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Eastern times. [volume] (Bath, Me.) 1846-1857, January 01, 1852, Image 1

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A Journal of Political and General News—An Advocate of Equal Rights.
VOL. VI._BATH, MAINE, THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1, 1852._NO. 28.
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MISCELLANY.
Sketch of the Life of Kossuth.
Now that Kossuth is actually in the United
States, it will be interesting to our readers to
have before them a sketch of the chief events
in his life previous to the Hungarian revolution,
by which the source and progress of his influ
ence with his countrymen may be understood.
The following details, (the most complete that
have yet appeared) are deiived from original
and authentic sources .—
In the County of Thuroez, in Hungary, is
the small town of Kossnth-Falva, that is, Kos
suth-ville. This is the old seat of Kossuth's
family, and still in the possession of a branch
of it. The arms of the family bear a ram ram
pant, the ram being in the Hungarian language
“ Kos.” This is mentioned as an answer to
the freqoent allegations that Kossuth is not a
true Hungarian. The family of Kossuth has
been long protestant, and has often adhered to
the prince of Transylvania, in opposition to the
revolutionary attempts ot Austria. The father
of Louis Kossuth was proprietor of a small es
tate in the county of Zemplin. Louis Kossuth
was born at Monok, that county, in the year
1802, and was the only son, having, however,
several sisters. He was educated at the Cal
vinistic college of Patak. He subsequently
entered on the usual practical course of study
for the profession of the law, attended for that
purpose, first, the districtoral court at Eperies,
afterwards the royal court at Pesth. Return
ing home on the completion of these studies,
he was appointed honorary attorney to his na
tive county. He was at this time, however,
more of a sportsman than a lawyer; hut joined
early that party of politics which was opposed
to the centralising policy of Austria. He first
distinguished himself in 1831, during the prev
alence of the cholera, w hen the Slovack peas
ants—imagining themselves poisoned by the
upper classes—murdered their landlords, the
clergy and the Jews. Every one lost his pres
ence of mind. Kossuth almost alone exerted
himself to quell the fearful disturbances. He
went wherever the danger most threatened, and
by his eloquence and the prudent measures he
adopted, succeeded in slaying the disorders and
the panic.
In 1832 he attended the diet as prnry, (ac
cording to the custom of Hungary) for several
peeresses—a position which gave the power to
speak but not to vote. In this capacity he sat
in the diet, and was not present (as has been
represented in order to excite a vulgar preju
dice) as mere attendant clerk to a silting mem
ber. He only spoke once in the diet, and not
in a manner to attract particular attention.—
Though the sittings of the diet were open, the
hall having extensive galleries fur public ac
commodation, the publication of its proceedings
was not then allowed. An official record, pre
pared by a parliamentary committee, was put
forth, indeed ; but so meagre and so late, as to
have little value or interest. Ivussuih saw the
evil, and determined to remedy it. He began
this by a manuscript letter, seut to certain sub
scribers, giving extracts from speeches, togeth
er with the most important documents. After
some lime in 1831, he sought to make this
troublesome and costly news-letter more avail
able to the public by means of a lithographic
press. The Austrian government eudeavored
to prevent this. Kossuth advised with his
friends in the opposition, and it was determin
ed that it would lie unwise, at that moment, to
divert attention from the other highly tnifxir
tant questions then before the diet, by raising
the new question of the liberty of the press.—
The printing-press was abandoned, but the
manuscript news-letter was continued astiefore.
It had between sixty and eighty subscribers,
but it had a far-wider influence than this might
seem to indicate, inasmuch as a copy was tak
en in every one of the fifty-two counties of
Hungary, for the use of a club in each, where
all the must active men frequently met.
In 1836 the diet closed, and a reactionary
movement took place in the government of Vi
enna. Baron Wesselenyi was impeached, and
several distinguished young men were impris
oned on charge of being concerned in a conspi
racy which really never had any existence.
On their trial all judicial forms were violated,
and Kossuth took up the affair on constitution
all grounds but without a successful issue._
After the close of the diet Kossuth continued
to issue his news-letter, devoting it to even
more important purposes than before, namely,
as the means of communication between the
different counties, by recording the proceedings
taken at all the periodical meetings held regu
larly for the purposes of local self-government
in each, and which constituted the sole safe
guard* of the liberties of the country. The
salue of such a work it is impossible to over
estimate. For the first time the real direction
of public opinion in every part was known in
every other. Every question raised in one
part met with sympathies elsewhere. Slum
bering energies were thus awakened, and com
bined action became possible. Kossuth was
felt as a new power in the state. The govern
ment began to fear him, and in 1837 he was
imprisoned on the pretext of treason. The
agitation was great. Ujhazy and many others
were impeached. Kossuth lay long in prison
before trial. In 1838 he was sentenced to four
years imprisonment. The agitation only in
creased. Even the Austrian government saw
)hxt things could not go on thus. The Hun
garian chancellor and the chief justice were at
once removed, and their places filled by more
liberal men.
In 1839 the diet met again. Its first pro
ceedings were bitter complaints of the illegal
proceedings against Wesselenyi and Kossuth,
and against the enoroachmenta made on liberty
of speech. Votes of supplies to the govern,
went were long refused. After a struggle of
a whole year they were granted, and next day
an amnesty was published for Kossuth and all
political prisoners. This occurred in May,
1840, and shortly afterwards Kossuth mar
ried.
On the first of January, 1841, was published
the Pesti Her fop, a journal of which Kossuth
was editor. This paper had an enormous cir
culation, and made Kossuth the leading man
on every important subject. It went on till
the middle of 1844. In that year the semi
liberal men of '38 were replaced by tools of
Austrian centralization. By intrigues Kos
suth was ousted from the editorship of the
Pcsti Herfop, after having held that post for
three and a half years. He then devoted his
attention principally to the reform of the town
municipalities, which Austrian intrigues had
contrived to make into little better than sub
servient tools; to the emancipation of the
peasants from the remains of feudalism; and
to economical questions. He took an active
part in practical measures to resist the narrow
system of the Austrian tariff, by which it was
sought to benefit Austria and injure Hungary,
through the prohibition of the importation into
Hungary of any foreign wares, except those of
Austria, and forbidding at the same time the
exportation of any wares from Hungary into
Austria.
The object of the “ Vedegylet” was to unite
in the determination to use and wear no Aus
trian goods, and so to compel the adoption of a
more liberal system. This association was
formed in 1844. As many as 80,000 members
joined it, and the results were of great impor
tance. Austrian manufacturers were obliged
in self defence, to establish works in Hungary,
and the government of Austria became greatly
alarmed.
In 1840, it sought to take effectual measures
for destroying that spirit uf independence in
Hungary, which had so long and successfully
resisted Austrian encroachments. Steps were
therefore taken to undermine the county muni
cipalities by the appointment of paid royal
commissioners instead of the old and constitu
tional system of lord-lieutenant. But such at
tempts only roused the whole country the more.
The opposition leaders, from all parts of the
country, held public meetings at Pesth, under
the chairmanship of Count Louis Batihyani,
during the time of all the great quarterly fairs
through 46 and ’47, till the next Diet met.—
At these meetings all important questions were
fully discussed by the ablest men in Hungary,
as it was at these meetings that Kossuth deliv
ered several of his ablest speeches. They
were not inass meetings, hut meetings of the
choice men from all pans ; io fact, rather del
egate meetings than anything else. The
speeches, therefore, were not popular appeals,
but closely argumentative expositions.
In the beginning of 1847, the old palatine,
Joseph, died, 'lowards the close of the year,
Nov., the Diet met. Meantime the program
me of the opposition had been drawn op and
published—a fact of much importance to he re
membered, inasmuch as all the main objects
afterwards insisted on were included in this
programme, and were in nowise dependent
either for the idea of them or their being car
ried out, as has been industriously represented,
on the events of the French revolution of the
following year. To the Diet which met in
Nov., 1847, Kossuth was tor the first time ad
mitted a member. Count Louis Baiihyani
knew and recognized his exiraordinajy merits,
and used all his efforts to secure Itis election
for the comity of Pesth. The government of
\ ienna, on the other hand, employed every
means to prevent his election, but in vain. At
the suggestion of Kossuth, the Archduke Ste
phen was elected palatine. And now began
ill the Diet a hard struggle—the first matter of
complaint being the encroachments of the court
of Vienna on the county municipalities. The
opposition parly strengthened bv the feeling
thus raised.
Several of the measures of this programme
were carried before the French revolution w as
dreamed of. Among these was a hill abolish
ing the immunity of the nobles from taxation,
and a resolution abolishing the remaining feu
dal services of the peasants. Both these pass
ed very much through the able advocacy of
Kossuth. The details of both remained to lie
carried out when the news ot the Paris revolu
tion arrived. Both were then before the up
per house, having already passed the lower.—
On the 4th of March, Kossuth made the great
and statesmanlike speech in which he declared
that despotism in Austria and constitutionalism
in Hungary could not exist side by side ; and
lhat the only security for Hungary against fur
ther encroachments of the kind she had suffer
ed so much from, lay in the restoration to the
provinces of Austria of the constitutions which
they had lost during the 30 years’ war.
The revolution in Vienna took place on the
13lh of March. Melternich fled, and a consti
tution was promised for Austria. Hungary
could no longer be made the victim of central
boards influenced from Vienna. A constitn
tiunaj,.ministry was named for Austria; and,
of course, an independent ministry was neces
sary for Hungary. It whs intrusted to Count
Louis Balthyani to form that ministry. Kos
suth was named by him minister of finance.-^
The appointment was confirmed by the empe
ror, and Kossuth's acceptance of it was entreat
ed by the Palatine Archduke Stephen himself,
as Baiihyani expressly declared that without
Kossuth it would be impossible to furm a min
istry.
The rest—beginning with the treacherous
insurrection of the Serbs and invasion by the
Croats (alikeat the instigation of Austria) and
ending with the invasion of Russia, and the
treason of Georgey, and the surrender at Vil*
lagos—is too well known to need repetition
here.”
The McDonough Will. The Baltimore
American learns from an authentic source,
lhat the will of the late John McDonough, of
New Orleans, has boen submitted to M. Rose
lins, the chairman of his Executors, to Giraod,
Marcade, Coin Delisle, Moulton, and Delan
gle, perhaps the five ablest jurisconsults of
Paris, who have unanimously pronounced an
unreserved opinion in favor of the validity of
the will, and also expressed an unequivocal
opinion against the suits brought by the States
of Maryland and Louisiana. This is of the
first moment in this important oase, ax the suite
to text the validity of ihe testament, must be
decided according to the civil law. The opinion
will seen arrive in this oountry in printed feint.
Tragical Encounter with
Wolves.
For the purpose of entrapping his nocturnal
visitors, a farmer placed the dead body of a
horse in the middle of his court-yard, and hav
ing fastened weights to its neck and legs, to
prevent the wolves from dragging it away, he
set the principal gale open, hut so arranged
with cords and pulleys that it could be closed
at any required moment. Night came on ; the
bouse was shut up, the candles extinguished,
the stables barricaded, the dogs brought in
doors and muzzled to prevent them from bark
ing, and in the bright starlight, on 3ome clean
straw, the better to attract attention, lay the
dead body of the colt, the gate, as we have
said, being open. All was ready, all within
on the watch, when about ten o'clock the
wolves were heard in the distance, they ap
proached, smelt, looked, listened, grumbled,
and distrusting the open gale, paused ; not
; one would enter. Profound was the silence
and excitement in the house. Hunger at last
| overcame prudence and mistrust. Their sav
j age cries were renewed ; they became more
and more impatient and exasperated ; how was
it possible to resist a piece of young horse
j flesh I The most forward, probably the cap
j lain of the band, could hold out no longer, and
I to show his fellows he was worthy to be their
I leader, he advanced alone, passed the Rubicon,
went up to the colt, tore away a large piece of
his chest, and proud of his achievement, set off
at full speed with his booty between his teeth.
The other wolves, seeing him escape in safe
ty, regained their confidence, and one, two,
three, six, eight wolves were soon gathered
round the animal, but though eating as fast as
they could, they remained with ears erect, and
each eye still on the gate. Eight wolves! —
The farmer thought it a respectable number,
and whistled, when the four men at the ropes
hauling instantly, the large folding gates rolled
to, and closed in the stillness with the voice
of thunder; the wolves were prisoners.—
Startled and terrified at finding themselves
caught, they at once deserted the small re- j
mains of the colt, creeping about in all direc- !
lions in search of some outlet by which they
might escape, or some hole to lade in, w hile
the farmer, having secured them, sent his
household to bed. miltimr off their destruction
till sunrise.
The morning dawned, and with the first rays
of light, master and man, for whom the event
was a perfect fete, set some ladders against the
walls of the court, and from them, as well as
the windows, fired volleys on the entrapped
wolves. Unable to resist, the animals for some
time hurried hither and thither, crouching in ;
every nook and corner of the yard ; but the 1
wounds from balls which reached them behind i
the stones, or under the carts, soon turned j
their fear into rage. They began to make
alarming leaps, and the most dreadful yells.— !
The work of destruction went on but slowly, I
the men were but indifferent shots, (lie wolves
never an instant at rest; and the rapidity and |
perseverance with which they continued to gal- j
lop around, or leap from side to side of the
yard, as if in a cage, essentially baffled the en
deavors of their enemies. The affair was in i
this way becoming tedious, when an unlooked
for misfortune threw a dreadful gloom over the
whole scene. The ladJer used by one of the
parly being too short, the young man placed
himself tin the wall, as if in a saddle, to have
a better opportunity of taking aim ; when one
; of the wolves, the largest, strongest and most
; exasperated, suddenly hounded at the wall, as
[ if to clear it, but failed; subsequently, the
animal attempted to climb up by means of the
unhewn stones, like a cat, and though lie again
failed, reached high enough almost to seize'
with his sharp teeth the foot of the unfortunate
lad. Terrified at this he raised his leg to
avoid the brute, lost bis balance, and the same
moment fell with a heart-rending scream into
the court below. Each and all the wolves
turned like lightning on llteir helpless victim,
and a cry ot horror was heard on every side.
The storm of leaden hail ceased ; no man
dared fire again, and yet something must he
done, for the monsters were devouring their
unhappy fellow servant. Listening only to
the dictates of humanity, the noble-hearted
farmer, gun in hand, leaped at once in'o the
yard, and his men all followed his heroic ex
ample. A general and frightful conflict en
sued. The scene which then took place defies
every attempt at description. No pen could
adequately place before the reader the awful
incidents that succeeded. He must, if he can,
imagine the how ling of the wolves, the piteous
cries of the lacerated and dying youth, the im
precations of the men, the neighing of the
horses and roaring of the hulls in the stables;
and more than all, the crying and lamenta
tions of the women and children in the house,
a fearful chorus, such as happily few, very
few persons were ever doomed to hear. At
last the farmer's wife, a powerful and resolute
woman, with great presence of mind, unmuz
zled the dogs, and threw them from a window
into the yard. Thia most useful reinforcement
| with their vigorous attacks and loud harking,
completed the tumult and the tragedy. In
twenty minutes the eight wolves were dead ;
■ and with them half the faithful dogs. The
poor unfortunate lad, his throat lorn open, was
dead ; his courageous though successful de
fenders were all more or less wounded, and
the gallant farmer's left hand so injured, that
at soon as surgical assistance could be pro
cured for hint, amputation was found to he
necessary. The monsters, stretched side by
side in the yard, were also dead, every one of
them ; but not a voice on the farm raised the
heart-stirring shout of victory. Consternation
and gloom reigned over it, and it was long in^
deed, ere the voice of mourning deserted its
walla.
Wolf hunting with traps has its dangers and
its inconveniences, and the Tranquenard must
be used with great caution. Every morning it
should be visited and shut; otherwise a man,
a horse, a dog, or some other animal, may fall
i into it and be taken. In order, therefore, as
much as possible to prevent accidents, our
peasants, farmers and poachers, when using
this kind of trap, always tie stones, or littls
I pisggs pf destj wqod tp thd and brsnsh
es of the trees near the spot in which it is set; I
they likewise place the same kind of signal at
the extremity of the pathway, which leads to
the trap, as a warning to those who may walk
that way ; and the peasants who know what
these signals dancing in the air with every puff
of wind mean, turn aside, and take very good
care how they proceed on their road. In spite
of all these precautions, however, very ead oc
currences will sometimes happen in our for
ests. Some years ago a trap was placed in a
deserted fool way, and the usual precautions
were taken of hanging stones and bits of wood
in the approach to the path of either end.—
The same day a young man of the neighbor
hood, full of love and imprudence, upon the eve
in fact, of being entangled in the conjugal ‘I
will,’ anxious to present to his fiance, some tur
tle-doves and pigeons with rosy beaks, with
whose whereabouts he was acquainted, left his
home a little before sunset to surprise the birds
on their nest; but he was late, the night closed
in rapidly, and with the intention of shortening
the road, instead of following the beaten one,
he took his way across the forest. Without
in the least heeding the brambles and bushes,
which caught his legs, or the. ditches and
streams he was obliged to cross, he pressed
on ; and after a continued and sanguinary bat
tle with the thorns, the stumps, the roots, and
the long wild roses came exactly on the path
where the trap was set. The night was now
nearly dark, and in his agitation and hurry,
thinking only of his doves and the loved one,
he failed to observe that several little pieces
of string were swinging to and fro in the breeze
from the branches of a thicket near him.—
Dreadful indeed was it for him that he did not;
for suddenly he felt a terrible shock, accom
panied by most intense pain, the bones of his
leg being apparently crushed to pieces—he
was caught in the wolf trap !
The first few moments of pain and suffering
over, comprehending at once the danger of his
position, he with great presence of mind col
lected all the strength lie had, and by a deter
mined effort endeavored to open the serated (
jaws which held him fast; hut though despair
is said to double the strength of a man, the
trap refused to give up its prey; and as at the
least movement the iron teeth buried them
selves deeper and deeper with agonizing pain
into his leg, and grated nearly on the hone, his
sufferings became so intense that in a very few
nO..............I f_ _1.:. . _
attempts to release himself. Keeling this to
he the case, he began to shout for help, but
no one replied ; and as the night drew on he
was silent, fearing that his cries would attract
the notice of some of the wclves that might he
prowling in the neighborhood, and resolved to
wait patiently and with fortitude what fate
w illed—what he could not avert. Jle had un
der his coat a little hatchet, a weapon which
the Morviniati3 constantly carry about with
them, and thus in the event of his being at
tacked by the dreaded animals, he trusted to it
to defend himself; but he was still not without
hope that the wolves would not make their
appearance. The night lengthened ; the moon
rose, and shed her pale light over the forest.—
Immovable, with eyes and ears on the <[VI rice,
his body jo the most dreadful agony, be lis
ened and wailed ; when all at once, far, very
far off a confused murmur of indistinct sound
was beard. Approaching with rapidity these
murmurs became cries and yells; they were
llmse of wolves, and not only wolves, but
wolves on the track, which must, ere a few
minutes cuiild elapse, be upon him. A pang
ol horror, and a cold perspiration poured from
bis face ; hut fear was nut a part of his nature,
and by almost superhuman efforts, and in such
an awful mument forgetting all pain, be
dragged himself and the trap tow ards an oak
tree, against w hich he placed his back.
Here, leaning with his left hand upon a stout
staff lie had with him when he fell, and having
in iiis right It is hatchet ready to strike, the
young man, lull of courage, after having of
fered up a short prayer to bis God, and em
braced, as it were, in his mind his poor old
mother and his bride, awaited the horrible re
sult determined to show himself a true child of
I the forest, and meet his fate like a tnan. A
few minutes more and he was as if surrounded
by a cordon of yellow flames which like so
many \\ ill-'u-the-whisps, danced about in all
directions, i liese were the eyes of the mon
sters; the animals themselves, which he could
not see, sent forth their horrible yells, full in
his face, and the smell of their horrid carcasses
was borne to him on the wind. Alas! the de
nouement of the tragedy approached. The
wolves had hit upon the scenled lino of earth,
and billowing it, hungry and enraged, were
bounding here and there, and exciting each
other. They had arrived at the baited spot. *
* * *
What passed after this no one can tell; no
eye shiv hut Hia above ; bur on the following
illuming when the Pere Seguin, for he wns
the ilufurtuuale person who set tlie Trani/ue
nard, came to examine it, lie found tlie trap
at tlie foot of the oak, deluged with blond,
tiie bone of a liuntan leg upright between the
iron,teeth, and all around scattered itlioin the
turf and the path, a quantity of human re
mains; lii's of Imir, holies, red and moist, ns
if the flesh had been but recently torn from
them ; shreds of n coat, and other articles of
clothing were also discovered near ttie spot.
With the atsistance of some dogs that were
put on the scent, three wolves, their beads
and liodtrs cut open with a hatchet, were
found tiding in the adjacent thickets. The
bones of their victim Were carried to the
nearest church ; and on the following day,
these mournful fragments, which bad only a
few hours before been full of life and youth,
were Committed to the earth.—from Henri
de Cngndle's Lt MorvOn.
Ravages of the Cholera.—Accounts from Ja
maica to Nov. 20, received by the steamer
Merlin, at Halifax from Bermuda, report that
the cholera was again raging in that ill-fated
island with great severity. In some planta
tions the deaths were from thirty to forty per
day, and in consequence mercantile business
was materially interrupted. The English gov
ernor of Jamaica and the assembly were at va
riance, and the message of the former to the
latter was received with murmurs of disappro
bation.
Abstract of the Report of the
War Department.
The Secretary of Wnr, in his mount re
port of the affairs of that Department, makes
the entire number of men home on the army
rolls amount to 10,533; which,after making
the usual deductions, will give an effective
force of 8,500 men, whn have to defend a
frontlet ol seven thousand miles in extent. !
From statements carefully prepared by the
different bureaus of the Department, it ap
pears that the in reased expenditures in the
army resulting from our newly acquired ter
ritory. (including Texas.) amounted to $4,
550709.75.
The expenditures for the support of the
army lor the fiscal year ending 30'h June
Iasi, were $9,060,268 53
The estimates for the next
year, ure 7,898,775 83
Showing a reduction of $1,161,492 75
The hulk of our army force is stationed
on the frontiers of Texas anil New Mexico,
with small forces in Oregon, Caltlnmin, ice.,
to keep in stdjertiou the Indian tribes. The
Secretary snys that experience has shown
that the most effectual way to protect our
settlements is to overawe the Indians by a
constant display of military force in their
immediate neighborhood. With ibis view
the tumps have been ordered to advance as
near as circumstances would permit. A
chain of military posts on the frontiers of
I’exas anil New Mexico has been established
with the view of protecting the route to Cal
ifornia in that quarter.
The Secretary adverts to the enormous
expenses of supporting the army, and the
causes which produce those expenses.—
Among the more prominent of the causes, is
the circumstance that more than otic Itali of
the army is stationed on our remote fron
tiers, and so far as expenses are conreineed
may he ronstderetl as an active service in
time ol war;—and the heavy cost of trans
portation ol supplies to distant wilderness
regions.
A number of arsenals, once needed, nre
now entirely useless, and authority is asked
to enable die Executive to abolish the.e es
tablishments.
The Secretary presses a previous recom
mendation, Ibal the Department be atidioi
\z il to enlist teamsters.
The removal ol obstructions to ihe navi
gation of Red river and the Rio Grande
would greatly reduce the expense, he says,
of supplying ninny of the posts in Texas
and New Mexico, by diminishing the amount
of land transportations.
lie says the expenditures of the army will
always be ennrmiiu*, so long as a large por
tion of it is stationed oil the frontier; anil to
ibis end be recommends dint every facility
anil encouragement be afforded to tltelor
itMiiuu of a local militia in our new settle
ments, ami that arms be distributed among
rlie iiilialmsints
In regard to our future policy for die pre
vention of Indian hostilities, the Secretary
remarks that, policy and humanity require
tha; we should employ some oilier means of
pitting n stop to these depredations ttinn the
terror of our arms; und to this effort he re
commends conciliatory measures. Despair
and hunger frequently operate on the Indi
ans. The lands that afford nourishment to
cattle and gaum are the first to tempt the
settler; so that the Indians are frequently
driven into the arid plums and frrniittaiiis
ihat afford no sustenance, with (lie circle of
white population rapidly closing around
them — and particularly is (his the case in
Texas, since the right of occupancy by the
Indians is not recognized hy tip State.—
This policy it is that alarms and exasperates
the Indians, and brings on collisions between
them and ihe whites. The Secretary sug
gests that it is to the advantage of Texas
herself, ns well as (lie United States, that
these Indians should he Icll in possession of
a small part ol tier territory; and he recom
mends that food and other necessaries be
furnished them for a seiies of years.
The Florida Indians hate heen placed un
der the charge ot the Secretary of the Inte
rior.
The Military Academy, the Armories ai
Springfield and Harpers’ Ferry, the opera
lions of the Bureau of Topographical Engi
neers, the Survey of the Northern Lakes,
ill it of the Creek boundary, and that 01 the
Delta of the Mississippi, and the expeditious
to Salt Lake and to S into Fe, are briefly no
ticed and favorably commented on.
The Seciemry announces that the Board
appointed tor that purpose have determined
on a she in the vicinity of Washington for
an asylum for disabled and destitute soldiers,
that the terms of the purchase have heen
agreed on ; and that, as soon ns the titles
shall have heen examined and approved, the
agreement will he carried into effect.
He suggests tl e expediency of creating a
retired list of di-nhled officers.
lie recommends that the act which allows
a small additional p«y to officers and soldiers
in California and Oregon, he continue I in
lorre. ami that it include also New Mexico.
He conclude* hy recommending u system
of equalizing the distribution of arms to the
rmli'ia of ilie several St »tes, on a basis de
rived from the latest census returns.
Report of the Sec. of Interior.
From til's report we learn that the whole
number of pensioners, now on I lie rolls at
Pension olfiee, is 19,611, ami that lire nnioimi
expended for pensions, exclusive ol naval
pensions, was ahnoi $1,439,848; up 10 ihe
lsi of Ocioiier. Under liie revolutionary
pension act rtf March, 1819, 1 383 remain on
the rolls, under lire act ol June, 1832, 4 S13
now remain. Willi regard to ihe pensions
of willows of revolutionary soldiers, only
2,774 remain on the rolls. The Secretary
says lhat time is fast removing llic-e venera
ble objects ol* oaiionul gratitude and uiitnil
icenre.
Tbe number of invalid pensioners is 5.359,
and 1,750 persons are drawing in Conse
quence of the loss of relmives, during ihe
Mexican war. The nasiregaie amnion re
quired to pay the various navy pensioners
now no the roll is $147,364,96. lliere nre
still 450 suspended claims ol soldiers of the
war nl 1312 to be examined. There have
heen 90,146 applications for laud or scrip un
der the Mexican Bounty act, of which 83,
955 rlniins have heen allowed, mid 6,191
eases remnin suspended. The quantity of
hind sold during the fiscal year was 1.846,
847 49-100 acres, for which $2 370.947 45
wns received. He esiitriates lliui ihe ex
penses of appropriations for Ihe rtd men of
the forest will be $1,068,198 30 less lor tbe
next than this year. The census returns
have been received from all the States and
Territories except California. The Secie
tary aguin recoin mends the establishment of
an Agricultural Bureau, and likewi-e stntes
that it would be impossible to complete the
running of the Mexican Boundary line with
in the time specified by law. Tbe estimates
of appropriations for the expenditure ol the
Department for the next year nre less than
those for tbe present year by $1,536,695 43.
• I* your name registered ?* ssked an elec»
tioneer of a gentlemen whom be met the
other day.
* No, my name ia Smith, air,’ waa the an
swer.
Aunt Hetty’s Idea of
Matrimony.
Now, girls, said Aunt Hetty, put down
yuur embroidery and worsted work, do
something sensible, and stop building air
castles, and talking of lovers and liotiey
moons; it mako me sick, it makes me taint,
it's peifectlv antintonial. Love is a larce —
matrimony is a humbug, husbands are do
mestic Napoleons, Neios, Alexanders, sigh
ing Icr oilier hearts to conquer niter they ..re
sure of yours. The honey-moon is as short
lived as a Lucifer match ; after that, you
mny wear your wedding dress at ihe wash
mb, and your night cap (o meeting, and your
husband wouldn’t know it. You may pick
up yuur own pocket handkerchief, help your
self 10 a chair, and spin your gown across
the hack, reaching over ltie table to get a
piece of butter, while he is laying in Ins
breakfast ns if n was the Inst meal he should
eat tins side ul Jordan ; when lie gels through
lie will aid your digestion—( Wide you are
sipping your first cup of coffee,) by enquir
ing' wlmt you’ll have for dinner, whether ihe
cold lamb was all ale yesterday, il the char
coal is oin, and what you gave for the last
green ten you bought. 'I lien he gets up
from llie table, lights his cigar with the last
evening’s paper lliut you have not had a
chance to rend; gives two or three whiffs ul
smoke, Mire lo give you a headache lor the
lorenoon, and jusi as his coin tail is vanish
ing through the door, apologizes lor not do
ing‘dial errand for you yesterday — dunks ii
doiihdtd if he can to-dny—‘so pleased wuh
business.’ Hear of him at 11 o’clock taking
an ice cream with some ladies at Viuiuu’s,
while you are at home new lining Ins coal
sleeves. Children by dm ears nil day, can’t
get oui to take die air, feel ns crazy as a H
in a drum ; husband comes home al night,
nods a ‘how d'ye do Fan,' boxes Charley's
ears, stands III lie Funny up in dm corner,
ails down in the easiest chair, ill die warm
est corner, puis Ins feet up over die grate,
shutting out all the fire, while die baby’s little
pug nose grows blue wnh the cold: reads
the newspapers all to himself, soLces die in
ner limn with n hot cup of ten. and just as
you are laboring tinder the hi llueinalnm that
he will ask you to take a inondi ul of Ireali
air with him, he pots on his dressing gown
nod slippers and begins to reckon up the
family expenses, after which he lies down on
the sofa, and yott keep tune with your nee -le
while he snores till nine o'clock. Next
morning, ask him 10 leave yon a little money,
he looks nt y ou an if to he sure you are in
your right timid, draws a sigh long enough
and strong enough to inflate a pair of hel
l..ns, and asks you what you want of h. am)
il half a dollar won't do. Gracious king ! as
if those little shoes and stockings, and pina
fores ami petticoats, could he had for half
a dollar! Oh, girls! set your affections on
cats, poodles, parrots or lap dogs—hut let
: matrimony alone. It's the hardest way on
earth of gelling a living —you never know
when your work is done up. Think of car
rying eight or nine children through the
measles, chicken pox, rash, mumps and scar
let fever, some of ’em twice over; it makes
my sides ache to think of it. Oh, you may
scrimp, and save, and twist and turn, and
dig mid delve, and economize anil die.
and your husband will marry again, take
wliai you’ve saved, to dress Ins second wile
with, and she’ll take yuur portrait for a fiie
hoanl, and—hut whin's the use of talking!
I’ll warrant every one of you'll try it, the
first chance you get; there’s a sor: cl be
witchment about ii, somehow. I wish one
half of the world warn’t fools, nod t’other
half idiots, I do, Oh, dear! Fas.xy Fhes.
Playfulness of Animals.
Sm.iil bird? chase each oilier about in play,
but perhaps the conduct of the crane and
trumpeter (l*aopbir crepitans) is the mosi
extraordinary. The latter stands on one leg,
hups nriotit in the most eccentiic ruannei,
anti thrown somersets. The Americans cal.
it the mad bird, on accotmt of tliete singu
larities. The crane expands Ins wings, runs
round in circles, leaps, and, throwing hide
stones and pieces of wood hi tlie air. endea
vors to catch them nsum, or pretends to
avoid them, ns if afraid. Water birds, Midi
as ducks and geese, dive alter each oilier,
and cleave the surface of the water with
outstretched neck and flapping wings,throw
ing mi abundant spray arouurti
Deer often engage in a sham brittle on a
trial of strength, by twisting their horns to
gether and pushing lor the mastery. All an
nuals t>>ai pretend violence in their play s*op
short of exercising it; the dog takes great
precaution not to injure by hi" hue; and tbr
ourang outang. in wrestling with his keeper
attempts to throw him and makes feints of
biting Inin. Some animals curry «»ut in the.r
play the semblance of catching their prey ;—
voting cats, for instance, leap after every
small and moving object, even to the leaves
strewed by the atittiniii wind; they crouch
and steal forward realty lor the spring; the
body quivering and the fail vibrating with
emotion, they bound on the moving leal,amt
again spring forward at aimiber Rengger
saw young jnguars and cti.imrs playing with
round stili"iauces like kiitens.
Young lambs collect together on the little
hillocks and eminences in their pastures rn*
eiug and sporting with each other in tbe most
iu erestmg manner.
Rods ot the pie kind are the analogues td
monkeys, full of mischief. play and mimicry.
Theie is a story told of a tame magpie, who
was seen busily employed m n garden gath
ering pebbles, and with iiiudi solemnity and
a s'udied air dropping them in h bide about
e:ghleen inches deep, made to receive a po-t.
Alter dropping each stone, it cried currack !
triumphantly and set oft tor another. On
examining the spot, n poor toad .was found
in ihe hole, which the magpie was stoning
lor his amusement.
Hon. Shepard Cary upon his
Farm.
The editor of tbe Maine Farmer, in his
jottings of a tour to Aroostook county, des
cribes a visit to Hon. Shepard Cury, ol Houl
ton, as follows :—
“ We cnlled a few moments on the Hon.
Shepard Cary. Everybody in Maine knows
friend Cary, not only as an active, enterpris
ing business man, hut as an ardent politi
cian. Some think him ‘ultra' on some sub
jects_he that as it may, there is this redeem
ing merit in his composition: you always
know whereto find, him, as lie is frank and
free in avowing his prinrip es and ilefendiiig
them ‘ to the hat's end,’ hit or iniss. One
thing is certain, he goes tlie 'whole hog' in
pork raising. He invited us to take h snort
ride with him in order to meet a lot of live
lard in ihe shape of between twenty and
thirty enormously fat hogs, that some of Ins
men were driving from liie neighborhood of
his mill to the slaughter house. They were
fully equal in size and tamess lothe herd we
described not lung ago, ihal we examined in
Saco, belonging to Mr. E. A. Beach, which
Were so fill he couldn’t move them, lest they
should ‘Isrd the lean earth,1 ss they wvni
along. Indeed, s. m* ol these were so fat
that s gentle snsil pace of a walk of i mile
or two heat them out, and they had to be
left on (he way to rest till next day, and
thus meet thoir fate by ‘easy stages.’ These
wete nlf fattened on buckwheat meal. Mr.
C. having a large amount of this specie* of
gram, taken hy way of toll in his mill, ob
tained some sixty or seventy hogs, and was
dots turning it in into a cash article, in the
form of extra clear pork.
. '11 tuiiituoii to extensive Irrmbering opera
tions, which |ie conducts in connection with
partners, he also carries on farming pretty
largely, the produce of which affords a portion
of the supplies used by bis men in the forest.
In regard to the cultivation of whent he re
marked to us that he could raise the crop of
an aero of that grain wiih less Mmr, mid of
course cheaper, (ban be coiilil raise lhe crop
ol an acre of potatoes. His reasoning is
this: it costs no more time nud labor to
plough the ground—it is lees labor 10 sow
and harrow 11—it does not need one or iwo
hoeiags as potatoes do—it is less labor to
harvest and ihrasli it than it is to dig and
house ilie potatoes.”
Hints to Public Speakers.
It is a curious fact in the history of sound
(hat the loudest noisos always perish on the
spot where they are produced, whereas mu
sical notes will lie heard ai a great distance.
Thus, if we approach within a mile or two
ol n town or village in which a fair is field,
we may hear very Inintly the clamor of the
iiiHl.iimle, Inn more distinctly the organs and
other musical iiiatriimeuts which are playod
for tlieir amusement. If a Cremona violin,
a real Amali, lie played ny the side of a mod
ern fiddle, the latter will sound much louder
than the former; but the sweet, brilliant
tune ol the Amali will lie heard nl a distance
the other cannot reach. Dr. Young, on ilia
authority ul Durham, states that at Gihraller
the humnn voice may be heard at a greater
distance than that of any other animal.—
Tims when the cottager in the woods or the
open plain wishes to call her hits’ and who
is working at a distance, she dors nol shout,
hm pitches her voice ton musical key, which
she knows from liatiil, and hy that means
reaches Ins ear. The loudest runr of tlie
large-t lion could nut penetrate »o far. Loud
speakers are seldom heard 10 advantage.—
Burke’s voice is said to have been a sort of
lofty cry, wlucli tended ns much as the for
mality of Ins diwouise lit ihe House ol Com
mons In vend lire rneiiilrers to their dinner.
Chatham * lowest whisper was distinctly
heard. * Mix mildest tones were sweet, rich
and beaniil'ully varied,’ lays a writer, de«
crihi.,g the orator ; ‘when lie raises Ids voice
to the highest pitch the house was complete
ly filled wiih ihe volume of sound; and the
effect was awful, except when he wished to
cheer or nnimaie—and then he had spirit
stirring notes which were perlectly irresisti
ble. The terrible, however, was bis pecu
liar power. Then the house sank belore
him; still lie was dignified, anil wonderful
as was his eloquence, it was aileaded vviili
this important effect, that it possessed every
one with a conviction that there was some
thing in him finer than Ins words ; that thu
man was greater, infinitely greater, than the
orator.’
American Ship Building;
The foHowing is the acknowledgement'
made by Wilson Green, Esq., at the dinner
on hoard I lie packet ship Griat Western, giv
en on Tuesday, July 29, 1S51, in answer to
the toast:—• The Liverpool Shipbuilders.’—
After spraking of ship bin ding generally,
and what could be done in America, Mr.
Green said;—
That the Americans had advantages that
he did not possess in England, and it must
lie acknowledged that their ships arc amongst
ihe noblest specimens of naval architecture,
and cotiiil not lie rivalled. He ihimglit, how
ever, that it in Liverpool ive had the ad van
tages which ihev have in America, we miglit
compete wiili them ; lie would not sayt iB it
they could not beat us, but we should first
have a trial, lie would sav this, that'ill al
most everything connected with ships-, the
Americans were leading us. [Hear.] They
had a class of steamers which came here
from the United Slates. Now, as a ship
builder, and one acquainted with building
large steamers, he did not hesiinte 10 say
tilers were not finer or better Imili vessels
ilmu tbe American steamers. [Hear, hear.]
The Atlantic had sustained a succession of
severe gales which few ships could have
withstood, and when she was examined in
the dry dock at this port, there was not the
slightest appearance of any strain. She ex
tiilmed wliai tin never saw before. It is well
known that ships of war invariably set'led
about five inches; but ilie Aihinlic did not
vary an-inch ami a half. [Hear, hear.] —
There wa- not a frigate in the English navy
tlmi would nut sink five inches. The sink
ing was shown by the copper, hut there was
ooi :he sligliest abrasion in the All lime.—
lie Imped we should go on with America in
j spirii of liuoeai rivalry, and he begged to pro*
j pose a* a toast, ‘The Shipbuilders ot the
j United Stales of America. [Cheers.]
| The Great Telegraph Case.—The Wash
■ ington Telegraph states that the great tele
j graph case between the Haiti and Morse par
i ties, it is said, has been finally ami amicably
i adjusted by compromise, which will prevent
j its being carired to the Supreme Court. It
; adds—
‘ The Bain party have agreed to amalgamate
interests with the Morse or magnetic line, ex
tending from Washington to New York.—
Thay have consented to allow a per rentage on
their profits and receipts for the use of ihe
Morse patent, thus substantially giving up fur
ther contention, ami acknowledging their in
vention to be an infringement. The interests
of both lines will henceforth he as one though
they will he kept separaie and distinct lines, as
heretofore. This w ill have rather a dispiriting
effe-’t on the owners of other lines ot telegraph
in the United States constructed upon the
Bain patent.”
How the Bushman obtains Ostriches.
A favorite method adopted by the wild bush
man for approaching the ostrich and otnar
varieties of game, is 10 clothe liiiu-ell In the
skin of one of the lords, in winch, taking
care of the wind, he stalks about the plain,
cunningly imiiniing the gau and nituititis of
tbe ostrich iiiuil within range When, with a
well directed poisoned airow from his liny
linw, he ran generally senl the line of any ol
I the ordinary vaiietirs of game. These in
significant looking arrows nre about two leet
six inches in length; they consist of a slrn
d r reed, with n sharp hone head, thorough
ly poisoned willi a composition,of winch the
principal ingredients are obtained sometimes
from a succulent herb having thick leaves
yielding u poisonous milkv juice, and some
times Ironi ihe jaws of snakes. The bow
rarely exceeds three feet in lengtli ; its
siring! are of twisted sinews. When a
hiisiiinnn finds an osnicli’s nest, he ensconc
es himself in it, and there awniis the return
of the old birds, by which menns he general
ly secures the pair. It is by ineHiis of these
little srrows that the majority of the fine
plumes are obtained which grace the heads
of the fair ihiougbout the civilized world.
Black Noses.—A resolution has been in
troduced imo die Kentucky Legislature,
which provides ‘ that the keeper of the Peni
tentiary shall procure a suitable chemical
dye, such ns will slain the cuticle or outer
surface of the skin perlecily black, so ihut
it cannot he washed olf or in any way lie re
moved, until time shall wear it away, aod
nature furnish a new cuticle or surface; and
that with this dye lie shill have the nose of
each male convict pninted thoroughly black,
ami renew the application ss often as may
he necessary to keep it so, until within one
month of ihe expiration of his sentence,
when it shall lie discontinued, for the pur
pose of permitting nature to restore the
feature to its original bus, preparatory tq
the second sdvept oj itf pwger tllS
world/
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