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Catholic Thought And Opinion By REV. JOSEPH F. DONNELLY PROMOTING TIIK WELFARE OF THE PEOPLE. Th* Founding Father wrote these words into their Declaration of In dependence: ■•We hold these truth* to be self evident, that all men arc created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien able rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights govern ments are Insti tuted among m e n. deriving their Just pow ers, from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of govern mnit becomes Rev. J. Donnelly destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to Institute new Government laying its foundations on such principles and organizing Its powers in such form, ss to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." In the Preamble to the Constitu tion they wrote that one of the ends of that instrument was "to pro mote the general welfare.” Prom both sources we have an ' explicit statement that the purpose of government Is to secure for all of the people their rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happi ness. FRIENDLINESS WITHOUT FRILLS ALU of us look for friend * * liness in a hotel hut wc want it to be genuine and without ostentation. That's the kind you’ll find at the Knickerbocker in New York. Our 350 rooms are clean and comfortably furnished. They all have private bath and radio, located half way between Radio City and Times Square, you'll save both time and cab fires during your visit. Kales are frtm S2.50 la S3.50 tingle; S4, SS, S6 double. NONE HIGHER. Early reservations art suggested. IE rite to IE. H. Fitzsimmons, Manager, for reservations. 128 West 45th Street NEW YORK "Now is th’ time uv th’ year when most uv us git conscious uv our past an' present sins an' swear we’ll cut out vices flown tuh th’ number of Japs left on Tarawa island. wc start jiro duclng good resolutions th’ way rabbits run up th’ score on their progeny. Lots uv times our good resolves last ’bout as long as a snowball on th’ sunny side uv a cactus, but once in a while we come up with one that is still standin’ on its own two feet a week later, Anyhow—a Happy New Year.” I I DOIN’S ’ROUND TOWN : Wednesday, January 3rd:— The Mother’s club of the First Methodist church meets at 7:45 p. m. in the church parlors. Thursday, January 4th:— A meeting of the Junior Guild of St. John’s Episcopal church is scheduled for 8 o'clock in Guild hall. Monday, January 22nd:— Rot. E. A. Conway. S. J„ of the Social Action Department, Na tional Catholic Welfare Con ference, Washington, D. C„ will give a lecture in this city under the auspices of the Waterbury Council of Catholic Women. "One resolution that's a good ene fer everybody tuh make Is tuh five their families Cashln's Dairy Products every day throughout 1845. They’re packed with flavor an’ health goodness, energy an’ vitamins. All Cashln’s Dairy Products are carefully pro tected fer your benefit. Per extra quality an' flavor—choose Caah in’s.’* ERROR OF THE FAST Otic of the great errors Uiat dom inate the economic lilc of the eight eenth century In our country was the notion that government should keep out of economic life. It was ex pressed in that catch phrase; "That government is best which governs least." It made the government a policeman who should preserve law and order so that each individual might be free to pursue his par ticular economic objective. But Leo XIII wrote; "Whenever the general Interest of any par ticular class suffers, or is threat ened with, evils which can in no other way be met. the public au thority must step in to meet them." In other countries the reaction came sooner, but in our country wc officially rejected this false no tion in 1932. The government must protect and promote the general1 welfare. In other countries govern ments went to the other extreme; they would not simply Interfere to protect the welfare of the people but they insisted on regulating everything, and we had the up surge of the totalitarian states. In our country in the early thirties wc hud to give the Government emer gency powers to cope witli the great depression. In the late thirties wc were trying to decide how much power must be left to the State when war came and again we said the slate must gear nil that is necessary to the winning of the war. THE PROBLEM The problem ahead of us, both now and at the end of the war, Is the decision on how much we must leave to the Government and how much the jicople can do themselves. The rule that will guide as must be the promotion of the common welfare, by the people themselves, where passible and through organ izations directed to that end, but where necessary, through the direct action of the Government. THE GENERAL WELFARE Essential to the general welfare Is the opportunity of a decent hu man life for each and for all of the people, and It Is sound Catholic • ocinl teaching that, not only is it the right, but it is the duty of the state to provide for all the needs of a decent life for the people when the economic life of the nation eith er cannot or will not provide it. So many make loose charges of socialism to propose legislated so Uitll WIWO <WIHU IHU.TL UJll’Jl JIUVU | come the duty of the state because i of the selfishness and injustice of' our social order. Our duty in life Is to save our souls and get back to Gcd through the practice of a good moral life. Morality does not thrive In poverty and insecurity. Many times these make it morally impossible for some to live a decent life. Then it be comes the moral duty of the state to legislate away such evils. VVIIAT ENGLAND DOES In legislating for the assistance of the underprivileged we In America have made great strides in recent years. We may have a long way to go, however, if the social provisions of England are an Indication. There nine persons out of ten are insured against sickness and unem ployment, and the first provisions of this kind In England were made In 1911. A national health insurance plan gives free medical treatment and medicine and allows the patient to choose his own doctor. There are maternity benefits and sickness and inability benefits for those who cannot work. There has been a school medical service there for 35 years. Since 1906 free meals have been served to school children. Today one child in five receives such meals and eight out of every ten receive milk at school. The national government meets 95 per cent of this cost. Housing projects have rehoused one-third of the population since 1919 and rents arc adjusted down ward to meet the sire of the fam ilies. Large tracts of land have been bought for the recreational uses of the people. The blind arc given a pension at 40. And all this ante-dated the war. Today those who have been perma nently Injured In alr-ralds get pen sions and private property loses are covered by compulsory insurance. In 1890 the annual expenditure per head for social services was $3; in 1936 It was $40. Almost 10 per cent of the national Income went for such services in 1937. WORLD WAR II A YEAR AGO BV UNITED PRESS U. S .troop* land at Hahlor, far up the New Guinea coast, and capture the harbor and airfield. Soviet Army pushes to a point 14 mile* from Poland in gain* west cf Kiev; liberate more than 150 places, half-encircling Uerdlchev. ..Canadians of the til Army in Italy occupy Villa Tommaso: Brit ish unit* of thr 5th Army state another raid behind the German lines as U. S. troops consolidate position* in newly-won territory. In New Year's message to the Chinese Army, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek declares that President Roosevelt (at Cairo) had agreed that Japanese militarists be wiped out. MOTORISTS QUICK SERVICE We re-cap your Urea In 8 hours and guarantee our work. Notice TO GRADE 1 CERTIFICATE HOLDERS A complete stock of new synthe tic passenger car tire* now avail able Tel. 3-1141 36 J«fferson St. Here Are Waves' First Chiefs Chief Yeoman Longhurit Chief Yeoman Pearson Chief Storekeeper Hanusik Chief Yeoman Angel It's not easy to become a chief petty officer in the Navy and these are the first four WAVES who qualified for the rating. Women must lake examinations and be considered for advancement along with all other enlisted Navy personnel. Chiefs wear the same uniform as other en listed WAVES, except for an officer's type hat with the fouled ar.elior —the regular chief petty officer’s cap device. Rhodell An»cl comes from Thief River Kalis, Minn. Vera Maxine Pearson's home is in I.oda, III. Frances II. Ilanusik is from Yonkers, N. Y. Marion T. lamghurst is a native of Stamford, Conn. Three of the chiefs are stationed in Washington and Chief Eonghurst is on duly in New Orleans. I-a. The Navy can't promise many girls will qualify for chief, hut it offers good paying patriotic jobs to qualified women between 30 and .36. without children under 18. Shortages On Front Likely Says Byrnes _ War Production Must Improve Sharply in Coming | Weeks to Avert t hreatened Handicaps By JOSEPH LAITIN (United Press Staff Correspondent) Washington, Jan. 2--<UP> — James F. Byrnes, War Mobilization Director, warned today that Amer ica's front-line fighting men may run short of supplies "in a few weeks” unless the home front de votes undivided attention to war production. Byrnes told President Roosevelt QUIET NEW YEAR’S OBSERVED HERE Factories Maintain War Tempo; Festive Spirit Noticeably Absent Steeled for a stent year of war, Waterburians today took up the reins of Industry, after observing one of the solemnest New Year's day ever remembered. A steady rainpour and high winds enhanced the somberness of the holiday, since few people ventured forth to pay New Year calls. Except for church attendance when residents of the Brass City offered prayers for the 10,000 men and women in service, the day did not differ from any other day for most residents. Thousands of war workers at the American Brass Co., Chase Brass and Copper Co,, and Scovill's re ported for work as usual, to meet urgent, orders for huge quantities of additional brass and shell cases. Other Brass City plants that op erated yesterday were the Benrus Watch Co., Inc,, Waterbary Par rr*I FVmrvIrv nnrl Marhlno f!n Wi» terbury Buckle Co., Waterbury Com panies, In",, U. S. Time Corp. and Lux Cloock Mfg. Co. Several de partments in other plants also worked to meet orders or to take Inventory. Holiday travel was light, it was reported, except for New York bound trains which were filled with holi day visitors. Only the somber chimes irom the clock on St. John's church belfry, followed half a minute later by the lusty peal of church bells from all parts of the city, marked the usher ing in of the Nw Year here Satur day night. Except for a few revelers who tooted an automobile horn or clanged a nolsemaker. a dismal quietness shrouded the city. Curious residents, who came down to the center, imping for a little excite ment, stood in store fronts seeking shelter from a cold rain and return ed home shortly past midnight, sad ly dlsappointd that the gaycty of former New Year’s was lacking irom the familiar scene. The state ruling prohibiting the sale of liquors between 9 p. m. and midnight kept Waterburiuns close to their home fire for most part. It would seem that local residents, whose spirits have been bogged down by recent reverses in the Eu ropean theater of war, did not even have the heart for home nipping, since few home parties were held. Except for record crowds which attended the midnight perform ances at local theaters, and the an nual New Year s dance at the Y. M. C. A , most Walcrburians remained close by their radios to hear reports of merrymaking in Times Square. Though restauranteurs and inn keepers set a precedent by closing their doors promptly at 9 p ,m„ more than the average number ot people dined out Saturday evening, they reported. Pew proprietors ex pressed disappointment that they could not keep open during New Year s eve. Most people, they ex plained had little heart for cele brating. Waiters and wlaresses. it was reported, welcome a night off. ; and the incoming Congress in a i lio.ouo word report that mobilization i of this country's industrial and , manpower resources was still in complete despite the fact that 1944 I arms production equalled the to | (til output of all other countries j combined. "The German counter-attack ; through the First Army positions has convinced us thut we can win this war only by the all-out efforts of the American people—that we could not pursue an all-out pro duction effort while simultaneously releasing materials, facilities and manpower for civilian production," he declared. “Our soldiers at the front today are not short of ammunition and supplies as result of any produc tion failures,” Byrms slad. "How ever, they may be short a few weeks hence if we fall. If they are to freely use what they now have in order to save human lives, they must know that more, in abun dance, is on the way.” Byrnes’ report, one of the most, comprehensive ever issued on the status of the war program at home, covered the need for stronger man power controls, Increased authority for the War Labor Board, the status of the food program and the fight against Inflation. His manpower recommendations included a pro posed draft of 4-F's not In essential work. "Our forces in the field need more guns, more ammunition, more trucks, more tires, more ships, more airplanes, more rockets and more men to finish the Job which they have done so well to date," Byrnes said. Byrnes would not predict how long the war would continue but said he felt compelled to direct the government's home effort to the mAintonanrp nf nll-nnt war nrnrliu*. tlon. "We cannot be complacent yet," he wild. Byrnes sounded the death knell for civilian reconversion production while the nation is engaged In a two-front war and scofied at the idea that civilians had suffered in conveniences from war-caused shortages. Admitting that the government had made “one too early start" on reconversion last summer. Byrnes said that it had been necessary since that time to "undo what had been done" in order to make the public fully aware of the pressing need for more munitions. He reassured the President and Congress that "we are ready to move quickly" on partial reconver sion the day Germany is defeated but until that day, lie added, war requirements must get the country s 1'ujidlvided attenlion." Byir.es urged extension of the stabilization act controlling wages and prices to June. 1946. to help guard against inflation or deflation during the transition period, when the danger would be greatest. He noted that consumers now have *40.000.000,000 in cash and war bonds, much of it represent ing a potential demand for auto mobiles, refrigerators and other goods. This situation, he warned, can force prices up unless there is adequate provision for price con trol. INCREASING EGG PRODUCTION Farmers report that electric light- i ing and electrically warming the drinking water for |>oultry floeks "step up" win ter-time poultry profits through Increased egg pro duction. MAGNET LIFTS 120,000 POUNDS The most powerlul electro-magnet known up t 1830 could lift only nine nine pound,s. That year Joseph Henry devised one capable of lift ing 750 pounds. Today's magnets can lift 130,000 pound*. WAR DURATION, | PRICE CONTROL KEYTOMARKET I BV WILLIAM T. PLI'NKETT li nitrtl Prru Staff Correspondent i New Yolk .Ian. 2 —lUPl—The key to the outlook for commodity markets In IRAS Is locked up In the uncertainty of ‘he war's duration am1 future government price con trol policies, according to market j experts. Legislation, highlighted by pas- ; sage of the Bankhead amendment ; In revised price control bill, assur- j lng a "full parity” return to pro ducers, took first place over t'e-! mantl.i In elevating prices to new higlis In 1944. Cotton, the outstanding perfor mer, rose to a new 16-year peak at 22:75 cents a jiound. Wheat held around the 15-ycnr peaks; steers climbed to the highest level since 1937. while wool tops pressed hard against the OPA ceiling price of *1 34 a pound But much of the .significance of the rise was lost sight of In the welter of discussion on problems likely to arise In the post-war tran sition period. Most vexing topics included: subsidies, export quotas, disposal of war surplus material, foreign exchange regulations, crop production control, government loans, cartels, likely termination of lend-lease, and adjustment of ceil ing prices. Seek Reopening of Future Markets Agitation for a resumption of trading in futures markets, as soon as possible after the war took a bold step forward In the closing days of the year. A recommenda tion at the International Business Conference at Rye, N. Y., urged their opening as a means toward aiding international trade. "The role of British people as in ternational traders,” the Hon. Mac kenzie Hay, chairman of the Brit ish Federation of Commodity and Allied Trade Associations, declared, "hinges on the reestablishment of futures markets in commodities." The Federation, which is the conn terpart of the National Association of Commodity Exchange, and Al lied Traders, Inc., here, and formed about a year bro to work for re newed futures trading, embraces 43 or practically all, of the organized markets in Britain. Confidence in the eventual re opening of futures markets was seen in the steady appreciation in value of various New York ex change memberships over the past year, even in the organizations where trading has been at a stand still since shortly alter Pearl Har bor. For instance. New York Cot ton Exchange seats, from the post Pearl Harbor low of $2,700 rose to $6,000. The New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange saw ILs member ships rise lrom $3f>0 to $2,150; New York Cocoat Exchange from $400 to $1,700, and Commodity Exchange. Inc., from $435 to $1,900 Some Spot Markets Restored In the spot markets, Jute and shellacp robably had the distinc tion of being the first commodities to go back to private enterprise. Similar steps- for burlap were under discussion as the year closed. While still operating under ceiling prices, the actual handling of imports, storage and distribution lias been put back in private hands. Government floor and ceiling prices for cotton and wheat, it was pointed out, may provide price sta bility at the source of supply, but. processors and manufactures will need hedging facilities—a form of or ice Insurance—against inventory positions. Bankers with loans out standing against raw materials in processors' hands may be lenient now but in the event of a sudden cessation of hostilities, they may calif or the "laying off’ of some of the risk through the medium of hedging. Events in the Pacific in 1945 could have important repercussions. Recapture of the Philippines and liberations of the East Indies, bar ring heavy war-inflicted damage to plantations and machinery, could reopen new large-scale sources of supply for presently short-rationed commodities such as sugar, veget able oils, rubber, spices, tin, tea, and hemp. YOllR FEDERAL INCOME TAX No. 1 OlIR INCOME TAX SYSTEM your income tax is a major part of the Federal Government’s meth od of paying for the war and all other governmental coats. It is fig ured by subtracting various exemp tions and deductions from your in come and talcing percentages of the remainder. It is based on your tax able income from all sources, in- j eluding wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions, business profits, divi- j riends, Interest, rent, and royalties The individual income tax on 1944 Income includes a normal tax ' of 1 percent and also a "surtax" which begins ut 20 percent and increases by steps (frequently called bracketsi to successively higher percentages [or larger amounts of income. The victory tax which was in elfect In 1943 has been repealed. The norma tax and surtax are now the taxes for which an annual income tax ’return" must be filed on or before March 15, 1945. “Under the "pay-as-you-go" sys tem now in effect, part or all of the Federal income taxes of most em ployes was withheld from their wages during 1944 and turned over | ,o the Treasury by employers. Num erous employes thus had their tax es paid up In full before the end of die year. Individuals who were not cepf substantially paid up by the wage withholding were required to nake additional payments on the jasis of "declarations" of estimated tax. However, since both ol these ,ypes of payments were only ap proximate. it is still uecestsary af ter the end of the year 1944 to file i "return"—ns a general rule, not atcr than March 15—in order to Jeterntlne the amount of the eor ■ect tax. Persons who file regular •cturns will compute their own tax 's, w'hlle wage earners with less ban $5,000 Income may elect to lie their Withholding Receipts as i simple return and have the collrc ,or compute the tax. When you have fl'ed your return, md the tax has been computed. the The Army Knows All The Answers—Any Questions? <4 Would you please try and e\-i plum tlir kinds of dlarhante? T K I Portland ' A. The honorable discharge iwhltei WD AOO Form No 5o ‘s I issued when service has l>een honest ' rnd faithful and a character of Oood. Vcrv Good or Ext t llcnt t» | (liven. The dishonorable discharge 1 yellow > WD AOO Form 57 ts issued lor dishonorable discharge by eti lenoe of a court-martial or military I eomml.'Ulon The Blue Discharge WD AOO Form No. 56 is Riven when , the enlisted man Is dlscharRed oth- | erwi.se than as specified above Q. I am the widow of a World War 1 veteran. Where do I apply tor the pension I am entitled to under the law Unit has Just been passed. M. H. Hart fort: A. It is suggested that you con tact the Veterans' Administration, State House, Hartford, as such mat ters come under the Jurisdiction of that organisation. Q Are veterans of World War I entitled to benefits under the Of bill? A. Only men having service on or | after Sept. 16, 1940 are eligible for benefits under the O. I. bill. Q. I have been discharged Uiree months and have not kept up my National Service Life Insurance pre miums. What can I do about them? S. A. Medford. A. Your insurance may be rein stated, If you apply within six months after discharge, by filing with the Veterans' Administration 'V. A. Form No. 353) a statement that your health is as good as It nv 1**11^.- Ul ysjy.il UfcUl ltd #r. Q My .son was killed in action over seven months ago and I have not received his clothes and per sonal effects. Where should I write about them? , A. Inquiries as to the personal effects of a soldier killed In aetivc , service should be addressed to tlie Army Effects Bureau, Quartermas ter Corps, Kansas City, Mo. Q. May loans under the G. I. ; Bill be made to men in the service? ■ j A. In order to borrow money un der the provisions of the G I. Bill you mast have been discharged from the Army, other than dishon- j orably. Q. Please answer these questions ( regarding Class E War Bonds: <li Are they redeemable at any time? • 21 May they be used as collat- , eral? ' A. Series "E'' War Bonds are non-callable prior to maturity. How- ! ever, at the option of the owner they may be reriennned at any time after 60 days from date of issue. They are not to be used as col lateral. Q. My husband has been killed in ' action. Will I receive both pension and insurance payments, or just one? it. V. Concord. A. If your bus bar. i was killed in imount of your tax will then be compared with the actual amount )f your payments. If your payments acre less than the correct tax, you •vill pay the difference. If your pay ments were more than the correct tax, you will be entitled to have the overpayment refunded to you, or credited against your estimated ta for 1945, if any. Your return should be filed with the collector of Internal revenue In the district In which you have your legal residence or place of business. If you don't know the collector's address, inquire at your local post sff ice. action in line of duty you will re ceive a pension: if hr carried In surance and you were named m beneficiary you will receive Insur ance payments also W Mv husband tia.s been in the Arm\ elciii montlis: lie is 35 years of ant Will he be .sent overseas or will lie be discharged because of his am? V F Manchester, N. H A. The fact that, your husband is 35 years of aye will neither prevent him (torn yoiny oversea*, nor be sufficient reason to warrant Ills dis charge. 1 Problems or qutwtions of a per sonal or specific nature may be re ferred to tlie Director of Personal Affairs. Hq. First Service Command, 808 Commonwealth Ave., Boston. Mass i PFC SIMPSON IS HOME ON FURLOUGH Sgt. Dubay Has Returned to Army Hospital in Massachusetts WATERVILLE Correspondent's Phone—3-6511 Waterville. Jan. 2 — Private First 21ass James Simpson, son of Mr. ind Mrs. Harry Simpson of 22 Wheeler street, is spending a 30-day urlough with his parents. James re cently returned from the South Pa 'lfle where he was wounded twice luring the campaign on Saipan. Sergeant Donald Du bay returned , o an army hospital in Massachu :etts yesterday after spending a 10 lay furlough with his parents, Mr. ind Mrs. William Dubay of 55 Jownes street. His brother Sergeant ’ cjorman Dubay is now somewhere in 3ermany and another brother Pri vate Paul Dubay is now stationed in >hio. There will be an important meet ng of the Casper S. Davis Drum torps this evening in tlielr rooms in he rear of the past office. All mem iers are urged to make a special Tort to attend. Noted Briefly The weekly prayer meeting will be teld tills evening at 7:30 at the Jospel Hall on Thomaston avenue. Tlie Swedish Weaving Club will neet this evening at the home of i TONIGHTS SPEAKER RABBI M PARKTZKY The Waterbury Mlmchl Organ - i rati on will hold lie monthly meet* Inc thU evening. 8 p. m„ at tho Waterbury Hebrew Institute. The meetlnp will bo iMrtml by Rabbi M. Paretaky of Now York rlty, a leader In Hapool Hamiirachi, rellfioua labor (reap In the Zionist movement. Hla tople will be: "The Contribution of Hapoel Hamlzrarhi to tho Re building of Palestine.*’ The' meeting win be open to tho tenertal public. Miss Ruth Norton on Thomutoa avenue. The Women's Society for OhrU tlon Service of Grace Methodist church will meet tomorrow evening at 7:30 at the church. Mrs. Murray Dewart will ontortata the Altar Guild of St. Paul's Kplsco pal church tomorrow evening at a supper at 6:30 p. m. at her homo OB State street. Mr. and Mrs. Malcolmn Palmer Of Shaker Heights, Ohio, are parents of a daughter born December 30th In Cleveland. Ohio. Mrs. Palmer Is the former Astrld Swanson, daughter of Mrs. Swanson of Ardmore avenue. The Palmers are former local resi dents. Corporal Clarence DiBlasl la spending a 15-dayl furlough with hla parents, Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Dl Blasi of 1013 Cooke street. Clarenca Is stationed at Boea-Raton Field, Floirida. Mr. and Mrs. William Carter of Harvard street have been visiting with their daughter and son-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Harold Stefller of Washington, Conn. John Seery of the Merchant Mar ines is spending a short vUit with his family on Boyden street. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Seery of 61 Downes street. TABLE AND BOUDOIR LAMPS Lnrge assortment to Maple, china, pottery and crystal base* from . rhoove from. $2.95 f\J\e<tu'ood 1} .J* FURNITURE COMPANY & 7u !^tw U JRNEN l AST MAIN f. Mill MS - • • • • A “First” For First Federal We hove just arranged the first G. I. Mort gages to be made in Waterbury (and in the State of Connecticut). We are |9roud to have been of service to these first re turning G. I/s who wished a home of their own. We want you, the families of returning service men and women, to know that we stand ready, willing and anxious to help them achieve home ownership under the G. I. Bill of Rights. We handle G. I. Mortgage applications promptly. (Dis charged Veterans of World War II are eligible.) We ask that returning service men and women drop in and talk over home ownership — no appointment needed. •nd LOAN ASSOCIATION OF WATEABUAV 50 LEAVENWORTH ST. PHONE 4-2126