether it liaa ever had a legal tauten,
I and. if so. whether its existence > ...n
was the laio of the case on which the rnurt ??
called to pronounce. ,
He went on to quote largely from suthormes,),
show that the relation between master anil elate bg
been recognised by law from time immemorul. Qo
this point he referred to the grants in Cartem',
time, (16G4,) to the minutes of the Colonial Aiwably,
(16:30 and 1694,) and the instructions of Log
Coru bury, (1702,) and the not* of 1713,1751,17ft,
and 1769, which were quoted to show that, *|m,
New Jersey wss a colony, the institution of slartrr
was tolerated, recognised, guarantied, and regulaig
by law.
As early us 179rt, the legislature declared, br
statute, that every negro then a slave should reran
a slave till regularly manumitted, according loth
terms prescribed by law; and this court has, fro?
time to time, protected the claim of the martsria
the sLivc.
In 1820 the legislature udopted a plan for the gnj.
ual abolition of slavery, in which the reUtiooof
master and sluve was again recognised, and undo
which slavery has neatly disappeared; the numbs
being reduced, according to the late remus, to (ft,
who have, according to the act, u leval claim?
their masters for maintenance, in case of inability a
support themselves, unless the law is rendered nugatory
by the new constitution.
The learned judge then went on to disrtmtk
point, whether the new constitution had aboliskd
the law of slavery. The first section w the billot
rights was quoted as follows:,
"All men are by nature frae and independent, ui
have certain inalienable rights, among which n
those of enjoyinp|and defending life and liberty, *
quiring, possessing, and protecting property, and of
pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness:"
The learned judge, in relation to this clause, re.
marked, that the convention, in framing this fundamental
law, set out with the general propotitki,
that men in their social stale are free to adopt thhr
own forma of government, and enact their on
laws;?that they are independent of all foreign ?
cieties and governments, and of the will of any on
n\un or net of men;?that, in framing their laws,they
have a right to consult their own safety and happt
neas, whether in the protection of life and liberty, or
the acquisition of properly;?that the language uid
was never intended to be applied to man in hii private,
individual, or domestic capacity, or to debit
his individual right#, or interfere with his domestic
relations. He regarded it as speaking of nee a
their social capacity; and thought that if the conns
tion intended to abolish slavery, which wised
known to exist, and with it the right of the muitr
to hia slave, and the right of the slave to protectee
and maintenance, no one can doubt that the franen
of the constitution would have engrafted on it torn
clear and definite provision for effecting their ohisi
nnd not left 10 important a question, and oat
which involved such grave consequences, to depend
on the construction of an indefinite . and absnn
proposition.
He went on further to say, thnt it had been Jetcrmined
by the federal and State courta, that the
language used in the federal constitution, and in da
Declaration of Independence of similar import,did
not diaturb the lawa in relation to slavery, or inur
way affect the rights of masters or slaves.
In examining the decisions of the Massaehua#
courts and those of Virginia, the learned judp
showed that they differed in their construcuoi i
similar provisions; and in this conflict of opinio*
among judges, the present case must rest on *ht
this court shall consider the fair, egal, and safetwH
at ruction. He concluded by saying, that, front tla
best consideration which he had been able to pa
the subject, he was of opinion?
1. Thnt tho relation of master nnd slave exia?d
by law at the adoption of the constitution in 18U.
3. That that constitution has not destroyed d*
relation, or abolished slavery.
3. That the colored man, William, should be itmnndetl
to the custody of the defendant.
BALTIMOHELIPK INSURANCECOMPAM,
INCOHPOn ATKD IN 1 830,
JVo. 13 South street.
CHARTER PERPETUAL.
THIS company makes insurances on lira fc
one or more years, or for life, at the follow?
rates per annum, per one hundred dollars.
.4 K e. One year Se ren yrnn. It
as pi on $i u V*
*s i | 63 5,1
4* \ at i i?ti
00 ? sr. 4 01 7 *
and intermediate ages p.t proportionate rates; ad
the premiums payable semi-annually or QOttTUi'i
if preferred.
Buys ami stlh gsnnuilies?-grant* enJowmnn If
rhildrtn~maJces all contracts in which lift or Ik*
tertsl of money is inrolred. ?
Tiie policies of insurance may be made !*" *
to n wife, child, or any other person designatedj
the assured. By an act of the State of Marys*
1840, chapter 313, insurances made by inf**
women on the Uvea of their husbands arc fully f*
tected from all elaims of creditors.
The proposals and rates, as well as blank M*
of application, may be obtained at the office of *
company, or it* agents.
JOHN I. DONALDSON, PresidentRichard
B. Dorset, Secretary.
James H. Causten, Agent for Washington.
June 3?dlv
House and lot at auction -on\wnrsday
afternoon, 23d July, at ft o'docy
m., I will sell on the premises Lot 44, in aquirt
M3, fronting twenty-five feet five inches on 4J
near the United States nrsenal, and running*
hundred and fifty feet deep, to a thirty ft" ""I'
with improvements, consisting of a large thrt*^
brick house, containing nine spacioua room*."
stable and aut-hoiiMCM of brick, built in it' **
substantial manner. Attached to the houseu'J*
planted with the moat choice grafted fruit- 1
neighborhood is highly respectable and hf?W
title indisputable; house situated on 4' aire",
the United Statea arsenal. ,
Terms of sale?one-third cash, the baton" f
and twelve months.
william MARSHALL.
A notion*'jitly
18?St.
UN 1 O N OOfPttt COMPANY.?K**!
hereby given, that an assessment of two
tors per share has been laid on the stock of thw
pony, payable on or before the 5th of Augs*
ensuing, at the office of the secretary and ,r^"V
F street, near the Treasury Department,
ton, or to Jos. H. Adams, escj., presiilen'
New England Mutual Marine Insurance Comr"*
State street, Boston.
THOS. L. SMITH.
i July 14 -3tw3w Sac*y and TrfM"" .
Bm ! & Wriffkt, GforictornSUGAR
AND MOLASSES AT AUCTION
On Wednesday next, the 93d ii.startt,
o'clock n. m., on F. A A. H. Dodge's wherf.w'*^
of the schooner L. L, Sturgeas, from May*?1^
Porto Rico, consisting of?
138 hhds. prime augnr
64 do superior sinm mola*nw. 1
E. S. WRIGHT, Auction**
July 18?iA* Georyc'^,
FRRNCH^VRITINQ INK ?Ju?t ""P?Ir|^
wet from Pnrii, by FRANCE TAW"S
mall supply of the abort from the nianufat'0
GUyot et Cte., Rue due Mouton, No. 4, ? ' ^
perior in quality to anything the adrertisef
in Wi.obuvpon. '
April ^1