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THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE- DETAILS OK THE NEWS BY THE STEAMER VAN DEB BILT. The mail* ul the steamer Vanderbill reached tbia city yesterday morning- By thin arrival we have Ixindun and lJverpooi iki|?|i of a* late a date u the 22d ultimo. It una rumored iu Paris that Lord Btratfonl de Redrlifle would be recalled from Constantinople, aud probably be succeeded by Lord Howdcn, the English ambassador at Madrid. Tire European aud Indian Junction telegraph Hue is about to lie carried out from Bagdad northward. The draft of the new constitution lor the Danish Duchies had Is-en Lid before the HoLtcin estates. The Duchy of HoLtein is to have a legislature and admiuistrutiou for its own xjseial affairs. Hie Sovorr ign is to be represented by a minister of the Duchies of Holstem and Iataenlierg. No law is to be enacted, altered, or annulled without the oouacnt of the estates; but the resolutions of the Gerk manic Diet may l>e promulgated in the Duchy of ^iolsteiu in virtue of tire federal constitution. A telegraphic despatch from Constantiuo]de announces that the Sultan Iras communicated to those European amirosxador* who hart suspended relations with the Porte tluit he Is oecupiesi in the formation of his new ministry, and tirnt until the cabinet should be constructed diplomatic intercourse woidd not be resumed. Tin- master and chief and second mates of the strip Martha and Jane, of Sunderland, have la-en sentenced to ? -i is. 1 t? ?i?:? i,u,.?? ? amil 01 IJYrrjMJOl IW uiuiuum^ nuwivn ?au*v, nlnan, l>y continued ill-treatment and brutal usage. General Gustavo* Von Dtgtafcld, one of the moot distinguished officers in the Austrian service, fifty yearn of age, haw blown out liiw bruins through a diwap|)ointment lu love. Orders had la-en received at Plymouth to prcjiarc for receiving I'nited States wteaui frigate Niagara into Keyham Win, should it l>e found nc-ewsary. Vice-Admiral Sir llart lug ton Hrynoldw visited the Niagara on the 18th, nnd in the evening entertainedCapt. Hudsonaud the officers of the frigate at dinner. It was said in Loudon that a plan had been submitted to the Hoard of Control ami the India House for establishing a postal communication with India via Asiatic Turkey. The diawcusi-HU iu tlie Greek Cliurch in Syria and Egypt appear to lie a? angry aw ever. Intelligence from Tunis of the 13th unuouncew that a sanguinary disturbance took place three dayw before against the Jews, aud even the C'hriwtiauw were menaced. Several persons were killed, und the Engliwli consul Insulted. Military measures of repression were adopted, but not until some grave disaster* hud taken place. Official confirmation hud been received lu England of the murders of the African travellers, Dr. Vogel aud Corporal Magi lire, royal engineers. ilie Russians were stated to iiave been defeated on the b^nks of the Kuban ; they lost G guns and 64 packhors ;s. It Is said that Scliamyl, with 25,000 Circassians, huu also defeated the lluwsinn army, which attempted to dislodge him from the bunks of a river commanding some [quaes. After a battle, which lasted ten hours, the Russians wore driven across the river. Several fortified places, built by the Russians at great cost for the maintenance of their communications, fell into Bcliamyl's hands. Despatches from Teheran hud been received at the Foreign Office in Paris. The news of the Bengal meeting liad produced a profound sensation in Persia. Fearing disturbances, the 81mh had determined not to reduce Ids army for the present. Queen Maria Christina was expected at Biarritz, and it was rumored that she was about to return to Spain, to t>c present at her daughter'* aooouebment, in October. TI1K ATLANTIC TKUBGBAPII COMPANY. 'Hi London Times says: A very lull meeting of the directors was held at their offices yesterday. '1'he fullest investigation Into the events which have led to the present pause in the undertaking, into the sufficiency of tiie appliances for paying out the cable, anil Into the additional arrangements and precautions which tiie valuable knowledge and experience gained by the late attempt will dictate in resjiectto future operations, has lieen committed to the charge of sub-committees Appointed for the purpose, to report to the general board. The direetora will sit in permanence till their future plan.; have been fully discussed and determine.! on. The appeal of the directors to the commanders of the several ships C'lmjxising the Atlantic telegraph squadron to come forward and aid the undertaking at this juncture with their advice and experience has been cordially responded to, and the following officers have arrived in town, uud will lie in consultation v.ith the directors this day : Copt. lVainwright, Leopard ; Capt. Sands, Susquehanna ; ('apt. Hudson, Niagara ; Master Com. Nodilall, Agamemnon ; and Lieut. Dayman, Cvelopg. Sufficient information lias already been obtained to show clearly that the present check to the progress of the work, however mortifying, lias been purely the result of an accident, and is in no way due to any obstacle in the form of tire cable, nor of any natural difficulty, nor of any cx|ieriencc that will in the future alfect in the slightest degree the entire success of the enterprise. The only sudden declivity of any serious magnitude from 410 fathoms to 1,700 fathoms lurd been safely overcome, the lieautiful flexibility of the cable Laving rendered itself, without Btrain, to circumstances which would prolrably have been its ruin had it been more rigidly con structeri. The combined influences of the low temperature of the water and the compression of the pores of tlie insulating medium hnd practically shown that the action of a telegraphic cable, so fur from luing impaired, is materially improved by being sunk in deep water. The only ilifticulty worthy of consideration which remained waa to demonstrate the practicability of making the splice in mid-ocean. This was put to experimental test by the engineer in a heavy sea subsequent to the accident ami before the return home of the ship*. The two ends on hoard the Niagara and Agamemnon were joined together, and the splice let down to the bottom into soundings of 2,000 fathoms, and during a heavy sea. The exi*eriment wus perfectly successful ; and these and all other circumstances which have beeu wrought out by the recent expedition have made more and more cheering and certain the prospect of complete success on the next occasion. [from llic IjwIuu Tails.-. Aug. --] rue mutinies in ikdia. We were favored at a late hour last night with the following telegraphic despatch, received through her Majesty's consul at Cngliari, Aug. 21, at 7.45, p. in. We publish it verbatim as we have received it: "Alexandria, Aug. 14?9, p. m. ?The Nubia arrived at Suez to-<hiy. She brings dates from Calcutta to the 21st July : Madras, 25th July ; Galle, 2xthJuly: Aden, ft tli Irtetant " The telegraphic message from Hues U meagre ami confused, and there in not time to receive explanation liefore the departure of the steamer Bo-tia for Mult*. " It i* stated that Delhi is not taken, but the date ia not given. " General Unmard i* reported to have died from dysentery. " The news given in the Douiltay Times of the 14th July by last mail reflecting the taking of Cawnporu by the rebel*, and the massacre of the Europeans there, k. confirmed. J lie Sue* telegraphic message then goes on to say as follows: ?' 'Siunxm and llimidaya arrived at Calcutta with aiiout 1,500 of China force* to proceed at once up oouutry. Only 300 more troop* expect**!, General Hanbclock's force*. " 'Rebel* beaten on three occasion*, and several guns taken, iietwen AllahaUid ami Cawnpore ; the latter retaken from Nana Sanib, whom Havelock is following up the Blittoe about ten mile*. " 'Sir Henry Lawrence died of wound* received in a sortie from I.ucknow, where nt present all ia well. " 'All the troop* In Onde mutinied. ' 'Agm all quiet. Native troop* disarmed. ' 'Gwallor contingent mutinied Supj>06cd to have marched on Indore " 'No political China news given. " 'The Trtu>*it government atoaiuvr totally lost in tlie Strait* of Sunda. Crew and troops all arrived at Sue* today. " 'This telegraph received from acting Consul General Green at Alexandria for the Karl of Clarendon. " 'Consul Cnaia.' " A Philadelphia correspondent say*: "Mr*. General Gallic* vliited German town on Friday lust, to obtain some facta relative to the time of the death of her grandmother, who long lived in Uermuntown, and whose remaiu* now Ho in the lower cemetery of that place. She says she ha* lieen in court tweuty-thrce yi ar* ; lia* completely gainoI her cause. and all she ha* got to do to obtain powre?lon of ber father's pnqierty i* simply to institute ?ulta of ejectmenta, which will be done unlex* a satisfactory compromise is effected " ^ jr WASHINGTON CITY. FRIDAY MORNING. MKPT. 4. 1867. Mr. buti 11 J*MKS, Km. J?J funis Trnlh alre?t, liilladflptii* | I* our general irmrvlliBg *(aul. by Wit. 11. Wiilii, Jotu Coi u?. Iamb* IhnbUMi, J. ll.*.HJtjrr. R p. jam*?, Tuo*. P. Nk*, U. W. Mint ; lu.-o*, K. W Wiurt, W* L. Winiuu*. A>WL H. Cahkui, D. K. Mr*I rat, Bin. 1'. s*i!x; T. \muat, and P. Pan*. MoHi. ( W. JAMkK. No. 1 lUrri-oii .Irivl LUicinu-ili, Obio, U our Iruxrtl AL-U-IH.^ ?, >( fur tlie W i--i.ru hu.u - tuul f??r, a-au.iM by | 11. J. Tmmmi, William 11. Tmomaa, Taw. M Jamma, Hr A. I. Ouuai, Udmici Moi-.hu>, ?nrt Rnuu 1jl.il* RmmApU ul fltbcr trill be good STATIC 1UUH1N AN I) STATE DIONITIKS. 1 lu framing the national constitution one of the great points of difference grew ou. of the question i of the extent of power to he committed to the general government, and what should he reserved to the States. The old federal party, now represented by tlio enemies of the democracy, sought to atrip the States of most of their powers, and to confer unlimited authority upon the newly-created government. The friends of democracy and State rights desired to continue the State authorities in almost unlimited supremacy. These differences were compromised, and resulted in our present constitution, which confers a few powers upon the federal government, and re| serves and guaranties all otherH to the several State ) authorities. The eucuiius of the democracy, not content with the powers conferred upon the national government, endeavored to secure those which they desired hy latitudiuous construction. This unauthorized claim of power has bepn resisted, from the formation of the constitution to the present time, hv the friends of democracy and State rightH. It now forms the great point of controversy between the democracy and their enemies. The former insist upon an honest, natural, and rational construction, while the latter seek to enforce one dishonest, unnatural, and irrational. One branch of the enemy demands a diroct interference with property recognised and protected in several States under the constitution, a... ..il,.,........i,..rA......1 ,..,fV>..i;,?, ,ii?. ""I" U,W VlUV' ?!** ???*? W ?? ??*? * ? * ?M.VV,?.0 ...? | criiuiuation between persons of iliffereut birth-places, J i neither of which in authorized !>y the constitution ' j nor l>j- the ]>lain, practical common sense of man- ' kind. The democratic party of that duy favored t the existence and perpetuation of State rights in all ] thoir purity and strongth. They approved the course i of honest and wise State-rights men, as democruts < of the present day do. They deemed State employ- < ments not less honorable than thoso of the nation, ] whether as richly paid or not. There is reason to | believe that, in their opinion, the nearer their service 1 to a free and independent people the more honora- f hie. Although Washington, JetFerson, Madison, and 1 Monroe served in the legislature of their State, ] neither aspired to the United States Senate, and Mr. < -Madison alone took a seat in the House. They, like many in later days, looked to their own States as a ! ] source of honor equal to the reasonable wishes and J expectations of any public man. A hundred men j have achieved Mute where one has won national , honors. State institutions shelter and protect us ] from the cradle to the grave. They define onr rights ( to life, liberty, and property, and provide the means , J of assorting our claim to them. They protect us on ( | our hearthstone, at the altar of (tori, am) when we ] exercise a freeman's privilege of choosing public j guardians. With few exceptions, every riglit, priv- j iloge, and duty appertaining to us. our wives and | children, is regulated and controlled by State laws, j The taxes upon our property and the timo and < mode of collection, and the uses to which they are applied, are all directed by State statutes. Our marriages are regulated, and tbo graves of our fathers , and kindred are protected, by State enactments. | ^ Nearly everything that pertains to personal bap- , piness is under the supervision ami control of ( State legislation. Looking to these and other kin- ] drcd considerations, it requires no small share j of political effrontery to contend that State in- ( terests ought to bo repudiated and lost sight of , in a State election, and national matters solely considered, while the former alone pertain to the law ful duties of State functionaries?they having 110 agency or voice in those of a federal character. It is the policy of the enemies of democracy to seek to belittle every Citato intercut, ;tnu to Keep tt irom tne consideration of the people, and to obscure State rights to the extent of their capacity. They desire to reduce State governments to the lowest class of iniitiicipnl corporations, and make thcni inferior in power and respectability to a first-class hank or rail- j road company, made rich und powerful by emigres- j sional munificence. The enemies of democratic principles have recent- [ Jy avowed the purpose of making the general gov- I eminent the instrument of taxation and collection of rcvcuue for State purposes, thereby creating a new j and humiliating dependence upon the nutional gov- j eminent. All such schemes point to degrading the independence of the States, and making thorn mere ci- i pliers, with more or less respectable names. If the national government will collect taxes, and distribute ; them to the States, public men will cease to lw? re- i sponsible to their constituents for what may he cor- ! ruptly squandered. These are some of the rensons : why the black-republicans seek to avoid State issues ami the discussion of liomc interests in State elections. If the federal government shall ever swallow up those of the States, and render them mere nominal ! representatives of freemen, it will he through the modes above indicated?by depressing and destroy- | ing State rights, and giving undue consequence to our national inatitutions. Desiring this consequence, we seo the enemies of State rights ami of the deniocI racy in all parts of the Union making all possible ex i ertions to exclude trom view all Plate questions ana rights appertaining to the Ftates themselves, ami to ' substitute in their place others in which the States have , no direct interest, and which they cannot control by any Htato action. Such are the views and intentions 1 of the enemies of the democracy and State rights. It rests with the people to approve or reject thein. THK CANVASS IN OHIO. The democratic convention held at Cleveland on Saturday last was largely attended. The speaking was excellent. The Plain Dealer says : " We regret our inability to lav before our readers the very able and interesting addresses of the lion. H. B. | Payne, our candidate for governor, and James R. Morris, our <-nmlidatc for treasurer. But as these gentlemen, 1 with scores of other democratic speakers, are now upon the stamp, the |>e<>ple will have the opportunity of hoar- j ing them in a mow acceptable manner. "The campaign is now fully opened in this county, i and, lu fact, all over the State. Lytle, Obis, Swertaer, Edgerton, Rex, (livens, Cox, McSweny, (Mgor, Kgley, Ktedman, lAbm, Castle, Thurman, Whitman, with hosts of others, are in the Held. Let Cuyahoga, the home of , the ehlef standard-bearer of the party, Jo )*r irkot* JiUf.'' ilAltkYliy STATKIs. When Ball?i wrote bin great work tiahuuc PviitifUi 11u Ulube lie liad at first determined ou excluding Africa, Oceanica, and the greater part of Asia, regarding them ?a little else statistically than blank spots oil the world's map. As respects the hrstof these places his researches were crowned with so little success tliat he concluded, to use his own words, that "the title of African statistics ought to he rejected as ab mrd." flince that period, however, notwithstanding the many obstacles which gross barbarism and pestilential climates interpose to check the progress if civilization or adventure, much information respecting the resources, trade, and tribes of Africa line been given to the world by intelligent explorers, imong whom the name of Dr. Livingston will ever >ccupy tho first runk. Much, however, yet rename to be known before Africa generally can claim my prominence in works of statistics; aud time and experience alone can test the reality and value of the liscoveries with which the commercial world has been astounded by the narratives of those who have recently explored hitherto unknown regions of this quarter of the globe. r Let this test, however, result as it may, it is evileut now that every eiFort which missionary seal and commercial enterprise can put forth is being directad to extend our knowledge of the people aud remittees of Africa ; and already much has been done, especially on the western coast, to introduce the blessings of civilization and Christianity, as well as the arts of industry and commerce, among the native tribes of this extensive region. We must, however, patiently await the further results of these combined efforts, and especially study the future developments jf the grand projet adopted by the government ol France to avail itself of slave labor, or, in modern parlance, to " supply its colonies with laborers" from this district of Africa, lmfore we can bid much in its statistics that can interest or benefit the American merchant. Of course, we lo not mean to apply this remark to the re public of Liberia, between which and tlio United States quite an active commerce has already sprung up. On some future oocasion this promising and prosperous republic shall be duly noticed. We dejiro, this morning-, to submit a few remarks in rel'cr lice to our commercial relations with another portion >f Africa?what has been called the region of the S'ortli?lying between the Mediterranean and the jreat desert of Sahara, and extending from Egypt west to the Atlantic, and generally known as the states of Barbary. These consist of Morocco, Tuns, and Tripoli, of which Morocco, being the most powerful as well as the most important, first claims jur attention. The empire of Morocco occupies, uccording to Macgreggor, the northwest of Africa, from 28 tieg. >0 miii. to 35 (leg. 40 min. north, and !> deg. . longitude front the Atlantic east to the boundary of Algiers. It comprises an nrea of about 230,000 square atiles, and contains an estimated population of 8,500,100. Although agriculture is in a rude and backward condition, the soil yields, in great abundance Hid of excellent quality, wheat, barlej-, maize, olives, liemp, and cotton ; and lemons, grapes, tigs, oranges, llmonds, and various fruits are grown in the greatest profusion. The sugar-cane, the date tree, and to bacco plant tlirive wherever they arc cultivated; indeed, nothing but an industrious population, a liberal government, and the introduction of modern improvements in agricultural labor is wanting to make Morocco one of the moat productive countries in the world. With the interior of Africa an extensive trade ia carried on by caravans?one of which usually accompanies the pilgrims across the whole continent of Africa to the lied sea and the tomb of Mahomet at Mecca. The value of merchandise, invested in this caravan is usually estimated ut 82,900,000. Those trading with the interior depart from Tetuan, Morocco, and Fez, and meeting at Talilet cross together tho great desert of Sahara. The commercial relations of Morocco with the United States are regulated by treaty bearing date September 1G, 183G, to remain in force fifty years, or until the year 188G. Our imports from Morocco consist of coarse wool, gums, skins, ostrich feathers hides, Hie.; and our exports are raw cotton, coarse domestics, brown sugar, rice, and tobacco. This trade is, however, principally indirect, being conducted ebietly iu British and French bottoms, and through tho ports of Marseilles and Malta. Of 474 vessels of all sizes that entered the ports of Morocco in 1852. iii tho foreign trade, only four, measuring 1,100 tons, were American. The following tubulin statement of tho navigation at all the ports of the empire for 1850 will show tho relative rank of tht nations whoso flags participate ir this trade > Statement shoeing the Navigation of thu J'ortt of Morocco it 1850. Nationality. No. of viMteln. Tonnage. England C12 33,68< France - 157 18,081 Spain 4!) 1,881 Portugal 32 2,121 Turkey 14 1.84C Other countries 1,'J 1,521 Total 877 59,151 The general foreign commerce of the empire ii 1849 and 1850 is shown by tho following statement: Import*. Exports. Total. 1849 $2,106,200 $1,683,200 $3,789,401 1850 1,822,800 1,683,200 3,506,00< The following tabular Matemint thnurt tht couulritt ichich par tiripated in the trade of 1850 : Countries. Imports. Exports. Total. England $1,308,800 $976,400 $2,285,201 France 395,600 621,800 1,017,401 Spain 48,200 37,400 85,601 Portugal 47,400 7,800 55,201 Sardinia ? 28,000 28,001 Belgium 14,000 11,800 25,801 Austria 8,800 ? 8,80' Total 1,822,800 1,683,200 3,506,001 The principal ports of Morocco are Tangier, Te titan, I-araiclio, Rabat, Dar-al-Baida, Mazagan, ant Magador. The town of Tangier occupies an cmi uenoe at the western extremity of a capacious bay within the limits of the Straits of Gibraltar, am nearly opposite to the Spanish town of Tarifa. Tin peculiar advantages of its situation rendc. it tin most frequented port of Morocco. The town con tains SH)0 houses, und about 8.500 inhabitants?con siating of 6,000 Moors, 2,200 Jews, and 340 Chris tians. The inhabitants are, comparatively speaking civilized and tolerant. Christians are treated witl greater respect, and .lows with less severity, than ir any other part of the empire?privileges for whicl they are indebted partly to the presence of the chie representatives of foreign powers and partly to tb< liberality of the prcsout able aud energetic Pasha Sid Mohmuied <B*n Ahd-el-Malock. The mannfac turea of Tangier consist of woollen stuff* or liaicks, 1 j tioor-uisls, ami pottery. leather in ?Uo tanned - | litre which in highly esteemed in the markets of Eu, rope. The trade of thiw port ia chiefly with Gibraltar, i | The principal import* are cotton good* of all kind*, > j cloth, silk stuffs, velvet*, copper, iron, ntoel, liardi ware, cochineal, indigo, and other dyca ; tea, coffee, 1 sulphur, paper, glass head*, nun, Ac. The export* eotiHUi in hides, war. .cool, leeciies, dates, almonds, orunges, and other fruit; hark, flax, darrn, woollen sashes, huicke, Moorisli slippers, icc. I The fuUwiuy lahle exhibit* the valor* of thi* truile tiuriiiy a jterHjti of' Jive yeait nuhtej with 1856 : Yours. Ia>|?>ru fclxiiort-. TuCi! 185 2 $395,260 $35 it, 230 $754,400 185 3 416,965 ' 382,150 799,115 185 4 686,245 222,080 858,325 185 5 602.120 255,750 917,870 185 6 677,830 380,320 1,004,150 Total 2,788,420 1,605,530 4,393,950 Ann'l avcr'ge 557,08-1 321,100 878,790 That our commercial readers may see the share which Great Britain holds in the trade of Tangier, we subjoin a tabular statement showing the navigation of this port during the suine period, distinguishing the number and tonnage of British vessels : K.YTSKE1I. Years. Itntl-h rbijri. Foreign sbi|M. Total. Vessels. Too*. Vessels. Tons. Vaseel". Tons. 1852 16V 4,60S 104 4. sis', 261 7,405 ISM 176 7,201 174 6,353 350 15,614 1054 137 12,840 128 5,031 265 18,780 1635 . 153 12.307 00 3.213 343 15,0)0 1856 263 10.NS3 110 4,7HO 313 15.603 Ti.lil 628 47,060 004 26.178 1,4*2 78,162 An':oat avenncr. 165 0.507 121 6,035 286 14.032 Cuinm. Years. Hrili'li iblfM. Foreign ship*. , T4al. Vessels. Tun*. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Too-. 1852 159 4,5'.?0 too 2. .44 259 7.443 185;:. 170 7.201 172 8.101 546 15,452 1844. . 130 12.820 128 5,"434 264 18.700 1855 153 12.307 87 3.138 240 15,535 4856. 207 10931 110 4,780 317 15,714 ToOl bill 48,017 597 24,887 1.439 72,904 Annua! a ru rage. 100 9,003 119 4,977 385 14,580 Three thousand head of cattle are annually exported, at a fixed duty oft?.) per head, to Gibraltar for the use of the garrison, in confonnity with the terms of special grants that have from time to time been made by the present Sultan and some of his predecessors. In addition to the above, 2,(MM) head aro annually exported to the same destination at * rate of ditty varying from 88 to 810 per head. Gibraltar is also largely supplied frotn Tangier with poultry, eggs, flour, and other kinds of provisions. Bark and leeches are objects of monopoly. In the former the exclusive trade iH granted to a contractor, who pays the government at the rate of 5 okheats (about 25 cents) per cwt. for nil he can collect- The value of the quantity shipped annually, chiefly to Knglniid and Ireland, is about 810,000. The leech monopoly was sold last year for 870,000. The number of leeches annually exported from Tangier is from 15,000,000 to 1 H.nOO.000. They are sent chiefly to France and Spain. The duties levied at the custom-house are exorbitantlv hiwh?amounting irenernllv from 10 to 70 net cent, ad valorem on the goods on which they are levied. The anchorage dues and other port charges are also r. subject ot frequent complaint, as being cx trcmely heavy. The total amount levied at Tangier on a vessel of two hundred tons burden is about twenty dollars. The port ot Tangier is nothing more than a roadstead on the western side of the l?ny, and offers good anchorage for vessels in from five to seven fathoms. On the 14th of February, 1S54, a terrible hurricane raged in the bay, during which all the small'vessel.(thirteen in number) were stranded, and two of them lost, oulv two ships having been driven ashore. Steam communication lictween this place and Gibraltar, Cadiz, Marseilles, Ujid Ornn lias considerably increased, the port being visited twice a month regularly by two French steamers and 0110 English ' steamer. Reserving for a future occasion a notice of the trade, kc , of the other ports of Morocco, we will here introduce an extract from a lettor written by an 1 i i;..? T?,? i.;..i. IllllllgVIll JU..U.V..I ?,v .....V.. V..I1tains Home valuable suggestions : "Throughout ti e whole empire, from the Sultan down i to his lowest subject, the article which wc call 'coarse do, mestic' is used under the appellation of 'Americano.' It is the principal article of import, and Is an imitation, by 1 the manufactures of Manchester, of the coarse domestics of Massachusetts. Mr. Spraguo, of tliat State, was the first to introduce the article into this country. It took with the Moors, who were ho enthusiastic In their praise < of it that the Kuglish manufacturers despatched an agent , to this country to examine and report on the fabric and , probable demand. They then set to work to manufacture ' precisely the same article, and, stealing the name 'Americano,' they managed to undersell our countrymen and , monopolize the market. In a late conversation with the British consul he informed me that he had received a let' ter from the house of Archibald Bowers & Co., of Gibntltar, agents for Manchester manufacturers, informing him ( that the 'Americans are now enabled successfully to compete with the iCnglisli manufacturers in the sale of the article known as the Americano.' What we require, however, to drive the Kuglish out of the market is a di' rect trade, for in freights, commissions, the absence of tran1 shipment, and reinsurance they have the ad vantage," Ac. , The game letter adds : "Abolish the duty on coarse I wool; reduce, if not abolish it, on hides anil Morocco ' skins, and the commerce and navigation will rapidly i increase between the two countries." , The new tariff now in force does all this : the duly on coarse wool is abolished, and on the other articles named by the intelligent writer of the preceding ' extract materially reduced. It remains to be seen il ' it will increase tlio number of American vessels freighted with " Americanos" in the ports of Morocco. ? SHRIEKING K ANSAS FOR OHIO. | ! If anybody doubts (says an exchange) that the ) Kansas ho\rl is uot to he kept up for the sake of car| rying tho approaching Stato elections, lot liim reed t the following frantic appeal in a "letter from Kan i San," in one of the black-republican papers of ('incinnati : " Let the Tallnr.t sons of freedom in Ohio now go tc I work aud elect Chase governor. We look upon Chase . I here us the representative mnii of the nation. You in Ohio arc fighting in the same common cause. The tri' ; umph of the one or the other party in Konsas is the 1 ; great turning-point .11 the institution of slavery in thb , country. If we are heat now, you will soon have to fight our enemy at your own doom. In this great struggle it J tublk strength to know that Ohio aud the country are . witli us A defeat In Ohio woukl be a double defeat in Kansas ', hut it cannot be that Ohio, glorious Ohio, will now a'oandon the friends of freedom in Kansas." MAINE ELECTION, j The annual election f<>r governor and members ol , | the legislature takes place on Monday, the 14th in, ataut. f; Tho vote in the black-republican convention in ? Minnesota on striking out the word "white" in the , clause conferring political rights on 'citizens ' was? - yeas 17, nays 34. TIIK RIGHT SPIRIT AND THK RIGHT DOCTRINE. ! Tlio following article, from u late number, of the I Xushville Union, is writteu in such a truly democratic ! spirit that we bespeak for it a careful pcruaal. In the course of the present year the legislature* of TetiucKMee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, Houth Carolina, and Texas will liave to elect eight I nlted i States senators to fill existing and anticipated vacan- 1 cies. The timely advice and suggestions of our re- | spected Nashville coteuiporary, it will lie observed, | ; are not calculated solely fur the meridian of TenncsI see: It L now uiliver alh kuown tbuttbe democrat* will have u majority of twenty votes on joint iiullot in the next legislutui. ?:i<l it lallt desiied ami int. luled that two .senators shall tie chosen to supply the vacancy 1 that uow exists, and the one which will occur before the assemblage of another h gislaturc. This U an important event in our history, und its determination will exercise s serious inttueucc on the interests of our country and (avrty for the next seven or eight years. If proper men are selected for these offices, we have & reasonable guarantee that the future will not lie disastrous, und the present ascendency of our party will lie secured and preserved, b'honld we fail in our selection to engage the services of men true to the principles of the |iurty, anil to the interests of the country, we can scarcely escape the odium of the result, and it will go far to weaken tiie bonds of our Union. We have heard tiie names of many lending democmia mentioned in connexion with these otikes, ami there is scarcely one seriously thought of to wl we nomination ur election we would interpose the slightest olijcction. Tiny are gissl and true men. long tries) under the file of adversity, and severely truined in the principles of democracy. We have, in common with others, our private predilections, and if we were a uicinlier of the legislature might actively Indicate tliis preference ; hut, occupying our present position, it is not our wish or intention to interfere between democrats, for all of whom we entertain the kindest feelings, and to each of whom the party is much indebted for its preseut success. There are one or two suggestions, however, tlrnt we deem material to the general interests of our l-arty, and which, us ftiiUuul sentinels on the watchtowor, we cannot withhold from the consideration of our friends. ITn der the theory of our constitution the actual vote for senators is intrusted to the members of the legislature, uiul iu ]iraetiee much is and ought to tx.- trusted to their judgment and discretion ; if, for instance, on their assemblage and conference, it should I* tound impracticable to coneeatratc u majority iu favor of two individuals without n sacrifice of opinion, f>u ihc sake of harmony, then, their constituents will, and ought to he Hntisiicd that their representatives should honestly decide what was the best alternative, and their intentions should la- judged with ! kindness and liberality. We wish, however, to. indicate that we hold to the great leading doctrine that the peoph- are the fountains of olliee and jwrer ; that it is their interest and w is lies thatought to lie represented in appointments or elections, us | well as in measures of policy, and therefore it is the duty , I of each memls.T of the legislature carefully to ascertain, j liefore ho repairs to tlio capital, who would he moat ae- j c< ptable to the masses of those bv wlioni he was elected, ! and, if possible, to carry out their wishes iu his ttlctlinn \ of candidate. It must always bo remembered that u representative, in the true sense of the term, ought to 1? a I reflection of the judgment and will of tln*e b> whom he j is intrusted witli authority, and that in true representation he ought never to i in body his own interest or partiality ' at the expense of the people. It is n great clement in the ! success of republican institutions that we should have ' men in oilier- whom the people desire, and l*-tweon enndi- ! dutes of espial honesty and ability the preference should ! always be given to those in whose favor the masses are j united. Our opponents in the legislature will is- watching with | groat eagerness to embarrass the action of tlie democrats, to stave off, if possible, the election of one or both senators, tuid if this is found impossible, then to widen breaches between friends, encourage hostilities between opposing candidates, by holding out promises of support to the weaker party. The democratic niemliers ought, in our opinion, to discountenance tint/ abuse of prominent democrats by the friends of e,tch other, and try to make the eon test ns friendly as possible, so that the successful candidates may leave no sting in the lsisoins of those who are defeated except that enin-nderr-d liv houoraide rivallv. "We offer these suggestions with the kindest feelings to ! ill the < iii i'lit In 1 tis fur senator, find our U-st win] tea that | the persons finally elected may be those most ncvptable j to our party and most Is-nortcia! to our country. DEMOCRATIC KKI0ICING8. Wo learn from the last Democratic (North Caroli- ! na) Pioneer that the democracy of Bertie county, in that State, intended to give a public dinner at Windsor on Thursday last, in honor of the great victory achieved by the democracy of the district in the election of Dr. Shaw to Congress. "The sterling domoc- j racy of that county," as the Pioneer truly observes, "liave a good right to rejoice, for it was against them that the heaviest and biggest guns of the oppo- ; sition were brought to bear ; but they nobly stood i their ground, and, bo far from giving way, they actu- i ally took a few prisoners captive, having made a small gain since the election of Col. Paine, two yenrs ago! We understand that, in response to an invita- \ tion, l>r. Shaw has signified his intention to be pros- I out on the occasion. Mr. Martin, of this town, has j ?!?.. li.wl l.ia ..f m.mh.r ii.viU.th.n I Wo have iu> doubt it will bo a ttucccssful uflu'r, as it ought to be, for the democracy of Bertie county deacrve llio applause of the party throughout the district." We learn from the Nagshcad correspondent of the Pioneer that Dr. .Shaw has been sojourning at that pleasant place for the last week, and, though just out | of a fatiguing and arduous campaign, he lookH well and hearty. Says the Pioneer, "lie bears his victory well, manifesting neither pride nor exultation, llis many social qualities, to say nothing of other matters, make him many friends even among the bitter of the opposition who have met him." THE CANVASS IN MISSISSIPPI. We copy the following from the Memphis Appeal: CO.NGRKWIOXAI. CANVASS IN 1HK M.ITCTH DISTRICT Of MlSciNKirri. ?Our democratic friends in this district arc highly confident of the election of Mr. Single ton, who, it will be remembered, has already served the people al>lv, faithfully, and efficiently. Although Mr. Ioke, ids knownothing opponent, is contentedly a man of ability and " great mora) worth, In- must be regarded by tlic thinking ami intelligent as powerless for good to the South. If elected lie would have no ptity to counsel or act with -a I sheep strayed from the fold?unless, indeed, he consti | toted himself and a few other southern stragglers a par| ty. Forgetting and forgiving his know-nothingism, this j would la- his position. | The very contrary is true of Mr. Singleton. He Is the j chosen representative of a powerful oijd victorious party, who have not only the will, but the numerical strength, to hold the government close up to its constitutional moorings, and to Ixwt back the waves of abolition fanati cism. It would, therefore, be strange. Indeed, if he j should not be preferred by the intelligent southern-hearti ed people of the fourth congressional district. He should IUIH V\ III Ul- CKl I I'll The little Bock (Arkansas) IVmocrat of August ^5 says: Btrouge a? It iony npjimr, (he Arkansas river, at i thin point, has Honu- fifteen fact vttcr in live cu&nnel, and i in Htill rising. The wcaihercoutjiynea showery. Webavg already far too mi'.rli rnin for the eyirj*. It Imp ts-en ; raining, with hut little intermii?ion. for ruoic tlmn a i month. Tlie fair prospect for ft (food yield of eotion on the Arkansas bottom lauds ha* been alryauy blasted. The | stall; has grown too rank, and tho Inittoni bolls anil (ujiiqicm hnvo fallen off. Nothing but n late dry fall uu, bring | out the cotton crop. It is at least three weeks later than last year, and the up>st hopeful of the planters do not .' count upon a yield of more than two-third*. We can see no reaoou why the cotton crop will not lull very short this year, We had a late, and very unfavorable spring ; the earlier part of the HUinmer was chilling cold, and the latter part fur too wet. Tlie sec sou through i out lias been unfavorable to the pmdnotion of cotton, and , how it is |K>?*ible to calculate upon a full crop, ss souic writer* do, we cannot understand. Nothing hut the moat I remarkably favorable fall con save a great falling off' from | last year's crop. I) K P .1 R T M K NT NU J, imtuti uuoAL'a orru.it. H<ght <y h'.jpt?tiukiUunl fat tlw opinion of tfae Attorney (itnml m to the right of expatriation : Aitukxit (inuut'i Omom. August 17, 1847. The note ol fount Moutgebu, transmitted to your department through Mr. \ room, our minister at Berlin. mXa for an er; donation of the opinion given by Mr. Ousti ing ht October lwt on the right of au American citiacii to expatriate khimelf. The pi-'41h*l <-aae put t>y ('ount Mongol** u that of J*, hint Aiuthor, a native of Iriuelliauseri. in Unarm, tiLo to thia country, and, after l?:iug naturalized, return H again to llavaria. Hie etlort to recover his statu* as ? native of Bavaiia aeua to be lru,K<led by a doubt which the ailthuritiea there entertain on the queatmu wheths, he can throw oil' hie allegiance to the United Ma tea, ami, if an, in what manner it is to I* done ' ' There U no statute or other law of the L'nited Mate-, which prevent* eitlier a native or naturalised citlaen from levering hi* political connexion witli thi* government, it be see* pr*?j>er to do ao, in time of jreare, and for a pur pose not directly iujuriou* to the interest* of the country. Thero 1* no mode of renunciatiou presented. hi si) opinion, if he emigrate*, carries hi* fatullv and ettrt* with hint, manifest* a plain intention not to return, takes up his permanent residence abroad, and *?. siimes the obligation of ? subjeet to n foreign govern ment. this would imply a dissolution of his previous r* lationa with the United States; and I do im4 think could or would afterward* claim fn-in liim am ,,f the ,)u. tie* of a citizen. At all events, the hu t of rnnmcialion is to be established, like other facts for which there is u? pi. Kiiis-.l it-nil of proof, by any evidente wldcli will convince the Judgment. It is for the authorities of H*. varia to determine, flnit. wlictlier they will admit Jlr Aiuthor to the privileges enjoyed by a native suhjivt is their King without iui expn-ss renunciation of his Altar icon dtlaenaliip. If this be deckled in the negativetliut is to say, if they demand fn>ui him an t-xpr, v renunciatiou?they may take It and cause it to l* authenticated in wlmt form they please They mm demand an oath of objuration as a test of l;is sincerity or as a necessary part of Ids title to the future pr tectum of the bavarian government. Whatever *ati*ln* them ought to bo satisfactory to us, since, in all similar can s, *< pii scribe our own rules for the admission of ttavaiiau sul>jects a* citizen* of the United States. I have sjKikeu of the laws of the United Stale*, Virginia and Kentucky, two of the States, have statute* which require a certain formula or renunciation of citizenship. Hut those statules have no application to this case. I do not understand Mr. Amtlior to have renidi-d ill either of those State*. If the federal government give* him up his obligations to the particular State in which he lived could hardly Come into anv pract'.al conllict with those which he is nlsait to assume toward hi* native couutry. 'I am, very raapectfully, vour*, Ac., J. P. PUCK. Hon. Lewis Caw, Secretary of State. 8TATB DlFAmUDiT. Ii. n lr Lr/x^rlf I'J th- United Statu-. - - A cornV|Hinder.: at Dundee* writes that there has been a falling off in the amount of goods shipped from Dundee to the United States during the quarter ending June 30, attributable to excessive importation previously, the dullness of the American markets, and a brisk liotnc demand. Appearances are against a large c-x]>oriut!on for the current quarter. Crujit in England and Irrland. A correspondent at Ply mouth, under date of the I Itli August, writes that the harvest proceeds very favorably throughout England Ami Ireland, and the wheat crop is regarded as a large one. TBBAaCttV llEPAftTMKNT. Thr Indinnupilia Indiana United Slates Oaart-ht-* fa.d PtA Ojtice. 'Flte contract for tlie construction of this building was given on Wednesday Inst by the St-crctary of thr Treasury to Thomas Agnew, of Baltimore, for the sum of $98,983 "9?that)icing the lowest hid. lNTEBIOIl DKIMRTMBNT. A Miriake.?The Baltimore Sun of yesterday niomiux contains a statement made hv Mr. Seott, who has just returned from the plains, to the effort that an attack had been made upon the wagon-rood ex|M*dition, of wliich Mr. Msgrow is superintendent, by the Cheyenne Indians, ami that five men had been killed and Jlx wounded. This is evidently a mistake. The Interior Department has received official letters from Mr. Mugraw, dated at Fort Kearney, at 10 o'clock on the night of the 2d of August. the day on which Mr. Reott is represented to bsve left the expedition, in which it is stated tliut tiro expedition wok making rapid progress, and had had no difficulties with the Indians. Mr. Scott, uo doubt, alluues ti Hie attacks made ?>y these Indians several weeks nine, upon the cattle tr.iiiiK of Messrs. ttuRScll and Wadd.il the contractors for supplying tlie army with beef. war DEPARTMENT. General Orders, j War Department, Aiwitakt General'h Office, No, 12. ) Washington, Aug. 2'J, 1857. It being deemed inadvisable to detach Brevet Brigadier General Harney from service in Kansas, Colonel A. K. Johnston, second cavalry, is assigned to the command oi the Utah expedition, and will proceed to join the same without delay. As Colonel Sumner, first cavalry, may be daily expected with his column of horse and foot, Brig. Gen. Horary will, in anticipation, detach six cotnpanicsof the 2d dm goons to escort the civil officers of Utah en their mission, and remain attached to the command of Colonel John ston. The companies so detvehed will, if ixrssiblc, la' r*r ri.nl to at least sixtv Privates each, bv transfers from tlu | I remaining companies. 'I Iic staffdeportments will supply all the wants of tlics dragoons, as well as the wants of other detachments ni the Utah expedition that may be remaining behind. llrcvct Major Porter, assistant adjutant general, will 1 promptly report himself for duty to Col. Johnston befoN i the latter shall pass Fort Leavenworth, i By order of the Secretary of War : S. COOPER, Adjutant General. ! Thf OJorado Equdtiiot<.?We learn that the followicK| named gentlemen have received appointments upon the I s-ientilie. party attached to the expedition, under the com] inand of Lieut. Ives, for the exploration of the Colorado river : Lr. J. S. Newberry, of Ohio, physician sud geologist ; H- B. MolhniUM'U, of Prussia, naturalist, (the latter was a pupil of Harnn Humboldt;! Y. W. Egloffstrin, of | the District of Columbia, artist and topographer ; I'ssl I H. Taylor, of Richmond, and Charles Booker, of H.unpI ton, Virginia, assistant surveyors. Lieut. ive?, with a portion of the command, will ?kpart for San Knutcisco in the steamer of the 5th Instant, j and proceed nt once to the Gulf of Califoniis to commence operations. ArpARjcxT loss.?Ui.TiWAyi: bbiuit.?" The country ? at this moment two hundred millions poorer thin it wM ! two months ago," says the Utica Herald, "by the ^ ; creosc of railway values." In one view of the cast this is true, and in another it is not. Last vear the value of I ?!i i?. ....ii,t? ?i.a?miuI mlT nvimrtj imrniiufruifl IIOIU i>IH' iin/ur-wa . lion* to nine hundred million*, and this year (say) fa* i nine hundred million* to seven hundred million* tendency from a fictitious to a real value was inevit?l'|' Tt wo* not in the (tower of financial managers to resist it The Ohio Trust Com (tan y used its imnicn*c cupiUl credit to resist it, and as a natural conauquooce it N'^l'T-: under the strain. No brakes which two or twonty ?? | lion* could ptit on to the downward moveme.it of rail**.1 stocks could eventually keep them from descending a*!' vestments, became, though infinitely advantageous to tie landholder on each shle, and worth to the country k and double what they have cost, it was in the nature1 things irapoMdble that they should at once do more tJj* pnv their working t xpenses, nud prevent their floatii'" debts from carrying them nway. Kailwav stock**"' hound to fall then, and all the eiforts of Tinst Cunp*11"* mid other brakes could only result In snapping eonn't ! iou* teat miic|il have mado the fall ifaorc gentle and le* ruinous. The' time Is at hand when railroudi will be opus'vt '* business principles ; the expirimrntal tra has WeU-WP passed. 'Che 01 iginal stockholders in a large portion >' the railroads have lost all, or nearly all their investm'1^ They paid more for the property than it wiw worth. ' " ! same property is passing into tbo hand* of other* ?'1 real value ; and they, profiting by the mlsmanagem"1' their predecessors, will doubtless so manage the n1*"* to make theui more beneficial to the great interest*011 j whole country, at the same time that they vleld s Pr" to their owners. J