Newspaper Page Text
°° / ^. C/!/ - <■ 5 V* x®' Devoted to the Development of Libby, and of Lincoln County s <' Libby, Lincoln County, Montana Thursday, January 6, 1949 Number 34 VOLUME XLVIII Receive 24.69 Of Moisture During 1948 rt I The average precipitation or a mount of waterfall for the last three years has been 3.81 inches higher than the normal precipita tion for this community, stated Clark Hamor, assistant at the Lib by Ranger Station. Mr. Hamor also stated that the year 1948 just ended saw the heaviest precipitation of the period, with a fall of 24.69 inches. The years 1946 and 1947 were bqjb approximately three inches above normal, receiving respectively 21.16 and 21.36 inches of moisture. The month giving the heaviest pre cipitation during the three year period was October of 1947, with a record of 4.89 inches. November of 1946 came second with 4.83 in ches. During a normal year, No vember has the greatest precipita tion, receiving 2.75 inches of mois ture. The month during 1948 that saw the greatest amount of mois ture was May, having 3.75 inches, with November a close second re ceiving 3.42 inches. July proved to be the driest month during the three year period, with an average of only .72 of an inch. September was not only the driest month in 1948 but was also the driest month during the period, having only .13 of an inch of mois ture. The normal low précipita- 1 tion comes in August with only .83 1 of an inch. July is second with | 89-in. The lowest precipitation in July was in 1947 with ,23-in. Snowfall during 1948 amounted to 77.5 inches. The year 1947 had a comparatively light fall of 33.3 inches. One of the heaviest snow falls on record fell during the year 1946 when the total fall amounted to 99.7 inches. December brought the most snow in 1948, the total be ing 30.6 inches, only lacking 2.7 inches of equaling the total for the year of 1947. The heaviest snow on record during the throve years fell in November of 1946 amount ing to 35.9 inches. Following are the three year records as furnished by Mr, Hainor. with normal averages ad précipita - The tiu»« year averages tor " a appear in the .peoood Month Normal 1048 Prec. Prec, Prec. Free. 1.90 1.94 2.44 1.56 1.11 1.93 1.28 1.54 .41 .43 1.87 94 .78 3.75 1.59 2.34 3.31 January February March April May June July August September 1.31 October November 2.75 December 2.28 2.15 1.41 1.46 .97 1.41 1.54 .26 .23 1.68 .98 2.83 .88 1.10 2.64 .13 2.51 4.89 .60 4.83 1.18 3.42 3.15 1.71 2.21 .89 .83 1.57 Totals 18.57 1946 Sno Month fall January 25.4 February 18.8 March April May June July August September October November 35.9 December 17.2 21.16 21.36 24.69 1947 1948 Aver. Sno Sno Prec. f^ll fall 3 yrs. 13.5 12.9 2.09 3.0 11.2 1.84 4.6 6.3 1.58 2.4 ■90 1.82 2.41 1.56 1.29 3.14 .72 2.67 3.3 16.5 8.9 30.6 2.36 Totals 99.7 33.3 77.5 22.38 Libby To Have New Telephone Building The Libby and Troy exchanges of the Interstate Telephone Com pany and the territory they serve will get a full share of the work to be done in extending and im proving service according to Geo. B. Amas, Eastern District Manager, when interviewed today. "One of the first items in our budget is the ènlarging of our switchboard capacity at Libby," said Mr. Amas. "This will be done at a cost of about $13,000 but must await the erection of a new of fice building which we are plan ning to place just across the alley east of our present location on lots recently acquired. We have reason to believe this building will cost us at least $15,000. One advantage is that it will not cost nearly as much to move as it might if we had to secure a location some distance a way from the present office. Nearly all of the work accom plished the past year will be work ed into our long range plan. In addition to the items mentioned a bove we have in our budget the spending of $10,000 additional for improvements and relocation of toll lines serving Troy and Libby. As manpower becomes more skilled and material more easily obtainable this work will go on at an ever increas ing speed," said Mr. Amas in con clusion. THE KOCHELS RETURN HOME Mr. and Mrs, Wesley Kotchel who suffered badly frozen feet Christ mas night, were able to return yes* terday from the hospital. They are said to be recovering nicely. Mrs. J. I. Compeau Dies January 1 Nicolena Lauston was born May 7, 1880 at Norwood, Minn., and passed away January 1, 1949 11:15 p. m. at the age of 68 years 11 months and 23 days. Miss Lauston was married Jerome L. Compeau at Cass Lake, Minn., April 27, 1901. Mr. and Mrs. Compeau and fam ily have lived in Libby for the past 25 years. Mrs. Compeau had been ailing for about a year but her death came as a sudden shock to the family. She is Survived by her husband, and two sons, Theodore and Jer ome G. who live at home; a daugh ter, Mrs. Alvin Dickson of Yakima, Wash.; one sister Mrs. Anna Larson, New York Mills, Minn., and one granddaughter. Funeral services were at the Gompf Funeral Home Wednesday, January 5 at 2:00 p. m. with Rev. W. C. Stearns of the Libby Meth odist Church officiating. Interment was at the Libby Cem etery yesterday, January 5. MRS. HOWE NOW IN CHARGE OF EUREKA EMPLOYMENT Mrs. Fern A. Howe has charge of the part-time Montana State Em ployment Office at Eureka. This office is located in the Town Hall just across the street from the Mon tana Hotel at Eureka. Beginning Monday, January 10, 1949 the office hours will be from 1:00 to 3:00 o'clock p. m. Monday through Friday of each week. The office hours have previously been from 10:00 a. m. until noon. rv . ■ |>v « 11^*» | I I Jnf r* I 1\ I Afl if n IP \ I V/Jlvll l\U I vJ III ( ff I* |\* f\\kl rtTÛ/"lll/û IvllW I I I Hi lIVlT w»f bl I VVIl I w In dscussiing the new rates on postal items which went into effect January 1, with Postmaster De Rosia the Libby postmaster stated that the changes will be as follows; Domestic Air Mail: Limit 8-oz. (over 8 ounces, subject to zone rates and conditions prescribed for Air Parcel Post) 6c tion thereof, exc< of 4c each will regulation Postal Card. Third Class mail: Limit 8-oz. 2e. for. .the first 2-qz. or fraction there of; plus he for each additional ounce fraction cir r ounce or frac i that an air rate sufficient for a culars, greeting cards and merchan dise. Books of 24 or more pages permanently bound, consisting wholly of reading matter, when in parcels of not over 70-lbs. are 8c for first pound or fraction; and 4c for each additional pound or frac tion of a pound. Fourth Class matter (parcel post) includes merchandise over 8-oz. to 70-lbs. not over 100-in. in length and girth combined. Parcels less than 10-lb. in weight, measuring more than 84-in. but less than 100 in. in length and girth combined, are subject to the 10-Ib. rate. Fol lowing pound rates in various zones are: up to & Over 1st lb. Inc. 10-lb. 10-lb. Cents Cents Cents Zone Local 1st & 2nd ,12 Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Fractions of pounds are computed as full pounds and fractions of cents are counted as full cents in deter mining the total amount of postage chargeable on each parcel. Money order fees, added the post master will cost as follows; 1c to $5, cost 10c; $5.01 to $10, 15c; $10.01 to $50, 25c; and $50.01 to $100, 35c. Postal Note fees for use in Con tinental U. ,S. only are 1c to $10, 8c. Special delivery rates now are: up to 2-lbs. 15c; over 2-lbs. to 10-lbs. 25c; over 10-lbs. to 70-lbs., 35c. The foregoing special deliver rates apply to 1st class. The second, third or fourth class rates on the equivelant weights are 25s, 35c and 45c. Spec ial handling of 4th class matter only, up to 2-lbs., 15c; over 2-lbs. to 10-lbs., 20c; and over 10-lbs to 70-lbs., 25c. 10 1.0 0.75 2.1 2.0 13 3.0 2.8 14 4.5 4.25 15 6.0 5.50 16 7.5 7.25 17 9.5 9.25 18 11.5 11.25 Registry or insured return card costs: at time of mailing 5c; sub sequent to time of mailing, 10c; to whom, when delivered and where 31c. are 1c to $5, cost 5c; $5.01 to $10, 10c; $10.01 to $25, 15c; $25.01 to $50, 20c: $50.01 to $100, 25c, and $100.01 to $200, 30c. Domestic registered mail: 1c to $5, 25c; $5.01 to $25, 35c; $25.01 to $50., 40c; $50.01 to $75, 45c; $75.01 to $100, 50c; $100.01 to $200.00, 60c; $200.01 to $300, 70c; $300.01 to $400, 85c; $400.01 to $500, $1.00; $500.01 to $600, $1.10; $600.01 to $700, $1.20; $700.01 to $800, $1.30; $800.01 to $900, $1.40, and $900.01 to $1,000, $1.50. C. O. D. (unregistered) 3rd and 4th Class costs: 1c to $2.50, 20c; $2.51 to $5, 25c; $5.01 to $25, 35c; $25.01 to $50, 45c; $50.01 to $100, 55c;$100.01 to $150, 60c; and $150.01 to $200, 65c. C. O. D. (registration included) sealed and 1st class: 1c to $10, 55c; $10.01 to $50, 70c; $50.01 to $100, 90c; $100.01 to $200. $1.15. The limit of collections is $200; In demnity from $200 to $800, add 5c per hundred: from $800 to $1,000, $1.55. Domestic insured mail rates Alvin A. Cripe Passes Jan. 1 at and daughter, his widow, Bertha M. at the home; twenty-eight grand children and twenty-eight great grandchildren. Of his direct dé cendents seven children, nineteen (grandchildren and fifteen great I grandchildren live in Troy. A broth | er, Danile and two sisters, Mrs. J Betty Snyder and Mrs. Gertie Ma nier also survive. On January the first, in the Bon ners Ferry hospital, Alvin A. Cripe passed away at 11:30 p. m. While Mr. Cripe had been in poor health for the past month or so, his con dition did not seem critical until Thursday when he was taken from his home to the hospital. Alvin A. Cripe was born Jan uary. 13, 1863 in Edna Mills. Ind. Later he owned and operated a water power mill which today still stands as a landmark in this same town. In 1884 he married Lydia Ann Ur ley of North Manchester, Ind. To this union were born nine children all of whom survive; Lanta. Mrs. Tom Lindsey: Mary, Mrs. Clarence Kauffman; Julia, Mrs, Clarence Case; Clara, Mrs. Joe Col logan; Jesse, Rufus, Frank and Rob ert L. In 1901 the family moved to Wisconsin and alter 8 years there they proceeded to North Dakota, Here they remained for a little more than a year. In 1911 Mr. and Mrs. Cripe homesteaded on Calla han Creek, and later built a home in Troy. Mr. Cripe was an expert woodsman and followed that work until he retired. Mrs. Cripe passed away in 1934. Mr. Cripe leaves besides his sons Delores McCallum Weds In Church Wedding vows were e Sunday afternoon at two the Libby Methodist Church by Miss Delores McCallum, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. McCallum and Don ald K. Madison, son of Mr. and Mrs. D. D. Madison both of Libby. The Rev. W. C. Stearns read tte double ring ceremony. The brkfi was given in marriage by her faw . She was attended by her cousÄ Miss Mabel Parks, Maid -of Honqjr. was beat man. The Bride was attired to a WWt< wool " sait with hat to match and «carried a bouquet of white French ock at ei carnations and red rose-buds. Miss Parks wore a powder blue faille suit and carried pink French car nations. The guests were seated by ushers Lloyd and Harry Moe. fore the service Ralph Swimley sang "Because." The Wedding March was played by Mrs. Oliver Phillips. The church was decorated with mums and carnations. Candles were placed on the altar. The can delabra stood near the bridal couple. Fifty guests attended the 31st Legislative Assembly revise statutes regarding guides and pack ers to give more supervision and provide a higher standard of guide service to the public. In its biennial report, the mission also asked the state legis ature to enact new legislation to prohibit the artificial introduction of any fish and wildlife into Mon tana without the consent of the commission. recep tion at the home of the bride fol lowing the wedding. A three tier 18 pound cake made by the Libby Bakery and decorated by Ernest Peterson was served by Mrs. E. Rice, and Mrs. Ray Rice poured the coffee. Both bride and groom are grad uates «f the Libby High School and the groom attended Montana State College and the University of Mon tana. Following the reception the couple left for an overnight trip to Kalispell returning home by of Bull Lake. Mr. and Mrs. Madison at home at Chet Smith's Cabins, Cabin No. 4. way are now FISH & GAME COMMISSION MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS The State Fish and Game Com mission has recommended that the com THE WEATHER After a temporary respite from cold weather over Saturday and Sunday, for which time no records are kept, the thermometer dropped back down again Sunday night. Fol lowing is the report as furnished through the courtesy of the Libby Ranger Station; Date Dec. 30 Dec. 31 Jan. 3 Jan. 4 Jan. 5 Snowfall December 31 amounting to 5.2-in. brought a precipitation of 23-in._ GREATER LIBBY ASSOCIATION TO MEET JANUARY 12 The Greater Libby Association will hold its previously announced meeting Wednesday, January 12 at 8:00 p. m. in the New Central Audi torium. All organizations should instruct their delegates to be sure to attend. All other interested per sons are invited to attend and ex press their opinions even though voting is limited to delegates. H L 25 - 2 .27 14 .38 -11 10 -17 !• -18 COUNTY COMMISSIONERS ASK HIGHWAY COMM. TO CARE FOR REXFORD BRIDGE The board of county commission ers met the first of the week, at which time it passed a resolution requesting the State Highway Com mission to either put the Rexford bridge in a state of permanent re pair or construct a new bridge. Un less the structure is repaired or rebuilt, the entire northeast part of Lincoln County will be cut off from Libby, the county seat. The Board appointed Roscoe Gar rison constable for Libby Township to hold office until the next election. The bonds of Leland Tripp as jus tice of the peace in Tobacco Town ship were approved. _ CITY ISSUES LICENSES FOR COMING YEAR It was decided at the council meeting to hire day labor for neces sary street work. This is done on account of a shortage in the street fund. The following city licenses were approved: Lloyd Taylor, electrician and plumber; V. F. W., beer, liquor, and slot machine; Walter Kemp, wholesale beer; Ferd Boothman, beer & liquor; George Smith, beer; Ralph Roberts and Wm. Nelson, beer & liquor; The Keglers, slot machine and b owling alley. _ TERRIERS WIN TWO GAMES DURING THE HOLIDAYS The Libby High School basketball team , the Terriers, won two games during the holidays. The Terriers won from the Plains squad by a score of 66-26 and from Thompson Falls 44-29. There will be two games played this week. One with Big Fork on Friday, and the other with White fish on Saturday. Both games will be played on the local floor. Russell Memorial Campaign To Start * Great Falls—With the advent of the new year the Charles Russell Memorial Committee, Inc., will be under way with a campaign to pre serve for Montana the entire col lection of western paintings by the famous cowboy artist, which are now ha Falls. Willis of Great Falls, early-day crony of the colorful artist, who has been elected president of the memorial committee. - Öther of ficers are J. Burke Clements of Helena, vice-president; Dave Nettles of Butte, Secretary and Carl Hip nging in The Mint at Great This was announced by Sid the pel of Butte, treasurer. The com mittee has made Butte its head quarters with the address, Post office Box 1956. Many of Charlie Russell's finest original oils are at the Mint, along with wax figures, pen and ink sketches and personal effects of the man who became world famous for his depictions on canvas of the early day west. The owners have offered the entire collection to the mem orial for $125,000 after ref using a recent offer from eastern interests of $160,000 for the works of the one time cowhand who left inval uable pictorial records of the days when the rugged cattleman was giving Montana a start. Members of the committee who include prominent men and women from all sections of the state will seek to raise the money to pur chase the collection through public subscription. When the Russell pictures and other relics have been secured they will adorn a per manent place in Montana's capitol. "The Russell collection should provide a tremendous attraction for Montanans and tourists once it is on display at the capitol." Mr. Wil lis said. "Already substantial do nations are coming in from all parts of Montana. But that is not all. Persons in many other states, who have learned of oür movement to make a permanent home for the I Russell works are responding with money for the cause." A. Winton Weydemeyer To Appeal Board Helena—Five Montana men were appointed to the Montana Selective Service Appeal Board yesterday by Gov. Sam C. Ford. The Board was created under the new selective ser vice law. The Board consists of Ray Hou ton, Red Lodge; Winton Weyde meyer, Fortine and James E. Kreigh, Dr. David T. Berg and James D. Graham, all of Helena. They will be called on to handle all appeals from Local Board classi fications, and will meet in Helena at the call of State Adjutapt Gen eral, S. H. Mitchell, Director of Montana's Selective Service. LEAVE FOR PRE-INDUCTION PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS The local Draft Board reports that the following named men have been called for their pre-induction physical examinations; Joseph Le Roy Swansavere, Daniel Walter Halsey, Phillip Earl Redeye, Carl James Hammonds, William Andrew Nelson, Donald Henry Morgan, Har vey Anton Hanson, James William Warman, and Dale Norris Adams. They left Monday by bus for Butte and will also return by bus. There are approximately 540 reg istrants in Lincoln County, Chas. Skranak, secretary of the local board announced. Lincoln Co. Farmers Union Held Annual Holiday Party Despite bad roads and like weath er, about 45 members and friends of the Lincoln County Farmers Un ion, with a like number of assorted juniors and juveniles, gathered at the Trego schoolhouse the evening of December 30 for the annual holi day party. The festivities started off with a program under the direction of Mrs. Ernest Mee. A humorous skit was well performed by Maxine Berg, Pauline White, Delores Hillicker, Teddy Mee, Kermit Johnson,. .Ed ward Berg, and Hanno Oldenburg. Recitations by the younger set came from Donny Lundeen, Susan Hampton, Philip Mee, Courtney White and Kent Oldenburg. . A humorous monologue by Tommy White drew loud applause and ap preciation was expressed for a duet, sung by Edward Berg and Kermit Johnson. Another skit was pre sented by Mrs. Manuel Kautzman and a recitation by Hanno Olden burg. The program closed with solo and group singing led by Mrs. W. H. Oldenburg and was followed by a general exodus in the direc tion of the heavily laden dinner tables prepared by the ladies un der the guidance of Mrs. Myron Hampton. When a mountain of good food had been thoroughly relished, mu sic heralded the start of the grand march. This was followed by the Virginia Reel and several lively square dances interspersed with waltzing. Music was supplied sim ultaneously and alternately by Mrs. Ernest Mee and Evelyn Sainsbury at the piano and Ray Hampton on the accordion, with good fun and fellowship for all the family. Recent Polio Costs High The danger to family and com munity of polio epidemics was stressed today by Wm. Anderson, local March of Dimes director, who is leading this year's drive to raise funds for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. Pointing out that 1948 polio vic tims totaled around 36,000, approx imating the number stricken in the yeâr 1916, Anderson said that one significant advaneg has been the modem care and treat ment now available compared with that 30 years ago. He added, how ever, that the soaring costs of such treatment increased in proportion to costs of almost everything else. Mr. Anderson called the 1916 polio epidemics which attacked all-time record of more than 27,000 people. Fear and panic gripped the nation and railroads reported high sales of half-fare tickets as fami an lies sought safety through flight from stricken areas. The after-effects were also far worse than have been the case in epidemics of the last decade. Mod ern therapeutic care' has saved many limbs which otherwise might have remained paralyzed by the effects of the dread disease. "The National Foundation," Mr. Anderson added, "has learned from experience that there is much that can be done. We can bring all availabe knowledge to the aid of stricken communities. We can sup ply funds for the treatment of this most expensive disease. We can bring help in the form of hospital supplies, special equipment and medical personnel. We can open polio wards and staff hospitals. We can relieve the pressure of anxiety. "Most important," the County Chairman said, "is this. We can minimize to a great extent the crippling after-effects of the dis ease in many of those who are stricken. But to do this we must spend money. Give at least 50% more in 1949." WM, BAETH TO HEAD LABOR COUNCIL The Lincoln County Central Trades and Labor Council held a meeting Monday night and elected officers for the coming year. Wil liam Baeth was elected president; J. L. Brown, vice president; William Lannon, Recording secietary; John Postlewaite, Financial secretary treasurer; and Cecil Haynes, Ser geant-at-Arms. The Trustees are to be Ollie Blon dcll and Jim Stanton. CHRISTMAS TREE SALES Christmas tree sales on the Koo tenai National Forest for the 1948 season exceeded 1947 by approxi mately 50% according to Supervisor W. G. Guernsey. The Fortine Dis trict led all other districts in num ber and value of sales, making a total of 46 sales, 152,767 trees with a stumpage value of $9,620.83. Other forest sales were as follows: Libby, 36 sales, 107,087 trees, $6,159.23; Rexford, 21 sales, 50,092 trees, $1,749.50; Other, 14 sales, 28, 530 trees. $1,761.06. Total sales for the forest 117, trees 338,476 valued at $19,290.62. Sales for 1947 total 214,366 trees, valued at $12, 552.41. Austin Everett of Warland was in Libby Wednesday caring for business. Tobacco Valley History Tells of River Boats Interesting and authentic counts of steamboating on the Koo tenai in the latter days of the last century are given in an interesting resume of a chapter taken fron "The Story of the Tobacco Plains Country," a historical book soon to be published by the "Pioneer* of the Tobacco Plains Country,'" _ organization made up of pio neers from the Tobacco Plains section. The article appears in last Sunday Pacific Parade, the magazine section of The Spokesman-Review. It is written by Mrs. Guy Brock of Rex ford. ac Well written, and illustrated with attractive pictures, both old _ I new, the article tells of the An nerly, the first steamer to ply tlae waters of the Kootenai River to Montana. The Annerly was built by two men, Walter Jones, a for mer Texas rancher, who in the «Ts was a storekeeper and homesteader at Jennings, and Captain Harry De Pew, who launched the vessel to 1892 with Captain DePew as the skipper The vessel was a stem wheeler, 90 feet long on the water line, with a 15 foot beam and a capacity of 50 tons. She drew ao much water that runs could be made only during comparatively high water, from the end of May until October. An interesting account of a voy age on the Annerly taken some 56 years ago by Johanna Quirk Cof fee, who still makes her home to Eureka, is given as narrated by the pioneer, herself. She tells of a near wreck while navigating Elbow Cae yon a short distance above Jen nings. The accident resulted in a three day lay-off for repairs. The article also tells of the open ing of the North Star Mine north of Fort Steel, B. C., and the result ing shipments of ore to the railroad, its nearest point at that time being Jennings. Captain J. D. Miller built the Ruth. She was 151 feet over all with a 22 foot beam. She car ried her load on a 40 inch draught, her steam capstan pulling her over bars in H inches of water. A description is given of the race between the Ruth and the Gwend olyn, a Canadian steamer which came ' south from Columbia lake through Baille-Grohman's "Grand canal" into the Kootenai River. The race started from Jennings, the two vessels heading north to the bins six miles north of Fort Steel, where they loaded and started back for Jennings and the railroad. Tak ing chances by traveling at night each steamer made good time with the Ruth being in the lead when she went on the rocks at Elbow canyon above Jennings. Soon the Gwendolyn joined her rival on the rocks, and it was then that Bill IDoak, (recently deceased in Lib by) rescued 70 passengers from the Ruth, using a boat which he man aged to free from the wreck. ore The Ruth was never repaired but the Gwendolyn was soon rebuilt and later jointed by the North Star, a new boat of 32 foot width and 150 ton capacity. Both of these boate were owned by The International Transportation Co. Captain Miller was in charge of The North Star, Walt Russel was first mate, Bill Doak, purser, the late Jim Harris bartender, and Charlie Miller. Cap tain Miller's son, pilot. Going up river there were seven places where the North Star had to be pulled up with headline and steam capstan during high water, and 13 places during low water. According to the article as it ap peared in The Spokesman. Rustler was built in 1897 by B. Wal ter Jones and Captain DePew but was wrecked a short time later the canyon. The last boat built for the Kootenai trade was the J D. Farrel. with nice cabins, steam heat and electric lights; but to quote the conclusion of the article, "Twi light con es to all things—and the end of the river traffic was spelled by the shining new rails running up through the valley ridden by the clattering iron horse that could make the trip from Jennings to Fernie in one day." The : r Town Teams to Play Basketball Tonight Are you attending the town bas ketball games? Tonight theré will be two more games, which will be free to the public, says Norman Darsow in charge of publicity for the town league. Last week V. F. W. smothered the Midgets in the first game of the evening, winning the long end of a 39 to 7 score. The second game saw the Lumbermen defeat Union 22-19 in a closely fought game. The two players having high scores for the evening were Bob Chapman with 17 points, and Don Sleizer who scored 12 points. The town team league gives the public opportunity to again see the high school stars of yesterday in action. Don't forget tonight's games are free t o the public. __ Until 1750, all newspaper presses came to the colonies by import.