Saint Mary's beacon. [volume], February 23, 1905, Image 1

About Saint Mary's beacon. [volume] (Leonard Town, Md.) 1867-1983

Image provided by: University of Maryland, College Park, MD

                
Stint Marfl'a Beacon
PUBLISHED EVERT THURSDAY
By T. F. Yatoo ud F. V. Kin*.
A Dollar a Yaar In Advance.
Terms ter Transient AdTeniiiß|.
One square, one insertion $1 00
Each subsequent insertion 60
Eight lines or less constitute a square
A liberal deduction made for rear*
ly advertisements. Correspondence
solicited.
LUMMB.MIYEBS-ATTENTION,
BEST ONE INOH BOARDS—BRIGHT IN 100 LOB
AND WIDE BOARDS. BOARDS THAT ARE ONE
LENGTH—ALL 16 PEET-AT A PRIOR WITHIN
REACH OF ALL LUMBER BUYERS :
|I.U per 100 square feet VS^SSUSMSJSt
ed have been put through the dry bile, thereby giving you the best kind
of rough pine boards for general use to bo found anywhere.
North Carolina Pine Flooring * only si.?6 per 100 feet, tws
flooring ia all even width, (3 inches), which makes an uniform floor, and
enables you to match up all the cuttings la laying the floor, therefore, no
wnele occurs and the manufacture ia so perfect that the toagueaad groove
match up evenly aui .a<Ue a good smooth floor. This flooring too ia kiln
dried and therefore brigot in color.
Millwork for Frame Homes of all kinds kept in stock, and we are
prepared to load out in one day from one to three carloads of all the ma
terials necessary to construct a suburban residence or a barn. There
will be no delay, no disappointments, no errors, for we always 4 invite the
carpenters to spend the day with us and inspect the loading of their car.
Wa have a complete stock of
Shingles, Doors, Blinds. Sididgs, etc.
FRANK LIBBEY & 00.,
6th 6c New York Ave., N. W. Washington, D. C.
f
Es Ta§“ Tli lest of Time. tJSVSf
UY2 AHD
DBXSSXD POULTRY.
aMppon who wool a lorn sad absolutely rollabto bouao to bmdlo their BaIU
JUHO aooouau should set In touch with M
I. COOKE & SONS. 7 W. Pratt St.
hovo the outlet and oon ptooao you. Wo handle
Poultry, Eggs, Calves, Lambs, Wool, Fur. Grain,
Dressed Pork. Fruits and Vegetables.
Returns Made Daily. Sept 22-y
SHIP POULTRY
-TO
€. M. LEWIS,
14 E, CAMDEN ST., Baltimore, Md .,
FOR
Best Results,
Prompt and
Satisfactory Returns.
MEMBER OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
EDELEN BROS,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
FOR THE SALE OF
TOBACCO , GRAIN AND PRODUCE.
Dpeoial attention nrlven to
TTYx.® Inspection oJF Tobaooo,
196 8. SOUTH CHARLES STRUT, BATDCORI, HD
ALSO DEALERS IN
Bdslsu Bros., Special Tobaooo Guano, Edelen Bros. Wheat and Grain Mix
- turn, Purs Ground Bone, Pure Dissolved S. C. Bone.
OT* Oar 'Special Tobaooo Guano’ and Wheal and Grain Mixture wi
BAW HAD UANUFAOTUBBD. SPECIAL ORDERS SOLICITED.
* _ •
W. SHAW and JNO. M. TALBERT, t JOHN M. PAGE, i
Salesmen. ( _ Cashier. 1 [
The Maryland Commission Agency,
OF BALTIMORE CITY.
Oirwtort.: Far the Sale of
j. t. hotohms, President, Tobacco, Grain and Wool ,
Josara S. Wilson, Seoty.
John H. Mitbxll, anp
f. H. Daanall,
John B. Oeat,
aT ; SS? 1 Farm Produce Generally
Da. Gannas W. Dobsnt.
SmHi East Canwr Prttt awl Cbaiiai StrMtt.
Ma. John M. Talbnnt will give hia personal attention to the in spec
tlon of all Tobaooo ooaaigned to ua.
Hiram G. Dudley. James J. Greenwell. Frank S. Dudley.
DUDLEY & CARPENTER,
-General Commission Merchants,
213 South Charles St., Baltimore,
Soil Tobacco, Grain and Country Produce
attention given to tits careful sampling of Tobaooo.
VOL. 66.
LEONARDTOWN, MD., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23. 1906.
( Written for the Beacon.)
Pelham-Breathed Battery.
By H. H. Maithxws.
Movements of Breathed't Battery after
the engagement at Kelly b Feed 17 tk
Marsh 1863, P *© cad including
CkaneelloreviU, May let nod 2nd ,
1063.
Part ix.
After the fight at Kelly's Ford tbs
battery encamped near Culpeper
C. H., awaiting very patiently the
movements of fighting Joe Hooker's
Army of the Potomac. Breathed
was with Pits Lee; McGregor with
W. H. F. Lee and Moorman with
with Hampton on the upper fords of
the Bapidan river. It must be re
membered that at this time tbs Yan
kee cavalry were in magnificent con
dition, while ours were beginning
to feel the effects of constant duty
of tba hardest kind. Tbs men as
well as the poor horses were nearly
exhausted. The Federal Cavalry
had been reorganised in such a man
ner that any Federal commander
might well have been proud of their
formidable numbers, if not their val
or. Brig. Geo. Stoneman was plac
ed in command of the corps with
the rank of 'Major General.’ Ac
cording to the ‘Official Records’ they
bad for active service 18,000 cavalry
and 10 batteries of horse artillery,
consisting mostly of that magnificent
piece of ordnance —3-inch rifles.
Geo. J. E. B. Stuart’s command con
sisted of 3 brigades of cavalry un
der Brigadier Generals Frits Lee,
W. H. F. Lee and Wade Hampton,
respectively, soldiers who bsd prov
ed their metal on many a hotly con
tested field of battle. The Horse
Artillery consisted of Breathed's,
McGregor’s and Moorman’s batte
ries, under the command of that
peerless soldier and gentleman. Ma
jor R. F. Beckham, who succeeded to
the command of this celebrated ba
tallion on the death of the immortal
Pelham, our dearly loved command
er, the wonder of the Army of North
ern Virginia.
Stoneman ’a immense command bad
mapped out for it work that oould
it have accomplished would have
made its commander’s name as re
nowned as any cavalry general in
modern warfare. There was one
great obstacle in the way of his ad
vance—the ever vigilant Stuart—al
ways awake and alert to checkmate
his adversary. We will now see
what Stoneman was expected to do,
and how he failed. Stoneman was
expected to cross the Rappahannock
River at different fords [of course,
surprising tbs rebel pickets and
capturing them, which be did not
. do] getting in the rear of Gen. Lee’s
army and Richmond, destroying
railroads and all Confederate States
property, [private property as well],
operating as far as the White House,
on the Psmonkey river; Charlotls
ville on the Va. Central R R, and
all other supply stations on the Or
ange A Alexandriaß R Stoneman
received hia orders from Washing
ton on the 18th of April, 1863, and
on the 13th, be concentrated bis com
mand near Morrisville, Fauquier
, county, preparatory to his leading
the advance of fighting Joe Hook
er’s Grand Army of the Potomac on
its triumphant march to Richmond
on the James. General Averill, (of
* Kelly’s Ford fiasco) took possession
of Kelly’s Ford on the Rappaban-
R nook river, sons to make their croea
ing in the morning (14th) secure.
To resist this immense body of Fed
eral cavalry Stuart only had the 9th
. and 13tb Va. cavalry and 116 men of
the find N. C. cavalry with Breath
ed and McGregor, always looking
for trouble, usually finding it. (See
McClellands book on Stuart.) "Fits
Lee had been ordered North and
oould not return in time to take a
# hand in this melee." Geo, Stuart,
always alert and ready for any ad
vance of the Federal cavalry, placed
his handful of men in such a master
ly manner that notwithstanding the
' discrepancy of numbers, they oould
not effect a crossing that day [l4th]
although tbsy made repeated at
tempts to do so. Buford made an
> attempt to cross at Kelly’s Ford,
with his regulars, hut failed. The
fire of our sharpshooters at the Ford
~ under the command of the gallant
f m Capt S. Bolling, of the 9th Va. cav
alry, proved too much for them.
The Horse Artillery, under tba game
Jlm Breathed, kept them back. The
furious firing of shell and shrapnel
from Breathed’a 3-ioefa bulldogs,
caused them to retire in disgust be
yond the hills on the opposite sid<
cl the river. Brig -General Gregg
of the Federala, moved hit division
up to the railroad bridge, about (
miles from Kelly's ifeSl Breathed i
In the meantime had s|aao relieved •
by ooe or Mooroaaai|imle and he *
proceeded iHAwt delay to> the rail- ’
road bridge, where vetoed a block
bouse and a detacbmaal cf mo uo- -
der Lieut, W. $. Gary, of the 9tb €
Va. cavalry. The reoaaMer of the i
9th and Breathed’s balshfin support- I
ed these rifleman In thqbbak bouse. I
A party of Gen. OrhiPNactnrwand 5
vasalloved to cross the fiver, the \
detachment in the bkick house re
tiring to draw them on. A r hen part 1
of the Federal cavalry tol crossed,
the old reliable Ml Vi rft ak* under ,
Col. W. H. F. Lea, charged them, ,
forcing them back into the water ia i
great confusion. 1
Breathed with two guns took po- '
sition on the left of the 9th Va oav- <
airy, accelerating the movemints of 1
the enemy very successfully apd sat- 1
isfsctory to ourselves if not the ene- |
my. Afterwards they brought a ]
battery into position, whiob proved ,
to be Battery M 2nd U. S. Artillery,
ooramanded by IA Alex. C. M. Pen
nington, (now a retired Brig.-Gene- i
ral living in New York one of I
the very best batteries U the Yan
kee Army Corps. We ba{ frequent- 1
ly met this battery on maty a battle- *
field in Maryland and Virginia. We
recognised each other whan we came
into battery, as Gen. Pennington
slated to me in a letter iated'N. Y.
city, Feb. 10.1908. He trots:
“I never knew Breached, as we
never got close enough together tor
an introduction, but 1 knew the bat
tery he commanded, an* can testify
to its bull-dog tenacity Sod conspic
uous gallantry. It always seemed
to me the most prominent horse bat
tery on your side, and 1 remen knew
it well. I am sorry tjiat you have
so few survivors of the little band
who made us so uneasy In those days.
“Yours truly,
“Alp. C. M. PawwiMOTON,
“Late Capl. Battery M. 2nd U.
“S. Horse Artlitary, Brig.-Geo.
“Betired, U. S. A.”
After a long contest we forced bat
tery M from the field, amid the cheers
of the 9th Va. cavalry and our rifle
men According *a Federal reports
the battery sustained considerable
damage, having one caisson biown
up and several men and horses killed
and wounded. The damage to our
battery waa alight. That night Gen.
Gregg sent a body of cavalry up to
Beverly’s ford, but finding the vig
ilant Stuart bad anticipated his move
ments, ha retired to Morristown.
After a lapse of over 41 years, it
seems strange to mg that Stoneman
did not (oroe some ot the lords, com
pelling Stuart to fall back upon Cul
peper C. H. or the Bapidan river.
He certainly had the force to do so,
but was evidently afraid to attack
Stuart in force, for fear of getting
another drubbing similar to the one
he received sear Second Manassas.
Alter wdm very spicy correspondence
between Hooker, St—an sod Presi
dent Lincoln, Stoneman was at last
forced (by pubic eeetheeet) across the
Rappahannock river by Booker’s imper
ative orders. This onkr will be found la
the Official Records, VoL 96, Bevies 1.
Part 1, Page 1066. This order le wed
worth reading, showing how be waa com
pelled to break camp. Lack of space pre
vents me from publishing it. According
ly on the 16th Buford moved np to the
railroad bridge from Rally's ford, form
: inga inaction with the hnlnnre of Gregg’c
command. Gregg moved ep to Beverly
, ford, where he effected a crossing, sur-
I prising our pickets, bat not eaptering a
r man. Gen. Stnart having to extend his
flanks, it necessarily mads kis fine a very
; this ons on oar frit. Gen. V. H P. Las,
who was near that point, being informed
of thin movement, hnmedinfofy threw the
9th nad lßth Va cavalry and Shank's
acetion of Breathed’s battery aeroas their
i path. They met Gregg before hie entire
f command had crossed the river, driving
. them pell meM back Into it, drowning
r no me and eaptnring a Li. and 94 men of
j the Brd Indiana cavalry. This ended
( that movement. Oats again did the
, great Stuart prove kin superior general
ship against a isrgw fares.
* The determined reefatance ol two email
* regiments of cavalry and Bmathsd’s four
* gnus broke np their plane, delaying for
1 nearly 14 day* the advance ol the Army
- of the Potomac, oodwr the leadership of
s Offering Joe Hooker, who swore by his
I sword that ha would marsh hit army
| through the streets of Richmond by May
1,1868. “Man propoaea, God disposes.”
fto found oat fighting Joe Hooker, the
1 jingo ol the Army ol the Potomac.
Gen. Stnart, reeliifngtbeimmense fores
5 in his front and their purpose of penetrat
-1 fog his rear, recalled Pits Las from Sperry
t vllle to Calpepsr C. H., distant about 90
- mike. Stnart had, “according to hk re-
L port of April let.” 9000 men, all told.
B opposed by 6,900 waa, who wars ia hk
0 front. Stnart waa covering
at that time a fractal nearly fifty mike
with only 9000 man and two 4-gun bat-
l * terka Breathed*s aad MtQiegoi’s ac
'* cording to Major McCMtand, Smart's
6 ebkf of eta*. About toe latter part of
’• April, Stnart noticed that aO of toe lords
Q in our frost ware gvardsd by Infantry.
6 This, of sauna, mads Stout toveatigata.
And what had hsco— of the Federal cav
alry? He was not long la diatom
ia, for oa the 98th of April aa ea-
Braal activity was noticeable; trains
This breekieg of camp meant tkatßook
er’s army at last had began to move.
That might Hooker threw a pontoon
bridge ecroes the leppeheneork river
below Kafiy’s lord. By daybreak of the
99th the 11th corps coder Oca. Oliver O.
Howard end the 18tk carps ead* Oca.
Henry W. Sloeam bed crossed. Stoevt
promptly notified (halm. At4a.ee.
iSlocnm moved tatkedfrectioa elGerman
about II a. m. la the misstlmi thrfitk
ead 18th Fa. eavaby, safer W.dLF.
Lee, accompanied by Breathed’e battmy;
made the daw advance of Hooker’s van
dals, anything bat pleasant, lor we held
them back, disputing every .lack of
ground, occasionally reminding them,
that there wae noma people la the road
ahead at them, by shell ead rsnsistsr,
Ocn. Stuart on being ink)need by Us
scouts, that the heed iid lliNiksi 'kiqliiicii
wee heading lor Qennaaaa Ford and to I
verify the report, moved Fits Lee, and 8
regiments of W. H. F. Lee’s cavalry,
piercing the column at the Yankees, cap
turing prisoners from the 11th, 18th,
and sth, Corps. This important capture
developed Hooker’s movemeat and reveal
ed to Stuart what wae ia his front. This
information wae imparted to Oca. B. E.
Lee, causing him to make the neeemary
plane to meet the uninvited guests. Fits
Lae with Us right bower, Jim Breathed,
marched nearly all night, rmetkig the
Bapidaa River early ia the morning,
resting hie men for a few moments.
The Brigade had been on |hs march sight
sad day for more than a month. The
men and horses were Jaded and exhaust
ed, longing for a few days of rest, that
their tired bodies might be refreshed.
But that rest did noteoaee,* lor many a
day. Col. Owens, of the 3rd Va. caval
ry waa sent to the Wilderness ran. The
lierkncee of the sight canned thi fled Fa.
to become scattered, and on the morning
of the 80th, when the head of hia column
reached the bridge at the ran, he found
that he only had a **"*'* number of t>G
regiment with him, and was opposed by
two regiments of Federal cavalry. He
fought hard and stubbornly to hold the
bridge, but was at last forced back, re
tiring skirmishing toward ChaaeeUore
ville,keeping aphis formation all the way
back. .Stuart bearing of Owens trouble
hastened to hia assistance with the bal
ance oi Fits Lee's trusty old brigade nod
Breathed's battery. We reached Wilder
ness run Tavern [Todd’s] about the earns
time as the 3rd Va. did, opening fire at
once upon the force that was driving the
3rd back.
(To be continued.)
Give Tour Stomach a lot.
Your food must be properly di
gested and assimilated to bo of any
value to you. If your stomach ia
weak or diseased take Kodol Dys
pepsia Cure. It digests what yon
eat and gives the stomach areal, en
abling it to recuperate, take on new
life and grow atroog again. Kodol
cures sour stomach, gas, bloating,
heart palpitation and all digestive
disorders. L. A. Soper, of Little
Rock, Ky., writes us:-' M We-foel that
Kodol Dyspepsia Cure deserves all
the commendation that can be given
it, as it saved the life of our little
girl when she wae three years old.
She is now six and ws bava kept it
for her constantly, but of course aba
only takes it now when say thing dis
agrees with her.’’ Sold by Loker
A deWaal.
A country squire in New Eng
land was called in by a colored fam
ily to make a few remarks at the
funeral of their eon, in the absence
of the clergyman of the place. The
weeping friends ware seated about
the room, when be arose and said:
"It’s pretty bed; but if I was you I
wouldn’t take on so. It’s all for the
best. "Spoee he’d lived and grown
up to be a fiat, healthy boy, why,
he’d never be nothing but a nigger
, anyhow."
MB.If there is anything that will
, make the old man think that a shar
per’s tooth bites worse thah a ser
pent’s, it is to have hia daughter
* beat him out of a dollar to frame
and glate a "Welcome Home," and
then lay it on a parlor chair where
i be sits down on it in the dark.
The m Time Way.
Our Grandmothers gave us pow
f ders and teas because they knew
t nothing of modern medicine and
r methods. In this age of progress
r and discovery, nicely coated, oom
> pressed tablets are fast superceding
the old time powders and teas.
Bydale’s Liver tablets are compres
sed chocalate coated tablets, easy to
* swallow, pleasant in offset,; always
* reliable. They contain ingredients
* that cannot be used in powders or
) tees. Ingredients that have an effect
. upon the liver that is never obtain
ed from the so called liver powders
’ etc. A trial will prove their merits.
f Loker A deWsal.
How la your daughter progreseinj
in the study of languages? “Beau
tilully," answered Mrs. Ctuarox
* "Has she a good foreign accent?
■ "Yes. Her teacher says that abt
■ speaks German with a French so
. cent and French with a German as
i. cent."
(Writtm for Aa Bmcom.) 1
HDUmiE ISLANDS. • j
it atwat n. uovnn. <
Igmaraanu uT the CUnsm
Tba Chloeae undoubtodly are the i
moat ignorant aad nuperntitious ■
rnoa of pooplo known. Their fear is 8
mortal —or bodily — not of what ia to 1
coma in the hereafter. In abort any i
common sense person would deride '
noy doctrines snob nenre taught the
Chinks. Il to driven by force into <
them, Uto not tor a eeolto or Chink '
Id am I win balfeve this and that, *
but ha haa to believe what to told (
him aad waa to the on# who done '
not. In our own country wo all
know we oan believe what weehooee I
and preach the name providing noy *
one will listen to un But In Chinn 1
It is quite different. The one who 1
had the nerve to preach opposite to 1
what they are Uugbt, Is not to be 1
found end if he were his would be n
hard death. Hla own elans of peo
ple would be the first to help his
downfall.
Now in my opinion the greatest
fault which tends to preserve the
ignorance of the Chinks is this.
Now Chinn is what can be called a
alnve country nod we nil know bow
superstitious the negro was and ia.
Well it is similar with the coolies.
A mandarin or person of high autho
rity to given n province to govern
and he haa supreme authority to do.
as be pleases. He knows that if the
coolies find out their ignorance that
his power will be a thing of the past
no he fills them with all kinds of
yarns and does a few tricks. A
mao that oan do tricks is looked
upon aa a sort of Joes and a wooden
Image is made of him and theofficials
pretend to offer worship to him.
Undoubtedly this mandarin b*~
been to other countries and has seen
bow far behind times Chios is: be
also known il would not do for the
slaves to know it so they are forced
to believe that China is the only
nation. There are several Chinks 1
know and wa have a few talks and
than have told me many interesting
things. He believes himself that
nil the doctrines taught him are only
myths. He also told me that be be
lieves that these high officials only
pretend to worship Joanee to impress
it on lbs minds of tbs Coolies. He
bee seen (he navies and armies of
other nations and knows Chios is
not n circumstance, but he dsre not
go beck end preach such a thing.
He knows his heed would not last
over 24 hours, so the poor Chink
will remain Igoornnt of the fact be
should know until some foreign na
tion helps them out. Since the last
war with ths Allied Powers the Chi
nese have begun to become trouble
some. They saw tbsir loved China
whipped; her armies driven Hkecat
tie, but it was only a few who ever
beard of it. This fellow told me he
kaows some Chinks that believe and
1 have bean told that China whipped
the Allied Powers. So bow is the
| problem going to he solved unless
by foreigners?
Did you ever seen map of Chinn
printed by the Chinks? Well I
have aad Ist nw aay it leaves a very
small portion ol the earth's surface
for the rest ol the world. Just
* question boom Chink about China
* and 1 ensure you will see bow big
oted an opinion ha haa and what
[ foolish things ha to mads bsliva.
' The fairy tales you and 1 have read
1 whan young are the seif-asms things
! the Chinks believe. The story
about Sleeping-beauty and others
have bean told aa by this Chink
k and poor fallow ha does not know
* what to believe.
' Ha to in doubt end does not know
, what to da He to afraid to open
I his mouth for fear some of his com-
radea might overhear him and give
him away. So that to the way with
, all oI them who have been to other
countries. Thetis the reason the
* missionaries are not wanted in China
[ for they know that they will show
i the coolies in what an ignorant state
- they are in. Yet if ooe Chink is
I converted be to afraid to go out and
■ preach to hto former friends. There
] to where the whole secret Use. If
i they would, only go out amongst
> their own people after being con
r verted it would be easier to Chris
tianise them.
b A ■■neat From Manila.
“* Nature haa lavished without re
serve Crom her unlimited store of
I beauty on lha scenery ’opposite
* Manila daring n sunset. Such va
j- vied colors, rich, harmonious and en
trancing are seldom lobe witnessed.
* The eye to riveted on this wonder
y ini panorama which nature bee
famished. -Tba mountain whose
Saint Maru s Beacon.
Job Printing, such at
Handbills, Circulars,
Blanks, BUI Heads, executed with
neatness and despatch.
Fhrtles haring Real or Personal
Property for sale can obtain des
criptive handbills neatly executed
and at city prices
4260
peak Is never visable is in plain
view. The various tinted spots and
streaks at its apex, the streak of
blue encircling it,, the perfect color
oI the sky in the background are Un
comparable. Any artist would rave
over it. The sun s rays reflecting
in the phosphorescent water of Ma
nila cause streaks of various
shades to spring forth. Perhaps
some of you have seen a sunset in
the the Rocky Mountains? If so,
well it is an excellent comparison.
The sky after the glorious, sun has
sunk from view behind the borison
still sheds streaks of rich sparkling .
color on the clouds. The mountain
gradually grows darker and the
streak of blue encircling it fades
away. The sky loses its color of
gold and leaves nothing but a dark
clear shade of orange. The moun
tain shows up perfectly with this
shade in the background. Presen
tly that also fades from eight and
the twinkling stars sparkle every
where. The heavens seems likeone
large diamond brooch. The even
ing star sinks slowly behind the
borison. In tho morning the far
famed Southern Cross is plainly visi
ble. This is a much noted forma
tion in the ‘Slurry Kingdom." It
has four stars which resemble e
cross, end can only be seen in south
ern countries.
To watch the stars twinkle here
is something wonderful; quite fre
quently one will shoot clear across
the vast expanse of the sky and
sometimes you could almost say you
saw where it fell. The moon 1 be
lieve never ceases to pour forth its
flood of light. Every night since 1
have been here its glorious rsys
pour forth brilliantly and the night
is almost like the day. It seems to
be more powerful here than in our
own country, that is to say it seems
•bat it is lighter here at night with
a ) moon than in the Stales with s
full muon.
Chinese Literature.
Chinese literature is the most vol
uminous of literatures, besides be
ing the most important in Asia. Its
reference is to a nation whose his
tory is little known, especially in an
cie;it times. It shows the peculiari
ties of the people who for centuries
were unknown to the remainder of
the world.
The birth of their language is un
known, but it is in all probability
tbe oldest language spoken to-day.
The alterations in the past centuries
are few if any, which fact only serves
to draw tbe contrast between Chi
nese and other languages. Tbe pur
est Chinese spoken is at Nankin the
former capital of tbe country ; also
in tbe Court and society.
One of the differences existing be
tween the written and tbe spoken
is this, —tbe written does not gen
erally express the sounds of tbe
words, but the ideas of object, con
sequently tbe alphabetical charac
ters are ideographic and not phone
tic.
Tbe Chinese language belongs to
the first branch in the "Classifica
tion of Languages’’—the Monosyl
labic.
Their progress in Science has been
developed but little, still they have
some works of no mean value. Their
historical and geographical works
sre interesting and probably tbs
most successful they have. Chios
has bad more dynasties than any
other nation and every dynasty has
its official record of events, and be
ing tbe possessor of 21 histories
gives her s brilliant and accurate
account of everything up to tbe third
century Before Christ.
Their dramatic powers have never
attained soy success. "Tbs 100
plays of tbe Yuen Dynasty" is ths
most valuable. Some have been
translated into other languages sod
played ou foreign stages. "The O
rphan of China" which served as the
nucleus of Voltaire s tragedy of that
name is one of the best. Chinese
sre lovers of historical as well sa
moral romances founded or. reason
more than imagination. They are
more skilled in tbe details than lbs
conception of tbe works.
Japanese Literature.
Japanese literature is classed
among tbe isolated languages. Tbs
early centuries in Japan the written
and spoken languages were identical
but later on it grew different. In
writing tbe Chinese characters oc
cupy tbe more important places.
Thera are two great religions in Ja
pan, namely—Shintoism and Budd
-1 bism. Tbe characteristic of tbe Shin
to religion is tbe worship of ances
tors. It has no doctrines, morals,
and no precepts.
Tbe earliest record of history is a
1 book called "Kojiki" relating to aa
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