THREE DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE- DETAILS
OK THE NEWS BY THE STEAMER VAN DEB
BILT.
The mail* ul the steamer Vanderbill reached tbia city
yesterday morning- By thin arrival we have Ixindun
and lJverpooi iki|?|i of a* late a date u the 22d
ultimo.
It una rumored iu Paris that Lord Btratfonl de Redrlifle
would be recalled from Constantinople, aud probably
be succeeded by Lord Howdcn, the English ambassador
at Madrid.
Tire European aud Indian Junction telegraph Hue is
about to lie carried out from Bagdad northward.
The draft of the new constitution lor the Danish Duchies
had Is-en Lid before the HoLtcin estates. The Duchy
of HoLtein is to have a legislature and admiuistrutiou for
its own xjseial affairs. Hie Sovorr ign is to be represented
by a minister of the Duchies of Holstem and Iataenlierg.
No law is to be enacted, altered, or annulled without the
oouacnt of the estates; but the resolutions of the Gerk
manic Diet may l>e promulgated in the Duchy of ^iolsteiu
in virtue of tire federal constitution.
A telegraphic despatch from Constantiuo]de announces
that the Sultan Iras communicated to those European amirosxador*
who hart suspended relations with the Porte
tluit he Is oecupiesi in the formation of his new ministry,
and tirnt until the cabinet should be constructed diplomatic
intercourse woidd not be resumed.
Tin- master and chief and second mates of the strip
Martha and Jane, of Sunderland, have la-en sentenced to
? -i is. 1 t? ?i?:? i,u,.?? ?
amil 01 IJYrrjMJOl IW uiuiuum^ nuwivn ?au*v, nlnan,
l>y continued ill-treatment and brutal usage.
General Gustavo* Von Dtgtafcld, one of the moot
distinguished officers in the Austrian service, fifty yearn
of age, haw blown out liiw bruins through a diwap|)ointment
lu love.
Orders had la-en received at Plymouth to prcjiarc for
receiving I'nited States wteaui frigate Niagara into Keyham
Win, should it l>e found nc-ewsary. Vice-Admiral
Sir llart lug ton Hrynoldw visited the Niagara on the 18th,
nnd in the evening entertainedCapt. Hudsonaud the officers
of the frigate at dinner.
It was said in Loudon that a plan had been submitted
to the Hoard of Control ami the India House for establishing
a postal communication with India via Asiatic
Turkey.
The diawcusi-HU iu tlie Greek Cliurch in Syria and
Egypt appear to lie a? angry aw ever.
Intelligence from Tunis of the 13th unuouncew that a
sanguinary disturbance took place three dayw before
against the Jews, aud even the C'hriwtiauw were menaced.
Several persons were killed, und the Engliwli consul Insulted.
Military measures of repression were adopted,
but not until some grave disaster* hud taken place.
Official confirmation hud been received lu England of
the murders of the African travellers, Dr. Vogel aud Corporal
Magi lire, royal engineers.
ilie Russians were stated to iiave been defeated on the
b^nks of the Kuban ; they lost G guns and 64 packhors
;s. It Is said that Scliamyl, with 25,000 Circassians,
huu also defeated the lluwsinn army, which attempted to
dislodge him from the bunks of a river commanding some
[quaes.
After a battle, which lasted ten hours, the Russians
wore driven across the river. Several fortified places,
built by the Russians at great cost for the maintenance of
their communications, fell into Bcliamyl's hands.
Despatches from Teheran hud been received at the
Foreign Office in Paris. The news of the Bengal meeting
liad produced a profound sensation in Persia. Fearing
disturbances, the 81mh had determined not to reduce Ids
army for the present.
Queen Maria Christina was expected at Biarritz, and it
was rumored that she was about to return to Spain, to t>c
present at her daughter'* aooouebment, in October.
TI1K ATLANTIC TKUBGBAPII COMPANY.
'Hi London Times says:
A very lull meeting of the directors was held at their
offices yesterday. '1'he fullest investigation Into the events
which have led to the present pause in the undertaking,
into the sufficiency of tiie appliances for paying out the
cable, anil Into the additional arrangements and precautions
which tiie valuable knowledge and experience
gained by the late attempt will dictate in resjiectto future
operations, has lieen committed to the charge of sub-committees
Appointed for the purpose, to report to the general
board.
The direetora will sit in permanence till their future
plan.; have been fully discussed and determine.! on. The
appeal of the directors to the commanders of the several
ships C'lmjxising the Atlantic telegraph squadron to come
forward and aid the undertaking at this juncture with
their advice and experience has been cordially responded
to, and the following officers have arrived in town, uud
will lie in consultation v.ith the directors this day : Copt.
lVainwright, Leopard ; Capt. Sands, Susquehanna ; ('apt.
Hudson, Niagara ; Master Com. Nodilall, Agamemnon ;
and Lieut. Dayman, Cvelopg.
Sufficient information lias already been obtained to
show clearly that the present check to the progress of the
work, however mortifying, lias been purely the result of
an accident, and is in no way due to any obstacle in the
form of tire cable, nor of any natural difficulty, nor of
any cx|ieriencc that will in the future alfect in the slightest
degree the entire success of the enterprise. The only
sudden declivity of any serious magnitude from 410 fathoms
to 1,700 fathoms lurd been safely overcome, the
lieautiful flexibility of the cable Laving rendered itself,
without Btrain, to circumstances which would prolrably
have been its ruin had it been more rigidly con
structeri.
The combined influences of the low temperature of the
water and the compression of the pores of tlie insulating
medium hnd practically shown that the action of a telegraphic
cable, so fur from luing impaired, is materially
improved by being sunk in deep water. The only ilifticulty
worthy of consideration which remained waa to
demonstrate the practicability of making the splice in
mid-ocean. This was put to experimental test by the
engineer in a heavy sea subsequent to the accident ami
before the return home of the ship*.
The two ends on hoard the Niagara and Agamemnon
were joined together, and the splice let down to the bottom
into soundings of 2,000 fathoms, and during a
heavy sea. The exi*eriment wus perfectly successful ;
and these and all other circumstances which have beeu
wrought out by the recent expedition have made more
and more cheering and certain the prospect of complete
success on the next occasion.
[from llic IjwIuu Tails.-. Aug. --]
rue mutinies in ikdia.
We were favored at a late hour last night with the following
telegraphic despatch, received through her Majesty's
consul at Cngliari, Aug. 21, at 7.45, p. in. We
publish it verbatim as we have received it:
"Alexandria, Aug. 14?9, p. m. ?The Nubia arrived
at Suez to-<hiy. She brings dates from Calcutta to the
21st July : Madras, 25th July ; Galle, 2xthJuly: Aden,
ft tli Irtetant
" The telegraphic message from Hues U meagre ami
confused, and there in not time to receive explanation liefore
the departure of the steamer Bo-tia for Mult*.
" It i* stated that Delhi is not taken, but the date ia
not given.
" General Unmard i* reported to have died from dysentery.
" The news given in the Douiltay Times of the 14th
July by last mail reflecting the taking of Cawnporu by
the rebel*, and the massacre of the Europeans there, k.
confirmed.
J lie Sue* telegraphic message then goes on to say as
follows:
?' 'Siunxm and llimidaya arrived at Calcutta with aiiout
1,500 of China force* to proceed at once up oouutry.
Only 300 more troop* expect**!, General Hanbclock's
force*.
" 'Rebel* beaten on three occasion*, and several guns
taken, iietwen AllahaUid ami Cawnpore ; the latter retaken
from Nana Sanib, whom Havelock is following up
the Blittoe about ten mile*.
" 'Sir Henry Lawrence died of wound* received in a
sortie from I.ucknow, where nt present all ia well.
" 'All the troop* In Onde mutinied.
' 'Agm all quiet. Native troop* disarmed.
' 'Gwallor contingent mutinied Supj>06cd to have
marched on Indore
" 'No political China news given.
" 'The Trtu>*it government atoaiuvr totally lost in tlie
Strait* of Sunda. Crew and troops all arrived at Sue* today.
" 'This telegraph received from acting Consul General
Green at Alexandria for the Karl of Clarendon.
" 'Consul Cnaia.' "
A Philadelphia correspondent say*: "Mr*. General
Gallic* vliited German town on Friday lust, to obtain
some facta relative to the time of the death of her grandmother,
who long lived in Uermuntown, and whose remaiu*
now Ho in the lower cemetery of that place. She
says she ha* lieen in court tweuty-thrce yi ar* ; lia* completely
gainoI her cause. and all she ha* got to do to obtain
powre?lon of ber father's pnqierty i* simply to institute
?ulta of ejectmenta, which will be done unlex* a
satisfactory compromise is effected "
^ jr
WASHINGTON CITY.
FRIDAY MORNING. MKPT. 4. 1867.
Mr. buti 11 J*MKS, Km. J?J funis Trnlh alre?t, liilladflptii* |
I* our general irmrvlliBg *(aul. by Wit. 11. Wiilii, Jotu Coi
u?. Iamb* IhnbUMi, J. ll.*.HJtjrr. R p. jam*?, Tuo*. P. Nk*, U. W. Mint
; lu.-o*, K. W Wiurt, W* L. Winiuu*. A>WL H. Cahkui, D. K. Mr*I
rat, Bin. 1'. s*i!x; T. \muat, and P. Pan*.
MoHi. ( W. JAMkK. No. 1 lUrri-oii .Irivl LUicinu-ili, Obio, U our
Iruxrtl AL-U-IH.^ ?, >( fur tlie W i--i.ru hu.u - tuul f??r, a-au.iM by
| 11. J. Tmmmi, William 11. Tmomaa, Taw. M Jamma, Hr A. I. Ouuai,
Udmici Moi-.hu>, ?nrt Rnuu 1jl.il* RmmApU ul fltbcr trill be good
STATIC 1UUH1N AN I) STATE DIONITIKS. 1
lu framing the national constitution one of the
great points of difference grew ou. of the question i
of the extent of power to he committed to the general
government, and what should he reserved to the
States. The old federal party, now represented by
tlio enemies of the democracy, sought to atrip the
States of most of their powers, and to confer unlimited
authority upon the newly-created government.
The friends of democracy and State rights desired to
continue the State authorities in almost unlimited
supremacy. These differences were compromised, and
resulted in our present constitution, which confers a
few powers upon the federal government, and re|
serves and guaranties all otherH to the several State
) authorities. The eucuiius of the democracy, not
content with the powers conferred upon the national
government, endeavored to secure those which they
desired hy latitudiuous construction. This unauthorized
claim of power has bepn resisted, from the
formation of the constitution to the present time, hv
the friends of democracy and State rightH. It now
forms the great point of controversy between the democracy
and their enemies. The former insist upon an
honest, natural, and rational construction, while the
latter seek to enforce one dishonest, unnatural, and
irrational. One branch of the enemy demands a diroct
interference with property recognised and
protected in several States under the constitution,
a... ..il,.,........i,..rA......1 ,..,fV>..i;,?, ,ii?.
""I" U,W VlUV' ?!** ???*? W ?? ??*? * ? * ?M.VV,?.0 ...? |
criiuiuation between persons of iliffereut birth-places, J i
neither of which in authorized !>y the constitution ' j
nor l>j- the ]>lain, practical common sense of man- '
kind. The democratic party of that duy favored t
the existence and perpetuation of State rights in all ]
thoir purity and strongth. They approved the course i
of honest and wise State-rights men, as democruts <
of the present day do. They deemed State employ- <
ments not less honorable than thoso of the nation, ]
whether as richly paid or not. There is reason to |
believe that, in their opinion, the nearer their service 1
to a free and independent people the more honora- f
hie. Although Washington, JetFerson, Madison, and 1
Monroe served in the legislature of their State, ]
neither aspired to the United States Senate, and Mr. <
-Madison alone took a seat in the House. They, like
many in later days, looked to their own States as a ! ]
source of honor equal to the reasonable wishes and J
expectations of any public man. A hundred men j
have achieved Mute where one has won national ,
honors. State institutions shelter and protect us ]
from the cradle to the grave. They define onr rights (
to life, liberty, and property, and provide the means ,
J of assorting our claim to them. They protect us on (
| our hearthstone, at the altar of (tori, am) when we ]
exercise a freeman's privilege of choosing public j
guardians. With few exceptions, every riglit, priv- j
iloge, and duty appertaining to us. our wives and |
children, is regulated and controlled by State laws, j
The taxes upon our property and the timo and <
mode of collection, and the uses to which they
are applied, are all directed by State statutes. Our
marriages are regulated, and tbo graves of our fathers ,
and kindred are protected, by State enactments. | ^
Nearly everything that pertains to personal bap- ,
piness is under the supervision ami control of (
State legislation. Looking to these and other kin- ]
drcd considerations, it requires no small share j
of political effrontery to contend that State in- (
terests ought to bo repudiated and lost sight of ,
in a State election, and national matters solely
considered, while the former alone pertain to the
law ful duties of State functionaries?they having 110
agency or voice in those of a federal character. It
is the policy of the enemies of democracy to seek to
belittle every Citato intercut, ;tnu to Keep tt irom tne
consideration of the people, and to obscure State
rights to the extent of their capacity. They desire
to reduce State governments to the lowest class of
iniitiicipnl corporations, and make thcni inferior in
power and respectability to a first-class hank or rail- j
road company, made rich und powerful by emigres- j
sional munificence.
The enemies of democratic principles have recent- [
Jy avowed the purpose of making the general gov- I
eminent the instrument of taxation and collection of
rcvcuue for State purposes, thereby creating a new j
and humiliating dependence upon the nutional gov- j
eminent. All such schemes point to degrading the independence
of the States, and making thorn mere ci- i
pliers, with more or less respectable names. If the
national government will collect taxes, and distribute ;
them to the States, public men will cease to lw? re- i
sponsible to their constituents for what may he cor- !
ruptly squandered. These are some of the rensons :
why the black-republicans seek to avoid State issues
ami the discussion of liomc interests in State
elections.
If the federal government shall ever swallow up
those of the States, and render them mere nominal
! representatives of freemen, it will he through the
modes above indicated?by depressing and destroy- |
ing State rights, and giving undue consequence to
our national inatitutions. Desiring this consequence,
we seo the enemies of State rights ami of the deniocI
racy in all parts of the Union making all possible ex
i ertions to exclude trom view all Plate questions ana
rights appertaining to the Ftates themselves, ami to
' substitute in their place others in which the States have
, no direct interest, and which they cannot control by
any Htato action. Such are the views and intentions
1 of the enemies of the democracy and State rights.
It rests with the people to approve or reject thein.
THK CANVASS IN OHIO.
The democratic convention held at Cleveland on
Saturday last was largely attended. The speaking
was excellent. The Plain Dealer says :
" We regret our inability to lav before our readers the
very able and interesting addresses of the lion. H. B. |
Payne, our candidate for governor, and James R. Morris,
our <-nmlidatc for treasurer. But as these gentlemen, 1
with scores of other democratic speakers, are now upon
the stamp, the |>e<>ple will have the opportunity of hoar- j
ing them in a mow acceptable manner.
"The campaign is now fully opened in this county, i
and, lu fact, all over the State. Lytle, Obis, Swertaer,
Edgerton, Rex, (livens, Cox, McSweny, (Mgor, Kgley,
Ktedman, lAbm, Castle, Thurman, Whitman, with hosts
of others, are in the Held. Let Cuyahoga, the home of ,
the ehlef standard-bearer of the party, Jo )*r irkot* JiUf.''
ilAltkYliy STATKIs.
When Ball?i wrote bin great work tiahuuc PviitifUi
11u Ulube lie liad at first determined ou excluding Africa,
Oceanica, and the greater part of Asia, regarding
them ?a little else statistically than blank spots oil
the world's map. As respects the hrstof these places
his researches were crowned with so little success
tliat he concluded, to use his own words, that "the
title of African statistics ought to he rejected as ab
mrd." flince that period, however, notwithstanding
the many obstacles which gross barbarism and
pestilential climates interpose to check the progress
if civilization or adventure, much information respecting
the resources, trade, and tribes of Africa
line been given to the world by intelligent explorers,
imong whom the name of Dr. Livingston will ever
>ccupy tho first runk. Much, however, yet rename
to be known before Africa generally can claim
my prominence in works of statistics; aud time and
experience alone can test the reality and value of the
liscoveries with which the commercial world has
been astounded by the narratives of those who have
recently explored hitherto unknown regions of this
quarter of the globe. r
Let this test, however, result as it may, it is evileut
now that every eiFort which missionary seal and
commercial enterprise can put forth is being directad
to extend our knowledge of the people aud remittees
of Africa ; and already much has been done,
especially on the western coast, to introduce the
blessings of civilization and Christianity, as well as
the arts of industry and commerce, among the native
tribes of this extensive region. We must, however,
patiently await the further results of these combined
efforts, and especially study the future developments
jf the grand projet adopted by the government ol
France to avail itself of slave labor, or, in modern
parlance, to " supply its colonies with laborers"
from this district of Africa, lmfore we can
bid much in its statistics that can interest or
benefit the American merchant. Of course, we
lo not mean to apply this remark to the re
public of Liberia, between which and tlio United
States quite an active commerce has already sprung
up. On some future oocasion this promising and
prosperous republic shall be duly noticed. We dejiro,
this morning-, to submit a few remarks in rel'cr lice
to our commercial relations with another portion
>f Africa?what has been called the region of the
S'ortli?lying between the Mediterranean and the
jreat desert of Sahara, and extending from Egypt
west to the Atlantic, and generally known as the
states of Barbary. These consist of Morocco, Tuns,
and Tripoli, of which Morocco, being the most
powerful as well as the most important, first claims
jur attention.
The empire of Morocco occupies, uccording to
Macgreggor, the northwest of Africa, from 28 tieg.
>0 miii. to 35 (leg. 40 min. north, and !> deg. . longitude
front the Atlantic east to the boundary of Algiers.
It comprises an nrea of about 230,000 square
atiles, and contains an estimated population of 8,500,100.
Although agriculture is in a rude and backward
condition, the soil yields, in great abundance
Hid of excellent quality, wheat, barlej-, maize, olives,
liemp, and cotton ; and lemons, grapes, tigs, oranges,
llmonds, and various fruits are grown in the greatest
profusion. The sugar-cane, the date tree, and to
bacco plant tlirive wherever they arc cultivated;
indeed, nothing but an industrious population, a liberal
government, and the introduction of modern improvements
in agricultural labor is wanting to make
Morocco one of the moat productive countries in
the world. With the interior of Africa an extensive
trade ia carried on by caravans?one of which usually
accompanies the pilgrims across the whole continent
of Africa to the lied sea and the tomb of Mahomet
at Mecca. The value of merchandise,
invested in this caravan is usually estimated ut 82,900,000.
Those trading with the interior depart
from Tetuan, Morocco, and Fez, and meeting at Talilet
cross together tho great desert of Sahara.
The commercial relations of Morocco with the
United States are regulated by treaty bearing date
September 1G, 183G, to remain in force fifty years,
or until the year 188G. Our imports from Morocco
consist of coarse wool, gums, skins, ostrich feathers
hides, Hie.; and our exports are raw cotton, coarse
domestics, brown sugar, rice, and tobacco. This
trade is, however, principally indirect, being conducted
ebietly iu British and French bottoms, and
through tho ports of Marseilles and Malta. Of 474
vessels of all sizes that entered the ports of Morocco
in 1852. iii tho foreign trade, only four, measuring
1,100 tons, were American. The following tubulin
statement of tho navigation at all the ports of the
empire for 1850 will show tho relative rank of tht
nations whoso flags participate ir this trade >
Statement shoeing the Navigation of thu J'ortt of Morocco it
1850.
Nationality. No. of viMteln. Tonnage.
England C12 33,68<
France - 157 18,081
Spain 4!) 1,881
Portugal 32 2,121
Turkey 14 1.84C
Other countries 1,'J 1,521
Total 877 59,151
The general foreign commerce of the empire ii
1849 and 1850 is shown by tho following statement:
Import*. Exports. Total.
1849 $2,106,200 $1,683,200 $3,789,401
1850 1,822,800 1,683,200 3,506,00<
The following tabular Matemint thnurt tht couulritt ichich par
tiripated in the trade of 1850 :
Countries. Imports. Exports. Total.
England $1,308,800 $976,400 $2,285,201
France 395,600 621,800 1,017,401
Spain 48,200 37,400 85,601
Portugal 47,400 7,800 55,201
Sardinia ? 28,000 28,001
Belgium 14,000 11,800 25,801
Austria 8,800 ? 8,80'
Total 1,822,800 1,683,200 3,506,001
The principal ports of Morocco are Tangier, Te
titan, I-araiclio, Rabat, Dar-al-Baida, Mazagan, ant
Magador. The town of Tangier occupies an cmi
uenoe at the western extremity of a capacious bay
within the limits of the Straits of Gibraltar, am
nearly opposite to the Spanish town of Tarifa. Tin
peculiar advantages of its situation rendc. it tin
most frequented port of Morocco. The town con
tains SH)0 houses, und about 8.500 inhabitants?con
siating of 6,000 Moors, 2,200 Jews, and 340 Chris
tians. The inhabitants are, comparatively speaking
civilized and tolerant. Christians are treated witl
greater respect, and .lows with less severity, than ir
any other part of the empire?privileges for whicl
they are indebted partly to the presence of the chie
representatives of foreign powers and partly to tb<
liberality of the prcsout able aud energetic Pasha
Sid Mohmuied <B*n Ahd-el-Malock. The mannfac
turea of Tangier consist of woollen stuff* or liaicks,
1 j tioor-uisls, ami pottery. leather in ?Uo tanned
- | litre which in highly esteemed in the markets of Eu,
rope. The trade of thiw port ia chiefly with Gibraltar,
i | The principal import* are cotton good* of all kind*,
> j cloth, silk stuffs, velvet*, copper, iron, ntoel, liardi
ware, cochineal, indigo, and other dyca ; tea, coffee,
1 sulphur, paper, glass head*, nun, Ac. The export*
eotiHUi in hides, war. .cool, leeciies, dates, almonds,
orunges, and other fruit; hark, flax, darrn, woollen
sashes, huicke, Moorisli slippers, icc.
I The fuUwiuy lahle exhibit* the valor* of thi* truile tiuriiiy a jterHjti
of' Jive yeait nuhtej with 1856 :
Yours. Ia>|?>ru fclxiiort-. TuCi!
185 2 $395,260 $35 it, 230 $754,400
185 3 416,965 ' 382,150 799,115
185 4 686,245 222,080 858,325
185 5 602.120 255,750 917,870
185 6 677,830 380,320 1,004,150
Total 2,788,420 1,605,530 4,393,950
Ann'l avcr'ge 557,08-1 321,100 878,790
That our commercial readers may see the share
which Great Britain holds in the trade of Tangier,
we subjoin a tabular statement showing the navigation
of this port during the suine period, distinguishing
the number and tonnage of British vessels :
K.YTSKE1I.
Years. Itntl-h rbijri. Foreign sbi|M. Total.
Vessels. Too*. Vessels. Tons. Vaseel". Tons.
1852 16V 4,60S 104 4. sis', 261 7,405
ISM 176 7,201 174 6,353 350 15,614
1054 137 12,840 128 5,031 265 18,780
1635 . 153 12.307 00 3.213 343 15,0)0
1856 263 10.NS3 110 4,7HO 313 15.603
Ti.lil 628 47,060 004 26.178 1,4*2 78,162
An':oat avenncr. 165 0.507 121 6,035 286 14.032
Cuinm.
Years. Hrili'li iblfM. Foreign ship*. , T4al.
Vessels. Tun*. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Too-.
1852 159 4,5'.?0 too 2. .44 259 7.443
185;:. 170 7.201 172 8.101 546 15,452
1844. . 130 12.820 128 5,"434 264 18.700
1855 153 12.307 87 3.138 240 15,535
4856. 207 10931 110 4,780 317 15,714
ToOl bill 48,017 597 24,887 1.439 72,904
Annua! a ru rage. 100 9,003 119 4,977 385 14,580
Three thousand head of cattle are annually exported,
at a fixed duty oft?.) per head, to Gibraltar
for the use of the garrison, in confonnity with the
terms of special grants that have from time to time
been made by the present Sultan and some of his
predecessors. In addition to the above, 2,(MM) head
aro annually exported to the same destination at *
rate of ditty varying from 88 to 810 per head. Gibraltar
is also largely supplied frotn Tangier with
poultry, eggs, flour, and other kinds of provisions.
Bark and leeches are objects of monopoly. In the
former the exclusive trade iH granted to a contractor,
who pays the government at the rate of 5 okheats
(about 25 cents) per cwt. for nil he can collect- The
value of the quantity shipped annually, chiefly to
Knglniid and Ireland, is about 810,000. The leech
monopoly was sold last year for 870,000. The number
of leeches annually exported from Tangier is
from 15,000,000 to 1 H.nOO.000. They are sent chiefly
to France and Spain.
The duties levied at the custom-house are exorbitantlv
hiwh?amounting irenernllv from 10 to 70 net
cent, ad valorem on the goods on which they are
levied. The anchorage dues and other port charges
are also r. subject ot frequent complaint, as being cx
trcmely heavy. The total amount levied at Tangier
on a vessel of two hundred tons burden is about
twenty dollars.
The port ot Tangier is nothing more than a roadstead
on the western side of the l?ny, and offers good
anchorage for vessels in from five to seven fathoms.
On the 14th of February, 1S54, a terrible hurricane
raged in the bay, during which all the small'vessel.(thirteen
in number) were stranded, and two of them
lost, oulv two ships having been driven ashore.
Steam communication lictween this place and Gibraltar,
Cadiz, Marseilles, Ujid Ornn lias considerably increased,
the port being visited twice a month regularly
by two French steamers and 0110 English
' steamer.
Reserving for a future occasion a notice of the
trade, kc , of the other ports of Morocco, we will
here introduce an extract from a lettor written by an
1 i i;..? T?,? i.;..i.
IllllllgVIll JU..U.V..I ?,v .....V.. V..I1tains
Home valuable suggestions :
"Throughout ti e whole empire, from the Sultan down
i to his lowest subject, the article which wc call 'coarse do,
mestic' is used under the appellation of 'Americano.' It
is the principal article of import, and Is an imitation, by
1 the manufactures of Manchester, of the coarse domestics
of Massachusetts. Mr. Spraguo, of tliat State, was the
first to introduce the article into this country. It took
with the Moors, who were ho enthusiastic In their praise
< of it that the Kuglish manufacturers despatched an agent
, to this country to examine and report on the fabric and
, probable demand. They then set to work to manufacture
' precisely the same article, and, stealing the name 'Americano,'
they managed to undersell our countrymen and
, monopolize the market. In a late conversation with the
British consul he informed me that he had received a let'
ter from the house of Archibald Bowers & Co., of Gibntltar,
agents for Manchester manufacturers, informing him
( that the 'Americans are now enabled successfully to compete
with the iCnglisli manufacturers in the sale of the
article known as the Americano.' What we require,
however, to drive the Kuglish out of the market is a di'
rect trade, for in freights, commissions, the absence of tran1
shipment, and reinsurance they have the ad vantage," Ac.
, The game letter adds : "Abolish the duty on coarse
I wool; reduce, if not abolish it, on hides anil Morocco
' skins, and the commerce and navigation will rapidly
i increase between the two countries."
, The new tariff now in force does all this : the duly
on coarse wool is abolished, and on the other articles
named by the intelligent writer of the preceding
' extract materially reduced. It remains to be seen il
' it will increase tlio number of American vessels
freighted with " Americanos" in the ports of Morocco.
? SHRIEKING K ANSAS FOR OHIO.
| ! If anybody doubts (says an exchange) that the
) Kansas ho\rl is uot to he kept up for the sake of car|
rying tho approaching Stato elections, lot liim reed
t the following frantic appeal in a "letter from Kan
i San," in one of the black-republican papers of ('incinnati
:
" Let the Tallnr.t sons of freedom in Ohio now go tc
I work aud elect Chase governor. We look upon Chase
. I here us the representative mnii of the nation. You in
Ohio arc fighting in the same common cause. The tri'
; umph of the one or the other party in Konsas is the
1 ; great turning-point .11 the institution of slavery in thb
, country. If we are heat now, you will soon have to fight
our enemy at your own doom. In this great struggle it
J tublk strength to know that Ohio aud the country are
. witli us A defeat In Ohio woukl be a double defeat in
Kansas ', hut it cannot be that Ohio, glorious Ohio, will
now a'oandon the friends of freedom in Kansas."
MAINE ELECTION,
j The annual election f<>r governor and members ol
, | the legislature takes place on Monday, the 14th in,
ataut.
f; Tho vote in the black-republican convention in
? Minnesota on striking out the word "white" in the
, clause conferring political rights on 'citizens ' was?
- yeas 17, nays 34.
TIIK RIGHT SPIRIT AND THK RIGHT DOCTRINE. !
Tlio following article, from u late number, of the
I Xushville Union, is writteu in such a truly democratic
! spirit that we bespeak for it a careful pcruaal. In
the course of the present year the legislature* of
TetiucKMee, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, Houth
Carolina, and Texas will liave to elect eight I nlted i
States senators to fill existing and anticipated vacan- 1
cies. The timely advice and suggestions of our re- |
spected Nashville coteuiporary, it will lie observed, |
; are not calculated solely fur the meridian of TenncsI
see:
It L now uiliver alh kuown tbuttbe democrat* will have
u majority of twenty votes on joint iiullot in the next
legislutui. ?:i<l it lallt desiied ami int. luled
that two .senators shall tie chosen to supply the vacancy 1
that uow exists, and the one which will occur before the
assemblage of another h gislaturc. This U an important
event in our history, und its determination will exercise s
serious inttueucc on the interests of our country and (avrty
for the next seven or eight years. If proper men are selected
for these offices, we have & reasonable guarantee that
the future will not lie disastrous, und the present ascendency
of our party will lie secured and preserved, b'honld
we fail in our selection to engage the services of men true
to the principles of the |iurty, anil to the interests of the
country, we can scarcely escape the odium of the result,
and it will go far to weaken tiie bonds of our Union.
We have heard tiie names of many lending democmia
mentioned in connexion with these otikes, ami there is
scarcely one seriously thought of to wl we nomination ur
election we would interpose the slightest olijcction. Tiny
are gissl and true men. long tries) under the file of adversity,
and severely truined in the principles of democracy.
We have, in common with others, our private
predilections, and if we were a uicinlier of the legislature
might actively Indicate tliis preference ; hut, occupying
our present position, it is not our wish or intention to
interfere between democrats, for all of whom we entertain
the kindest feelings, and to each of whom the party
is much indebted for its preseut success.
There are one or two suggestions, however, tlrnt we
deem material to the general interests of our l-arty, and
which, us ftiiUuul sentinels on the watchtowor, we cannot
withhold from the consideration of our friends. ITn
der the theory of our constitution the actual vote for senators
is intrusted to the members of the legislature, uiul
iu ]iraetiee much is and ought to tx.- trusted to their judgment
and discretion ; if, for instance, on their assemblage
and conference, it should I* tound impracticable to coneeatratc
u majority iu favor of two individuals without n
sacrifice of opinion, f>u ihc sake of harmony, then, their
constituents will, and ought to he Hntisiicd that their
representatives should honestly decide what was the best
alternative, and their intentions should la- judged with !
kindness and liberality.
We wish, however, to. indicate that we hold to the
great leading doctrine that the peoph- are the fountains of
olliee and jwrer ; that it is their interest and w is lies thatought
to lie represented in appointments or elections, us
| well as in measures of policy, and therefore it is the duty ,
I of each memls.T of the legislature carefully to ascertain,
j liefore ho repairs to tlio capital, who would he moat ae- j
c< ptable to the masses of those bv wlioni he was elected, !
and, if possible, to carry out their wishes iu his ttlctlinn \
of candidate. It must always bo remembered that u representative,
in the true sense of the term, ought to 1? a I
reflection of the judgment and will of tln*e b> whom he j
is intrusted witli authority, and that in true representation
he ought never to i in body his own interest or partiality '
at the expense of the people. It is n great clement in the !
success of republican institutions that we should have '
men in oilier- whom the people desire, and l*-tweon enndi- !
dutes of espial honesty and ability the preference should !
always be given to those in whose favor the masses are j
united.
Our opponents in the legislature will is- watching with |
groat eagerness to embarrass the action of tlie democrats,
to stave off, if possible, the election of one or both senators,
tuid if this is found impossible, then to widen
breaches between friends, encourage hostilities between
opposing candidates, by holding out promises of support
to the weaker party.
The democratic niemliers ought, in our opinion, to discountenance
tint/ abuse of prominent democrats by the friends of
e,tch other, and try to make the eon test ns friendly as possible,
so that the successful candidates may leave no sting
in the lsisoins of those who are defeated except that enin-nderr-d
liv houoraide rivallv.
"We offer these suggestions with the kindest feelings to !
ill the < iii i'lit In 1 tis fur senator, find our U-st win] tea that |
the persons finally elected may be those most ncvptable j
to our party and most Is-nortcia! to our country.
DEMOCRATIC KKI0ICING8.
Wo learn from the last Democratic (North Caroli- !
na) Pioneer that the democracy of Bertie county, in
that State, intended to give a public dinner at Windsor
on Thursday last, in honor of the great victory
achieved by the democracy of the district in the election
of Dr. Shaw to Congress. "The sterling domoc- j
racy of that county," as the Pioneer truly observes,
"liave a good right to rejoice, for it was against
them that the heaviest and biggest guns of the oppo- ;
sition were brought to bear ; but they nobly stood i
their ground, and, bo far from giving way, they actu- i
ally took a few prisoners captive, having made a
small gain since the election of Col. Paine, two yenrs
ago! We understand that, in response to an invita- \
tion, l>r. Shaw has signified his intention to be pros- I
out on the occasion. Mr. Martin, of this town, has j
?!?.. li.wl l.ia ..f m.mh.r ii.viU.th.n I
Wo have iu> doubt it will bo a ttucccssful uflu'r, as it
ought to be, for the democracy of Bertie county deacrve
llio applause of the party throughout the district."
We learn from the Nagshcad correspondent of the
Pioneer that Dr. .Shaw has been sojourning at that
pleasant place for the last week, and, though just out |
of a fatiguing and arduous campaign, he lookH well
and hearty. Says the Pioneer, "lie bears his victory
well, manifesting neither pride nor exultation, llis
many social qualities, to say nothing of other matters,
make him many friends even among the bitter of the
opposition who have met him."
THE CANVASS IN MISSISSIPPI.
We copy the following from the Memphis Appeal:
CO.NGRKWIOXAI. CANVASS IN 1HK M.ITCTH DISTRICT Of MlSciNKirri.
?Our democratic friends in this district arc highly
confident of the election of Mr. Single ton, who, it will be
remembered, has already served the people al>lv, faithfully,
and efficiently. Although Mr. Ioke, ids knownothing
opponent, is contentedly a man of ability and
" great mora) worth, In- must be regarded by tlic thinking
ami intelligent as powerless for good to the South. If
elected lie would have no ptity to counsel or act with -a
I sheep strayed from the fold?unless, indeed, he consti
| toted himself and a few other southern stragglers a par|
ty. Forgetting and forgiving his know-nothingism, this
j would la- his position.
| The very contrary is true of Mr. Singleton. He Is the
j chosen representative of a powerful oijd victorious party,
who have not only the will, but the numerical strength,
to hold the government close up to its constitutional
moorings, and to Ixwt back the waves of abolition fanati
cism. It would, therefore, be strange. Indeed, if he
j should not be preferred by the intelligent southern-hearti
ed people of the fourth congressional district. He should
IUIH V\ III Ul- CKl I I'll The
little Bock (Arkansas) IVmocrat of August ^5
says: Btrouge a? It iony npjimr, (he Arkansas river, at
i thin point, has Honu- fifteen fact vttcr in live cu&nnel, and
i in Htill rising. The wcaihercoutjiynea showery. Webavg
already far too mi'.rli rnin for the eyirj*. It Imp ts-en
; raining, with hut little intermii?ion. for ruoic tlmn a
i month. Tlie fair prospect for ft (food yield of eotion on
the Arkansas bottom lauds ha* been alryauy blasted. The
| stall; has grown too rank, and tho Inittoni bolls anil (ujiiqicm
hnvo fallen off. Nothing but n late dry fall uu, bring
| out the cotton crop. It is at least three weeks later than
last year, and the up>st hopeful of the planters do not
.' count upon a yield of more than two-third*.
We can see no reaoou why the cotton crop will not lull
very short this year, We had a late, and very unfavorable
spring ; the earlier part of the HUinmer was chilling
cold, and the latter part fur too wet. Tlie sec sou through
i out lias been unfavorable to the pmdnotion of cotton, and
, how it is |K>?*ible to calculate upon a full crop, ss souic
writer* do, we cannot understand. Nothing hut the moat
I remarkably favorable fall con save a great falling off' from
| last year's crop.
I) K P .1 R T M K NT NU J,
imtuti uuoAL'a orru.it.
H<ght <y h'.jpt?tiukiUunl fat tlw opinion of tfae
Attorney (itnml m to the right of expatriation :
Aitukxit (inuut'i Omom.
August 17, 1847.
The note ol fount Moutgebu, transmitted to your department
through Mr. \ room, our minister at Berlin.
mXa for an er; donation of the opinion given by Mr. Ousti
ing ht October lwt on the right of au American citiacii to
expatriate khimelf.
The pi-'41h*l <-aae put t>y ('ount Mongol** u that of J*,
hint Aiuthor, a native of Iriuelliauseri. in Unarm, tiLo
to thia country, and, after l?:iug naturalized, return
H again to llavaria. Hie etlort to recover his statu* as ?
native of Bavaiia aeua to be lru,K<led by a doubt which
the ailthuritiea there entertain on the queatmu wheths,
he can throw oil' hie allegiance to the United Ma tea, ami,
if an, in what manner it is to I* done ' '
There U no statute or other law of the L'nited Mate-,
which prevent* eitlier a native or naturalised citlaen from
levering hi* political connexion witli thi* government, it
be see* pr*?j>er to do ao, in time of jreare, and for a pur
pose not directly iujuriou* to the interest* of the country.
Thero 1* no mode of renunciatiou presented. hi si)
opinion, if he emigrate*, carries hi* fatullv and ettrt*
with hint, manifest* a plain intention not to return,
takes up his permanent residence abroad, and *?.
siimes the obligation of ? subjeet to n foreign govern
ment. this would imply a dissolution of his previous r*
lationa with the United States; and I do im4 think
could or would afterward* claim fn-in liim am ,,f the ,)u.
tie* of a citizen. At all events, the hu t of rnnmcialion
is to be established, like other facts for which there is u?
pi. Kiiis-.l it-nil of proof, by any evidente wldcli will
convince the Judgment. It is for the authorities of H*.
varia to determine, flnit. wlictlier they will admit Jlr
Aiuthor to the privileges enjoyed by a native suhjivt is
their King without iui expn-ss renunciation of his Altar
icon dtlaenaliip. If this be deckled in the negativetliut
is to say, if they demand fn>ui him an t-xpr, v
renunciatiou?they may take It and cause it to l*
authenticated in wlmt form they please They mm
demand an oath of objuration as a test of l;is sincerity
or as a necessary part of Ids title to the future pr tectum
of the bavarian government. Whatever *ati*ln* them
ought to bo satisfactory to us, since, in all similar can s, *<
pii scribe our own rules for the admission of ttavaiiau sul>jects
a* citizen* of the United States.
I have sjKikeu of the laws of the United Stale*, Virginia
and Kentucky, two of the States, have statute*
which require a certain formula or renunciation of citizenship.
Hut those statules have no application to this
case. I do not understand Mr. Amtlior to have renidi-d
ill either of those State*. If the federal government
give* him up his obligations to the particular State in
which he lived could hardly Come into anv pract'.al conllict
with those which he is nlsait to assume toward hi*
native couutry.
'I am, very raapectfully, vour*, Ac.,
J. P. PUCK.
Hon. Lewis Caw,
Secretary of State.
8TATB DlFAmUDiT.
Ii. n lr Lr/x^rlf I'J th- United Statu-. - - A cornV|Hinder.:
at Dundee* writes that there has been a falling off in
the amount of goods shipped from Dundee to the United
States during the quarter ending June 30, attributable to
excessive importation previously, the dullness of the
American markets, and a brisk liotnc demand.
Appearances are against a large c-x]>oriut!on for the
current quarter.
Crujit in England and Irrland. A correspondent at Ply
mouth, under date of the I Itli August, writes that the
harvest proceeds very favorably throughout England Ami
Ireland, and the wheat crop is regarded as a large one.
TBBAaCttV llEPAftTMKNT.
Thr Indinnupilia Indiana United Slates Oaart-ht-* fa.d PtA
Ojtice. 'Flte contract for tlie construction of this building
was given on Wednesday Inst by the St-crctary of thr
Treasury to Thomas Agnew, of Baltimore, for the sum of
$98,983 "9?that)icing the lowest hid.
lNTEBIOIl DKIMRTMBNT.
A Miriake.?The Baltimore Sun of yesterday niomiux
contains a statement made hv Mr. Seott, who has just returned
from the plains, to the effort that an attack had been
made upon the wagon-rood ex|M*dition, of wliich Mr. Msgrow
is superintendent, by the Cheyenne Indians, ami
that five men had been killed and Jlx wounded. This is
evidently a mistake. The Interior Department has received
official letters from Mr. Mugraw, dated at Fort
Kearney, at 10 o'clock on the night of the 2d of August.
the day on which Mr. Reott is represented to bsve
left the expedition, in which it is stated tliut tiro expedition
wok making rapid progress, and had had no difficulties
with the Indians. Mr. Scott, uo doubt, alluues ti
Hie attacks made ?>y these Indians several weeks nine,
upon the cattle tr.iiiiK of Messrs. ttuRScll and Wadd.il
the contractors for supplying tlie army with beef.
war DEPARTMENT.
General Orders, j War Department,
Aiwitakt General'h Office,
No, 12. ) Washington, Aug. 2'J, 1857.
It being deemed inadvisable to detach Brevet Brigadier
General Harney from service in Kansas, Colonel A. K.
Johnston, second cavalry, is assigned to the command oi
the Utah expedition, and will proceed to join the same
without delay.
As Colonel Sumner, first cavalry, may be daily expected
with his column of horse and foot, Brig. Gen. Horary
will, in anticipation, detach six cotnpanicsof the 2d dm
goons to escort the civil officers of Utah en their mission,
and remain attached to the command of Colonel John
ston. The companies so detvehed will, if ixrssiblc, la' r*r
ri.nl to at least sixtv Privates each, bv transfers from tlu |
I remaining companies.
'I Iic staffdeportments will supply all the wants of tlics
dragoons, as well as the wants of other detachments ni
the Utah expedition that may be remaining behind.
llrcvct Major Porter, assistant adjutant general, will
1 promptly report himself for duty to Col. Johnston befoN
i the latter shall pass Fort Leavenworth,
i By order of the Secretary of War :
S. COOPER, Adjutant General.
! Thf OJorado Equdtiiot<.?We learn that the followicK|
named gentlemen have received appointments upon the
I s-ientilie. party attached to the expedition, under the com]
inand of Lieut. Ives, for the exploration of the Colorado
river : Lr. J. S. Newberry, of Ohio, physician sud geologist
; H- B. MolhniUM'U, of Prussia, naturalist, (the latter
was a pupil of Harnn Humboldt;! Y. W. Egloffstrin, of
| the District of Columbia, artist and topographer ; I'ssl
I H. Taylor, of Richmond, and Charles Booker, of H.unpI
ton, Virginia, assistant surveyors.
Lieut. ive?, with a portion of the command, will ?kpart
for San Knutcisco in the steamer of the 5th Instant,
j and proceed nt once to the Gulf of Califoniis to commence
operations.
ArpARjcxT loss.?Ui.TiWAyi: bbiuit.?" The country ?
at this moment two hundred millions poorer thin it wM
! two months ago," says the Utica Herald, "by the ^
; creosc of railway values." In one view of the cast this
is true, and in another it is not. Last vear the value of
I ?!i i?. ....ii,t? ?i.a?miuI mlT
nvimrtj imrniiufruifl IIOIU i>IH' iin/ur-wa
. lion* to nine hundred million*, and this year (say) fa*
i nine hundred million* to seven hundred million*
tendency from a fictitious to a real value was inevit?l'|'
Tt wo* not in the (tower of financial managers to resist it
The Ohio Trust Com (tan y used its imnicn*c cupiUl
credit to resist it, and as a natural conauquooce it N'^l'T-:
under the strain. No brakes which two or twonty ??
| lion* could ptit on to the downward moveme.it of rail**.1
stocks could eventually keep them from descending a*!'
vestments, became, though infinitely advantageous to tie
landholder on each shle, and worth to the country k
and double what they have cost, it was in the nature1
things irapoMdble that they should at once do more tJj*
pnv their working t xpenses, nud prevent their floatii'"
debts from carrying them nway. Kailwav stock**"'
hound to fall then, and all the eiforts of Tinst Cunp*11"*
mid other brakes could only result In snapping eonn't
! iou* teat miic|il have mado the fall ifaorc gentle and le*
ruinous.
The' time Is at hand when railroudi will be opus'vt '*
business principles ; the expirimrntal tra has WeU-WP
passed. 'Che 01 iginal stockholders in a large portion >'
the railroads have lost all, or nearly all their investm'1^
They paid more for the property than it wiw worth. ' "
! same property is passing into tbo hand* of other* ?'1
real value ; and they, profiting by the mlsmanagem"1'
their predecessors, will doubtless so manage the n1*"*
to make theui more beneficial to the great interest*011
j whole country, at the same time that they vleld s Pr"
to their owners.
J