% x ' ameter, the fire lube* four feel in diameter, and the ! lengths being 34 feet. The following regulation# were adopted, viz : The coals were weighed out every twelve hours. The clinkers and ashes were weighed every twelve hours. The temperature of the feed-water was taken . every hour, day and night. The water was measured by a metre into the boilers, and the counters were taken every twelve hours ; the counters of the engine being taken every twelve hours also ; for as the weight lifted by the I engine every stroke was the same, its working formed an admirable check upon the other observations., 1 made several experiments u[K>n the consumption ' of fuel with different quantities of air adfoitled into ' the due through the bridge, and the one recorded was the best, each opening in this case being equal to nine square inches, or in the aggregate 27 square I inches. The two experiments recorded in detail were, first, with three boilers, without the new furnace; and secondly, the same boilers with the new furnace. The coals used were smutl Newcastle cools, of iq/trior quulity. Report upon mi liupl?> tiucut In SileaiuBoiler Furuurri, by Henry V linker, of Boiton, N*?w< liu>rlt>i by Tliomu Wlck leed, Civil Kuglnttr, Hon. Mem. Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, etc., Jnut 41, 184H. New York, Sept. 1, 1848. Sir: 1 have perused with much interest Mr. Wicksteed's report on the new steam boiler furnace, which you kindly presented to me yesterday. I congratulate Colonel Baker, and, indeed, every one connected with steam, that you have succeeded in bringing this important improvement under the notice of Mr. Wicksteed. As engineer ot one of the principal railroads of England, which intersects the East London water-works, I became personally acquainted with that gentleman several years ago. He is a man remarkable for accuracy and system in all matters relating to engineering?so much so, that on a practical subject, like Colonel Baker's furnace, 1 would submit to his decision in preference to that of any other engineer in England. It was to be expected that Mr. Wicksteed would make a report accurate in every respect, and leaving no important point undecided ; but I confess I was not prepared for so much liberality towards the inventor. Mr. Wicksteed might very properly have terminated his report by staling that he had ascer laineu tne saving to oe u .ou per ceni. tie uoes not do so, however, but intimites that but few boilers are of such a perfect construction as those he tried Colonel Baker's improvement against. This, unquestionably, is the main feature in the matter. Colonel Baker's improvement does not call for a fresh outlay of millions; he takes our imperfect boilers as they are, and applies his furnace^und effects, simply by the introduction of a more perfect combustion, wrhat we now attempt to effect by a costly, bulky, and complicated structure. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant, J. ERICSSON. J. Amort, Esq. REPORT. Upon the 6th uIl, Mr Amory, agent of the trustees of Baker's Furnace, called upon and showed me drawings of the above furnace, and gave me a pamphlet to read which contained a general description of the furnace, and also certificates from several American engineers, testifying the great economy in fuel obtained wherever the new furnace had been introduced; and wished to have my opinion as to its superiority over the furnaces in general use. I told him that the introduction of "the semi-elliptical chambers or retorts," (instead of straight bridges,) causing "the fire" to be "reverberated upward and backward," was new to me; and that, inasmuch as it checked the draft and retained the heat for a longer period at that part of the boiler where it would produce the greatest etfect, I thought a great saving might be obtained over the furnaces in ordinary use. That, in fact, by this plan, it appeared to me that a simple cylindrical boiler of 30 or 40 feet in length, with the chimney immediately at the end of the Jirst flue, the same effect would be produced as in the Cornish boilers, where the flues were carried, through the inside of the boiler to the farthest end, thence along the sides, externally, to the front, nnH ihpnrp imrk no-nin nlnna thp unri<-r riHa r%f f boiler, to the chimney; the flame or heated air having, therefore, to traverse the boiler three times; and that, if this were the case, the saving in ihe first outlay upon boilers and buildings would be very considerable, in addition to the annual saving in fuel. Mr. Amory was very desirous that I should try the new furnace upon the Cornish boilers belonging to the East London Water-works Company. 1 suggested that, as the principle of slow combustion had been carried out so much farther than usual in the furnaces at Old Ford, it would scarcely be a fair trial, because the combustion was already so slow, that while the fire-doors were open for firing, the flame and smoke came out into the stoke-hole ; but that, if he was determined to have a trial made, he must not expect the saving, if any, to be at all equal to that obtained by the introduction of the new furnace into works of the ordinary construe- J tion. He, however, resolved to have the trial made ; and the result has proved that a consider- i able saving has been effected, and that he was, therefore, wiae in trusting to this trial. I may here observe, that the statements published 1 in the pamphlet referred to, showing the very great j saving effected in America, should not be rejected j without examination, because they show very great I 4 and, perhaps, to some, almost incredible results. The question is npt what per cmlagt of saving has been effected, but what is the amount of the ultimate result obtained. If this be greater than experience has hitherto shown, there may be some reason for doubt; if it be not, why should the statements of saving be considered incredrbler Now it appears that at three trials, made at three different works? viz., 1st, at Messrs. Hey wood & Carrie's establishment, in Charlestown; 2d, at the dry dock, navyyard, at Charlestown; 3d, at the Portsmouth Cotton Mills?the weight of water evaporated from / 212? was, be/ore ana after the introduction of the Patent furnace, respectively, as follows : Btfort. 'IfltTNo. 1?7.367 11 890, showing a saving tn fuel of 61 per cent. No. 2?7.558 8.782, showing a saving in fuel of 16 per cent. No. 3.?6 260 8.500, showing a saving in fuel of 35 percent. In the two first experiments, the coals used were anthracite, and the mean of the two trials will show that 10.336 lb. of water were evaporated from a temperature of 212? by 1 lb. of antnraritg coal; in | my exfieriinents, published in 1841, 10 203 !h. of water were evaporated from a temperature of 212? by 1 lb. of anthrncite coal. According to the first ! report of the Royal Commissioners "upon coals suited to the steam navy," lately published by Parliament, it appears in table No 6, page 15, that they found that ] lb. of anthracite coal evaporated 9 46 lb. of water from 212?; and they furtner observe, that a Cornish boiler may evaporate 20 per cent. I more than the one used by them in their trials. If I this be correct, the water evaporated would be (see Table X., appendix to ihetr report) equal to 11.34 lb. Now, taking the average of my experiment, the commissioners, and the Cornish, the result will give a mean of 10.331 lb , which happens to be identical with the mean of the two Amt-m-an tria's As regards No 3, the description of coals ta notgiven; and in (he account of the trial made at the Eagle furnace, in Albany, the work done previous to the introduction of the new furnace is not given, and therefore no comparison can be made; nor should 1 be satisfied with the accuracy of a result obtained upon so shorts trial as one of thirteen hours' duration. As the ultimate amount of evaporation, given in the three experiments quoted, is therefore not improbable, there can lf dryness, the level of the water in the boiler at the beginning and termination of an experiment, (which, in s high-pressure boiler, and when supplying a steamengine. is, from the oscillation that takes place, very difficult to determine with accuracy,) the slate of combustion of the fuel at the beginning and end of atrial, the temperature of the feed-water, Ac., may and do lead to the most erroneous conclusions, I think it will appear evident that but little reliance can be placed upon short trials, and that wnerr weir nrr >) m.iny poirim iu uv cumunjf mtended to, the longer the duration of the experiment* the greater will lie the accuracy obtained. The ihortnesi of the trial*, made preriotu to the adoption of an invention, account* tor the constant disappointment* that manufacturer* are exponed to, when after expending large *um* of money with the view of obtaining an advantage, they find, after a longer trial and further experience, they have not obtained the promoted advantage*. A *hort trial laiherefore an injuance to the manufacturer, and it m equally ao to the honeat inventor, whose plan* may thu* be rejeeted on' too alight grounda I have made theae remark* at thi* length, in order to *ati*fy the panic* for whom I have been making the experiment* herein reported; and,although I have been cautiooa in experimenting, and perhaps also alow in Moving that any aaving of lue! could lie made by introducing their furnace into the boiler* in question, nevertheleaa this precaution will be of ad vantage to them, for I think they may fairly conclude hereafter that, 'if in some instances no l*ncfit i* derived from the introduction of their furnace, in *ttrh case* the failure may he attributed to aonic other cauae than a defect in the invention. The experiment* were tried upon three Corni*h boilers, tht outer case# being six feet %ix inches di Si ii ' = S Sv2 ? ? . : a? s* te- 5 c a a.s | ?0 c u- . I. Duration of experiment ! 207 hours 108hours, j '2. Coals consumed - 64,940 lb. 31,64*2 lb. 3. Ditto, per hour - - 313 lb. *293 lb. { 4. Water evaporated - - 449,3*20 lb. 243,680 lb. 5. Ditto, per hour - - 1 *2,170 lb. 2,256 1b. ; 6. Temperature of water be- J fore entering: boilers - I 95.5? 90? j 7. Water evaporated per lb. | of coals from initial temperature - - 6.919 lb. 7.701 lb. j 8. Ditto from 21*2? (latent heat 1000?) : - 7.7*25 lb. 8.640 lb. 9. Clinkers made - - '2.597 lb. 1.4*28 lb. j 10. Ditto, per hour - 12.5 13 lb. j 11. Per centage of clinkers i to coals used - - 4 p. c. 4.5 p. c. 12. Ashes made - - - | 1.298 lb. 731 lb. 13. Ditto, per hour - - 6.25 lb. 6.75 1b. 14. Per centagc of ashes to , coals used - - - 2 p. c. 2.33p.c. 15. Coals minus clinkers and ashes- - - - 61.045 1b. 29.483 1b. 16. Water evaporated per lb. \ of coals minus clinkers and ashes from initial ' temperature - - 1 7.360 lb. 8.265 lb. 17. Ditto, from 212? - - j 8.217 lb. 9.273 lb. I I A reference to the fifth line in this statement will show that the quantity of water evaporated per hour was somewhat greater with than icithout the furnaces; but it should be remarked that, had it ; been necessary to work with the dampers wide j open before this invention was applied, this could not have been the case, as there is no doubt that a t greater draft will be necessary where the new furnaces are applied, and in this case it became neces- : sary to open the dampers wider. The seventh line shows that, when taking the I coals from the heap, without the furnaces, 1 lb. of, coals evaporated 7.725 lbs. of water from 212?, and , urilh the furnaces, 8-640 lbs. of water, or 11.8 per i cent, more than without. And the seventeenth line ' shows, when taking the coals, minus the clinkers \ and ashes, that, icithoul the furnace, 1 lb. of coal evaporated 8.217 lbs. of water from 212?, and with the furnaces 9.273 lbs. of water, or 12.8 per cent, more than without. In the experiments I tried, for the purpose of as- ! certaining what sized opening for admission of air would produce the best effect, I found when any of the air-holes in the bridges were increased rather more than one-third beyond those recorded, (27 square inches,) that the reduction in effect was 5J per cent., and when reduced rather less than onethird, the reduction in effect was 2 J per cent, as regards economy in fuel; it would appear, therefore, that the areas recorded are about the best. Jfter this trial, which exhibits a saving of 11.6 per cent, of fuel in the Cornish boilers, 1 can have no hesitation in declaring, that the saving of 37 per cent, upon the average, stated to have been effected in the American establishments, has been effected, and that there are numberless cases in Great Britain where a similar saving might be produced. 1 have thus far reported upon the advantages of the invention as an economizer of fuel, and not as a smoke-consumer or preventer ; for although the smoke is undoubtedly diminished, not only on account of the reduction in the quantity of coals used, | but owing to the air admitted through the bridge ; I yet there was not a fair opportunity of testing its j merits as a smoke-consumer or preventor, on ac| count of the arrangement of the flues of these boilers. 1 believe, however, that with the one straight flue to the chimney, as in the American furnaces, a much greater reduction would be effected. It may, perhaps, be as well to remark, here, that the gen- ; erality of boilers and furnaces are so badly con- I structed that the waste of fuel and consequent increase of smoke is enormous. In any case, therefore, where the only objection to using any apparatus for the purpose of consuming or preventing smoke is the extra cost of fuel, this would be more than compensated for by an improvement in the furnaces and boilers ; and if a reduction of fuel were effected by introducing slow combustion generally, I have no doubt there would be an average saving of 30 per cent, of fuel in the manufacturing establishments of this kingdom. This would cause an actual reduction of smoke in proportion to the fuel; but there is also no doubt that the reduction of black I smoke evolved from the chimney* would be in a much greater proportion thah the reduction in the quantity of coals, in consequence of the slow combust ion. THOS. WICKSTEED, Engine er. East London Water-works, Old Ford, June 21, 1848. LAP-WKr!br.D IRON Tt RES. Job Cutler, of Birmingham, civil engineer, for I "certain imororemtnls in welded iron pipes or tubes to be used as the flues of steam-boilers.?Granted January 13?Enrolled July 13, 1848. The object of the patentee is to produce lapwelded iron tubes or pipes, so formed as to give inj creased strength to those part* whieh are exposed to wear, without additional weight to the entire length of the tube, and thereby to obviate the evils to which boiler tubes are st present exposed. He makes the internal diameter of the tube greater at one end than at the other, instead of its being the same, or uniform throughout, as has hitherto been the case; the external diameter remaining, however, the same, and uniform throughout the entire length of the tube. The tube will, of course, be cylindrical upon the exterior, and conical upon the interior surface The increased thickness of metal at the one end is to be drawn from the remaining nortinn of the enlire length of the int?e Anrl fur. titer, toe operation i? effected at one heat, ao that the ductility of the iron of which the tube* are composed shall remain unimpaired. The modus i/ptraruh is aa follows: The patentee employs a aeries of grooved rolls, moved by suitable toothed wheels and a mandril, with a conical bulb or head, the stem of which is of increasing diameter towards the opposite end. The skelp, after being properly prepared, as is usual in the manufacture or lap-welded iron tubes, is heated and passed between the first of the series of rolls. It is then welded over the conical bulb, and forced, at the same time, over the stem of the mandril This mandril is held by a grip, attached by a hinge thereto in a stop, ao aa to allow of its being lowered and passed, after the conical bulb has been removed between tne second series of rolls, the diameter of the groove of which is smaller than that of the first series. The tube, wub the mandril still inside, is then passed through the third series of rolls, the groove of which is smaller than that of the second series. The object of these successive rollings, after the ekelp has been welded on the mandril, is to remove any irregularities upon either of the surfaces, and to make the edges of the tube perfectly smooth and uniform. The tube is then taken to the drawing bench, in front of which is a stop, and against which the pipe rests. The stop is furnish ed with a hole to allow of the paaaage of the grip of the mnndril, which la held by a pair of pliera; and, the bench being made to move while the pipe remain* atationarv, the mandril i? withdrawn. When it happen* that the mandril adhere* too lightly to the tube, it la propoaed to heat it in a muffle or bitnare, then to cool the end which reat* againat the *inp, and repeal the above operation, or to roll it cold Iteiween three roller*, aa ta ueually done in atraightening shafting?Ihid. Improttmmtn in thf makr of Iron ?The astonishing increase in the produce of the furnace* in the bituminoii* diatriet, take* it* origin from the application of aienrn arid engine power, to the production of a continuous stream or pillar of blast, in place of i the puffing of the old-fashioned wind bellows, and, j furtner, to a discovery of my highly-valued friend, j Anthony Hill, esq., of the Plymouth Works, Merthyr-Tydvil. It is to the science, energy, and research of this gentleman, that the iron-trade is indebted for the practical discovery that the cinders produced in the various stages of converting, in our forges, crude or cast-iron into wrought or malleable iron, were capable of being resmelted and reconverted in the blast-furnace, and the iron they contained (amounting to 50, 60, and 70 per cent.) profitably extracted from them. These cinders were formerly thrown away aa refuse, or used only for the repair of our roads and thoroughfares?they are now eagerly sought after, and purchased at values as high as some of our richest iron ores.? To Mr. Hill a debt of public gratitude, and something more, is due, which I should rejoice to see properly acknowledged and paid. Mr. Yates, of Rotnernaro, Yorkshire, has at his works at Wingerworth, near Chesterfield, erected blast-furnaces of an entirely different construction from those in use in this district, and the plan of which he has patented. They are about 520 feet in height, of a peculiar shape, and are blown with a soft fanblast. When I visited them, a few months ago, they were working admirably, and producing excellent pig-iron, at the rate of 120 tons and upwards in a week, at each furnace. These furnaces, and their blowing apparatus and appendages, appeared to me ho simple and inexpensive ot construction in comoai ison with the huge piles of masonry and ponderous machinery of our blast-furnaces and engines in Wales, that I imagined they would create a perfect revolution in the iron trade. In the anthracite districts of our mineral basin, the improvements effected by the late Mr. Crane, and the application by him of hot blast to the smelting of iron with anthracite coal, were acknowledged, certainly not more gratefully than they deserved to be, by those who are interested in the mineral productions of the anthracite districts, wherein the deposit of ironstone or ore is enormous, but its reduction with its acompanying fuel almost new. The recent improvements of Mr. J. Palmer Budd, adopted at his extensive works at Ystalyfera, near Neath, and patented by him, are worthy of the greatest attention. Mr. Budd, who read an admirable paper explanatory of his improvements, to the chemical section of the meeting at which my uddress was delivered, and with the kindest liberality invited the members of the association to visit and inspect his works, has succeeded in economizing the use and consumption of an expensive and valuable fuel, and in preserving from positive waste, and applying to profitable use, volumes of heat evolved in the process of smelting, heretofore allowed to escape.?Engineer and Architects Journal. TRIAL. Of SCREW STEAMERS AT SPITHEAD. Hnr.. ComparaVesaele. Tons. Builders. _?_.r Engin'r. live powP?wer er to tonnace. Termagant 1600 White 620 Seaward 1 to'2J Encounter 900 Fincham 300 Penn 1 to 3 Plumper 480 " 60 Miller 1 to 8 The Plumper, achooner-rigged, with guns and tores on board, was first out of harbor, soon fol* lowed by the Encounter, with no stores or guns? the three lower masts in, but no other spars on board ; her draft of water 11 feet 1 inch forward, 13 feet 4 inches aft. She was followed by the Termagant, having only one of her lower masts, (the foremast;) she drew fifteen feet forward, and 17 feet 4 inches aft. She made with her engines 33 revolutions, which, with a multiplying power of 2, gave 66 revolutions per minute to her screw?her engine kept a terrible noise, but this will decrease wnen the engine has been used for some time. The three steamers were first tried along the measured mile in Stokes Bay. The Encounter did the nautical mile in six minutes, and the Termagant was something more than that time in running the distance. The Encounter made good ten knots per hour, and the Termagant, eight knots nine-tentns. The speed of the Plumper, with her auxiliary power of only 60 horse, could not be expected to compete with the other vessels; she made something better than six knots. They were now tried, starting from the Powerful, at Spithead, and going round a vessel anchored at the Motherbank, three times. Their relative steam was in this trial about the same, the Encounter making ten knots, and the Termagant nine. The Board of Admiralty visited each of these steamers while at Spithead, and minutely watched and inspected the working of the engines ; on the whole, the Encounter was the favorite vesael. At three, p. m., the Encounter and Termagant returned into harlior, and the Plumper soon followed.? The .frtizan. THE REPUBLIC. WASHINGTON: THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 28, 1849 OFFICIAL. APPOINTMENT BY THE PRESIDENT. 1 sjurvetor of the customs. William Y. Leitch, Charleston, South Carolina, vice Myer Jacobs, removed. THE POLICY OP NKITRALITY AWD PEACE. The L'nivn, a few days since, contained a leading article headed "An Age of Brass and a Brazen Face." Never was there a more appropriate exordium to such an essay. In this article it alludes to a statement made by our highly esteemed contemporary?the National Intelligencer? to the effect that Count Bulow, President Gagern, and M. Duckwitz, had expressed their satisfaction with the course adopted by the Secretary of State and the Administration. To this the Union re plies: "Very likely Mr. Clayton and the Cabinet played directly into their handa. In their zeal to disgrace the preceding Democratic ad mi mat ration, and to show to the struggling patriots of Europe that they had nothing to expect irom the friendship of the American Government, they had unwittingly played into the hands of the Kirig of Prunsia in Ins scheme to break up the German Empire, in the iuo ceaaful establishment of which he saw an ultimate confederated republic. Truly, both he and his ministers should have (men gratified when they saw their own (mind scheme eo efficiently aided by the gross blunder of the American Administration, committed in its zeal to reflect upon its predecessor, and to discourage the popular cause in Europe Besides, even if they really had any particular desire to build up a navy for Germany, monarchists aa they were, and in favor of the old state of things, (hey were willing to forego the lesser advantage for the greater one, of having (he American Government on their side against the popular movement, which ihey had the greatest interest in suppressing " These remarks prove one of two thingsthat the Union has never read the corre spondence recently published between Baron RoEwnE and the Secretary of State, or that it is guilty of wilful misrepresentation. The distinct allegation of the Union in the same article that Messrs. Bulow, Gagern,and Duckwitz, were "distinguished ministers of the King of Prussia," betrays either gross inaccuracy of information or gross audacity in misstatement. Of the latter quality we can never suspect a journal which rejoices so in moral issues as the sole organ of the Opposition. n : j a t' * * i f 1/ rr'hiunii wa'.kk^i h mimnifrui mc j*ing of Prussia! President Gagf.rn was the president of the Frankfort Parliament, and a* such at the head of the Liberty party in Germany. This is the noble patriot who, with one hundred other true friends of German liberty, has now removed from Frankfort-on-the-Main to Stuttgart, in Wirtemburg, where he stands almr4fc as conspicuous m Hancock was in the days of our Revolution, at the head of the party defending popular rights. THE REPUBLIC. M. Duckwitz a minister of the King of Prussia ! M. Duckwitz wait the minister of Commerce and Marine of the German Confederation?not the minister of ; the King of Prussia. Both President Gageiim and M. Duckwitz, as well as all other true friends of German rights who are known to have expressed themselves on the subject, have declared that they entirely and highly approve the course pursued by Mr. Clayton, under the neutral policy of the Administration. This is not the approval the President sought?it comes unsolicited. He desired only the approbation of the American people. He has obtained not only their approbation, but that of parties which L ~ J* I A. l!_!x I !i * L!_ A. lie uiu itui somcii, oecause u is ins amy 10 execute the laws of his own country without reference to the favor with which his policy may be received abroad. If our policy had been as odious to the German authorities, as that of President Washington or that of Mr Secretary Jefferson was to Citizen Genet, that fact would not have disturbed the course which President Tatlor and Mr. Secretary Clayton felt it their duty to adopt. The policy of the Administration on one great subject of national interest may be stated in two brief phrases : in our domestic relations, concord?in our foreign relations, amity and neutrality. In the words of an English philosophical statesman, " The proposition is peace. Not peace through the medium of war ; not peace to be hunted through the labyrinth of intricate and endless negotiation ; not peace to arise out of universal discord, fomented from principle in all parts of the empire ; not peace to depend on the judicial determination of perplexing questions, or the precise marking of the shadowy boundaries of a complex government. It is simple peace ; sought in its natural course and in its ordinary haunts. It is peace sought in the spirit of peace, and laid in principles purely pacific." If the Union is very solicitous to learn our commission to proclaim this as the policy of the Administration, it may consult the first Alison letter, the inaugural of President Taylor, and the correspondence between Baron Roenne and Mr. Clayton, in regard to the war steamer, the United States. ORGANI8M. In its published prospectus the Union announced itself, a few weeks since, as the "sole organ" of the "Democratic party" at the seat of the Federal Government. This is an interesting relation to a great party. We suppose it is all right. But we are somewhat distressed at the equivocal appearances of the "sole organ;" and we are a little desirous to see the commission that constitutes the Union what it purports to be. We are not in the habit of asking or answering impertinent inquiries, but since the Union seems to have a penichant for the witness-box, we suppose it will submit itself, without reluctance, to a little cross-questioning. It is a very Yan- | kee fashion, the Union knows, to answer 1 u.. iL unc ijucsuuii uy jiuuuig auuuier. Will the Union have the kindness, then, to produce the papers? I^et us have a look at the parchment and the wax. Where are the credentials by virtue of which it claims to be the sole organ, or any sort of an organ, of the Democratic party ? It is obvious that we cannot treat with it in its assumed character, unless it shows fair and honest title to the position it assumes. Once more: Of which wing of the Locofoco party does it claim to be the sole organ ? Is it the sole organ of Mr. Calhoun and his followers, or are they without the pale of the great Democracy ? Is it the sole organ of Mr. Benton and his 1 friends; and, if so, why is it afraid to say Mr. Benton in its columns? Is it the sole organ of that "sweet little fellow," Mr. Van Burin, and the "virtuous" B. F. Butler, and the coalition of Barnburners and Locofocos in Wisconsin, Vermont, Connecticut, and New York? ? If yea, why does it not republish the coalition resolutions of the New York Locofocos, and the ! elegant extracts from the Union of 1848, 1 discussing the merits of a certain "disgust- ' ing coalition" which took place about a twelvemonth since? Or is it the sole organ of the Locofocos who have been turned out of office ? If so, how happens it that even some of them repudiate it t We un derstand that Mr. Eli Moore himself no longer swears by the Union; and, by the following letter, which we copy from its columns of yesterday, we find that it has undertaken to speak for at least one re- i moved Locofoco without authority: Coumsna, Mist., June 15, 1849. To Ik* FdUor? of tit Union: Gcmti.kmrn : Or observing, a few daya since, the official notice of my removal from the office of United States attorney for the northern district of Mississippi, I immediately addressed a note to the editor of the Democrat of this place, requesting him not to indulge in crimination or complaint on account of my ejection My reasons stated for such a request were these: Viewing the course of the Administration, I anticipated that which has occurred the more certainly, as I had positively refused the assistance of many leading Whigs in the district, voluntarily tendered, to retain me in the place ; and that I was unwilling to become the object of newspaper notoriety or controversy about a matter of so little personal interest to me. Judge, , then, of my regret on observing the very kindlyintended article about myself which appeared in your paper of the'8th inst To correct the mistakes of that article?liesed upon incorrect information?is the object of thia communication It is true, I commanded a comfiany from this place about nineteen months during tnr war with % Mexico. 1 was not amongst the first' to rush to the rescue, my health at that time preventing. , Neither was I a inemltas of the first Mississippi regiment, nor at the battfts of Monterey and Buenu Via ta. I would further atale, that I know of no unusual bond of sympathy that ever existed between Qen. Taylor and the regiment to which I was attached. He certainly waa under no obligations to me, unless experience shall have taught hint that those were his best friends who labored most assiduously to prevent his occupying the seat he now does. 1 do not censure the Administration for its course towards me, as I conceive I have no personul cause. Again expressing my repugnance to this character of notoriety, permit me to add my grateful acknowledgments for your kind intentions. A. K. BLYTHE. If it is not the sole organ of any one of nQpfiau i u if f Ko unlo or/vn n rvf IV/I r kMvuv ma a v ov/iv ui an Ui mi Cass?who differs a little in his views from both Mr. Benton an^Mr. Van Buhen ? Again: A section of the Locofoco party is in favor of Harbor and River Improvements?a section is opposed to them. Of which of these interests is the Union the sole organ ? Once more: A portion of the Locofoco party is in favor of modifying the Tariff. The Pennsylvania Locofocos, Dallas and all, went in for the Tariff of 1842. A portion of the Locofocos is opposed to any change in the Tariff. Of which of these interests is the Union the sole organ ? Now if the Union is not the sole organ of any one of these interests, how can it be the sole organ of all of them put together ? If it pares off all of them from the party of which it claims to be the sole organ, how much of that party is^ft ? Or, by wnat autnority does tne union issue its I own manifesto o( principles or dogmas, and by virtue of its " sole organism " undertake to reorganize the Locofoco party on a basis which no one section of it has sanctioned, and in which no one section of it acquiesces ? We perceive the difficulties under which the Union labors, and our respect for the unfortunate induces us to sympathize with its afflictions. It is unpleasant to measure ! a neighbor's pretensions by the realities of his case, and find them so far from coincidence. The organism to which the Union can lay just claim seems to be only a sort of residuum of its relation to the late Administration. It seems to be playing the part of an executor in his own wrong, with the effects of a subverted dynasty; and as far as it can realize any thing out of such unsubstantial properties ^as broken laws and unpaid debts, we have no disposition to interfere with it. The Union will please to take notice, that the " country demands " an answer to the several interrogatories that we have propounded. And it will please to observe, further, that unless it gives us categorical answers, and produces the documents, it will subject itself to several severe inflictions, not the least severe of which will be our own serious displeasure. The Union must produce the credentials constituting it the " sole organ " of the entire Locofoco party, while it is repudiated by every section of it?or own that it does not possess the credentials. In the latter case, it is obvious enough that it will not be worth while for us to waste time in discussing its assertions or its denials, or to ask it any more questions. Assertions, denials, statements, or arguments, in the Union's eyes, can be of no manner of value in political discussions, unless the disputants come before the public with ?U J collars auiy inscrioea? " I'm Bobby Shafton's dog,? Whoae dog arc you?" IS GENERAL TAYLOR A STERO OR IfOTI Since the Union is in the catechizing vein, we suppose it is as ready to answer as it is to ask questions. Now, we have a serious inquiry to put to the "sole organ" of Locofocoism at the seat of Government. A few days since the Union called President Taylor a "Nero." Yesterday, in its leading article, it called him "an honest old soldier." We wish to know by which of these opinions it intends to stand. If we know the particular Nero to whom the Union refers, he was any thing but an none01 oia soiaier. Me was an old fiddler. He was an old debauchee. He was an old murderer. He kicked one of his wives and killed her He caused an other of them to be put to death. He assassinated his mother. He poisoned sundry of his friends and counsellors. All this he did before he reached his thirtyfirst year, when he died by his own hand. This is the gentleman of whom the Union declares that Gen. Taylor is another of i the same kind. We therefore call on the Union to ex- 1 plain. Did it call General Taylor a Nero in a Pickwickian sense? Or is the Union really under the impression that Nero was "an honest old soldier?" We pause for a rep'y I 'SITKD #TATRS SI I ST. We understand that, by a new regula- j tion which has been adopted at the Phila- i delphia mint, with the concurrence of the secretary ot the treasury, and which is to take effect on and after the first of July, gold combined with silver will be parted at such rates as will yield an increased return to depositors. The California gold, for example, will pay about a half of one per cent, more than heretofore, and the return upon pale doubloons, Bechtler's coins, and most of the gold of North Carolina, will be somewhat greater. HOW ItUUVLD IT BE DOBK1 The sole organ of the Opposition cannot conceal its disgust at the mode in which removals are about to be made. It understands that printed circulars are to be issued, and this reminds it of lettrea de cachet and the Bastile. It calls for a copy of the circular. It is very difficult to take the sting out of a removal from office. Suppose it were to come in the shape of a billet doux, does the Union imagine it wpuld be any the more agreeable? Does the sole organ imagine that men in their senses are to be moved by such arrant nonsense? To set this matter right and at rest forever, we will copy the paragraph of the Premeditated Proscription.?We are informed thai the heads of Departments have had a large number of blanks primed, to be used for notices to those clerks, and other persons in office, whom they design to remove. We understand that this is tne first time in the history of our Government when prinltd notices have been required by lite urgency of proscription, and the number of victims destined for butchery. It shows that the system of proscription is premeditated, and will be sweeping. If any of our friends will furnish us with a specimen of these modern "lettres de cachet," so common during the reign of the Bastile in France, we will give it to our readers. When such preparations are made for wide and sweeping political butchery, how can the mendacious minions of this corrupt Administration have the hardihood to ussert that removals are made for causes other than political? How much more manly and honorable it would be if they would come out and frankly admit that they want the offices, and therefore they remove their opponents. The circulars to which the Union refers were prepared in the Treasury Department, by the order of the late Secretary, as long ago as the 24th of January. They were printed by his employes, and delivered on the 6th of February. The whole matter, then, it seems, was begun and completed by the last Administration. The present heads of Departments have had nnthintr tr>