Norwich bulletin. [volume], December 23, 1921, Page 9, Image 9

About Norwich bulletin. [volume] (Norwich, Conn.) 1895-2011

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NORWICH BULLETIN, FRIDAY, DECEMBEfl 23, 19Z1
JOURNALIST HENRY WATTERSON M
Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 22. Henry
VV'atterson, one of the country's best
known journalists and former owner and
publisher of the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal,
died at a local hotel at 6.15
this morning:.
Colonel Watterson's death was unex
pected, though it had been "known for
some days that he was ill. The vetergi
publisher had been here about six weeks,
an was his custom on his annual trips
to Florida. He has for years been
spending the winters Jargfcly at Fort
Myers, Lee county ,and it was his Inten
tion to go to that place when his condi
tion improved sufficiently to take the
trip. His wife, son and daughter, were
at his bedside when he died.
Colonel Watterson's death was due to
heart failure superinduced conges
tion of the lunps, aecordin;' l -phjv-:ians.
' lie was conscious for a few min
utes at intervals and 30 minutes before
death, called his wife into the room and
conversed with her. After the words
with Mrs. Watterson, the son and daugh
ter were summoned. Members of the
family said his death was peaceful. Col
onel Watterson having lapsed into un
consciousness again a few minutes be
fore he passed away.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF
JfORNATuIST WATTERSON
Henry Watterson was one of the last
5f the old time personal journalists.
More than half a century his editorials,
with their brilliant, original and phrase
m;.'ng composition, attracted wide at
torn n-n. They were commented on and
ropipd by the press of the nation. Be
sides his powor in mold':i public opin
ion through his editorials Watterson's
Inmierro is credited with having shaped
the platform of the democratic party in
more than one presidential campaign.
It w:is perhaps through an accident
that Il-nry Watterson pursued journal
ism. Knrly in life he evinced unusual
mu.rcal talent and his parents encour
aged it. A mishap that crushed his left
thumb. leaving that member stiff,
caused the mu.iml education to be aban
doned, as the piano was his favorite In
strument. A natural bent foi4 writing developed
hut even in this Mr. Watterson was seri
ously handicapped as an Illness In in
fancy bad affected his vision. His first
jn'irnaHsMc experience Was gained on a
WHsMngton. P. C. newspaper as musi
rpl and dramatic critic. His father.
JTnrvpy M. Wnttnrson. for 2.0 years pre
c'l:n the outbreak of the war between
r-i . wric n representative In con
gress from Tennessee. It was during
th's '! M-nry Watterson laid the foun
dation for an elaborate knowledge of na
'lortnl affairs, hp spending much of his
time arrneiatlng with party leaders o
Ihe nrrin'i and in close contact with the
:prrnfin of the trovcmment.
Wat' ergon's course in letters and jour
tal'm in tho national capital was In
terrur-tPd just as ho attained his ma
i'Ttty by :.h" outbreak of war. With his
father, he mno?M the secession move
ment, hnf upon the declaring of hostili
ties hr- r.'tnrned to his Tennessee home,
nd joined the army of the Confederacy,
lie served throughout the war, except
for a prio'l of trn months, when hp es
taHNhP't and opprntpd at Chattanooga,
Tppo.. The r.tbel, a semi-military paper.
Mr. Watti-rson served first as an aide
to tlv- farrotts cavalry leader. General
N'atiuin Tifrlford Forrest, and later was
.on th'- staff of O-'Ttral l,eonidas Polk.
PTtrn-.y campa'gn between Gen
erals S'i. ri::an ami Johnston. Watterson
iv;;c chief of scouts of Uie Confederate
irmy.
Resident Commissioner
The Philippines I
Washington
Of
ijwti
if-, .
r
'f
if
. 1 K a
The Rebel Instantly achieved great
popularity. The paper was outspoken and
independent, forecasting in many things
the Louisville Courier-Journal, a lineal
descendent to follow it within a few
years. '
Abraham Lincoln was said to be the
great passion of Watterson's' life. His
lecture on Lincoln was delivered m hun
dreds of cities and it was his pride to
tell of calling on Lincoln the morning
of his inauguration and of standing be
side him at the ceremony.
"Let no southern "man point his fin
ger at me," .Mr, Watterson said, "be
cause I canonize Lincoln, for he was the
one friend we had at court when friends
were most in need,"
When Watterson founded the Journal
he made a. plea for harmony in the
south. Thoroughly reconstructed him
self, he urged all to follow his course
in complete submission to the federal
government.
Mr. W ai Person always advocated
"Tariff for Revenue Only," a phrase
which he coined, and which finally was
adopted by the democratic party. He
was an ardent friend or Grover Cleve
land during the latter's first adminlstra
tlon as president, but opposed Cleve
land's third nomination.
His service as a public official was
confined to a fractional term In con
gress. He accepted a seat there In
1878-7 at the wishes of Samuel J. Til-
den, with whom he was closely allied.
Mr. Watterson Tefused renomlnation for
the full term. Frequently urged to run
for high office he always refused, main
taining: Mr. Watterson opposed William Jen
nlngs Bryan In his candidacy for pres
ident in 1896, but in 1900 the Courier-
Journal gave him luke-warm support. In
1908, however, what Mr. Watterson de
nominated as the "free silver heresy'
being "as dead as African slavery," in
the United States, he became a warm
supporter of Bryan.
Mr. Watterson also devoted some of
his editorial attention to social questions,
He once made a savage attack on New
York society women calling them
flock of unclean birds." He accused
them of a fondness for display that ruin
ed the men, and a love of chamngns
and bridge that eventually ruined their
morals.
His dashing style gave currency to
"Light Horse Harry" and "Hent-y of
Navarre." The most popular nickname
and the most frequently used, however,
was plain "Marse Henry."
As effectively as he wrote Mr. Watter
pon snoke on th public platform. His
reputation as an orator reae'.ied its ell
max when he delivered an address at the
dedication of the Columbian Exposition
when he appeared as the government1
official spokesman.
Among the several hooks he wrote or
compiled were Oddities of Southern Life
and Character, a volume of southern hu
mor: The Spanish-American War, writ
ten concurrently with the events, and
his latest work, Compromises of Life,
compilation of his lectures, addresses
and numerous editorials from the Cour
ier-Journal.
Of his career, Mr. Watterson recently
said:
. "I came out of the! war like many of
the young fellows of the. south, a very
picked bird, indeefi. In order to escape
the humiliation of borrowing from
northern uncle, whose polities I did not
approve, I went with my watch to an
"uncle" who had no politics at all and
got ?50 on it. - Along with two blanket
mates, who were as poor as myself
started, or rather revived, publication of
an old suspended newspaper at Nash
viile. Nothing could withstand the
ergy and ardor which we three threw
into the enterprise. We were working
for bread and had to have it.- When
we began there were nine daily paoers
struggling for a footing in the little Ten
nessee capital. At the end of the year
there were but twc. and one of these.
ours, had two-thirds of the business. Af
ter two, years I was called to Louisville
to take an editorial position on the old
T,ouisvil!e Journal, the paper of George
D. Prentice. Si months later Walter
N. Haldeman, who owned the Courier,
joined with me in combining the journal
and Courier. Incidentally this led to
the purchase of the old Louisville Demo
crat, this publication losing its identity
entirely. That is about all."
The consolidation of the three1 papers
was the first of the great newspaper
combinations. - It resulted In the first ap
pearance of the Courier-Journal, Nov
ember 8, 1868.
In his early years he superintended
the detail of every department and for
more than 30 years put tne paper to
press every night.
He was born In Washington, o. t-.,
on Feb. 16, 1840. . -
SCHEDCXE OF THE PROPOSED
WAGES BY XEW HAVEN ROAD
INVESTIGATING PRICES '
CHARGED FOR NECESSITIES
Washington. Dec. 2 J. Federal Investi
gation of retail priepB charged In ivarlous
parts of the country for food, fuel, shoes
and clothing was initiated toaay Dy At
torney General Daugherty. He av or
ders to Director Burns o the bureau of
wvestigation of the justice department
to assign a force or men ai once iu me
duty of obtaining data on retail prices
in different localities.
Mr. Daueherty declared that prices of
necessary commodities were too high anU
that in some instances rue jiruuus ux- it
tailers were "unconscionable." It woula
never he -possible, he aserted, to get prices
down to th, pre-war level cut wrun wages
lowered and the costs of foodstuffs reduc
ed, he was determined to learn whether
the present "badly proportioned" retail
prices should be maintain Ad.
Mr. Burns was Instructed to put hi.
men to work simultaneously to obtain
the variations in various localities in thi
retail prices of general foodstuffs, such
as meats, provisions, beansfi bread and
butter, fuel, shoes and clothing and to
make scti-dmaes of the comparative
prices. Reports will also gathered on
the wholesale prices of wheat, teei and
meats of all kinds In order, Mr. Daugh
erty explained, that comparisons triglvt
be madA of the costs of these commodi
ties with the prices onargea oy tne ouien-
ers artel igraeerss. The depitititmentls
agents are to be Instructed to do their
work carefully but as rapidly as possible.
Action to remady price conditions, Mr.
Daughterty declared, would be taken
through several channels. In the main,
he said, the situation was a local one
and the states would be asked to do as
much as they could to solve It with fed
eral co-operation. Secretary Hoover:
he added would be invited to join with the
justice department in its effort to lower
prices while it was believed that the pub
lication of the comparative wholesale and
retail prices would do Much to remedy
high prices try conveying to the house
wives of the country accurate knowledge
of actual conditions.
Onganlzatiorte of retailers' In different
parts of the country were Warned by Mr.
Daugherty for high prices. These asso
ciations, he declared, were formed "by
smart men who sold a scheme to defe
the laws of the country by perfecting an
organization for fixing prices which con
cealed its real purpose under a declara
tion of a- desire to help competition,
The department, he stated. Intends t
'get these smart fellows'4 while at the
same time recognizing that many innocent
merchants had been Imposed upon by
them. Mr. Dautgherty declared himself
as unualifiedly in favor of trade organ
izations which confined their aperations
to improtvin-g their services to the public.
hut he asserted they would not be s
lowed to nx prices or apportion terri
tory among their memlbers, thus stlfiling
competition. 1-
Trade associations generally, he said
were showing a commemJalble willingness
to confine their activities to the lines
suggested oy trie justice apartment as
in conformity with the lamr, but where the
department s advice had been disregard
ed, it had been necessary to institute pro
ceedirrg under the Sherman anti-trust act
The decision of the sirpreme court last
Monday in the Hardwood case which de-
fyied the general scope of activities of
trade associations, he added, would do
much to remove uncertainty -as to rh
exact application of the law to the activ
Ities of trade associations and would en
atble accurate definitions of what prac
tices were legal and wh ch -were Illegal.
In connection with the Hardwood de
cision, Secretary Hoover said today that
the supreme courts ruling would not
interfere with the commerce department'
plan for the publication of trade statis
tics gathered by associations within the
various industries. According to the de
partments information, he sadd, there
were only 150 associations operated on
line.s similar to the Hardwr-od Lumber as
sociation, out of some 1700 trade
sociaMons in the country.
New Haven, Dec 22. A schedule of
the proposed readjustment of wages of
employes of the New York, New Haven
and Hartford Railroad, effective Janu
ary 16. was issued by General Manaeer
'. L, Eardo today. The items follow:
Clerical and station forces, reduced
seven cents per hour. This covers store
keepers and assistants, Snd chief clerks.
All clerks seven cents ner hour. Most
of .this class of clerks now average at a
rate of $25 weekly.)
Assistant station masters, announcers.
gatemen, baggage and parcel room em
ployes, other than porters, ' seven cents
an hour reduction.
Crew callers, first year $1.75 ner dav:
second, $2.
Baggage porters, 35 cents per hour.
Jifnitorg, 'switchboard operators.
watchmen, etc., seven cents an hour re
duction. ,
Office boys $1.75 and $2 per dav.
Station agents, seven cents an hour rv.
auction.
i'reight handlers to be paid 35 cents
an hour.
Sealers Increased one cent an hour
stevedores, increased two cents.
Common laborers are to have a fixed
rate of 32 cents an hour.
Bridge foremen and assistants, track
foremen and bridge mechanics are cut
nve cents an hour and draw tenders
eight cents an hour.
Shop employes have been furnished
with detailed statements showing rates
tor various Kinds or work.
Rates proposed range from a max!
mum of 66 cents per hour for mechanics
to a minimum of 40 cents per hour for
helpers. Regular apprentices to be re'
duced seven cents per hour. The rates
of helper-apprentices to be reduced to
correspond to the new rates established
for helpers. Rate of 40 cents per hour
to be establishedfor car cleaners.
Agents at small non-telegraph stations
are cut to 40 cents an hour.
In engine, train and yard service rates
are restored, that were In effect Decem
ber 2nd. Switch fenders are to get e
maximum rate of $4. Stationary en
gineers are cut five cents per hour.
Signal department men are to get 42
and 67 cents per hour.
Conferences are being held daily by
Mr. Eardo with the groups of employes.
A repair shop committee has made a de
mand for a 13 per cent. Increase In wag
es.
Back Hurt?
When the kidneys do not properly dd
their work or purify the blood stream,
waste products and poisonous acids re '
main in the system and cause backache,
rheumatic pains, lumbago, sore mus
cles, swollen joints, itiffneet, lams
back and similar symptoms,-.
COCBT UPHOLDS REFUSAL
OF JITNEY ArTOLICENSE8
New Haven, Dec 22. Judge John 15
Keeler, of the superior court. In a de
clsion announced today, upholds the pub
lie utilities commission In Its refusal to
issue jitney automobile licenses to Clin
ton E.r Modeste and John H. Whitby.
The men appealed to the superior court
after the public utilities commission de
nied them permits to operate Jitney bus
es between New Haven and Waterlmry,
via Bethany, and between New Haven
and Clinton, on the Shore route. Buses
are operating on these routes and the
commission held that "public convenience
and necessity" did not require additional
service.
LONG CONFERENCE HELD AT
BRITISH COLONIAL OFFICE
London, Dec. 22. (By th A. P.))
A long conference was held at the co
lonlal office today, presided over by
Winston Spencer Churchill, colonial sec
retary and attended by Sir Laming
Worthington Evans, secretary for war
Lord JMtzalan, governor general of Ire
land; Sir Hamar Greenwood, secretary
for Ireland, and General H M. Tudor,
commander of the crown forces in Ire
land. It- Is understood the military sit
nation In Ireland was discussed.
ITALIAN DEPUTIES DEFEAT
RELATIONS WTH RU8SI
Rome, Dec. 22. (By the A. P.) The
Italian chamber of deputies today defeat
ed a motion of Deputy ISugenio Chiesa
In favor of a resumption of commercial
relations with Russia,
The vote was 220 to 8S. Afterwards,
the chamber unanimously adopted a mo
tion approving the Khsian policy of
Premier Bonomi's eaibinet.
IMejrIiierm
COPYRIGHT CL1M1DINIT. WASHINGTON
Isauro Gabaldon, resident com
missioner of the Philippines, n:
VDs)jngton.
regulate and restore the healthy, normal
action of kidneys and bladder, bringing
clean blood and better health, withfree
riom from aches and pains.
J. Georfe Bulins, Bennington. Vt., writes;
List fall I was attacked with lumbago and
auffered untold agony. 1 had a severs vain
across my back and at tina?a could not dress or
andress myself. I was advised to take Foler
Kidney Pills for my trouble. After taking them
for a few days the pais in my back left me and I
have not had any lumbago since that time ai
U"V1'h?h,t was months ago. I recammaod
Foley Kidney Fills to all wh have lumbaga."
1
4e
iiJ-Haar
We Want Your Business
BUY YOUR
XMAS CANDY
HERE
JENNY LIND MIXTURE, lb 24c
An assortment of the Old-Time Hard Candies and flavors made of pur
sugar. Last year 47c
CUT RGCKLZZ lb. 2Go
The Hard Candy that puts the joy in Xmas. Last Year 43c
We htwe all the old fashioned kinds of Xmas hard Candies
in Ye Old Fashioned flavors made of pure sugar and at
prices that will surprise you.
BOX CANDIES Fancy Asstd. Chocolates in all sizes
from the 1-4 lb. for that Xmas stocking to 5 lbs. in Holly
and plain patterns. WE CAN SAVE YOU HALF.
SPECIAL An .dividual lb wooden box of ORANGE Q
PEKOE TEA. Foil lined and sealed at the garden . . OJC
CHURCH, LODGE AND CLUB ORDERS SOLICITED
DIRECT IMPORTING COMPANY
157 MAIN STREET NORWICH, CONN,
Mail Orden of S1.00 or Over Prepaid Exept cm Sugar and Milk
' jr Norwich Savings
HUMOR OF THE DAY
Dusky Depositor "I wants to d;aw ;
out dafmoney I put in d.s bank four
ears etgo.
Dusky Cashier "Man, you am t got;
no money In here no how. De interest j
done et up de principal long go."
Exchange. ,
He who srteala usually receives pun
ishment in the end."
Yea, and that even applies to the
fellow who steals a kiss."
"How so?'1 '
"Why, he frequently ends up by
getting married." Florida Times Un
ion.
The automobile has not displaced
the horse."
"No," said -Cactus Joe, "and it never
will. Everybody in Crimson Gulch
keep bettin on hoss races in the hope
of winnin' enough to buy a new. fliv
ver.' Washington Star.
Do you remember when you father
drove the donkey cart?" The parlia
mentary candidate fixed his eye-glass
and gazed thoughtfully at the Interrup
ter. Then he replied: "A a matter of
fact, I had quite forgotten the cart.
But I am thankful to see the donkey
alive." Edinburgh Scotsman.
'Judge cried the prisoner in the
dock, "have I got to be tried by a
woman jury?'
'Be quiet,' whispered his counsel.
I wont be quiet! Judge, I cant
even fool my own wife, let alone
twelve strange women. I'm guilty."
Houston Post.
Jones Hello, olde chap . Where'v
you been?
Bones Just returned from my va
cation! WhHe there 1 looked up my
iamny tree and
Jones Get hit with any cocoanuts?
wayside Tales.
"Walter, if this is spring Chicken
where is its wishbone?
'It was too young to wish, sir"-
Boston Transcript
Chloe I sho' mlghter knowed
gwine have bad luck if I do dat wash
in' on Friday. -
Daphne What bad luck done come
to yuh?
Chloe I sen' home dat Dink silk net-
tiooat wid de filly aidge what I was
gwine keep out to wear to chu'eh on
faunday. Columbia (S. C.) State.
'We were just about to eo to oress
last week," said the editor of the Chi
geraville Clarion, 'when we discov
ered that we didn't have any ink.'
nut you got the paper as usual V
Oh, yes, I had a hantiv thoueht
I rubbed the office towel over the type
iorms ana we printed a Drettv fair
addition.'
JUST BEFORE CHRISTMAS DAY
Last night when we were at tea the little fellow said:
"Paw, what are all those packages hid beneath your bed ?"
I almost choked upon my food and mother simply smiled
As though to- say we're bringing up a very knowing child.
He's waiting for me at the door when I get home at night
I try to sneak into the house and not turn on the light '
And get upstairs before I doff my overcoat and hat,
But he is Johnny on the spot, with 'Paw, oh, what is that?'
He's eyeing me suspiciously. I really think he tries
With all his youthful artfulness to take me by surprise.
He hasn't intimated yet that he has found us out,
But eyes and ears are open wide whenever we're about
I spelled a phrase to mother once, and then he promptly
said : v
"I guess it's time now, maw, for me to go upstairs to bed,
An' I suppose that you an' paw will talk out when I'm
gone."t
I'd make an affidavit that the little rascal's on.
Detroit Free Press.
KALEIDOSCOPE
The name Siberia sienifiea "fhira.
ty
The framework of a shin resembles
tne skeleton of a herring.
The Germans frequently flavor their
tea with cinnamon and rum.
A gorilla four feet six inches in
height has the strength of four strong
ment-
Islands of the Corsican coast were
recently offered for sale at $6,000
eacn.
A camel carrying 500 pounds on its
back is nearly equal to two average
norses.
An English centenarian is record
ea as having lost his first tooth at
the age of 102.
City foga are said to cost England
more joss irt a year than does unem
ployment.
More than 100 tons of wood are con
sumed in the world daily in form of
matches.
The British government has award
ed contracts for the construction of
railroad from Nakuru to the Uaslngtsu
plateau north of Victoria Nyanza,
which will attain the greatest altitude
of any railway of the British empire;
its highest point will be more than
9,000 feet above sea level, says the
Scentific American. The road will cost
$10,000,000, and may later be extended
into Uganda, connecting the port of
Mombasa with the Cape-to-Cairo
route.
It is said that prehistoric men were
more skilled in trephining than our
present-day surgeons.
More than 4,000 vessels passed
through the Suez canal last year, or
an average of a dozen a day.
Rocking-horses with hollow bodies
were recently used for smuggling con
traband goods Into India.
The first phonographic disc, made
in 1&87 by Emile Berliner, is preserv
ed in the Smithsonian Institute.
Did Ruskin anticipate the founding
of the Boy and Girl Scouts? It would
seem so from the following note to
Sesame and Lilies," which was pub
lished in 15: "I wish there were
true order of chivalry instituted for
our English youth of certain ranks
in which both boy and girls should re
ceive, at a given age, their knighthood
and ladyhood by true title; attainable
only by certain probation and trial
both of character and accomplishment:
and to be forfeited, on conviction by
their peers of any dishonorable act,"
New York Evening Poet
TICEBOT SATS GOVT MCST
MAINTAIN ORDER IX
EfDIA
Calcutta. Dec 52. (By The A. P.)"
Lord Reading, viceroy of India, today
declined to withdraw his proclamations
against the "non-oo-operatos" and na
tional volunteer and those prohibiting
seditious meetings. This stand was an
nounced to a native deputation which
called upon him to take these stepa and
to liberate the Mopl i leaders already
imprisoned. They also suggestM as a
remedy of the present unrest that a con
ference of all the Important leaders
should he called.
The viceroy explained that the govern
ment must maintain order, and none oi
the members of the deputation was In
a position to give assuranoe that open
defiance of the law on the part ct tha
non-co-operators would cease.
Lord Reading, bowever.told the depu
tation he hoped the government might
be able to change its attitude In the fu
ture and permit a consideration of tha
sugested conference.
A man without a conscience ia a
without principle. ,
The more competition the more merit
to the winner. Thousands of brands
of tea, yet r
L!FFWS TEA
has the largest sale in the world.
THE NEW-IDEA
MEN'S STORE
115 Main Street, Norwich
READY FOR
HOLIDAY SHOPPERS
Society
GIFTS FOR HIM
From the shop where men come for the fine things in dress
and find them at reasonable prices. Where women buy
ing gifts for men, can find what men want.
CHRISTMAS NECKTIES
Imported and domestic silks, in what We believe to be
the best selected assortment of fine Neckwear in Norwich
65c to $2.50
THE GROUPS OF MERCHANDISE SHOWN HERE
ARE SPECIALS OF EXTRAORDINARY VALUE.
IDE SHIRTS
$1.45 TO $4.00
TUXEDO SILK SHIRTS
$4-95 TO $7.45
FINE IMPORTED WOOL
HOSE 75c TO $2.00
PURE THREAD SILK
HOSE, in five colors
Per Pair 75c
SILK DRESS MUFFLERS
$1.50 TO $4.50
PURE WOOL SWEATERS
$6.50 TO $4.50
FINE UMBRELLAS
$2.50 TO $5.00
FOWNES BUCKSKIN
GLOVES
$4.00 . ,
EXTRA SPECIA L
FOR THE BALANCE OF THIS WEEK
SILK AND WOOL HOSE WITH CLOCKS
SPECIAL 59c
St. Nick Raised Old Nick
When we went into the market for goods to stock this
new Store. "Never met such a close buyer." "No other buyers ask to have
goods made up in special ways." These are a few of the remarks made by
manufacturers. We even took the Xmas spirit out of St. Nick with our bar
gain driving.
But it was all done for you, dear folks. Every dollar
we shaved is a dollar you'll save. The better values we are able to secure, the
better the values you buy for by our cash buying and cash selling, we need
take only a tiny profit for ourselves.
CRISP, FRESH; NEW, STANDARD GOODS
READY FOR YOUR SELECTION
MANHATTAN SHIRTS ' STETSON HATS
COOPER UNDERWEAR PHOENIX HOSE
MEYER'S GLOVES CHENEY NECKWEAR
AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER STANDARD LINES.
Strictly All-Wool, Hand-Tailored Suits and Overcoats
$2li $24.i $27J $32.5 $37J
'TOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU WANT IT"
AND EXCHANGES GLADLY MADE
THINK!
ilaf3 ipl KM3 Cll)
Millie Live s5 tore in -New London and Norwich
jir- 'SuM-af. tiiTa.ii&a