The Kansas herald of freedom. [volume], July 09, 1859, Image 1

About The Kansas herald of freedom. [volume] (Wakarusa, Kan. Territory) 1854-1860

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OP
Y" -
Trrmt: ro Dollars Per Annum In Advance.
"T2UTH CSUSBED TO EAETH 6HALL USE 'AGAIN."
A Family IVewspaper Independent on All Subjects.
BY G. W. BROWN & CO.
LAWRENCE, KANSAS, JULY 9, 1859.
NUMBER 49-VOLUME 4.
If
Mi
A Soot of Earth.
BT LITY L4KCOV.
Oh, nil the earth a norrd placo.
Jorft'OwhnrB wr turn we trace
A !vir.g fallt-r'e hand,
A h:iiil in benediction laid
fieri the huinblcat thin? he made
When this bright world waa planned.
Oh. call th earth a hallowed place.
Ili r kill stdos How with rilla of grace.
'1 h f'.otMeps of our Lor 1
Art- lint-rine jet beside her atream".
A:i l still through earth hia own light beams
'loguitie to Love's reward.
Oh. call the earth a blessed plaee,
rVr here they run their heavenward race.
Ourlnrl one- eono bolnre:
A nd -still their Faintly memonea ty
'!' n!k with us lira thorny way
C. litothe thornlcs shore.
'Oh, call the earth a happy place,
For only sin itslight can chase.
And turn ita bliss to pun;
T'laue self and siu, but not the earth,
ro-eoiintlp. we.- ttiril here have birth.
And here like tyrants reign.
Oh, call the earth aglorion' place',
In soula that live in hieinhreo.
Who Itjrfat anil lite hath given;
Tall it a who;il for aneel youth
A conquering battle ground for troth
A biciiwaj into heaven.
From the Columbia Oil.,) Gatrtte.
The Tilisaisaippl Valley The Next freaidencr.
The year 18G0 is rapidly approaching,
when tlio people of these United States
will again be called upon to voto for a
President and Yico President. It is time
that tho true friendd of our common coun
try wero seriously rt-flocting upon the
anl ject. There are certain grave consid
erations that rise fur above tho atmosphere
of mere party, w hich ought to attract gen
eral attention. Standit-g aloof from the
recognized political organizations of the
day, and claiming to occupy a better po
sition for calm observation than can be
occupied by any mere partisan, we have
bestowed upon this Biibject our most de
liberate reflection for some lime past, and
now desire, in two or three articles, to
submit to our readers and the public, the
results of this reflection, and the reasons
nsn which they are based.
We premise by asserting what every
intelligent observer will at once admit,
that the central and controlling political
power of this Union will soon bo in the
great Mississippi Valley. Indeed.it may,
without boasting, be said to abide here at
the present t:me. The census of 1860
will startle the world with tho rapid
strides of the States of the Valley in pop
ulation. The relative increase of our del
egation in Congress over those from the
original thirteen States, under the coming
apportionment, will be such a demonstra
tion of our political progress and power
as to sottle forever all doubts on the sub
ject. And all the signs of the times go
to prove that the decade from 18C0 to
.1870 will show that the progress of the
States between tho Alleghames and the
Korky .Mountains m population, will ex
ced that of any previous ten years iu the
uistory oi our countrr. But this tiro-
gress is in no tense conGned to mere pop
ulation, we nave all trie csseutial eie
ttcnts ef ma'enal wealth so profusely
scattered over Ibis Valley, aud for their
proper development wo have so hardy,
energetic, and enterprising a people, that
our progress in wealth, material greatness
uini power, will even outstrip our mar-
vellous increase in population. We have
schools, colleges and public libraries ; we
have railronds by the tens of thousands
ni mites; we have canals, turnpikes and
telegraphs. We have vast inland seas,
tho commerce upon which already ex
ceeds in value all the foreign trade "of all
the States of the Union. We have the
most stupendous system of internal navi
gation by means of the vast rivers that
convey to the Gulf tho accumulated
waters of half a continent. We are, by
our geographical position, the uibitersaud
peace-makers between the sectional in
terests of the North and the South. We
are not subservient to the manufactures
of the one or the cotton and sugar of the
other. We have strong ties anil interests
that do now and will ever connect us
with each. We cannot aiford, an I we
shall not permit them to quarrel to such
an extent us to endanger the peace and
Permanence of the Union. Tho Valley
of the Mississippi, from its position, must
ever remain the patriotic and conservative
portion of our country. We have a vital
and material interest in the porpetuily of
uo union or, tnese Mates. we nave
brothers and dear friends both at the
Xorth and tho South. We buy from
them, sell to them, travel'with. and mix
with them in oil the relations of business,
aud of social life. A section of our com
mon country thus situated has a right to
je beard, and to have her voice respected
in the choice of our rjtlers.
The States upon our Pacific coast are
becoming restive under the repeated fail
ures of Congress to prepare for the con
struction of a railroad from the Mississip
pi to the Valley of the Sacramento. The
Sin Francisco papers already begin to
talk of a new and independent Republic
'f States west of the Rocky Mountains,
"e, of the Mississippi Valley, from our
Position, have a stronger hold upon the
Pacific States than those upon the extreme
Atlantic. We form tho great center, and
tnust ever retain our ascendancy over both
the fcast and the West in the elements of
material wealth and political power. Our
interests must ever be blended with each
action so as to enable us, without preju
dice, to mete out equal and exact justice)
to all. The Pacific Sutea will, from the
kature f tho ease, look to us sooner than
by other section for assistance in all the
jneasures which will tend to promote
th"r growth and prosperity.
The vast and fertile Valley of the Mis
sissippi, that broad and magnificent do
ttam, which stretches from the Allegba
Dies to the Rocky Mountains, and which
embraces within its borders the finest,
"chest, and most productive lands of the
world, should begin to assert it preroga
tive, and demand ita true, nositiou in eiv-
"ij tone aud shape to the destinies of thia
Republic. We have the numbers, the
wealth, the position, the intelligence;
have
we not the ability and statesman
ship to command the attention, and se
cure the co-operation of other portions of
union t JLet us dwell a moment on
this question. '
What are the element of characteYto
which the people ought to look in the se
lection of candidates for President and
4 'ce President ? Is there, can thera be
"J difference of onirtion imon? sensible.
UHelligfjnt, aud patriotia citizena, oa this
point ? Do we not all agree that onr can
didates should be men of eminent execu
tive ability, enlarged and liberal views,
accomplished education, experience in
public affairs, of comprehensive states
manship, and last, but not least, of pure
and spotless personal character? We
wonld not forget the genius and spirit of
onr free institution. We must select
men who have a aympathy and regard
for them. We must remember that pop
ular virtue and intelligence are the foun
dations of nil free government. We must
respect and encourage free labor as the
basis of our prosperity. We must hold
in remembrance the maxims aud princi
ples of the great and good men, who, in
days .past, have impressed their philoso
phy of human rights and duties upon our
institutions.
Our candidates must be known to be
sound upon these subjects, or they can
never command the confidence and the
votes of the free, conservative and reflect
ing people of the nation. ,
Have we not such master minds in this
Mississippi Valley? If we have, are we
not neglecting our duty, in not present
ing their names, and urging their nomi
nation? We deprecate mere sectional
organizations, and we do not desire to
build up a merely local interest. But we
cannot forget, and we ought not to forzet.
that this great section of the Union has
pre-eminent claims upon our common
country. We do uot express a mere Bec-
tiotml feeling when we declare that to
this great Central Valley, of right, belongs
the candidates of the next Presidency.
We have cheerfully voted for men from
the North and the South, the East aud
.1 Tf .IT ....
me est, we expect to do tins aamn.
but we express the opinion of hundreds
of thousands of not mere partisans, but of
liberal and reflecting freemen of all sec-
tiotis, when we urge the peculiar claims
or the Neuter, to the candidacy of 18(10.
We ask tho freemen of Ohio, and indeed
of every State, to reflect upon these
thing?, and to ask of themselves the ques
tion, are we not right in these general
We do not believe that we shall find
opponents to our generalities. But the
practical difiiculty will be to unite upon
men. We nave reflected long and anxious
ly upon the subject. We have scanned
the claims of our distinguished public
tneD, not as a partisan, for we have no
such bond upon our limbs, but as a citi
zen, having at heart the best interests of
our common couutry. We know the dif
ficulty, yea, the impossibility of satisfying
all, but we know the desire of our heart,
to decide for the best interests of all. Im
pelted by this feeling, we announce our
ticket, the ticket of the people for I860 :
For President, SALMON P. CHASE, of
Ohio; for ice President, EDWARD
BATES, of Missouri.
THE CLAIMS OF KESATOR DOUOI.AS.
In a former article we discussed the
relative importance of the great Ceutral
Valley of the Mississippi to our common
country; its claim non other sections,
and its right to be heard in the solection
of our rulers. We also expressed our
r.hoieo of candidates for President and
Vice President. In the present article,
we propose to discuss the reasons why, m
our judgment, certaiu other candidates,
whose names have been presented, should
not be nominated. We are aware that
this is a delicate and difficult task. The
people of onr country have permitted
themselves to be bound too stronglv by
party ties and associations, and they find
it so difficult to lav tbem aside and con
sider dispassionately the reasons that ex
ist agaitist their persoual preferences, that
the task may seem to many to be almost
hopeless. But, as an independent public
journalist, we have a duty to perform,
and we have yet so much confidence in
the good sensuand integrity of the masses
as to believe that they will read what we
have to sav, and will in spito of precon
ceived opinions, give onr reasons a careful
aud candid consideration. They know
we do not approach them as a partizan.
The prominent candidates fur tho Pres
idencv at the present time, are Gov
Chase, Gov. Stiward,. and Ssnator Dou
las. Others have been uamnd : Gov
Banks, Senator Huuter. of Va., Howell
Cobb, of G.v, Senator Onttonden, of Ky.
etc. Liet us nrst consttler tne claims o
Mr. Douglas. ' As a citizen of the great
Central Valley, his location is not an ob
jeetion. ' But ho does not in his principles
siiflicientlr embody . the great lcadm,
idea of the times. - He is not up to onr
standard as the advocate of free labor. He
does not sufficiently sympathize with the
Jeftersonian idea of practical republican
ism, as best exemplified by securing to
free labor the possession aud benefits of
the Territories of the t mon. W hue be
opposes the new and monstrous proposi
tion that slavery, by virtue ot tne uou-
stitution, is fastened upon all the Territo
ries; thatnelUaer Congress nor tne peopl
have the power to prohibit or abolish it,
and that it is the duty of Uongress, hy
express legislation, to nphold and protect
slavery therein, yet he does admit that
the Constitution carries slavery with it to
our Territories, but the wwU have th
right practically to prevent its establish
ment by refusing to pass laws for its pro
tection. ; We understand that he fully
admits the correctness of the Dred Scott
decision, and proposes to evade its logical
effect by claimiDg-lor tne ietritonal .Leg
islutures the right to discourage slavery
by declining to pass laws to carry out the
slavery code. Popular Sjvereignty with
him is made subservient to the slave
power. : He does not admit the right of
the people of a Territory to prohibit sla
very, nor does he atand by the Jefier
sonian doctrine that Congress possesses
this right. "He yields, it seems to ns, the
entire ground upon which the friends of
free territory and free labor stand, and
have stood from the foundation cf our
government
Now, wa take it for granted that the
great mass of the people of tbe Mississip
pi Valley, and of the entire Union, have
an abiding attachment for free institutions.
Tbev have studied the philosophy of ma
terial prozress enough to see that the best
interests of society in all ita aspects of
morals, intelligence, and prosperity, are
iodissolubly connected with the system
of free territory and tree labor. The mass
es of bar people obtain their support by
their own efforts. ihey are workin
men. , They appreciate the necessity xf
such a state of society as snail honor and
respect honest and manly toil. They
hare too mnch intelligence and' sagacity
not to know that the system or alave la
bor, from ita very nature, inavitably. tends
to bring discredit and disgrace upon the
laborer. They see this exemplified every
ay in the slave States. Tbev feel that I
tbe unoccupied soil of the country of right
belongs to it active, energetic, and free
laboring men. They have no right, and
no desire, to disturb the relations of mas
ter and slave in the State where it exists,
but they insist that every consideration
of right and duty demands the recogni
tion oi tne claims of tree la bor to our vast
and unocenpied Territories.
Has Mr. Douglas placed himself in a
position to seen re the confidence of the
friends of free labor? We think not He
(las declared that the general government
must at least stand neutral in the great
struggle between freedom and slavery for
the possession of our country. He" has
proclaimed that he has no choice between
the two, no sympathy for the one, more
than for the other. The Jeffcrsouian doc
trine of prohibition of slavery he discards.
As a working man and a friend of schools,
and railroads, and telegraphs, and of all
the blessings that flow from free labor, we
cannot approve his position. We very
well comprehend the circumstances that
ave forced him to occupy his present
neutral ground. He has been, and is vet
an ardent Democratic politician. He is
ambitious or tbe Presidency. He has
seen his party gradually but certainly
going over to the slave power. At the
itst Presidential election he saw nearlv
all the South on one side, and the great
mats oi the tree jNorth on the other. He
is painfully impressed with the couviction
that to secure the support of the South
be must not stand by tbe cause of free la
bor, aud free territory. At the same time
he is eipuully impressed with the fact that
if he stands upon the platform of the
Southern Democracy, if he indorses the
Dred Scott decision, with all its logical
consequences, if he admit that slavery is
carried by the Constitution into all the
Territories, and that neither Congress nor
tho people of the Territories have the
power to prohibit it ; if he insists that
Congress must legislate to protect slavery
iii mo territories; in snort, u ne auopts
the vien-3 and principles of the present
administration on this subject, he will fur
ever destroy all hopes of support from the
people of the free States, and without
some of these States he cannot be elected
to the Presidency. He is therefore com
pelled to take what he regards as a mid
dle course. He is forced to declare his
neutrality in this struggle. By it he hopes
to secure both sections and interests. But
he sadly underrates the intelligence of the
eople. 1 be signs of the times vety plain
y indicate that he is making no progress
in the South, while all tho elections at
the north as plainly sbow that the peo
ple have no sympathy with his views aud
policy.
It is in our ludgment ldlo for Mr.
Douglas, or any other man, to hope for
success by dodging the ereat Question
that underlies all these struggles. We
have no love or sympathy for the mere
agitator, w e neither have, nor profess a
special regard for tho negro race. We
shall not be dragged into the'disctission
of the abstract rights of the black's, or of
the sinfulness of slavery. nh that we
have nothing to do. The Constitution
has placed all control of tbe subject with
the States where it exists, and there we
shall leave it. If .they prefer to cling to
it, wnu all its clogs to material progress.
and to moral, social and intellectual ad
vancement, we may regret it, but upon
them be the penalty. We simply regurd
this as a question connected with the
rights anl interests of the great masses,
the frt-e white laboring men of the coun
try. Ttpj destinv of the Republic is in
their hands. They hold tho power to
make and to unmake our rulers and to
shape tho policy which shall control the
11 ;u re ot tbe na'.ion. It is our pleasure
now, as it has ever been, to do what we
can to advance tbe interests of Ibis large
and powerful class. By so doing we con
ceive we are also promoting the very best
interests ot our common country. W e
looK to t lie future, and we foci a convic
tiou that every good cause con nected with
society and human progress will be ad
vanced t.y Placing our territories in the
control of freemen, and making them.
like our own glorious Ohio, the homes of
a people, where labor is honored and re
spected, and where tne hlessiBgs of free
schools, aud all the attendants of our sys
tem of society shall go hand in hand
with their material prosjcrity to the end
of time.
No careful observer h is failed to note
that the great struggle for the supremacy
in this Uuion between these two opposing
elements, is now upon us. The repeal of
the Missouri Compromise; the passage of
the KansasNebraska bill; tne startling
heresies of the Dred Scott decision ; the
Lecompton policy of the Government;
the demand for Congressional legislation
in favor of slavery in tho Territories, and
the practical re-opening of the foreign
slave trade in tbe South, all go to demon
strate that the mends of free labor must
stand by their cause, or be prepared to
see all the power and influence of the na
tional government exertod against them.
We think tbev should atsert their rights,
and assume as they can and should do, a
controlling influence in shaping our do
mestic policy. Ml Douglas has shown
that he is uot the man to lead this move
ment He has no sympathy for it, and
the masses of onr freemen nave lost conn
donee in him. He is therefore set aside
as unsuited for the leadership in the Pres
idential campaign of 1860.
MESSRS. SKWASD, HfXTEn, COBB, FREMONT,
CRirntSDEN, BASKS, JESSEHPES, C. .
The Hoo.-'Wm. H. Seward, of New
York, is beyond question tbe ablest man
in the Senate of the United States. In
the days of the Wbig party he was one
of its pillars. At tbe earliest organiza
tion of the Republican party, La took his
stand in its rauka, and has ever remained
one of its firmest supporters. He baa no
sympathy with the American movement,
and has taken occasion in his speeches in
the Senate to say some severe thing of
them. , This has created a strong feeling
against him on the part of many of the
old Whigs of that State who took an ac
live part in the Amen can organization.
It is well known that Mr. Fuxmobi and
bis personal friends entertain anything
but kindly sentiments towards him ; but
his sympathy with the great frea labor
and free territory party which, sinos 1850,
has been gradually forming in the coua
try, is decided and outspoken, , Ha has
never wavered on this issue, and can be
safely trusted to any extent We say this
in justice to the statesman who, it is idle
to deny, will be tbe most formidable com
petitor of Gov. Cnass for th nomination
for President in I860,' oa the part of Xhe
friends of free labor, and the opponents
of the present administration.
We proceed to state the reasons why,
in our opinion, he should not be selected
for this post; and, in the first place, he is
not the representative of the great Central
Mississippi Valley. We have heretofore
demonstrated the reasons why the next
President should b taken from this sec
tion. We have seen no cause to change
our views. We do not concede that Gov.
Seward, as President, could do anything
to advance the interests of the Central
Valley that would not bo done by Gov.
Chase. We do not concede to tbe New
Yorker superior statesmanship, or admin-j
inioiiivs i-ajiaciiies over tne vriltian.
Granting them to be equal in all respects,
we still insist that tbe selection belongs
to onr Valley, when we can present a
man at least equal in all the qualities es
sential for the Presidency, to any one that
can be presented from any other section
of tho Union. But these are not, by any
means, the only considerations.
the fact has been apparent in years
past, tnat the i.ast generally, aud Jiew
York especially, exercised a controlling
influence on the selection of candidates on
the part of the Opposition. Geu. Scott
was a resident of New York, and Col.
Fuemont was substantially of tho same
locality. Mr. Dattos is a resident of
Now Jersey. We do not refer to this in
a spirit of complaint. But we trust the
East will indulge us in the expression of
tne opinion, that fair dealing, and a reap
rocity ot favors, demand of thera a proper
deference to tbe wishes of the Central
Valley. We are entitled by iioeition, and
by the strength we shall bring to the
cause, to a respectful hearing. New York
has had its turn. ow let her public men
unite with us upon such a ticket as shall
not only demand, but deserve success.
Gov. So ward is a New Yorker. He is
the representative of the great commercial
and moneyed interests of JNew York,
Those interests, vast, itniiortant and neces
sary as they are conceded to be, are con
stantly demanding the attention and the
action of the general government. The
foreign commerce of the country they ask
to have protected by an extersive system
of coast surveys, light-houses, breakwaters,
and appropriation" for harbors. They are
not so solicitous fur the same purposes on
our lakes, and the vast navigable rivers of
tne Central Valley, i bey own the ocean
steamers, and they are constantly asking
for contracts to carry the mails, at enor
mous prices. They have liues of steam
ers to California, aud they are clamorous
for the action of government to protect
them at any expense or sacrifice in their
transits across the Isthmus that separates
the two oceans. They do not desire the
early construction of a railroad through
our own territory to the Pacific, as that
would seriously detract from the value of
the present lines of transit, and would
change the current of travel and of com
merce to some extent, from their own
doors. These things are known to all ob
serving men.
Now we do bot charge that Gov. Sow-
ward is doing anything more than his du
ty as a representative of New York in the
Senate, by favoring these claims, and
u-itig his great influence in urgiug tbcm
upon Congress. We simply wisb to say
that in too many instances these local in
terests are not the interests of tho coun
try at large. It is a matter of general ob
servation and remark that Mr. Seward
always favors these propositiops, and sus
tains them by his influence and his votes.
By this we do not wish to be understood
as chargiog that he is niggardly in his
votes for other projects. By no means.
He urges and votes lor all the projects to
advance tho interests of his own section,
and compensates forthis by voting for the
projects of all others. He cannot do oth
erwise and act as the true representative
of New York. The question the great
mass of the people have to cousider is,
shall this system of expenditures, as it
has been carried on for years, be contin
ued without essential modifications ?
Shall the seaboards hava everything, aud
the lakes aud rivers nothing? Shall im
mense sums be voted to Collins or Van
derbilt lines, that cluster in and about
New York, while the St Clair flats are
permitted to obstruct the commerce of the
lakes, aud ships by the hundred Sounder
through, orstic.k in tha mud at the mouth
of the Mississippi ? Can Gov. Seward,
from his long and close connection with
the commercial and inariue interests with
the eastern seaboard, and bis advocacy of
its demands, so well represeut the wishes
of the great masses of our people as uov.
Chase?
Mr. Seward favors a liberal govern
ment He sees the merchant princes of
his own great commercial emporium ex
pending millions for their purposes, and
he is apt to forget that the resonrces of
the United States treasury are not as ex
haustless as tho coffers of Wall street.
We know there is a feeling among the
masses, that onr government is getting to
be quite too extravagant, and that it is
high time a new era was inaugurated.
We are afraid Mr. Seward is nut the best
man to lead in this reform. A represen
tative of the commercial and moneyed
interest, from his position and habits, can
not be so impressed with the importance
of retrenchment and economy, as will be
the representative of the geat farming
and laboring interests of the Mississippi
Valley.
We-commend these views to the seri
ous attention of our readers and the pub
lic. We think they have force and
ought to be dnly considered before we
select onr standard bearer for 1860. In
the great contest between free and slave
labor, we regard Mr. S a ward as sound
and reliable. This, however, is but one
of the great questions upon which the
people ought to act Upon the others,
and which are of importance, we cannot
regard him as safe and reliable as Mr.
Chase. "
Mr. H runs, of Virginia; is a gentle
man of high' personal character, and ac
complished education. He is thoroughly
identified with ihe Pro-slavery doctrines
of the Virginia school of the da v. - He
holds so the principles of the Dred Soolt
decision. He thinks the constitution car
ries slavery with it into all th Territories
of the Union. He declares it not only
the r'ght, but the duty of Congress to
enact slave code for the Territories.
He is opposed to all plans for a railroad
to the Pacific, and to the improvement of
the western rivers and harbors of the
lakes. Hi location, and bis entire theory
of governmental policy, make him utter
ly obnoxious to the great mass of the free
and laboring men ef th Central Valley.
We do not see how any sensible, intelli
gent man can hope to carry for him a
sinale free State. . -
The same general remarks mav be ap
plied to Mr. Cobb, of Georgia. He has
nothing in common with the best inter
ests of the Central Valley, and the labor
ing men of the nation. In his manage
ment of the finances of the country, as
Sacretary of the Treasury under Mr. Bu
chanan, he has not shown himself to be a
man of practical sagacity. His Pro-
slavery prejudices are decided,
Mr. Fuemost, it is possible, may again
ba brought forward as a candidate, but we
trunk not. He is yet young, and can
fiiajrd to wait. He is now identified with
the gold mines of California,' and the
Pacific slope is not yet fairly entitled to
the Presidency. .' ,
Joux J. Ckittexdex has many warm
friends, aud it is not improbable but that
his claims may be urged with vehe
mence by a portion of tbe Opposition.
But we regard all efforts of the kind fu
tile. We have a very great respect for
the man. His high personal character
and eminent talents, with his long career
of pnblic service, have given him a place
in the regards of every true American
citizeu. But Mr. Crittenden, from his
position, can not, or rather will not, step
forth and place himself upon the plat
form that will command the assent of the
free masses of the country. He is a
Kentuckian. The people of Kentucky
are now engaged in a contest for Gover
nor and members of Congress. Tbe
Louisville Journal and tbe candidate of
the Opposition for Governor, hesitate not
to avow themselves in favor of a slave
code for the Territories by act of Con
gress. They have by this, forever cut
themselves off from all sympathy ami
support from the free laboring men of
the land. Mr. Crittenden will be com
pelled to assume tho same ground, aud
no man, standing upon it cau hope for a
Vote in the free States. He is, therefore,
to all intents and purposes, out of the
question as a candidate for 1860.
Gov. Banks, of Massachusetts, and
Senator Fkssesdeu, of Maine, have also
been named in connection with the Presi
dency. We do not regard it as probable
that either of tbem will be seriously
urged. They are gentlemen of high
character and attainments. As Speaker
of the House of Representatives, uov.
Banks made a favorable impression upon
the nation ! but in the present condition
of political affairs, there is a general Con
viction that New England is uot the best
adapted to concentrate the strength of
the friends of free labor, retrenchment
and reform. Tho great Central Valley
of the Mississippi must lead iu this work.
Every day but adds to the conviction of
this with all intelligent, liberal minds,
Eilitorial Corrupandtm of the A'. Y. Xrliuiu,
Dealt of Doctor Bailer.
Steameb Araoo, off Southampton,!
Thursday, June 9, 1859. I
I have sad news for my first letter.
Dr. BaIleT, tbe Well-known Editor of the
Rational Era at Washington, died on
board the Araao on Sunday last at a little
past 3 o'clock in tbe afternoon. He came
on board an invalid, and was noping tnat
relief from toil and change of scene
would restore the strength and vigor which
the incessant and strenuous labors of bis
profession had greatly impaired. I had
known for some time before leaving
New York that he was ill, but was sur
prised to find as I saw him sitting upon
deck just after passing Quarantine how
thin and pale and feeble be looked,
gathered from his conversation that h
did not consider himself to be seriously
ill, at least that his lungs were not affect
ed, but that a long-continued dyspep
sia, and the nervous excitement which
his labors had induced, had combined to
bring about the weakness undcf which he
suffered. For the first two or three days
he was upon deck for tbe greater part of
the tune. 1 he weather was fresh, thou
not unpleasantly cold, aud the sea not
rough enough to occasion any considera
ble discomfort. The motion, however,
affected him disagreeably. . He slept
badly, had no apetite and could relish
nothing but a little fruit now and then.
His eldest son was with him, and attend
ed upon him with all a sou's fond soiici
tude. Except myself, I do not think he
bad another acquaintanca on board. 11
W8S cheerful, social, and talked with in
terest of everything connected with pub
lic affairs at home and abroad. . He suf
fered some inconvenience, from the fact
that his room was below and that he
could only reach it by descending two
pa;rs of stairs. We occasionally made a
couch of cushions tor him upon deck,
when he became fatigued, but this made
hint too conspicuous for his taste, and h
seemed nneastly fearful of attracting at
tention to biraseir as an invalid.
After Tuesday the sea became remark
ably smooth, and so continued to the end
of the voyage. But it brought him no
relief his strength failed with failing
appetite, and on Tuesday, from itayin
too long upon deck, be took cold, which
kpt him to bis room next day. - Other
wise, he seemed about as csnat, through
that day and Saturday, and on Sunday
morning seemed even better, saying that
he had slept unusually well and felt
strengthened and refreshed. ' He took
some slight nourishment and attempted
to get up from his berth' without assis
tance ; the effort was too much for bim
however, and bis son, who bad left the
room at his request, but stood at the door,
saw him fall as he attempted to stand.
He at once went in, raised him and laid
him npon the couch. ? Seeing that he was
greatly distressed in breathing, he went
immediately for Dr. Smith, the surgeon
of the ship. I met him on deck, and
hearing; of his father's condition, went at
one to his room. I . found bim wholly
unconscious, breathing with difficulty, but
perfectly quiet and seemingly asleep.
Drs. Beadle and Dubois ware present,
and- had endeavored to give hum a stimu
lent but was unable to swallow, and
was evident that be was dying. He eon
tinned in this state for about half an
hour ; his breathing became slower and
slower, until finally ita?easeJ altogether,
and that was ail 1 - Not a movement of a
muscle, not a spasm or a tremor of any
kind, betrayed the1 moment when his
spirit took its departure. ' An infant,
wearied with play on a summer's eve,
could not have fallen atlaepmor gently.
His remains wero placed in ice and taken
to Havre; from, which they will be re
turned to New York by the Tanderbilt,
which leaves on the 13th inst v
Thongh Dr. Baxlet's illness ha been a
matter of public-knowledge for om
months, his death, I suspect, will tak
the community by surprise. It will cer
tainly be very deeply regretted far beyond
tbe large circle of his family connections
and personal friends. He was a native
of New Jersey, but passed his early lifd
in Philadelphia, where he received his
education. He graduated at the Medical
College in that city and soon after re
moved to Ohio but the profession had
little attraction for him, and he never en
tered upon its active duties. His taste
led him rather to the study of social sci
kence in its various braches, and for the
last few veati, jt u needless for me to
sav, he has held a very important and in
fluential relation to the 'political affairs of
the countryr "During the thirteenth year
of his residence at W asnington, in tne
editorial conduct of the Rational Era,
he Tias established a reputation for firm
adherence to principle combined with a
prudent regard for practical results, which
bad secured tbe confidence of the largest
and wisest portion of the Anti-Slavery
men of the whole country. He believed
Slavery to be a moral wrong, a social
disease, aud a political blunder ; and di
rected all his energies to its extirpation.
But he never ignored or professed to un
derrate the practical difficulties with which
the question was surrounded, nor did he
ever fall into the miitaie of headlong zealots
and try to make denunciation do thetcork nf
araument and versiiaaum. ihe tact that he
established a popular and successful Anti-
Slavery newspaper at Washington to
those who appreciate the influences that
prevail there affords conclusive proof of
the practical sagacity and the wise tern
per which presided over his performance
of duty. He teas nut a part y man, nor the
M of party men, in any reipcct nor to any
extent. He tlimigM for hinaelf and acted
upoa hit own convictions, not obstinately,
nor with any disposition to underrate tne
importance of co-operation with others,
but acted with friends only so long as
thev songht noble ends by worthy means,
and holding all personal aspirations and
all party aims steadily subordinate to the
triumph or principle and the promotion
of the public good. He nas acted gener
ally with the itepublican party, but no
ictation of its ententes, and no ambition
of its leaders, could ever tudnce him to tup
port movements whicli his own judgment
dut not approve, lie sustained tne iru-
tetiilen amendment to.tbe Liecoroplon mil,
although eminent Anti Siavery leaders
denounced it as a pledge to admit condi
tionally Slave States into the Union;
and he advocated the admissiou of Oregon,
though a majority of the Republicans in
Congress .resisted and voted against it,
aud so on every poiut of public policy.
While defereutial always to the advice of
those for whose optuious bo bad respect
he permitted none to overbear his judg
ment or control ms action. , i ne country
;ias great need of such men, and on ac
count of their comparative rarities in
public life, Dr. Bailey will be missed the
more.
There is a very large literary circle, also,
n which the grief for his death will be
crofottnd and sincere, The literary de
partment of the Xationat fira has always
;en one of its prominent leatures, and
is contributed very largely to its success.
Dr. Bailey himself always maintained
an active supervision over it, aud gave it
the character for vigur, I res an ess ana good
taste by which it has always been distln
auished. Lnclt lom't Cwtn first ap-
peared iu its columns ; Mrs. bocthwobth
was first introduced to the public through
s aaencv. and J. G. Wuittier and other
well-known aulhorsbaye been regular con
tributors to its pages. W nhout any spe
cial pretensions to literary eminence him-
elf. Dr. Bailet was a clear, strong ana
not inelegant writer, a man of fine educa
tion aud high cultivated taste, aud gtlted
with a quick appreciation of merit in
whatever writings war submitted to his
inspection.
Iu persou be was rather under tne me
dium height, and slightly built, with the
air of a student rather than a man of
physical action, and the manners of one
who shunned, rather than courted, the
notice of the world at larg?. His conver-
, , 1 1
sation wits eay ana always agreeaote,
turning upon events rather than books,
and marked by sagacious' and charitable
constipation of the conduct and motives
of public men. .
;iot the lcst sluicing circumstance oi
his decease is tho fact that he leaves A
wife aud six children to mourn bis de
parture. His eldest son was the only one
of his family who was with him; his
life, in all probability, could not have
been prolonged had be remaiuedat home,
and bis death was as peaceful and as
happy as it could possibly have been had
it occurred in tne midst or those whom
he loved. There is something desolate
and cheerless in the thought of a friend's
dying at sea ; but this is more perhaps in
imagination ihan in reality. , 1 lie anguish
of surrounding friends certainly can
bring no comfort to the parting soul, and
the murmuring of the waves as they
break peacefully against th couch of the
dying is a more grateful requium than the
roar of traffic and the hum of business
which disturb the last momenta of one
who die in th heart of a great metrop
olis. U J. K.
' ' Diooyatoa Lardaer.
Tbe news of Humboldt' decease ha
been rapidly succeeded by intelligence of
the demise of Dr. . Lirdne-r, one of the
most popular lecturers and writer on
scientific subjects that ever lived, and who
was well known in this country. - lie was
native of Dublin, Ireland, in which city
he wa bora in 1793, and was therefor
66 years of age at his death, which occur
red on the 8th of Mav, in Naples, where
he had been residing anting the past two
year. , His father had sufficient wealth
to give him a good university education at
Trinity College, intending him for the
legal profession. His tastes, however, were
adverse to spouting in courts of law, and
so he devoted himself to scientific pursuit,
and with such success that he took sixteea
prizes, while a student for scientific es
say. In 1817 he left. Ireland and took
np hi abode in Cambridge, Koglaod,
where be aoon . diatingu'uuod himself for
attainments in mathematics and natural
phiksopby. : Ue also acquired a deserved
popularity as a lecturer oa scientific sub
jects bv a happy faculty of perspicuous
illustration; and at tbe same time, as an
author and a contributor to tho Edinburgh
Encyclopedia, he established his reputa
tion fur general and correct information on
astronomy and mechanics. At 34 years
of ag be was appointed professor of natrj-
,ral philosophy in the. London University,
and for several years be was tbe no
popular scientific personage in taw city.
In 1840 he came to the United State
under a compulsory vjsit, with the young
wife of a British captain, and the affair
caused much public comment at the time.
la order to secure the means of support
he commenced a series of popular scien
tific illustrated lectures in this city in 1811,
and afterwards repeated them in all our
large cities. They were very successful,
and were far superior to anything that had
been attempted among ns before. - We
can add our personal testimony tq his
wonderful powers as a clear expositor of
scientific subjects; he was perfectly at ease
before tae most imposing audience in dis
coursing on astronomy, electricity, or me-,
chanics. -These lecture were published
afterwards in our city, and ws sometimes
refresh onr memory of the lecturer by a
perusal of them. After a residence or hve
years in our country, he left for Europe
and took up his abode in Paris, where he
has almost constantly lived since, and
where he contributed to several British
periodicals and scientific works. He was
not a very original thinker or writer, but
he was a very clear and popular ouo.
His elementary works on astronomy
and the steam engine have been the
means of extending nseful knowledge
among the millions, and thus he has left
a broad mark upon tbe age in which he
lived. This is especially true of bis last
work, the "Museum of Science and Art,"
which contaius a number of the best
treatises on various subjects ever pub
lished in any language. His work on
"Railway Economy" is also a most uselul
treatise on all that appertains to the gen
eral management of railroads, and it has
done an immense amount of good in re
gard to the information it contains on the
causes and remedies for railway accidents.
In this work ho also describes the accom
mod at ions of American river steamboats
over those of all other countries, and be
pays a high compliment to the originality
and enterpriso of our engineers. We
think bis work did good in England in
regard to this very feature of American
eo-a-head-ativeness, for new project
seem to meet with a more favorable con
sideration in Europe sinco it was pub
lished. Scientific American.
Alexander Von Homboldi.
This ereat philosopher, traveler and
author, expired on the Gth of May, in Ber
lin, Prussia, at tbe advanced age ol ninety
one years. He has outlived three genera-
tions. his reputation as a man oi science
... . .
was world-wide, and he had baen a wit
ness of the most thrilling events that had
ever transpired in the history of the
world. He was born in 1769, seven
years before the American revolution,
aud had seen our couutry emerge from
the condition of a few sparsely settled
colonies to an independent empire, ex
tending from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean, numering thirty millions of inhab
itants, and second to none in all that con.
stitutes true greatness. He saw the old
French revolution rise in glory and go
down iu blood and gloom : be witnessed
the rise of Napoleon the Great, and be
held his own land (Prussia) crushed be
neath the despot's heel a mere serf to
France ; he rgain saw the Coraican con
queror chained a prisoner in St. Helena,
and his whole kindred banished from
Gaul ; and now, just as his eyes were
closing forever, the tramp of armed men
fell upon his ear, going forth once more
to battle under the banners of a Bona
parte and a Cnar the Gaul and a Ger
manand who can te'.l what the end
will be ?
Alexander Von Humboldt received a
high education in the University of Got
tingen, whore his taste for the sciences
wsut Cultivated with assiduity, nis ibiub
i . i . v l L - 1
as a minerologist was esu-iy eamuiwuvu,
and at twenty-three years of age, he
was appointed to the important govern
ment post of Superintendent of Mines in
Franconla. Having felt a strong desire
to visit foreign lands, he soon- resigned
this situation, and sold a large estate to
furnish means for traveling in America.
After many disappointment, he was at
last enabled to visit the New World on
der the patronage of the Spanish Govern
ment and in 1799 commenced to explore
th rroa allIV nf th OllnOCO. DunUZ
th five years he was a traveler on our
on our
continent, he visited the source
ource oi tuei
r .i
Amazon, climbed the enow-capped peaks
of the Andes, and under a burning sun,
traversed vwt plains, pesiii6r.tl-l swami)S,
and barren deserts wnere iuo
white man had never trod before.
It affords its much pleasure to state,
that Baron Von Humboldt included a
portion of our own country within his
extended American tour. He visited our
principal eboard cities, and was person-
ally known to some of our distinguished
men. . ue quiueu .uis wuuuj ,u '
aca return ea 10 uis uauvo sauii.
idlihifiAn marl ft TTinfet f;iVn faille lUl
t.i j t r.,,. -
pressron upon uia miuu, muu no
ward retained .pleasant recollection
of our people. His published accounts
.l 7 ilv. ......j .v.. ......
tion of the whole civilized wofld.
i-i. a.ti , r u .v.- r hl
anthftfi dewription wa vivid ; they were
i a :.v atlii: : :jAn.
ClieU WltU lUTUUUX lUUlUQUIO. SV WU-
tamed a mas of new geograpnicai, no-
- a . a a
tanical and mineralogical information oi
ue mult iuwrca.iu( tuaiauKi. "la
waa v vuce vbibwiibuvu vj kwu
-. - k. .nh tM.
tion.
rot hnnnra nnnrerf in tlnnn him
or puurcu ia ajiai
from, the scientific association of all
lands.
iner were priuieu iu kibuc
rere printed in seventeen
large volumes; richly illustrated with
i. j i.nv
mineralogy, the natural history of am-
mals, astronomy, geology, climatology, 10
short, every branch of science. Bo va-
ncu a im jhuiuuiiu -c. mm. ..wijuiv.,-,
was at once felt that be stood out tn bold
relief as the moat accomplished traveler
... i: a -nr. ...14 u -..i.,.
tnat i . cw. v
i i r - . .-j j.. . : r
t . ..... ;
V 1UI KV IU PtaaYfcVs, taw WUUCVUOU W fc a-uua-
aubjoct, that be had for an associate the
celebrated f rencn Meant, ionpiaua, wnu
accompanied him in bis journeys, and as-
sisted in hi literary labor.
- - ....
oi jew, uia imnro wa uuuw
wa made more widely knowo by hi
"Cosmos," a work written during the long
and pleasant twilight of bis life, in which
be consider (and in thi view h is right) uoan, J&. B. iJanoy.
11 ---1 tKlr,.j-a-linVerl together I Johnson conntv C. A. uuneB
r : :rZ k.t. nJ aiTnnt.l P.n.a cenntr S. R. KodzerS.
i : i t . -.tf .
and th author of the visible creation.-- and will fairly .represent the views oi in
ti: v u.. i - tr..UtA intu w.ral 1 rvavmln . Thev were selected without re-
langnsgea onr own among tbe number- gard to politics, and about a equal nurn
and i replete with curious, variedand ber of thera belong, to either1 party-but
vfnnnd nfovmationv- - ' O 3- ' will alb favor Free Stat Constitution
Of this ereat man w can truly testify
be wa a benefactor to tho human
race,
and his career is noble exunpia oi
long life well spent in severe physical
and mental toil, whereby the sphere or
man's information has been greatly ex
tended and enriched. His memory wo
prodigious, his intollect active and acute,
and his taste exquisite ; and over every
thing which he wrote, he threw the
charm of a genial disposition and a gen
erous heart. For the past fifty years he
has been the Nestor of Science, and baa
gone down to the grave bearing the es
teem of all men, ana -laden wtin wmim
and honors noblv won,"
The remains of Humboldt were carried
to tho tomb in the Berlin Cathedral, on
th 10th of May, by an Jmporing crowd
of mourners. His funeral car was drawn
by aix of the King's horses ; bis coffin
was uncovered, and of plain oak, but
adorned with flowers and laurel placed
on it by the people. Tho students of the
college walked, alongside of it in rows,
carrying green palm branches. The line
of procession extended several miles in
length, anil princes, nooies auu jjbujjiw
took part in the ceremonies.
Postal Economy.
The P. 0. Department is economiaing
with the minutest care, saving np many
precious mint drops which might other
wise be wasted. People are respectfully
requested to be more particular in direct
ing letters and here we join our prayers
to those of Mr. Holt and sincerely hope
that all our correspondenta will direot a
littlejnore correctly and legibly, for Un
cle Sam' sake and" for our own. People
are also reminded that neglect in calling;
for letters causes much dead-letter waste,
and here again is another sensible idea,
well worth a smalt sermon. It i tbe duty
of every.one to look onoe a week at the
advertised list of letters, whether of U. S.
or City Dispatch offices, and aoe whether
there be not a letter there for him or her.
There are few persous who do not recov
er one or two letters a year by this means.
And those who have not boxes should
either leave their address at the Post Of
fice, so as to have hitters taken up by tho
carrier, or else should call and iuquire at
stated intervals. This is a matter nf much
importance, and if every one would attend
to it they would save troublo to cor
respondents and much expense to the De
partment Finally, it is nrged that ro pains bo
snared bv those delivering letters. There
is in this country a helter skelter careless
ness, aud a wholesale style of packing off
letters, which contrasts singularly with
tbe pains taking delivory of the English
post The work, for instanco, which was
fur a Ions time done and is. we believe.
still carried on by a private citizen of
Philadelphia, in forwarding to different
firms in our principal cities misdirected '
letters, might just as well be done in our
post offices, nor would it cost a cent extra
to government, if an extra cent were only
charged ou delivery. Tbe practice of sep
arating the advertised letters from those .
in tho general delivery, and requiring a
special inquiry to bo made for them, is
discountenanced. This is also well worth
consideration. It will also tend to dimin
ish the number of dead lotters.
Finally, the Department invite sugges
tions in relation to tho disposal of dead
letters, as well as to their reduction. We
would suggest that as the most important
dead letters are those which coutain
money, the best suggestion M yet made,
would be the adoption of the Mosbt Ob
deb System. By thia means cash, in
stead of lying idle in tbe 3ead letter office,
would be put in active circulation, and
the amount of dead mouey letters also bo
materially diminished. There would bo
leas stealing, and a very material increase
of Post Office business, siuce it is the very
general impression of. the unreliability of
the post which keeps many from using
it We boar so much of packages lost,
and see s'o many advertisement of note
guno astray, that we all acquire a little
suspicion. Now the Monoy Order Sys
tem will cure much of this. Cannot Mr.
Holt Napoleonize it through? Can he
not proclaim it, and then carry it out? It
would be immensely popular, and what is
noiiular is generally successful, in this
democratic country of ours. It is only
, , ..;. wr.ich .lands in the
i idu ppv - -
. .; riiya
Give the
,f Money Order System,
Mr.
t have itwe tiiU have it t
Jt .jj B)ake np tQe jg wilh , sur.
, :t winaora vou all the spicuetsav-
' t : 1.1- .im -r.-rTi v flPflnnm'te
log, and miserauie wu-,rcnnj
t II- . -.- .. .MnnmiM
which are so foreign to your, eminently
generous nature give n the money or
ders. If peP' h'i tnera' ,hy wo d
stand tbe threatened raia of forty per
c(jnt ftom 1)ree ceoU to hil dime per
ounce. Give ns the money order !
Bulletin
1 nebraaka Election.
i ..,.! I it., u,
We extract the following from tb eor-
respondecc of th St Joseph Uatetu .
I TfmaAHKA Cm. June 1L
Editobs Gazetts : The election for
tl,rata to the Wvandott Constitutional
Convention wu hld Ut Monday. Mort
f thai mnntifl ftoilth of th Piatt flV-
I a,.- ini Mt M OI
1 aaw a?
er, in spiw u' lu '. 6 f i tZ
tne umana jiepmniam,
That election was free for DOtfi
j - f ,
i - . -1 .n
Mill.. 1(1 T II M UDIID VI .uw t ,
, ....... -
SOUth Of flatt TlVer. A no - "
overwhelming majority lor iu. f-f""-
juvuijmKwwii v, .
incorporation of this nctt secuou .
braska with tbe new duuo, iu
I in nniT ahont Ant hundred vote
were polled, ana my wnj "'
considering me uuj oo-ovu v.
and that.no special effort n made w
, wi.. - ' . j- um..-
umpn to me Aant.-ii
the question, that the masses here are
I r- . atai Oroanizaiion with Kansaa.
I ' . 1 . - , ,
I ir.nma havai nn receive! uvui
!,;. f tha innt south of the Platte, wbtcn
I wa, - a V afll
indicate the election of-too .following
ueirwm . T "TT
Otoe county W. .H. . ' TIl0V J
Croston, M. 8. Beeves J. B. Pennett,
v . n J T IT U a. ar .
, - ' , -p
Nemaha, county S. L Chambers, .
W, .Furnas, a B. Hewitt ? '
.' Bichardaon county liuciolls, W. -A-.
iaa I Ti,. 4l.tia aleoted are all good men
and vote for it submission, to the people
for ritacation or rejection.
is:
f
h
ill
:4
, 1 1
t
.-.iii
it
. I !
: :
! ;l
1?