THE DAILY RECORD-UNION.
BATI-V.IAY .. ...APBIL 22. 1883
Meteorological Observations — Taken at
Each Station at the Same Moment.
SiOHAMKiTO, April 21, 1882— p. M.
I g-3 ff^a? o&f If* Stat« oJ
Places of ob |f ° |~g |*| 2=- the
gervation. | » . !§•§; ? ■£§ 33" weather
°S,|: rSf-S : Eg : g
Qlympia f. : 9.b6;4<| sj. 8 fresh . l.tti Lt. rain
Portland.... 50 S. 14 Fresh. .02 Lt. rain
Koscburp... s2 S. Light.. .10 Threat's
Red Bluff... 50.3059 8. E. Light Lt. rain
Sicramenw. 57 8.8 Fresh Cloudy
8 Francisco. 30 20 61 W. 22 Brisk Cloudy
Vtaalia.* ... fw..ll|6S Calm. Calm ' lear
Los Angeles. 30.1 r.|o3 Calm. Calm Clear
Ban Di". 30.12|56 EHVB Light.; ;TT. Clear M
Maximum t«nperatere, 67 : minimum, 44.
River above law-water mark, 20 ft. 6 in.
JAil£S A. BAK.WICK,
Sergeant, Si.'oil Corps, U. a A.
..!i?r Probabilities.
Wasuis6Tj:i, April 21st. — Indications (or middle
and nor l^ciSc coist region : Cloudy weather
run. For southern CiHtornia: Fair weather.
&£COaD EDITION.
A second cUtion of the Becord-TJkiok is issued
ach day a; 2 P. si. bringing the Eastern and coast
news up to ilia", Hour. By this arrmgoniLUt the
Recocj- Jmox iaUI present the latest ln'ivs obtain
able at all points tast »nd north of Sacramento.
The regular nsoriiia^ edition of the '•::. ■ ■ ■ i siob
la car;-:.' bj morning tmius, and is ahead of all
compel a= far riorth a3 Chico, on the California
ami Or;. Railroad ; west to Benicia, and south to
Btocktoi - and east to Colfax, Folsoui and Placer
ville and all intermediate places
THE WEEKLY UNION
la a paper of special value. It is issued in scmi
weekly parts, each of tight pages, an. l api>ears
Wednesdays an.l Saturdays. It is thus Hie Ireshost
weekly paper on the coast, and the only one wi*ich
gocsoul to its readers twice a week. The family,
the farm the miner's camp, the country home, can
have no more thoroughly valuable Journal than the
Weekly ll.vjo.v, a;id for these reasons: It is a com
plete news and home per ; it ia a reliable business
journal; it is- a fearless and impartial critic; it is
thoroughly devoted to the best interests of the State
and the people ; it ia constant in its information
upon art, mechanic?, agriculture, horticulture, min
ing, viticulture, education, popular science, market
reports, etc., and is unsurpassed for its news facili
ties, avai ,as It docs of the best telegraphic and
other news pi-tl.eriDj mediums of the world. It i 9
c'laste in character, elevated in tone, scholarly in
diction, and clear, logical and unmistakable in its
criticisms and editorials. It is mailed to any ad
dress for -.' 50 per year.
THIS MORNING'S NEWS.
In New York Government bonds are quoted at
I2IJ for 430f 1307;lltf;-fur4Js;10i; for3Js; ster
ling, $4 b7J(ft4 90 ; silver bars, 114 J.
Silver in London, 52Jd ; consols, 10111-16 d; 5
per cent. United States bonds, extended, 103} ; 4s,
123] ; 4}s, US.
In San Francisco hall doi'ari are quoted at i dis
count, to par ; Slexicon dollars. 01S<91} cents.
Mining stocks were fairly active in San Francisco
yesterday morning-, but generally at lower prices.
There \v .is more \iudiness at the [normal than on
the re) ill 11 call.
Henry Malrolru was found dead in his be I at Wat-
Bonville, SiutaCrui county, yesterday mi riling.
Accounts of the devastation and death caused by
the. recent cyclone continue to be received,
George Bohiuuon was executed at I! ilia, Mo.,
yesterday, in the presence of several thousands of
people.
A traveler In Guatemala writes to the Nortli
American Ren 'a that he bas discovered the
«' 1 hantom city."
Jay Gould is not corning to California during hi
present western trip.
J Durinjr the Grit quarter of l ->', 7JI families,
COJ£istin^ 1■: 3,89.2 persons, were evicted in Ireland.
General Bud died yesterday at Saratoga.
Ben. Taylor wa3 hanged yesterday at Coming,
Ark.
At Xcw York, yesterday, William Sindram was j
banged for the munier of Sirs. Margaret Crane in
January, lbSl.
A bed of bluo gravel was discovered in a mine
near Smartsvi'.le, Yuba county, yesterday, which
lull from S8 to JID to the pan.
An unsuccessf a] attempt to rob a train was made ;
near Uincon, N. M., Sunday night, by five men.
Frost ha killel all the otton in portions of Ten- j
nojaee an ' Arkansas. :
During the past week 124 business failure^ oc- ,
curred in the United States.
Particulars of the death of General Hurl .
United States Minister Resident to Peru, are given '
in our dispatches this rning. . i
The Kern couuty Grand Jury yesterday reported i
eighteen indictments. .
Ex Sheriff Zollocr. who killed W. P. Lockwood j
at Napa, lias been discharged on the gruund of self- '
dcTense. !
Sever flifccrnicti were drowned yesterday near
Astoria, Or., by the capsizing of boats. ]
'Michael Cu:ooke dropped dead Thursday night at
Astoria, Or. Ps •
A ctxisiucrable Increase in death? and cases of
■mallpox is re( orud at various pokts in Illin. is. I
A conviction in a Sunday law case was had jester- ' ]
Jx_, .-.t Orot Uo. ,
Ex-Secrt Ury Elaine and his family go to Europe (
in May, to be absent six months.
Tliere are 303 convicU in the Stale Prison at ;
FolKcm. '
Genera! A. W. Spra/uc has been commissioned ;
1,. Governor Newell a» Adjutant General of Washing- j (
ton Territory.
lira. Pierce killed her three children near Kicnard- <
Son, T \. ar.d then committed suicnie. '
Up to Tuesday last, -yIS arrests have been made in ■
Ireland under tlii,- Coercion Act. I
four men wore rowned at i' .-;'■. N. (
V., yesUrday, ly the upsetting of a skiff.
John Wiiso.i dropped dead last c 1 nil - 11 Pert- :
lan 1. Or. 1
A portrait of Oeaeral W. S. Rwecrans, Congress- j
man from Iba First District of California] is pre
sented U the iders of the RKCORD-I'MOS this j
tnornin:;. %; a »-:r s € ,
■J bo in;ii!e pn;ea of '•■■' morning's issue will be
found to contain an unusual quantity of choice »nd
la'.zr<-' . rcidinjf matter. '
On a Miehijin n'.lv.ay, where a train wai passing |
a station at a greater mte of speed than thr law al. | '
luwed, and where it was customary (:,r trains to j '
Stop, a p-i;S'!»:Nr Sprang off and was ta;ily injured. ■ '
In a suit for damages be recovered, t!i .• jury lio':i!inK j ■
that l.c was not negligent, and had a ri.-ht to act on i .
the supposition that the train was about stopping. .
The Suprerae Court reversed the decision, and luld [
Oia: Vial he been cirricd past the station he would
have had bi-< legal remetiy, but he took the chances <
and mils', a'nilo the "it. Bisneslig) '■ ■':> ! raali- ,
nen do; rivt d him of any legal redress. There is so
much of ppriogirg fron: ears in ''°'' ' ■' CaUlor- |
nil, that trave:e:s will do well to bear thii decision |
in mind. I
Suasta conntv is eighty miles long It now has j
eighteen milts J railroad. It ha» an Imml'ration j
Afsoeiatioii ttat aids settlers, i ■..■-■!•!-■ j
of stone c*il, iron and limestone. It is an excellent j
county for «t~ck ra>.ioz, and its soil is diversifii-d, j
and much '■! it rich > productive. Th-.sc are tonio |
of In clsjma for a Ur s 'C population, added to which j
i 9 the probability that ■ railroad will traverse the
length of the county ion.
. .
The VilicuHural Commissioners have unanimously
condemned the us< of glucose and otii-.r anullcr
ationsin wine making. Such a body could not
have done less ; bit the very t*-t that tbs P««.' c
of such a resolution was deemed nee. wary, is in it- j
self a confession that them adulterations prevail to
s, greater extent than is by many believed.
The investigations of the Viticuitaral Commissicn
have developed tint the California grape pretty
■BOCeSKfully rettsti the phylloxera, and that the
worst Imf eel viues are those where water lias itocd
about the roots. It would seem, therefore, that
thoroughly good drainage is a desideratum in £T»i c
CulUiro here.
The Oakland runways: " The Journals of the
bitenor are looked to when politicians really with to
discover the trac drift of public sentiment." Vcrj'
true. The metrorK^litan press ■ Mom voices tbe
Sentiment 1 ! the masses on this coast.
■ y *
Tuk great pjpulatious of the earth have not 1c n
foundi.it. salubrious climates. The denssf t pop^ j
illation, as a rule, U found where food Is most diin
colt of attainmeot !
J
CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN.
Charles Robert Darwin is dead, after
nearly fifty years of scientific research,
after conferring upon the world inestimable
benefits, after founding not only a new
philosophy but a new science and a new
literature. Oalton has labored to show
that genius is seldom transmitted, but
Darwin was a very remarkable instance of
just such transmission. His grandfather
was the celebrated Dr. Erasmus Darwin,
distinguished in philosophy and physical
science, and so versatile that he also ol-
tamed some celebrity a3 a poet. It is not
a little significant that this ancestor, in
his "Zoenomia," projected the outlines
of that evolutionary hypothesis which
Charles Darwin was so long subsequently
to elaborate and complete. The father of
Charles Darwin was a medical man of de
cided force and strength of character, and
his mother was of the Wedgwood family, a
race of itiventora and bold and enterpris
ing people who have all mads their mark
in the world. Thus the young Darwin started
with the best possible conditions. Ha
inherited a scientific temperament, and
he lost no time in harnessing himself to the
work for which two generations had been
preparing him. At the age of twenty one
he began his scientific career by making
that voyage of exploration in H. M.
S. Beagle, whose results he afterwards pub
lished, and from which he derived the most
invaluable teaching. From that tima un
til iiis death he was steadily engaged in
what must be styled the great work
of his life. The public have, with their
usual bluutneas of perception and indiffer
ence to accuracy, almost from the first
been content to regard Darwin as the
inventor and discoverer of the Evolution
ary Hypothesis. As a matter of fact, how
ever, this is not so. The theory of Evolu
tion dates back to a mush earlier period,
lat least bo far as its genesis is con
cerned. It was, as indeed ought to
have been supposed, the fruition of a long
period of speculation, discussion, scientific
research and analysis. It had been ar
rived at in a more or les3 complete state in
several countries. Lmarck in France,
Goethe in Germany, Dr. Erasmus Darwin
in England, had all had much more than
glimpses of the new light. It was neces
sarily so, because Evolution may be said
to be the inevitable conclusion of untram
meled science when, arrived at a certain
stage of progress, it finds itself compelled
to abandon teleological hypotheses, and to
seek a new point of departure. Lamarck,
Saint- Hilaire, Yon Baer, expanded the
ideas which their predecessors had put for
ward, and their explorations have been in
turn bettered and enlarged by Charles
Darwin, Herbert Spencer, Lyell, Huxley,
Tyndall, Haeckel, Wallace, Dana, Lub
bock, Gegenbaaer, Vogt, and many others.
And though Darwin is doubtless entitled
to the honor of having first conceived and
thought out the theory of Natural Selec
tion, it cannot be forgotten, as showing the
truth of what we have said above, that
Alfred Russell Wallace almost simultane
ously arrived at tha same discovery.
We shall not tire our readers with a
bibliography of Darwin's works. That
can be found in any encyclopedia or biog
raphical dictionary. Moreover his prinoi
p*l works are known to all educated peo
ple, and those to whom they are unknown
wouli certainly not care to hear their
titles. A. , however, no little confusion
has prova : lei in respect to Darwin's re
lation to the Evolutionary Hypothesis, it
may be worth while to show ju3t what
"Darwinism" pure and simple, amounts
to, and in what it differs from, and falls
short of, Evolution. No doubt Charles
Darwin was, strictly speaking, an Evo
lutionist, but he certainly was not the
founder of that hypothesis, nor was he
even its must powerful supporter. The
great distinctive theory which belongs
properly to him is that of Natural Selec
tion or, as Herbert Spencer puts it,
"survival of the fittest." This Darwin
has worked out in the most elaborate and
conclusive way, sad if he had done noth
ing else this would have given him the
first rank as a scientific discoverer. But
he ha 3 done much more. Us has inci
dentally added immensely to the available
rfa'.a in support of the Evolutionary Hypo
thesis, and he has brought together such a
mass of carefully ascertained and classified
facts as must greatly facilitate the labors
cf all future students in the saire
general direction. The great theory to the
confirmation and elucidation of which Dar- |
win's mature life was completely devotid
has now passed the stag; of probation and
doubt, and i 3 accepted by all the scientific
intelligence of the civilized world, while
those who for a locg time strove to resist
its advance have given up that endeavor as
hopeless, and are now seeking to harmonize
their old beliefs with the new doctrine.
Thia theory of Evolution teaches that the j
world and all its organized forms have j
pa*seil from simple and incoherent to com- j
plex and coherent conditions, and that or- ,
ganic life has been developed in a cm |
btantly expanding series of differential
proceeding from the structureless mass cf
p'.otoplasm through the simpie uiiicillular
animal up to the complex vertebrate
forms which culminated in M 'n. Geology
has done much to fortify this theory, by
demonstrating the complete fallacy of the
old idea of the earth's age, by allowing
that it has been in existence) many
millions of years, instead of a few thou
sands, and by revealing, through stratas
and fossils, so larga a portion of
the record of prehistoric ages as to j
render something like a connected history j
of the past attainable. The separation of
species, as indicated by geological changes,
went far to confirm the Evolutionary Hj.
pothesis. It was seen that the simpler
forms of organic life came first, and that
long periods must have passed between the
successive advances in structure. The great
progress made during the last fifty years in
comparative anatomy, embryology, and ge
ographical knowledge, of course aided to
spr&d and develop the new doctrine very
greatly. In short, science had been long
preparing for the advent of this revolution,
and when it arrived all the conditions
were eminently favorable to its proi a na
tion. How necessary this harmony of sur
roundings is in such cases may be seen by
reference to the failure which Wolff and
Umarck, the elder Dirwin, Van Bluer and
others, encountered, simply because they
happened to be in advance of their con
temporaries.
I'a win, however, was none the less a
great thinker and discoverer because his
contemporaries were better prepared to ap
preciate and therefore to accept his revela
tione. The work done by him bm been
marvellous in its extent and importance.
He and Herbert Spencer together have
founded a philosophy so broad and deep
that whatever modifications it may be
necessary to make in its detail?, the central
principles will remain unshaken by time.
It has been weakly urged against Darwin's
theories that there are gap 3in them. Of
course there are. It is far beyond the ca
pacity of any single human being to trace
out a system of organic development which
shall be complete and perfect. But the
wonder really is that Darwin should have
done so much, not that he should not have
been able to do more. He has at hast
given the world a theory which explains
more fully and satisfactorily than any \
other ever conceived, the evolution
of species and the descent of man.
Indeed hi 3 two greatest books, namely,
the "Origin of Species " and "The De
" Lcent tf Man," contain the most astonish
ing array of proofs ani justificatory facts
that were ever massed in support of any
theory, and constitute an argument which
for cumulative and convincing f jrce hzs pc r
haps few if any parallels in the literature
o! Science. The great Darwinian theory,
that of Natural Selection, ha 3 been very
useful to Evolution. It serves to explain
a great many otherwise perplexing facts.
It has shown how natural laws not only
can but do work cut> for themselves results
in the difi'.run'.iatiun of species such as
the intelligence of Mun produces in ani
mals under domestication by care in breed
ii^. In shevs how and why such strange |
abortions of organs have occurred in many
animals, and in connection with embryol
ogy it has helped to show how the human
form must have been slowly evolve 1 from
the simpler aud lower orders of organic
structure.
The patience, the lucidity, the simplic
ity and modesty with which Darwin per
formed his herculean labors, cannot but
excite our admiration. It was evident
that hereditary geniu3 was here being ex
hibited in the most favorable way, and
that only such a { reparation conldj have
given the world a scientist so completely
equipped for his work; so thorough in his
researcher, and, what is quite as important,
so clear in his descriptions. The im
portance of a good style to a scientific
writer cannot be overestimated. There
are scientists who write in so dry and life
less and often obscure and involved a
manner, that the mind ia half exhausted
by the time it has found out what they are
trying to say, and so fails to grasp the full
significance of their statements. But
Dirwin, like Huxley and Tyndall and
Spencer, possessed the rare gift of a per
fectly intelligible style, and therefore the
world read and comprehended his message
immediately. His later years were devoted
to the elaboration of experiments, many of
W :ich had been begun long previously,
and especially to observations of plant life
and funutitns. It is i.c d ess to say that
for tuch various work as he performed dur
ing hiß long scientific career, an intelli
gence at once microscopic and telescopic
was required. It is one of the drawbacks
of .S-ience that the specialist is apt to be
come narrow, while the generalizer ia apt
to become loose aud inaccurate. To obtain
tiie best ratnlts a mind is needed which
possesses the double capacity of grasping
the largea: generalizitious, and at the same
time of following out the minutest details.
Charles Durwin possessed this fortunate
and extremely rare combination of mental !
capacities. He was both a specialist and a
generalizer. He could construct his hy
pothesis of orgacii; development, and then
devote years to minute and laborious j
special rest-arches, to confirm the general
theory.
Avid in this combination his intellectual
greatness consisttd, for it is certainly the
iact that the class of mind we have de- i
seribul is at once tha most uncommon, and
belongs to the highest order. It resem
bles, iv the perfection of ita adaptability,
that marvellous [irchccsile organ, the trunk
of the elephant ; which can be used to piuk '
up a pin, or to U-aratree down with. The \
finest minds alone possess this elasticity and
comprehensiveness. Goethe's was of this
kind, and Shakespeare's. Anil though i
Darwin was iv some respects far beneath
these, yet ids mind was ol the same i^eneial ;
order, as his labors conclusively demon- :
strated. He has dkd ifter a long life full
of us' : to his race, and there
ia no reason for lamentation over his de
parture. His work was practically liu
ished, for he had carried it to a point from !
which far less gifted hands could forward i
it without difiiculty. Hj had, more
over, the supreme pleasure of train
ing up a son who evidently partakes
largely of his father's enthusiasm and his '
father's genius, and- who has already shown
an ability to follow up the same line of
research. The lift of Charle3 Darwin in
deed his been in all respects beneficent, and
however sudden his death it cnuM not ;
have been unhappy. How brilliant the
contrast of this pare, unselfish, active,
laborious, beneficent cireer, with the arti- j
ficial and tawury fame which posterity
accords to the " heroes" whose ability
has o^ly been shown in the slaughter of !
their fellow-men, by sea or laud. The j
name of Charles Darwin will enduro as !
lou; as the Anglo-Saxon race maintains its
place upon the globe ; as Ion)?, let us say,
as Saeuce and Miud continue to be re
■peoted and sought after of men.
THE SILVER QUESTION.
The majority report of the House Cum
mittee on Currency and Banking appear* to
I ai l<>r»3t a sericu3 ducussiou of the
silver question. Congress has for a long j
time been exhibiting on this subject the ;
cowardice which politicians are always j
guilty of when they fear to offend a fac- j
tion of any kind. The majority of the
Committee, however, have mustered cour
age to present some home truths about the
situation. They assert, according to a
synopsis of their report, " that silver dol
"lars have fiiled to get into circulation,
" that the demand for them was not popu
" lar, and that the hope of maintaining a
" Urge volume in future is futile." Tney
point out that "the remonetizition of
" silver has not bridged the gulf between
"the gold and silver dollars. There has
" not been a day sinoe the silver-dollar l»w
"pissed that silver bullion was worth I
"so much as it was when the silver bill !
" became a law. This reeult makes it clear
"that the causes of the depreciation of
"silver were outside of any action of our
"Government, consequently they carnot
"be removed or aff- cted by the United
" Slates alone." What is most interesting ;
in all this is the reflection that everything
which has happened was predicted before
the passage of the silver bill, and that
nothing which has happened ought to sur
prise anyone but those who were too ig
norant to realize their own lack of infor
mation in the premises, and at the same
time too conceited to believe that they had
anything to learn on the subject. Tae
silver bill has from the first been producing
no other effects than those which were
foreseen, and nothing is more cer:am than
that if it is kept in operation long enough it
will drive gold out of the country, and
reduce us to the silver standard, thus
putting us on a level with China as regards
our currency. It is equally certain that,
as the majority of the committee assert,
"the issue of silver ccrtilioates has in
"creased the danger of the situation."
The committee think that some interna
tional arrangement may be reached, but
they are clear upou the proposition that
this will be impossible so long as the coin
age of silver dollars is kept up, and they
are perfectly right on that head. Whether
an international agreement is now prac
ticable is, however, another question. It
is true that some influential men iv Eng
lish (iuauciril circles have latterly come
over to this iiea, but the Eaglish Govern
ment has certainly not indicated any in
tention of changing its position, a"d until
it doe 3it will bo idle to hop.: that France
or Germany will meet us half-way. The
only prudent course for Cougress ia to re
peal the silver bill, or at least cut down
the coinage to the amount capable of being
introduced to the circulation, wiiij'n
would reduce it from $2 000,000 a month
to about §250,000. Of course it would be
much the better way to repeal the
bill and etop the Bilver coinage entirely,
but it 13 doubtful whether Congress appre
ciates the danger of the situation suffi
ciently to take that step. Its tendency is
to tinker with currency legislation, and al
though evc-nt3 have proved the "silver
" men" to be all wronif, and though none
of their predictions have been fulfilled, it
will still be dilfioult to get the right thing
done merely because it is the right thing.
The minority report ia not yet ready, but
judging from the sketch given of it, we
should say that it will be a somewhat re
markable document, its chief argument
bbing that " the commerce of the country"
should not be "hampered" by opposing
a )y barriers to inflation and depreciation of
ti»e currency. The idea that commerce
can be injured by giving it the best possi
ble kind of circulating medium, namely,
pap;r based on gold, is worthy ot the
palmiest days of the " greenback" agita
tion.
TILDEN LOOMING UP.
It is difficult to know whether the Demo
crats really regard Mr. Tilden with pro
I found veneration, or whether they look
i upon him as a persistent bore who baa to
be humored because he is the possessor of a
"barrel." Tne Republican pipers always
represent them as being a good deal afraid j
of th-j old gentleman, but this can hardly
• be the case if they really believe that he is
j the most eligible candidate they have got.
Yet there are occasional s} mptoma of impa
tience with him on the part of his copart
ners, and it might almost be suspected |
that some of them wculd even hear of his ■
. death without mush eorrcw. Mr. TiUen
himself, however, clearly does not desire j
to die, and as clearly has no intention of
relinquishing his claims upon the party.
He certainly thinks himself its strongest
! candidate, and he appears to have gradu
j ally worked himself into that dangerous
state of mind in which a man is ready to
defeat his friends rather than suffer a rival i
to succeed through their aid. It seems j
that many Democrats would prefer a can
i didate whose vitality was more assured, j
i and who had less record, bat Mr. Tilden j
! cjres nothing for this. He is "on deck," i
! either to accept a nomination, or to beat
! the man who gets ahead of him in ;
' the Convention. That, at all event 3,
lis the prevailing belief in regard to
| his programme, and naturally enough it j
; ciuses uneasiness. It is seriously doubted i
! jii3t now whether Mr. Tildeu could be in
! duced to open the " barrel " for any other
' candidate than himself, unless it was to
I procure the defeat of that other candidate. ;
| Should this view of his position be the
right one, it may become necessary to let
' him hava his own way, and thinking Dem
■ ocrats will possibly argua that they
1 can hardly make a serious blunder in
; nominating a man the possibility of whose
candidature has for years past seemed to
be regarded by the Republican press as
! the most terrible disaster. In fact if Til- ;
l den does after all come to the front and ;
: stay there, it will be quite a; much be !
I cause the Republican press acts as though |
! it was really very much afraid of him, as
because ths Democracy remembers his
I services with any feeling of gratitude. ,
j Meanwhile the Republican journals are >
i trying to make it appear that ha is on the ,
' brink of the grave ; and with the usual
: want of success. j
PROTECTIONIST PICTURES OF FREE
TRADE.
The I'rotectioniat orgaus are never so ;
j congenially employed as when they a:e tr; - '
! \nz to travestie Free Trade cioct:ines. j
I I . ■ of thi-ne papers has just mad= a ra- \
markable difcuvury, to the effect that the j
American Kree Traders are seeking to cs-p- j
ture the Irish vote by making it a; par tha; j
the abolition of tho tariff would injure j
En Und. It takes a Protectionist to in
vent theories of this deep and subtle char J
i acter ; but as a matter of fact the Atneri- j
■ can Free Traders do not care two cents j
i about England. It is the interests of ihj
] United Statea for which they are concerned,
j and they are very sorry to see these inter- j
! esta impaired, and the nation systemat. j
ically plundered, fJr no better purpose
than to coddle a few manufacturers, who
would be much better off in the long run
if they were forced to stand on their feet.
It is not trne that American Free Traders ;
desire tariff reduction because it will in
jure some other country k i may have
that incidental enec*. nut tnr T ,- a m« ! n
lof no consequence. They oppose the tariff
! because it is unjust, oppressive, disY mat, j
and generally wrong and mischievous, j
They assert that Congress has no right to J
rob the many for the enrichment of a few j j
! that it has no right to compel the people of j
j the Great West to pay three or four
'■■ prices for all they wear and use, in order j
to bnild op New England manufacturers. |
They any that a ja't construction of the
Constitution of the United Statea shows
such a fiscal policy to be illegitimate and j
|in the nature of an usurpation. And they ,
deny all the assumptions of the Piotec
tioniats. They say th»t this Protection
does not protect ; that on the contrary it
paralyzes ; that it does not protect Amer
ican Labor ; that it does not keep wages at
a high standard ; that it does not promote
but checks the growth of commerce. They
do not confine themselves to mere assertion
oa these points, but proceed to demon
strate the truth of their positions by facts
and figures. Thus they show that the
American workingman at the present time
is not in fact receiving higher wages than
the English workingman ; that Protection
ins destroyed the foreign trade of the
Uuittd States ; that because of the tariff
American goods cannot compete in any
part of the world with those of Great
Britain ; that we canno! even secure the
markets of our nearest neighbors ; that
England beats us, not only at remoter
points, but so near home as Canada, arid
ISrazil, and the South American Republics,
and the West lodies, and Japan and China,
and the Sandwich Islands. And they make
it peifectly clear to all such as hay :
the intelligence to apprehend aod the cau-
dor to admit, that a policy which imposes
those onerous burdens upon the producers
i of the country, which confiscates a large
percentage of thtir earnings, which fails in
its promised protection to American Labor,
which shuts out American goods from the
| markets of the world, which has strippf d
j us of our ocean carrying trade completely,
i and which in short produces no single good
result, and a swarm cf mischievous one?,
1 is a policy which cannot be discarded too
I soon or too thoroughly. Of course Eng
! land need not bo anxious for such a change,
however. So long as we maintain the
Chinese Wall of Protection she will keep
the sovereignty of commerce, and the more
her rivals seek to " protect " themselves,
the firmer will her tenure of power be
come. It is about time, however, that the
advocates of trade restriction began to
think about some rational deiense of them
selves, for assuredly the American people
will not much longer allow themselves to
be gulled by the old threadbare sophistries
and exploded falsehoods which have den?
duty as Protectionist arguments during the
past twenty years.
TORNADOES IN THE SOUTHWEST.
The great destruction of property by
tornadoes in the southwest illustrates a
curious inconsistency of human nature.
Since the regions affected have been set
[ tied they have been subject to compara
! tively frequent disasters of this kind, and
in almost every case more property has
: been destroyed, and more lives lost, than
has been sacrilijed by earthquakes en the
Pacilic Coa3t within the memory of man.
The tornado is, moreover, in several re
spects, worse than the earthquake ; for
wnereas the latter may be innocuous, and
even in its severer forms escaped by flight,
whatever is in the path of the tornado is
doomed to sudden artd complete destruc
tion, and bo human handiwork can resist
the tremendous force for a single moment.
Yet though every year there oecnr many
and destructive tcrnadoes, and though it is
still more impossible to guard against these
storms than a^iinst earthquakes, ws do not
liud that their frequency haa a.uy tendency
to chock settlement, or to depredate real
c ;ate even in the places whicn have aul
lered. Oa the other hand, a slight shock
of earthquake in California frightens every
body at the Kiat, aad they wag their heads
gravely and declara that it would be im
possible to live in such a country. The
worst earthquake we have ever had was
that of IS6B, and its chief mischief con
sisted in the depreciation of San Francisco
real estate. The actual destruction of
property did not amoant to a tithe of that
recorded as the result of the late tornado
at Independence, Mo , aad yet California
felt thi reaction of that earthquike for
years, while the Western towns which
have been almost leveled with the ground
by these huricaucs are at once rebuilt, and
go on in a c.-ol au<\ prosperous way, aa
though tonndofs did not count for any
thing. Here i 3 a proliem upon which
some of the debating societies might try
their intellectual musole.
OCEAN TELEGRAPHY.
A Frenchman, M. Menuisier, baa in
vented an ingenious plan for telegraphic
connection between ships at sea, ami the
land. He proposes to establish raid-ocean
telegraphic stations, by attaching vertical
cables to the main ones, at distance of cay
sixty leagues, and buoying these branch
cables. The buoys are to be provided with
a sufficient length of wire to be taken on j
board ship, and the ships are to carry ma
chines by which the wires cau be taken up
and connection nude with the shore end I
of the main cable. To facilitate the |
discovery of the buoys they are to be
numbered, and then marked distinctly on
maps showing their precise locality. It is j
proposed, further to secure the easy finding |
of them, that they shall be made luminous, j
or be provided with automatic bells or
foghorns, or both. Another suggestion is
that a central ocean station shall be estab
lished, either upon some convenient rock,
or in a moored vessel arranged for that
purpose. This central station could be
availed of to disseminate news and to
report accidents to and obtain relief by.
For instance, a vessel is wrecked some
where, but i 3 able to send word to the
central station through one of the branch
cables. The central station at once pro
ceeds to notify the first passing vessel that
relief is needed in such-and-such aquarter,
and the result is that the shipwrecked
crew are speedily delivered. It is evident
that not only these but miny other im
portant services could be performed by an
ocean telegraphic system of the kind here
sketched, and there does not appear to be
any grave drawback to M. Menuisier's
project. . ;
THE ACQUITTAL OF MACLEAN.
The man who fired at Queen Victoria
has been declared not guilty on the ground
of insanity, aDd has been ordered to be
confined in an insane asylum " during heT
"Majesty's pleasure." Considering the
number of crazy men who have tried to
kill Queen Victoria, it might have occurred
to her law authorities that the usual
method of dealing with these cases had
not been signally successful. No doubt
the f ict that things have been done in a
particular manner is a good reason, with
most people, for continuing to do them in
that manner, but when the assassination
of rulers has become a sort of specialty in
which the insane of all nations indulge
habitually, it is about time to devise a
change in the policy. Mac Lean may have
been mad. Probably he was, having been
before in an asylum. But the real ques
tion should have been whether he under
stood what he was doing, and if that could
have been demonstrated he ought to have
been punished precisely as a sane man
i would have been. It takes a long time to
educate communities np to higher views on
questions of this kind, but we are tirmly
convinced that the test of responsibility
where insanity is pleaded as a bar to the
capital penalty, will have to be rearranged
sooner or later, and the sooner the better.
THE JEWS IN RUSSIA.
The barbarous persecution of the Jews
in Russia still continues. It 13 now per
fectly clear that the Cztr is responsible for
these outrages. Id Germany aftd Austria
the same kind of outbreak* occurred until
fie respective Governments took firm posi
tions sgaiust them, and when the smsl
minority really concerneil found that it
had do support from the authorities, it
abandoned the evil work. But in Rassia
the belief has been permitted to tike root
that the Government approves the persecu
tion of the Jews, and notwithstanding, or
possibly even because of, the indignant
protests of the civilized worlJ, the Czar
refuses to give orders for the suppression of
the brutality. That there will come a day
of reckoning for this prolonged cruelty and
injustice is not to bs doubted. The Jews
of Russia may be a feeble folk, bus they
bulong to a powerful race, and th« ;r co
religionists will surely avenge them upon
the barbarous Slavs eventu:uly.
THE SAHARA SCHEME.
It is announced that the project of
Lessens to cut through the coist sand hili3
and admit the ocean into th.-.t part of the
.Sahara deEert which is below the sea level,
is beingseriously considered from a politico
military point of view, as a means of
separating Tripoli from Algiers. It is
hardly correct to say that it is proposed
to fill the Dc3crt of Sahara, fur, strictly
speaking, the locality referred to is in
Sihel, not in Sahara. It embraces an area
of about 12J.000 square miles, and though
it has been out of water since the Pliocene
period, according to Sir Charles Lyell,
it ha 3 never produced anything better than
iiz.irds, scorpions, vipers and ants, and
bushes of thorny miruoaa. To restore it
onae more to the ocean, however, must
produce changes in the evaporation which
may have very favorable eil-cts upon the
surrounding country, though it ia by no
meins likely to become a " garden spot"
in any event.
As anti-Chinese League has been formed at|Sin
Francisco, c imposed of some very prominent citi
zens. They pledge themselvis to patronize no Chi
neae, nor to buy of any ore who buy of Chinese
etc As we have already remarked, this policy will
be found impracticable until the enforcement of
laws limiting Chinese immigration, and until then
the efforts .ut forth will be useless v expanded
labor. Judge Wright's League could makj itself
felt, however, on another tack— that is, to refuse is
patronage to every ona except Chinese. They will
find that the result, w.ll be to make the Chmess situ
ation still more uncomfortable, and that seems to be
the chief end and aim of these organizations.
We made note of the proposed advent in the
United States of •.he English beauty, Mrs. Langtry.
The Nap* Reporter turns up its nose, and saya Napa
has pretty women who, given the advantages of
fine lire:-!", will eclip3e the Jersey Lily, and then pro
ceeds to praise the home beauties without stint
The same laudation niiu'bt have been indulged iv
with more truth about Sacramento ladies ; hut
then, what's the use?— all the warld knows they are
incomparable.
A National Mining and Industrial Exposition is
to be held a". Denver, beginning August Ist, and
California Is invited to occupy as much space as she
miy desire. It will be the first exhibition of the
kind ever held in the Union. California can scarcely
afford to. neglect the opportunity offered ; but the
time is brief, and decisive action is needed imme
diately if Shis State is to be fairly represented.
It is a fact, although not known to the State
Hoard of Equalization at the time it made its order
us to taxation of debts secured by mortgages held by
the Regents of the University, that $75,000 of the
money so loaned was the money given to the sU gents
by D. O. Ilill3 to endow a professorship ill the Uni
versity, aad coupled with the gift was a condition
tbat the money should be invested.
Is currint political gossip, and presumably from
well informed sources, it is given out that the con
te=t in the Democratic Contention for the nomina
tion for Controller, will be between R. D. Stephens
of Sacramento, and B. F. Tuttle of Son* an. Both
were anti-Glenn Dempcrats in the last State contest
Colokii HekdeUi, in hid recent report, fays the
effort to deposit mining debris in the low tale basin)
of the Sacramento would require diversion of tie
rivers, could be accomplished only at great cost, and
th.it the plan is not practicable— at least for the
present.
-» « —
Lo» Am.blhs county this jear plants 4,5C0,0C0
grape vines. She has now 5,000 acres of bearing
i vines. In three year?,.it tie* i mated, this will in
j creaso to 13,000 acres. The prosperity -if Los Ange
les, and her private industry, is gratifying.
Professor Brush now claims to hare completed
■ an apparatus for the storing of electricity in quanti
i ties sufficient to furnish electric lights to private
booses without conraction with street mains. Tt.e
age advances. _^
Tub increase ! majority by which the lower Home
of Conpnss passed the Chinese restrictive bill indi
cates the temper of that representative body, should
it be necessary to pass it over tbe President's veto.
Tuic&nn Diego Sun asks, "Why not annex tba
northern States of Mexico?" Because we have no
reasonable grounds for doing so, and because we have
territory sufficient for cur needs already.
Is Germany the laws do not allow damages f«r
breach of promise. The remedy is marriafte,. Amd
the escap?, we suppose, is ('migration. Would not
such a regulation here be wise :
"Ciioosa your companions from those who know
more than yourself" Exactly; but the difficulty
with many people is to Bod any such.
It is now stated that tie crop outlook in .he great
grain county, Colusa, hus been deceptive, and that
it will fill short of an averse yield.
Property is advancing raiidly in valae In the
lower iJart o* Nevada county. This indicates belief
in the future of that notion. .
San Francisco Stock Sales.
Saw Francisco. April 21. 1352.
XOKMMI session.
ISOOpnir ..4 30@l 3f 65 1 S. I? e»»<l». "i
V'lesirwn Si 60 -'. Btlchcr *
180«onld to a 7. hOTTteh JiJJjS
13110 California 1* 45flOTsrman. JocrS-c
5125 BaT«3 1 7S@l 8C 8"0 Uaion 13J«>«13i
f.K) C. Virsinia 6MttKc Kri jTiailce. -50c
273 Hales NM....1 55<S1* 303 A1ta..... 2 Ss
• 83Ohuil«r B'c •60 Occidental 1
23ttPotrwL 3Jc 130 Aides. 7 r c
S7O O. Point *f lGOSoorpion i...550
303 Y. Jacket 1 05 S4>"!«n-nn. 60c
70 Alpha, 1 210 Ward 1i
iTTERSOOK be «nos.
69»B.r>ka. S3}@2*» »*' So. Nevada. ...6J@6J
lvi N. Noonday 1) ?40 Bodie M
450 Albion ::::::* i" 5* E. Mt. Dlaolo ioc
Mono 150 Ml. DUblo .A
10if..»dBhaw... '0. ISO Wa'es we
SOGonco-.dia. 1 75 295 Manhattan. ..^U
130 Syndicate SO, HON. BeU- 7i<27i
3UBochtel 25c
— - ■
If You are Ruined.
la health from any came, especially from the
me of any of tie thousand nostrums that
promise so lamely, with lone -fictitious te?ti
monitils, hive no fear. Resort to Hop Bi!
--teia at once, and in a short time you will
hava the most robust and blooming health.
ANTI-DEBRIS RESOLUTIONS.
3 The following resolutions' were adopted
unanimously by Wheatland Grange, No. 260,
April Ist : •
Whereas, br the process of hydraulic minim:, not
less than one hundred consume** have been preying
upon the people of the valley, destroying its agri
cultural area, obliterating its cities and \illaget,
etogclag its water-way?, and dislodging the rivers
from th-. ch-inncls into the agricultural 'amis ; and
Where**, State Engineer Hall, m ISib, after
actual survey, 1 ep.Tted 42,546 acres of land de* troved
upon the Bear, Yuba and Feather rivers; and
Whereas, the destruction upon the American nver
has been as extensive a d complete, while during
i the seasons succeeding 18T8 much more land upon
these rivers baa been »> invaded by the Andasito
be virtu 11 y destroyed to its owners, so .hat we be
lieve fully- 11)0.000 acres of the richest agricultural
lauds have been drawn from production and in great
part cover. d with sand ; find
Whereas, M. M. Chipt»an, in his report to the
State Medical Society, reported, a-* the result of
his research, that tue property to the value of $15-,
114,739 had been manifestly destined by the sand
from hydraulic mi ting ; while we can only estimate
the losses by including the value of the enormous
annual agricultural product* withdrawn from our
. , -, our fetors bouse! and our cxjv>rts ; our
tTXabJe pruperty reducej oue-hti ! f ; t::.\ doubled ;
property values depreciated ; the wealth of our must
tortile districts drained by frail leveeloA which
the owners could not av> ii without abandoning
their property and thtir bon es.
Whereas, the Sacramento and Feather riven are
Kin,' closed to navigation Inasmuch a.*, although
ooiaii vessels of 1,000 tons and mo ascended to
the .Capital city m 1850, and later, now flat-hot-
Corned. steamers of a few huudred tuns ascend, with
-. sat difficulty ; aid,
\\ ci . as, pi c whole Sacrament > river has. in less
than twenty rears, been filled from ten to fifteen
foe', according to thu iuvcoiU'stion of the State
Engineer, and i - c in;, in. capacity ruluecj in that
time from one half t.) one-third of its ■ final ca
pacity, while the orchards l ordering no the river for
twenty miles baluw Sacramento "city are dying by
reason of the rising of the water Hue in the m il, and
from Washington down the ri^ht river bank the
burial by th- gaud baa already fairly . m . need
Whereas. Tke hydraulic miners, in their use Of
the rivers as Muice wa\s, and ourirms towns and
cities as dumps, are viol iting *..'•■ ill dauu tital
tirincipli-s of our Cop>titulioi\ and are wauloilly
disreijardiiu' oui s;- red rights of propirty.
Whereat), In digregan? cf ■;■..- tu protection
ana tot interests Of the B:aU'. interest-, d parties
are seeking to bring about lcgisUQFe action that
would be but st dtcoi'ful reraeUy, and it compromise
and sacrifice of vested rights i.. the val ty ; there
for be it
Resolved, That we, of Wheatland Grange, feel ii
timely and neceCSU? to our protection, and t > the
Informsti not the State and of the United State,
that v-e declare our position upon tile debris ques
tion in ail its aspect* fairly ar.d fully
Revolted, That wo think such action on our part
.-.:.. appropriate since we will be sn irreparably
Injured by a del n or an Inefficient reroedr.
R&olcad, Thai aompromlse is a supeifiuouj term
when applied to our lebrifl Question . that we have,
in common with all n:en, a ri.iit ta the integrity of
our property; and that it is llio firs: duty of the
Courts and the Government to secure that invlola
bil ty of proi ertj rights.
Resolved. It is evident that the flow of debris can
not be stopped unless the hydraulic companies
withhold their tailings from the retch if t;>e flood
waters.'f the rivers, and therefore that, no system
!of dams in the river canyon will btttffeotual as a
remedy, and th.it ill nan of tho.-e canyons as dumps
by the hydraulic companies is iuaduii&>ible and
Ultttt be sk pped.
Resolved, That we must regard any legislation,
State or national, looking to the erection ■! dams
' ii the river canyons as intended to avoid an ade
quate adjustment, as an artifice to r> vent a proper
remedy, and as propoauig a misappropriation ->f
public funds.
Remitted, That much measures but obstruct the
action of Government and of the Courts, in vindi
cating' the inviolability of property rights, and but
mislead the public as to the only adequate remedy,
and are therefore inimical to our gaiety, and to the
Interests of the State.
Retained, That the time has come when the pro
ceediugsoi the hvdriu.ic companiei must be reei'fj
nixed as unwarranted and indefensible, and their
interests, the interests of tho State, and the safety
of the valley will be best promoted by confining
their opera:ion3 within boards wherein they will be
harmless to ether individuals at.d to comniuui'ies.
Resolved, That iho aeeurawaiid definite judicial
determination of respective righto will alone settle
this problem, by making it impossible '" violate as
certained rights with impunity, and byfumisbhis; a.
basis for legislation by which, in case the laws enun
ciated leave us to be preyed uron by these i.-m
--panies, we may have redress. We believe that the
Court before which the issue is now pending will
decide in accordance with tho spirit of justice •>!'
the ct moion law.
Resolved, That we believe we have the sentiment
and understanding of the State with us, and that it
is hi^h time that cur homes and properly be se
cured.
Resolved, That with U9 the ordinary objects of
politics are suh.'.rdinae to the perils to our homes
and prosperity, and public action nm*t in gotxl
faith aim at our protection, or we will brand it as
hypocricj- and fraud ; that public men who- receive
our support must am and speak fairly and siiicerelv
in this matter, which has but one side, and admits
of no temporizing and of no concession.
Resulted, That we call upon tha Grange* of the
State to express themselves again clearly fend em
phatically in this nutter, so as i i give our brother
Grangers in the older it-itU-* a clear idea of our situ
ation in our property rights in the past, and alw>
that no more hesitation and evasion may be '.' v inced
in public seiion, and that the Grange bs an instru
ment [or developing and uniting au intelligent and
just pubßb opinion be vindicated.
DA. OSTROU,
D. P. DUBSI .
HUIUi. MORRISON,
a k. D >i,
A. J. WEB TER,
Committee.
I. W. BwTAKgn, Secretary. ;
THE NORTHERN TRAGEDY.
Bonanza (Or.), April 13; 1882.
Eds Recohd-Uhion : I* is desired to have
published iii the ecobd-U kion the full par
ticulars concerning ibe late tragedy which
occurred in Moduc county, California, near
the California and Oregon line, in which it is
alleged that H. O. Laws snot and killed
Frank Culivan Oa the 13:h .;f February H.
U. Law.", L'p Laws, A. H McOielian, Cbas.
Wilson anri N^wt. Gordon weie iv the mount
ains at H. C. Laws' place, looking after and
f ediDg his stock. O.i the u.cruing of the
13:1 Laws, Wilson and Gordon mounted their,
horses and started for the feed yard, which is
about three-fourths of a mile fr>im tht house,
leaving MeCluilan and L»e La»s at the
use. li iws was about 200 yards in advance
i f the other two mea, driving a ecaall band
of cattle. ■;■• .'■"- -■-■ : . •■■ :■', ' ■■■" •■ -'
lie was in a narrow trail, which he had
midtt through, the snow while pas-ring to and
from the yard. Ho saw, coming in the trail
directly toward him, two persona whom he
soon recosniztid as the Calivan brothers.
.James Galivan recognized Laws about the
same time, and bayk, ou oath, that he then
changed his pistol from hia left to his right
pocket, cocked it, and kept his hand on it
while advancing toward Laws j and Laws,
sef-iag the inoveaisat, pulled <.if lii-s right
•iiove and stuck his pitchfork, which he car
lied, in the snow. Caliban says Laws also
oceked hi» rid-, «vhii-'ii lay before him on the.
liorso ; but this charge is denied by Laws and'
tha other witnesses. Liws then ordered
them to set oat uf Li trail, that he and
th? cattle mj^ht p:<.sa ; bus instead
if complying,m plying, they continued to advance.
Being theiiia a few paces of each other, Laws
raid, "G — 1 — m you, get out of ths trail;
do yon intend taking possession of my feed
jard?" To which James Galivau replied,
"No.sir," A&tlimm ■ tely drew his revolver
and btg:>Q firin<; in rapid raceessiod at L»»?.
Laws tsea <ire*v his nfi.* »ud retained th* lira
as quickly as possible, but las qua not li«intr
iv good wtukiiig order, I a was ;s''i>- to g»5 in
only two "Jin's bef.rt) Cati^on had emptied
hi* revolver ( ix shut*)/ i.ad both he and his
brother started to run. Tnen Laws started
in pur?uir, firing two more shots — u-ti taking
cif f . iv James Caiivaa's h-;r6.-, from which
he died Boon after; the ot!ifr, according to
James' testimony, striking his brother in the
hack and c miug out two inch"s i» low the
life nipple, from whijh wouad ha subse
queatly died. But the Coroner and several
of the jurors on the inquest testify ihat; the
li la uidde by the ball was larger in the bick.
»nd that theie was s^mtthiuti protiudiog
from the s»me, which evicerjee is con
vincing thai lie v?»r not shot while retreatiag,
Wilson and Gordon, who, as I said before,
were in the rear, saw dktinetly all the shoot
ing, although they were sot close "non . 1 to
see the preparations made before aiy shots
were find. Wilson says at Calivau'd hrst
shot L»ws' hor«B scared, and before ha could
bring his gun to bear oo him (Calivan) (J»h
van got in another »hot. Lawi received three
woands in the leg between tie knee atid
ankle; none seiiom. Ca'ivan hud a warrant
i?*U;d for L*ws, which wa" pui in the hands
of the Constable of Lo3t liiver precinct, Or
egon, wh 1 went with a pass* of men to Modoc
county, Cat, fir the paipise of briuaing
Laves to Bonanza, Oregon, This they failed
to do, for Laws, not leoojitrVin.i: their author
ity to bring him cut of Calif >rni:t into (Oregon,
Tf fused to ccme, but instead went with Isaac
Wilson »nd M. Hill to AHuraf., CaL. to give
himself up to the proper anlhori ties. '_ They
refused to have anything to do »»Wi him. as
Oregon was, claiming him. But the Sheriff of
Modoc county, Gal., accompanied him to the
line and delivered him to the lfcpety Sheriff
of Lake county, Oregon. Hf> was taken to
Lin ville to aw» a preliminary examination.
While waiting for this he was attacked by a
mon, which was severely repulsed, » r ™
particulars of which you have had. The
posse of men who went after Laws from
Oregon, failirg to bripcr Liws to Oregon,
turned in and arrested Gordon, McCiellan,
Wiliou and Lee Liws as accessories to the
shootin?, but nothing being proved against
them thsy were liberated. Laws is cow in
the Liktvi»w jail, to await the id eating ot
the Grand Jury, J. U. McClellam.