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J . - ih- - s . . . 3 . XViliO Terms: Two Dollars Per Annum In Advance. 'TEUTfl CEU8BED TO lABTH BHiLL ElSB AAft." A Family Newspaper Independent on All Subjectn. BY G. W. BROWN & CO; .LAWRENCE KANSAS, DECEMBER 25, 1858. NUMBER 21 VOLUME 4. I . ' . " ' t Sw. rf l 1L U:W1LJLJ11LS S . 1,. Jb For tt IJtrald of Freedom. Gire ma thy Hand. Y XM. 8. II. V. DEsYo.H. . Ciire me th j hand, mi brother, .Whatever be tby nun; If on threpirit's elfar , . . , There turns the holj flame Of love that knows no changing, No shadow of deeay. That only barm the brighter At ages speed away. Giro me thr hand, my brother. If ever from thy heart. One prayer bath (one to heaven. For strength to bear thy part In this world's toil; to labor, IIomnity toe&vc, from the Untold oppressions That erti'h it to the crave. . liY m thy hand, my brother. Though light or dark its hue. If true thou art to God, thyself, And to thy mission truo; If thou art bold in Freedom's cause. Art battlint; for the right, 5 or fearest, though alone, to stand In truth's all conq'rins might. Give me thy hand, my brother, If faithful thou hast been, To. that par? ray of light lif irie; that dwells thr totil within) . Or even hast thou wandered, From duty's path away, If willing to return axsinj Gire me thy band, for aye. Aanexatfen of "South Plane,' Kansas. Nebraska, to For two years past in fact nearly ever since the organization of Nebraska and Kansas, there has been considerable staid in Congress and out of it, as to the practi cal operations and beneficial results most likely to arise by annexing "South Platte," Nebraska, to Kansas. As a journalist and private citizen, together with: we are sat isfied, a great majority of the citizens of Nebraska residing bouth of the I'latte fiver, we have opposed such a proposition for the single reason that we would thus become mixed up in the "Kansas difficul ties." These difficulties being now re moved, or settled, we are forced to admit that thero are many and weighty reasons in favor of the movement. We will has tily give a fow arguments that present therasolves to our mind. In the first place, the Tlatte river is a natural boundary line ; has been, is, and always will bo, an almost insuperable bar rier dividing the two sections of Nebras ka, known as "North Platte," and "South Platte." Full one-half tho season it is utterly impassable. It cannot be bridged except at enormous expense ; and should this bo done, owing to the treacherous em bankments and bed of the river, nine chances to one, the first freshet after its completion, would sweep it away. Again there has grown up a bitter sec tional or local feeling between those two portions of tho country, entering into al most every question that may be agitated, which always has and always will prevent harmonious effort, and retard the progress and development of tho Territory. In short, there are no interests in common at stake. And, still again, while we remain as we are, we cannot reasonably expect to be admitted into the great sisterhood of States short of ten years to come. We have net the population to gain admit tance. We have not the financial ability to sustain ourselves as an independent State Government In the second place, the line as it now exists between Kansas and Nebraska, is really only imaginary on paper in pass ins from one to the other it cannot be found. Not even a stone or stake denotes the separating line, except perhaps some private mark of the surveyor known only to himself. The natural interests of the two sections spoken of are one and the same; nature has so arranged, and it can not be otherwise. Bv annexation, we assist to swells dod- u'ation sufficiently large to gain immediate admission into the Union, and thus take oar place in the rank as a sovereign State, with a voice, votes, and influence in our National Council. We become identified with a portion of the country possessing a world wide notoriety. Ana however much we may deplore the manner of ob taining, and the cost of that notoriety, yet must admit Kansas has an advertisement Unprecented ; attention has been drawn to her from, we might say, almost every portion of the known world. We become attached to, and gain a population and wealth; a section of country susceptible of agricultural advancement and internal improvements, porportionate with our own. We become joint participants in the extensive land donations which usually follow the admission of new States, and ill thereby be enabled to adopt and carry out a system of internal improvements, and consequent development, which will, in a surprisingly short time, make a State f unsurpaming wealth, prosperity and greatness. We become possessed of the power to regulate and govern our own af fairs; we pass from minority into majority, become men of full stature ; breathe free, et free, feel free, and are free. We have briefly given a few of our in dividual ideas in relation to this matter, in this issue of our paper. We shall re fer to it again, perhaps frequently ; and in the meantime would be pleased to hear from others who may feel disposed to pre wit their ideas through the columns of ""Advertiser either for or against . We have conversed with a number of i prominent citizens of Nemaha, Johnson, a Clay counties within a few days past, .and find a, veTy general opinion in favor ef annexation. We trust, however, that faction willU asked of, or taken by Congress, until an expression by petition otherwise, of the citizens interested, ewtUhad. Brnmvmt,N. Advertiser. A Man Frocen to fiesta, A man whose name we' were not able 1n),.but a'Switzerlander by birth, was jound dead on his claim about four miles TOm town one day this week. It is sup at he had been dead some six or wen dayg when found. He had been wv. r' months previous, and in all probv m a man without a family, nd died a Enihtuivtlc Railroad Haetlcg la Wyandot! An adjourned Railroad meeting was held in this city on Saturday last. Dr. J. P. Root was appointed President ; Hon. Wm. McKay, Col. Geo. S. Park, William Millar, Esq., and Hon. J.W.Wright, Vice Presidents ; Messrs. Heberton, Macauley and Macdonald, Secretaries. Mr. Clough was the first speaker, ne made an able, argument in. favor of the construction ef the Parkville and Grand River road. Complimented us handsome ly for our enterprise, and said that the adoption of a wise policy in regard to Railroads, would give us a permanent ad vantage over rival towns. Judge Wright followed. He showed the advantages to Wyandott of a connec tion with the Hannibal Road. Said we could thus obtain goods at low rates of freight, as there would be active compe tition between the Hannibal and Pacific Roads to secure the immense trade we could furnish. , Col. Park made an earnest appeal in behalf of the Road to Cameron. Hoped the people would subscribe liberally to the stock of the Road, and work for it Mr. Mcumre.amemberof the Missoun Legislature, made an eloquent and forci ble speech in favor of the immediate con struction of the Hannibal Branch Road to Parkville. He pledged the hearty co-op eration of the people of Missouri; and the Legislature, lie was listened to with marked attention, and warmly applauded. It being ascertained that Uen. Burnett, our new Surveyor-Ueneral, was in the room, he was called for. He responded in a short address in which he touched up on our commercial advantages, the neces sity of a Pacific Railroad, the vast trade it would command, and the importance of tne Aansas gold discoveries, as rendering its speedy construction certain. 1 he meeting was a great success, and the people are fully awake to the impor tance of the subjects discussed. W. X. Koberts made an able speech, in support of the Road, after which a vote was taken on a proposition that the town take stock in the road to the amount of three hundred thousand dollars, which was unanimously acceded to. Mr. R. made a report in favor of the construction of the Kansas Valley Hailroad, as follows : Address and Resolutions or the Railroad Convention. The subject of railroad communication in every di rection from this point, is one that is cot confined in its importance to the narrow limits of a city, nor yet is it circumscribed by the boundaries of our extensive Territory, but is an enterprise, the importance of which is being felt in all parts of our Union. " Cast your eye upon the map of the United States, and draw lines from its va rious important border localities to their opposite, and you will nnd theso lines crossing each other at this point : .Look at the general geography of our country, and at this place you will nnd a peculiar concentration of interests, hxatmne the configuration of the country. North, South and West of its, and it alike points to Wyandott as a focus of 4rade. The rapid settlement and improvement of the Kansas valley and the whole east ern portion of the Territory, promoted by our mild climate, healthful atmosphere and rich soil, the recent discovery of gold on our western borders, together with the important treaties rccentlyjconcluded with China and the Japanese Empire, by which tho immense trade of these countries is about to be opened to our Pacific Coast, have given increased importance to the great national enterprise, the construction of a railroad across the continent, by which the commerce of Asia will be thrown into the heart of the nation and find its way to our eastern seaboard and to Europe. The people of all sections of the Union are beginning to look with anxious and hopeful expectation for its speedy comple tion. Routes are being examined, plans are being canvassed, and capital, of which our country has a large unemployed surplus, is looking anxiously in that direction for investment That the Kansas valley presents the most advantageous route for the great central stem of the Pacific road, strife. ingly manifest even to those who know nothing of the route except wnat tney gather from the study of the geography of the country, but to us, who nave Decome familiar with the facts from actual obser vation, this truth is most unquestionably demonstrated. For vour consideration, allow us to pre sent a few of its more prominent points of superiority over other routes proposed. 1st It is central to the Union, being on the 39th parallel of Nerth latitude, alike accessible to the .North and tne oouin, ana hence relieved from the objection as a na tional work, that of being sectional. 2d. By this route the road willjjass througn me center 01 a vauey, aua i w, for a distance of over six hundred miles, abounding in all the natural elements of mineral, agricultural and manufacturing wealth which, when developed by the construction of that portion of the road, will find a local trade amply sufficient to make the stock of the road a good invest ment independently of the through busi ness, for the accommodation of which its construction is chiefly designed. 3d. Its peculiar adaptation to lateral connections, bv which an immensely rich, valuable and extensive country would be opened to American enterprise, and the business ol the 1 runic roaa generally aug mented. ' From Lawrence a branch road may diverge to the South, openiDg the rich fields and gold mines of Southern Kansas and the Cherokee country, West ern Texas, and finally reach tide water at Galveston bay and link the heart ot tne republic with the extreme South, and build up at that point a great seaport citr. soon to become the pride ol tne e-ulf. . At Topeka a lateral road will diverge and develop the resovrces of South-western Kansas, and afford railroad facilities to the rich mines of New Mexico, and great ly increase the immense commerce of that most interesting portion 01 our vast m rior, the trade of which is, even now, suf ficient to justify the construction of a road for its sole accommodation. On the North side of the river the Strane-er. the Biar Blue, the Grasshoppei and the Republican fork presents a field for lateral roads by which Northern Kan sas and Southern Nebraska may be eon nMtMl with the Grand Trunk by avenues not only of the first local importance, but that will at tne same tune concoct w roads of Northern Missouri and low; with aba mat Central Trunk, of the Facinc road, and form altogether one of the cheapest railroad systems in the Union; that will reach and accommodate more valuable lo cal and general interest, in the opinion of your Committee, than any other system of railroad of equal extent on the broad face of onr republic. - 4th. Whilst the V.lilet of the Kansas is thus shown to be sufficiently North to af ford cheap and direct connection with all the more Northern roads of the Union, it is still far enough South to avoid the ob structions and delays copscquent npon the long winters and deep snows ct more Northern localities, as is most clearly shown by a map of Isothermal lines furn ished by Smithsonian Institute and pub lished in the agricultural department of the Patent Office Report of 1836, plate 4. bth. Its directness as the great central stem of the Pacific road, and the practica bility of throwing it into any one of the several more practical passes in the moun tains rlorth and Bouth of the parallel of da" .North latittldo; are prominent facts among many of the important advantages of this route that point it out to practical railroad men and give it peculiar claims to nigh consideration. 6th. Its cheapness of construction, working and repair, are items of the first importance both to the stockholders and the public who employ it. Located as it will be on the high, wide and reliable bot toms of the Kansas river; abounding in timber for cross-ties, fuel, sc., and flanked by bluffs forming a perpetual qulrry of the best quality of stone for bridges and ballast, with abundance of water at all points, we feel that we hazard nothing in saying that its cost per mile for construc tion and repair, and fdr operating the road, will fall very far short of the cost of any other road of any considerable length on the broad face of our republic. VV o have thus presented for your con sideration a few of the more important points in which the superiority of this route presents itself, both as the great cen tral stem of the f acme road as well as I means for the development of the exhaust less resources of the great interior, and you will now .permit us to examine the subject more particularly as a local or Kan sas improvement To make this road and its boundaries most useful and advantageous to the peo ple ot tne Territory and luture State of Kansas, much depends upon the point of divergency from the navigable waters of the Missouri nver and the location of its principal lateral branches. I he system of roads presented above, appears to us better to accommodate the various local and interior interests of the Territory than any other that we have considered, offering, at the same time, rail road facilities to all the groat natural di visions of our own Territory, and extend ing to and gathering in the trade of im mense and exceedingly rich districts be yond onr borders dependent upon the im provement system of Kansas for access to market The present magnitude of the trade of New Mexico, and the South-west alone. is incredible to those who have not ex amined the facts and convinced them selves of the truth of the published sta tistics. The business across the plains during the past season, has employed no less than 1U.UU0 wagons drawn by 120,000 mules and oxen ; and counting but two men to a team, no less than twenty thousand per sons have been engaged in transporting all kinds of merchandise over the broad acres of our Territory at an expense of many millions to their employees. Let us examine in detail a few items of the cost for conveying the trade of these south-western regions across the plains : 10,000 wagons nt $100 each, 1,000 000 120,000 oxen and mules at an average of $60, 7,200 000 20,000 hands at $200, 6,000 000 Aggregate, $14,200 000 Asido from all contingencies, that every practical man knows by sad experience, will greatly swell the grand total! What is the conclusion to which we must come, in view of these facts? In evitably this : That a country, almost in a state of na ture, the trade of which can support the immense expenses of this most expensive means of transportation, when developed, by railroad facilities such, as proposed above, must yield an aggregate of com merce to be coveted by tho first cities in the world. Add to this aggregate all the trade of our own nch Terntery aud other outside localities that will be thrown upon this great line of improvement and the im portance to the whole Territory, of meet ing, with it, the navigable waters of the Missouri nver within onr own limits, and throwing this trade into a city within our own Territory, becomes most apparent and is shown to involve interests of the first magnitude. The importance of great commercial cities to the people of the whole State in which they are located, is well understood by the political economists as well as the business community at large. - . These great emporiums are not only markets at which the productions of dif ferent sections are bought and sold, or exchanged, but in them are located the monetary institutions, the Hanks, Insur ance o dices and Exchange Brokers of the country, and they soon attain to the great power 'of consolidated wealth, from which the means of developing the resources of the State are mainly derived, as well as a large proportion of the taxes necessary to pay the expenses of government : and State without one of those great centers of trado, will feel in every department of business the great want of its streugthen- M" hand. What would Missouri be without St. Louis, Illinois without Chicago, Maryland without Raltimore, Pennsylvania without Philadelphia, New York without her city, or Massachusetts without Boston ? Mere tributaries to other States. The work shops and cornfields to enrich others, the "hewers of wood and drawers of water," without anv community of interest in the large cities erected by the labor of their hands, without any claims to reciprocal favors, truly a dependent people. Aside, then, from all considerations "of State pride, but solely as a question of dollars and cents, our internal improve ment system, draining, as itwilLthe rich est section of our vast Union, should meet the Missouri river upon Kansas soil, and build up within our limits one of the most ... ... - . i i wealtny Cities oi tne nation, mpoo wuiw coffers we could call not in vain, to devel op all our natural resources, to assist in paying our taxes and to make other sec tions tributary to us, rather than that we should be tributary to others, to assist in building up the material greatness of our young commonwealth, and to plant her foundation deep in the rock of indepen dence. Rut terminate onr Trunk road on the South side cf fhe Kansas river, and con- serrneittly outside of our Territory, and all these high expectations are vain. . cThe citizens of a neighboring State will sapthe golden harvest of our trade, and the trade necessarily dependent for access to market upon oar lineS of improvement The wealth that onr labor and industry will pour into their coffers for all purposes of taxation and internal improvements, establishing and endowing colteges, erect ing bridges, &c, &e., will be lost to us forever, and in the place of that state of noble independence described above, we will lay helpless at the mercy of our neigh bors. The peculiar and great advantages of this point aS a point of divergency from the Missouri river, are commanding, aside from the considerations above alluded to. Concentrate the trade of the great South west at Wyandott and it has at once the choice of the route by the Parkville and Grand river road to Hannibal, on the Mis sissippi, the Pacific road to St Louis, the Keokuk road to Keokuk, and the great Missouri river, as a regulator of prices. With these roads leading to all points north, South and East, no monopoly could possibly esist The agents of the various competing routes would be foiind in every important town iu the interior, and our produce would be shipped at the lowest possible rate. Haking the key, then, to the trade of the great South-west as shown above, and A point within pur own limits on the Mis souri river at which td concentrate it, alike acceptable to our peoplo and the whole Union the .people of Kansas would be blind to their own interests, recreant to the dictates of sound policy, and unjust to their posterity, should they sell this invaluable "birthright" to the people of another State, and content themselves to take a secondary rank in the scale of im portance. To secure the full accomplishment of all that we have recommended above, all that is necessary is to put our shoulder to the wheel. We have a liberal charter for the Grand Trunk road, beginning at Wy andott and terminating at the boundary of Kansas, at any point that we may se lect West of the 6ih Principal Meridian. L,et this road be laid and constructed as far as Lawrence, and the whole enterprise has passed ths crisis, and its accomplish ment becomes only a question cf time. Let us subscribe to the stock of the Kan sas Central railroad, Ictus instruct our city to do tho same, and urge our claims upon Congross, through our delegate, for a grant of lands, and success is ours. Having thus presented for your consid eration tho most important points in con nection with our railroad interests, in as few words as the importance of the sub ject would penn;t, we beg leave to offer the following resolutions : 1st. Besulecd, 1 hat the Constitution of the Kansas Central railroad is an enter prise of tho first importance to the people ol Kansas. 2d. Resolved, That we Instruct our del egate in Congress to use his best efforts to procure a grant of land to assist in the construction of this road. 3d. Eesoleed, That we will subscribe liberally to the stock of said road in our individual capacities. 4th. Jleaotval, That we instruct our city authorities to subscribo on behalf of the city, three hundred thousand dollars to the stock of the Kansas Central railroad Company. 5th. Resolved, That the construction of the Parkville and Grand nver road is an enterprise that demands our earnest con sideration and assistance, and that we will subscribe liberally to the capital stock of said road. From the Gold Mine. We have teen at the store of Messrs. Beck & Johnson a lot of gold dnst, some ninety-two dollars in value, which was brought from the newly discovered gold faclds which lie, according to the map, in the region of the headwaters of the South Platte and Arkansas river, and in the vicinity of Pike's Peak. This is, w believe, the general locality of the gold section of country, though the most au riferous is perhaps that lying between the waters of the South f latte and the trreen horn, and which has been prospected for several hundred miles. Tho specimen of the dust we have seen was brought to New Mexico by Dr. Kavanaugh, who, during his recent absence from the Territory, traveled over much of the country alluded to, and who has handed us the following memorandum of a gentleman who, as will be observed, has himself prospected con siderable over the country. "I have been seventy-five miles up the South Platte, and found gold all the way: from hence went to Medicine Bow Creek, and found gold on nearly every stream, including Medicine Bow. The best dig gings found are on the north side of the divide between, the Arkansas and the South Platte, iu the ravines. The best result found was four dollars to the pan. Gold was also found on the Arkansas and Greenhorn. The entire region abounds in the best grazing, and has a cool and very . healthy ' climate. Santo Fe, Kew Mexico, Gazette, Oct. 30. A "Cat-Off" to she Suta Fe TnrreL The Emporia Xetcs has long been argu ing in favor of an improvement of roads between that place and this, and very properly has asked the assistauce of Kan sas City merchants, as they would be ben efitted by a vast increase of trade from that quarter. The Santa Fe road runs too far north of the Neosho Valley to make it a desirable route of travel from there here, and to do which makes a consider able bend, thereby increasing the distance between this and the Gold region. The News now states that measures are on foot in that vicinity to run a road from Empo ria west, along the Cottonwood river al most its whole length, and thence on to an intersection with the old road at the Great Bend of the Arkansas. ' Bridges will be constructed on the route across the Little Arkansas, Turkey and Cow creeks. In view of securing trade from the gold-hunters, a large, first-class flour ing mill will be in operation at Emporia, by the first of July next Kansas Cits Mdropdilax, . ,: ''- ... - - . -. i OiT Foolish fear doubles danger. , Depabtmestof Statb, i Washisgtox, Nov. 2ath, 1858.J Hugh S. Walsh, Esq., Acting Governor of Kansas Territory, Lecompton. Sin : I herewith transmit to you for your information, a copy of the opinion of the Attorney -General, addressed to the President on the 20th instant in relation to the locality cf the seat of government for Kansas Territory. I am, Sir, your obedient servant LEWIS CASS. ArronxEt General's Office,) November 20th, 1858. Snt : Agreeabiv io yotlr request I have considered the subject referred to, in the communication addressed to me by the Governor of Kansas, and the accompany ing papers ; and I now report to you the facts 1 gather from them, and the instruc tions which, in my opinion, ought to be based upon them. By the Organic Act, it was provided that the seat cf government for Kansas Territory, should be temporarily located at Leavenworth. The Executive and the' Legislative Assembly of the Territory were authonzed to use tho public build. ings there, which could be spared by the military authorities. That act contains nothing more on the subject, except promise on the part of Congress to appro priate, afterwards, a sum equal to what had-been given to other Territories for the erection of public buildings at the seat of the Territorial government Un tho oth of August loot, an appropriation was made of twenty-five thousand dollars for public buildings in Kansas, to be paid in the event that the Secretary of War should decide it to be inconstant with the in terests of the military service, to permit the use of the public buildings at fort Leavenworth. So the subject stood until the 3J of March, ISao, when another ap propriation of twentv-five thousand dollars for public buildings in the Terrjtory of Kansas was made, coupled with this pro viso : "That said monev, or any part "thereof, or any portion of the money "heretofore appropriated for this purpose, 'shall not be expended until the Legisia- "ture of said Territory shall have fixed, "by law, the permanent seat of Govern- "ment." In 1855,after the passageof thelastmen tioned act of Congress, the Territorial Legislature, by law, fixed the permanent seat of government at the town ot Liecomp ton, and thereupon, fifty thousand dollars, tho aggregate amount of the two appro priations made by Congress, was paid to the proper authorities of the Territory, and was expended at Lecompton iu the erec tion of public buildings. On the 9th of February last, the Territorial Legislature undertook to pass another law, removing the seat of government from Lecompton to Miuneola. Their bill, being vetoed by the Governor, was passed by a majority of two-thirds. 1 he question of law is. whether the. Legislature had the power which they attempted to exercise, of re moving the seat of Government The Organic Act of Congress is to Territory, what the Constitution of a State is to it - 1 be acts of the Territorial leg islature are valid and binding, when passed according to the proper forms, if they are within the powers conferred by the act but anything there forbidden is void an unauthorized. If Congress passes a sub sequent law upon the same subject limit ing or extending the power of the local Territorial government, it operates like an amendment to the Constitution. In the case of Kansas, Congress did not decide where the permanent seat of government should be, but located it temporarily at Leavenworth. The Territorial Legisla ture, then, had power to remove it as they saw proper, either for a short time, or for all time. But Congress, when the appro priation of looo was made, required, as condition precedent to the payment of the money, that the seat of government should be permanently located, and left the Ter ritory, through its Legislature, to do that for itself. Making a permanent location, certainly did not mean a designation of the place merely for the purpose of get ting the money, and then making another change. The plain words of the law, as well as a decent respect for their own good faith, required, that before they would ask for the money, they should indicate, by an irrepealable law, the spot at which the seat of government should be and remain, at leat during the whole existence of the Territorial government The Legislature so understood it themselves, and when they decided upon Lecompton, they ex pressly declared that to be the permanent seat of government In my opinion, the i Territorial Legislature had no right after wards to repeal that law, and take the seat of government away from Lecompton. Such a removal, if earned out, would de feat the manifest intention of Congress, violate the spirit of the act and be a fraud upon the United States. Very respectfully, &a, - J. S. BLACK. Ib Bit Excellency, Bon. James Buchanan J'resuientotlte United States. t5 "Ah, Pat," said a school-mistress to a thick-beaded urchin, into whose mud dy brain she was attempting to beat the alphabet 1 am atratd yon will never learn anything. Now what's that letter, ehY" "Sore and I don't know, ma'am," re plied Fat "Thought you might have remembered tnat" "Why, ma'am ?" " Because it has a dot over the top it" " Och, ma'am. I mind it well, but sure I thought it was a fly speck." " Well, now remember, it's L" "You, ma'am?" . . ' "No. not U. but L" " Not L but you, ma'am how's that?" "Not U, but L blockhead." " Och, yis, faith, now I have it ma'am. i on mean to say it is not I but you are block bead." '"Fool, fool," exclaimed the peda gogues!, almost burs tin f With rage. " Jest as you please," quietly returned rat fool or blockhead it's no matter long as yer free to own it" ..-:, 1 a a f. . - The members of this Order residing within this neighborhood, are respectfully requested to attend a meeting on the af ternoon of December 25 th, at the bouse of Mr. Whitney, Junction City, for the purpose or taking tne initial step tor pro curing a charter. It is expected that every member of the Order who can possibly attend, will be there. Junction BcnttntL Tp the Woxkinffxneii. BTDCGINNS. , ' , List re firm, hard-handed toilers lowbo inner 1 e who strive Time has been when ronr depilers (i&re ve ladh. and e urb. and an ve 1 Time has been when each low murmur Brought theseourre upon jnur nusn When each struggle fixed ye firmer In roar trrant canning mcsn. Te wore then the bond ani Tasjnl, And your master's will obosl Thonzh re built bis lordly castle. And his arms and armor made Eron the chains with whieh he galled you. I our own angers did crest, And the venrTmwer which ihralledron. t rota voarseiree was aeteg&ie. Thus re sufTered, still onkrjowint .Still in doubt aud darkness toiled- Still your sweat and blood wore flowing" Stillyonr tyrauis wronged and spoiled. Forye thought that ye were minions. And (bat Loulw were nobler tilings; And your faith was Old Opinions And the HoU Kight of kings. , But one bold and firm endeavor broke your chains like threads of flax. And a shield was raised forever .'Oainst the Wronger' foil attacks; Xow ye feel that ye no lonor Are the slaves that ume ye were Feel thatyeare purer trougor Feel that ye can wait and bear I The Markets of Kansas. 1st A home market. No person of the Union possesses better soil than Kansas, and few so good. This is universally con fessed. First tne civil war that enwrap ped our Territory, then the mad specula tive endeavor to get possession of our town lots and unimproved lauds, and retain them in idle hands, prevented th9 devel opment of any of our resources, except such as were necessary to feed the vic tims while the fever was raging. The immense mineral deposits that lie below the, entire mass of our rich sou were known, and upon their wealth most of the speculation was based. Coal crops out in nnumerable places from one to Ave feet thick, and from one hundred to two hundred feet beneath that layer. Prof. Swallow. Missouri State Geologist states there are coal beds from four feet in depth, upward six feet being perhaps an everage depth. Iron ore is found in abundance in the neighborhood of coal and copper ore, yielding at least ninety per cent, and tin has been discovered. With a country of unsurpassed agricultural and mineral wealth, it will be many years before we can change our farm productions into fabrics of iron, within our own borders, and send them as well as copper, tin and perhaps lead, to seek as a market every portion of the globe. Steam is already the principal mechanical motive power, and with the food of the artisan raised within our own borders, requiring no transportation, we can compete with our wares with any part of the Union. We can create a home market as great as that of .Pennsylvania. 2nd. A Western market The only reason that it will not long be necessary to continue so many forts west of us is that the strong outposts of whito settle. mcnt now advancing towards the racihe with giant strides, are a greater defence against the Indians than any government fortifications, and the overland routes are daily becoming mora secure on that ac count Where one soldier leaves, ten hardy settlers with families take his place, and if they do raise their own pork, corn and wheat, every thing else they require is purchased in our cities, and they form but the nucleus for immense and general settlement A vast tract of country must always be tributary, in a measure, to our Territory, as even when railroads shall have cut up the vast tract of country west, all their goods must be transhipped at our nver towns. The immense business that Kansas already does with tho West is almost beyond belief, and it is yet in its infancy, 3rd. A European market To say noth ing of a Southern nd European market for our manufactured goods, when enter prise and industry shall have devoloped our mineral resources, we shall, before many years, be shipping the productions of our sou to Europe with as little expense Ohio can send her productions to the same market, and Ohio has reached her present proud position entirely from her agricultu ral resources. We believe that railroads will entirely supercede canals; that when the system is perfected, as a few years will see it transportation can be euected as cheaply, and certainly more expeditiously by ran tnan by the canal, f rom our southern boundary to an excellent port in Texas say Galveston is but 500 miles; from the center of the well settled portion of our Territory, it is not over 7UU mues. From the center of Ohio to J e w York citv, the nearest seaport, is, in round numbers. 700 miles. Why, then, cannot we have the same facilities as that giant State? It may be answered: "your road or canal would run through a sparcely settled coun try, consisting partly of Indian country,' all of which is quits true, but the Indian country is occupied by races of civilized red men, who have displayed a character for sell-government and liberality that few white communities can excel, and the sparcely settled country is through a State, whose government is wealthier, in ready cash and lands, than any other in' the Union, and which has displayed more lib erality- m furthering protects of internal improvement than the Ueneral Govern ment ever did, and not surpassed even by tne state of -New xork. A railroad in Texas, munificently endowed,' aiming to connect with us, has not merely been pro jected, bat we understand 150 miles of it have been already constructed, and much more is under contract For our end a charter has been obtained, aud we believe an organization effected under it We can confidently expest government aid in the shape of lands, and we beliefs it to be a road eastern capital will gladly under take to build. Consent nas not yet been obtained tram the Cherokee, Choctaw and other nations through whose lands it must pass, yet assurances have been received that not merely right of way, but assist ance can tie obtained. We say nothing in all this in regard to those newly discovered mines of wealth and power, on the tributaries of the Platte. for young Kansas.. No sensible man can say otherwise than if anew California has been developed in Kansas, nothing else would be necessary to assure to it a future ss proud and magnificent as any commu nity in the world ess boast JWnsx Leader. Senior Ooaflaa at Memphis, The following extract from Senator Douglas' speech at Memphis, will be read with interest It is his explanation to a Southern sf.dience of his Freeport speech, which has excited a rood deal of discus sion and, difference of opiuion all over the country. One word more. Several gentlemen have called on me, and asked me what I meant or thought by this doctrine of pop ular sovereignty, as- enunciated in my Freeport speech in Illinois. I mean that I stand by the Constitution as our fathers made it i by the constituted authorities u iuut ..V , vj toe ucc.a.uua u. o- l . . u .v. j..:.: i .u- a., irerae Vyoun. as mey are irronouncea. -1 Applause.! -By the decision inthe Dred cott case, it will be found bv reading P.liiof .Tnti- T.n'iitwiimn thnt. fclarp ictnmsr wun omer property, ana inascun-1 aermentlf the ownerm of that anecioa of property have the same right to take it into a Territory as the owner of any other property. Cries of good, and immense applause.! the Illinois Democracy ac cept that decision as the authoritative ex position of the Constitution, and on that point I concur. TCrics of "Good," "Good." Now, the question arises, what is the condition of that property after it gets, into the Territory ? You, in the slaveholding, and we, in the Free States, whatever our occupation may be, have an interest in knowing what our legal rights are when we get there. I believe I said in Freeport that when you get into the Territory, with your property on an equal footing with all other property, it is all subject to the local law for its protection without reference to the different character ef it If you go there with your horses and mules, whether it shall be taxed or exempt is a question for the Territorial Legislature. If you go there with your dry goods, whether you shall sell without license or be compelled to get license, is a question for the local Legislature. If you go there with your liquor, the manner of your selling it is a question to be determined by the local laws. You may say you do not think it iMt for lliem to discourage one species of business for the benefit of another, but how are you going to help it T I do not wish to mislead you by these views. II vim, nra wia m n ' . h m ,jln,4 Ittlt t . f UIV ISO JVM nVII . &l IIIIDIVU. VH. I Ii.- t i ; misled, but imuK lor yourselves, ii your siutc iiruu-1 erty is not subject to the local law for its r,rii;An -i,ot nrntaoimn Ucn run mi j.'S j vv. v Kivii) uub jje viwwvu uaavw j f- - for it .' buppose the local Legislature do not make any slave law at ail ; suppose thev do not pass anv law furnishing a remedy for tho violation of your rights, can you hold your slaves a day ? Non action is exclusion. The omission to fur nish law protecting property, araonnts to practical exclusion. Is there any lawyer, any well informed man who will contro vert that proposition t Ave suppose the local Legislature refuses to make a law to protect your property, how sre you going to compel them to do it f Perhaps they will make it and perhaps they will not 1 will tell you when they will and when thev will not. Whenever a Territory has a climate, soil and production making it the interest of the inhabitants to encourage slave property, they will pass a slave code and give it encouragement Whenever the climate, sou and produc tion precludes the possibility of slavery being profitable, they will not permit it You come right back to the principle of dollars and cents. I do not care where the emigration in the Southern country comes from; if old Joshua R. Giddings should raise a colony in Ohio, and settle down in Louisiana, he would be the strongest advocate of slavery in the South; he would nnd, when he got there, his opin ions would be very much modified;, he would find on those sugar plantations that ...J..- .i. t.- it was not a question oeiweeu tue wane man and the negro, but between the negro and the crocodile. He would say that between the negro and the crocodile, he took the side of the negro. But between the negro and the white man, he would go for the white man. The Almighty has drawn the line side of on this Continent, on the one wniCu Wo sou idusi oe cuiuvaiea dt lav labor, on the other by white labor. That line did not run on thirty-six degrees and i i . t i i thirty minutes, for thirty-six . . . . " degrees and thirty minutes runs over mountains and through valleys. But this line meanders in the sugar fields and plantations of the South (the remainder of this sentence was lost by the confusion around the Re porter.) And the people living in their iiviiiz in tueir different localities and in the Territories, must determine for themselves whether their "middle bed" is best adapted to ela- very or free labor . . -Hence, under the Constitution there is no power to prevent a Southern man go- ing there witk his slaves, any more than a Nortbernman. . His property, when ft gets the, tajub- ject to local law for protection. There will be found in that local Legislature power of deciding if they do not want it and of encouraging it if they do want H. It is folly for you to entertain visionary dreams that yon can fix slavery where the people do not want it; and it is equal fol ly for the Northern fanatic to thiuk that he can abolish by law where the people do want it The people of each. locality nwn ihmthm. i nnv wfm L cars wneLURr . . mi. . . V ..1 they are - penetrating New England or South Carolina, they will look to their own homes and firesides, and the interests of their children and grandchildren, as their own good and tbe good of posterity may require, regardless of the controver sies North or South. It is no use to dis guise the fact if the people of a Territory want slavery, they will have it: if they don't want it, yon can't force it on them. lam content with tne result fVr-Th. werw riMi and cnmmndinnsrl church building win be ready for occupa- tion by tbe 27th inst The, for Kansas, thickly settled country around Junction, and the intelligent character of the citi- curia nfhoth tnwn and ennntv demands thst nmii uttinn tiw ih ralierinne-Ixviirn of the States, having this matter in charge, YiAtill Ko fair Alt tst atinnl v t nMtTlt Ah. iciency existing in respect to a permanent preacher, if or such to be ell active, ne should be intelligent as well as pious. Great .piety and great ignorance will never ment wasmiavoroi a. iio ouuswuo MiiTim&nd th attmtinn of such an audi-1 tion of the language, giving the Legisla sum uan bs aaaembled iff this church, The people desire an instructor; one who nintnm fma from doe. trinal prejudices. We hope this hastily written nntint will Hrrt the aitentioif of those who usually take charge of onr fpintnal weUare. Junction aautnex, . . . . . . . a Horrible Tracedr One White Has and roar Ia- ciana suuea. Wo are nained to announce the murder of a man by the name oi azra nan, wu was found dead on Monday morning last,.. in hi hnnaa shout two miles from this nWfl. It amioars Hart had two men liv- 4ni? with him. bv the names of Sexton and Yromen. I nev were living m mo uo either of them being men of fam ilies. Seitoh. on Sunday evening, bor rowed a tiigtnl from a gentleman living a short distance from Hart's, for the purpose fns he said to shoot some Indians. Un Mnnriuv mnrnino' the MMieman irom whom tsexton naa oorroweti mo iiw, . ' , ,W Hart had been , , . . murdered, and that fwptcion w nnjused "xm aim mat, - 6w...b 'be COTintry. - - , x ,i Rlon of the facts which they gathered . from the witnesses before them, rendered their verdict that Er.ra Hart came to U19 death bv the hands of Vtomen and Sex-,. ton. These men have left the country and are now fugitives from justice.- , On Wednesday an Otoe Indian, oy ino name ot J'aimiecortja, urougni. mo nu that four Pottawatomie Indians were found dead in their lodse. not more than Iwn miles )vlnw Hart's, on the river. AS soon as this new was received, several of nnr ritizpns immediately started for the place designated by the Indian. Upon arriving at the spot" they fouc1 the news of the Indian to be correct for there lay the bodies. of four Indians, bearing every,. evidence of havins been hombly mur dered. It is generally supposed that the two men who murdered Hart are the per petrators in-this instance doing so in order to obtain possession of tho ponies of the Indiana, tn m.ike sure their escape. The cause of all those nommo muraeri vit remains a mvsterv. There has neon no effort made yet to arrest those horrible desperadoes and murderers in order to bring them to justice. No time should be lost in arresting tnese men, nuu tw-iw out M thefii the rigor of the' law, which thev so nchlv deserve. P. S. Since writins the above, we have learned that Vromcn was hoard to say that he intended to " murder and rob tn win ter for a living." -Palmetto Konsan. 0 . , Bouthernl - , T ,,v A gentleman from Leavenworth, who Uu recently taken ft trip into Southern l - s Kansas, writes to the Berald, lrom lireen- , Mov, : The country over 'which I passed .is beautiful beyound description, and is ca pable of sustaining a dense population. It is true, timber iu many piaowi w aauw, hut in a fw veai. if the fires are kept out of the prairie's, there will be an abundance of timber. Crops are nne in tuts region. The soil is rich, and only needs to be tickled with tho plow to bring forth an abundant harvest ' West of this Eureka on Fall rtver, El dorado on tho Walnut end wnitowater Citv on the Whitewater river. Ibis is the' last settlement west of the Arkansas river. Four of these towns are situated on the fifth standard parallel, and bid fair to become flourishing places. Indeed, all the towns I have named, are in a pros perous condition, ir the counties are di vided, the lines should run six or eight miles east of the present lines, so as to place the county seats on the river, and in . . , rrui- the centers 01 tne coudhoo. xuw t,uh meet the approbation and the wishes of the great mass of the people. I hope the committee on counties in onr next Legis lature will bear this in mind, and carry out the wishes and interests of the people in these disfranchised counties. ' The southern portion of xUmsas is rap- lu fiillntr n n with an industrious and en- i j - -r - . ergetic class oi peopio. iuo; o w,nrtinir these hitherto wild and onpro- lands into good farms, and would make still greater improvement nut lor u 'K. Yrvk Indians holding a Urge e-' Kn,w nf.the, most valuable portion of Kansas. They are an lnconaid- erable band, numbering only thirty souls. i 'i hsv rnn rftmniDU ui iu i "y , yA mut 5 ;nd J ft tatfS two m'"""L of cre- wk,c? . J?j i r x.---- st i nnr inn on inn neo Po -i. l-S.. n.t sWain nn. .hn Avar These lands must remain un productive and unimproved, to lonf as the Indiana own them. ' From the Klaea. John Flanderran and" James Ensign . .7 .. .. ...j j: w tnis J7r'7',7 Cherry ereek diggings, and, frouv their PJ. e eDB? lniwe think readers not only the latest but we thinit en entirely authentic, account of affairs at the mines. t lifM These gentlemen left Capion AkbJU sou county, on me 'rrij K " n- have been about I wenty-flve days on their return route. They bring with them about $900 worth of the thin, shining scales, and carry it in Jag, which, on. their outward trip, did more prosaic service) ss a receptacle of Bourbon. The largest pieees we saw were not larger than, and not nnlike in shape, a flattened No. 4 shot They say that any able bodied man can AST. ADDQI LWS uiuuisuu innvw w m, J - . i . . tne mines. sv They returned for a more complete out fit; and .will leave Elwood on the 1st of April, with abundant supplies and proper machines for extensive gold washing. Thoy met none of the parties who bar heretofore left this place. 23ioo Prut Pea. IX " " " . rretww Co f " The recent decision of Judge Williams I of the 3d Jadicial District, that the rro- hate Court can have no civil torisdictioa. but that their authority extends OUT 10 those cases which come within the strict interpretation oi tna verm vnnwe, citing just indignation, on every hand, throughout the Territory. The vtV Act established Probatt Oottrtt, but did I not define the ir duties. Tbs American aflj-hority in favor of civil jurisdiction of flhnrta of Probata is as strong as that lira- iting their duties to the settlement pf estates, ana moreover nr a wi F sumption that the intention oi tne lnstrn- tare nower to adjust tne toun as tne necessities of the country demanded. Onr Probate Courts have none too much power for tbe interests of the people, and Wl sincerely hODO that If thfl CSS; if 0- I pealed to tne luu oencn, ue ttecuiQU wiu I t t T . 7 r J pe reversou j-mcrnw