The republic. [volume], July 11, 1849, Image 2

About The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853

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* -S ** V"
Agricultural Kduratton.
BV AURICULA.
The subject which is now attracting much attention,
not only in this State, but in many of the
Stales of our Union, is the education of farmers'
sons for their profession, thai of Agriculture. The
prejudice which has loo lon? existed among fanners,
and which, it must be admitted, has arisen from
a wrong idea of the education proposed, is fast giving
away to the light which experience is bringing
to bear upon this all important matter. No one
thinks of preparing his son to be a physician, attorney,
or divine, without providing the means for
his acquiring a particular knowledge of the studies
uesi raicuiaicu iu nun iur uic puiouu ??v m .
to follow. When we urge the same considerations |
upon the farmer in regard to the education of his I
son, for the pursuit of Agriculture, it is not unfrequenlly
said?"What more is necessary than to
learn the lad in the field the routine of farm lalior?s
the practices which 1 huve pursued as to the manner
of preparing my land?the time of sowing and
planting?" This is all important, and we advocate
no system of education that will dispense with it.
Suppose we should, in the case of the physican,
adopt the same rule. The young man, instead of
pursuing u course of study by which he is familiarly
and thoroughly instructed in the complicated
machinery of the human body, the laws which regulate
and govern diseases, the peculiar nature und
habits of disease, begins at once to visit patients
with the physician, P?y? no attention to the teachings
of science ana the researches of others; he
might, eventually, acquire information that would
be useful, but how much less likely to be successful,
than one who, in addition to this practical education
with his instructor at the bedside, had enjoyed
the benefits of u thorough education previous
to entering upon theucuve duties of his profession.
May it not safely be affirmed, that every man in
the community would prefer the one who had combined
with practice the thorough preparation of himself
by all the aids which science and the experience of
others had afforded him?
It can t>e hardly necessary in this day ot light
anil knowledge to attempt to show that there is
much for every farmer to learn from science to aid
him in his work: the nature of soils, their constituent
elements, their adaptation to particular
crops, the quality of manures as determined by
analysis, the effect of heat and cold upon vegetation,
and many other things which can be only certainly
known through the agency of science. What,
may it not be asked, is to prevent every farmer
who shall be thoroughly instructed from availing
himself for practical purposes of these advantages1
The researches which have been made by scientific
men have developed many interesting and important
facts?and the time is not far distant when
many more will be brought to light, which will
greatly lessen the labors of the farmer, and enable
him, with economy, to adopt a system of farming
that will remunerate him liberally.
Perhaps it may be asked, what system, if adopted
here, would thus aid the farmer? Without at this
uMwiiiw urhnt I sunnnse would be a svstem in
",,,v & * '*& ri - - ? j ?
every respect well calculated to accomplish such a
result, it may be sufficient to say?that a school to
prepare young men for the duties that are to devolve
upon them should be so arranged as to give
them a thorough course of education, combined
with its practical adaptation to the entire work of
the farm, even in the most minute portions of labor.
To accomplish this, a farm of liberal extent must
be connected with the instituuon, where experiments
could in the first place be carefully made on
some small portion of it, and when satisfactorily
tested, be carried into practice in the general culture
of the farm. An opportunity must also be
furnished of testing the qualities of different breeds
of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine. How little is
now really known by the great body of our farmers
in relauon to these matters. Who is there,
from actual trial and experiment, is prepared to
say which, of all the breeds of cattle, is best adapted
to this State, for the dairy or for the shambles ?
Has a trial and comparison been made between the
different breeds called improvtd, and the native stock,
an ihat it <\nn he aaid this is the best for the firmer*
of New York* 1 answer: No. And I would ask,
. is it not important that these questions, so important
to the farming interest, should be determined r
And would not an institution, discreetly managed
by a judicious, intelligent, and thoroughly qualified
practical man, in time work out for us a solution of
these questions ? So, loo, with regard to horses,
sheep, and swine?the above remarks are equally
* applicable
There are now in this Slate a large variety of
grains in use?each hue its advocates?and yet it is
not true that it was decided there are some varieties
superior to others, and better adapted probably
to our climate and sods. And where shall these
questions be settled more aausfactonly and certainly
than at an institution with a liberal farm, of different
varieties of soils, where a scries of experiments
could be carried oil with all the varied grains,
for a term sufficient to test their qualities in every
rtespect? There are other matters all important to
be ascertained, and which at present are but little
attended to, at least ao far as the trreal body of the
farmers are concerned. I allude to a rotation of
crops, and applicaUon of manures, beat calculated
to five profitable returns to the farmer, while it serures
to him the constant fertility of his soil.?
Where could this be better ascertained than at an
instiluuon where a series of experiments with different
crops, in different rotations, and with varied
manures, carefully analyzed, could be carried out?
In each of theae cases, time is necessary to obtain
satisfactory results?and the State, at an institution
of this kind, could secure such results as would, in
the end, greatly add to the prosperity and success
of the farmer, in the management of ins farm
Permit me to caution my readers not to expect
loo much at once from an institution in every reelect
rightly adapted to the wants of the farmer
Time will be required for it to develop ita advantages
The work of improvement ia not the work
of a day or of a year. Experiment*, to be useful,
muat lie long continued, often repeated, before they
can Iw relied upon ; and although a young man,
trained in an institution thoroughly, will himself be
prepared to do great good, yet the great practical
l*enefits to the farmer aa to the general course
of hi* operation* both aa to hia crops, manures
and animals, must be a work of time, and cannot
be hastily decided with safety. Time for
experiments to lie thoroughly tested, time for
the investigations to be in every respect carefully
made, muat be allowed Let thia be borne in
mind, and I doubt not an institution, under the
< harge of properly qualified instructors, men ol
n11fel, rn'-ri of pr ?:ti > adaptation to the want* of the
age?not mere theorists or fancy men, would eventually
secure the approlmtion of all, and would b<
crowded with the young men of ourSiate. and would
annually send forth many in all reapeeta well quali
fied to discharge their duties as farmers, and alw
prepared, when called into public life, to dischargt
their higher duties as representatives of their pro
fession, the great producing class of our country.
Should I have leisure, nnd should you not hav<
more im|w>rtiint matter for your pa|>er, I design t<
pursue this subject, and give in detail the course t<
oe pursued at an institution which, in my judg
ment, would lie well designed to accomplish th<
great work now needed?Ik* tkertmfh rdur ajum o
tn* wn* of r?nw?T?.
/)ctoti?m.?The Pittaburg Gazette, apeak i rig r
the ravage* of the cholera on board the uteambot
Wyoming, on her late paaaage from St. Lout* t
that place, aJV?:
" There were two females on the Wyomini
Mia* I-?dd, of Majumlle, and Mias Dillon, of Pitu
burg. whose condu' J i" worthy of the highei
praiae When poor Ro?era waa lying in the lai
agonies of death, they came forward from the li
die*'cabin, volunteered their aervicea, and aaaiste
in rendering every aid to the dying man that cool
poaaibly be tieatnwed."
How true m the language of the poet:
'* When (nun and ariguiah wring the brow,
A ministering angel, thou."
The Locofoco* nrr not disposed to be Mlilfir
with thia Administration, do what it may. M
. Kwing gave off)'': to voting Mitchell, th?- brothi
of the Inab patriot of that name. and the Unk;
pronounced it n acheme to humbug the Irish We|
then, Collin* ia lumrd nut of the coheclorship i
Cincinnati, and the Looofoco pre** imrnediatel
denounce General Taylor for " Nativei* "? cri
elty to the pre**''?" hatred to adopted '.miena,
Ac. Poor fellowa, it i* a hard thing to make liie
happy, utile** it he by continuing them under t|
chloroformic influence* of Uncle Sam's mom
cheat.?OweTurv Time*.
,
The Wa*hmgton Union, noticing the removal
aome of ita friend* from office, ?ay?, that "t
place* which knew them *hall know th?m
more."
Thia eery pathetic remark appears to he a prei
full admiaamn that the Union has no expectation
the return of it* party to power, for, in that ca
it ia very naturally to be supposed that the pla<
which have known the poor fellow* in rpiesti
Hiight.know then again.?L/uwitU Journal.
m
? r ? :
THE REPUBLIC.
W A S111N GTON:
WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 11, 184a.
"NO ENKMlUh TO PUNISH."
The Union, and that portion of the Locofoco
press which finds in the reeking
columns of the Metropolitan fugleman a
congenial ruthlessness of denunciation,
have extracted from the centre of a sentence,
in the first Allison letter, the words
* * * 1 1 J J
at the head oi tins article; ana, aner auuing
"no friends to reward," to strengthen
the construction they resolved to give
them, have made the forgery the groundwork
of the shameless invectives which
are daily fulminated against General Taylor.
They construe the remark above
quoted, and the interpolation they have
made upon it, into a pledge that every
Locofoco office-holder would be retained
in place, and that the Whig party, proscribed
as it had been for twenty years,
should remain proscribed forever. Following
out the design of this artful solution,
they now pretend to regard the dismissal
of an officer as an impeachment of
his honesty or a violation of a pledge. The
hypocrisy of this scheme to keep the Administration
surrounded and embarrassed
by the agents of a hostile party was made
transparent by the eagerness with which
the Opposition adopted and acted upon it.
The resignation of the old Cabinet was
wellnigh denounced as an act of proscription.
Mr. Buchanan and his colleagues
barely escaped canonization; but they
alone were permitted to depart without a
badge of martyrdom. The first removals
made by the new Cabinet?those necessary
to admit to posts of confidential relation
individuals personally known to the
Secretaries?were decried as breaches of
every article in the decalogue, and from
that day to this the strain of invective has
flowed without ebb. The Secretaries of
the new Administration were required to
retain about their persons the confidential
advisers of their predecessors, and to carry
on the affairs of government with assistants
of whom they had no knowledge of
any one man. Such were the demands
of the Opposition; and monstrous as they
will be acknowledged to be by all rational
minds, the President is traduced and derided
in every form of brutal and offensive
attack for not compelling his Cabinet to
submit to them.
It is needless to tell any one familiar
with the tactics of the Union, that there is
no sincerity in its construction of General
Taylor's language, nor that the tears with
which it bedews the fate of its partisans
betray no real grief. To the l/hum, at
least, to consider the removal of an officeholder
the punishment of an enemy, is a
novel mode of reasoning. That journal
has made a distinct and different construction
of the exercise of the appointing
power. In 1845, it upholded its doctrine
in the following formulary:
"All the offices held at the will of the Executive
are nuppoaed by the ConaUtuUon to be reached by
Iht renovating principle tn the re-election of every Chief
.Mogul rate II lie t?e chosen i>y tne people io cnange
the principle* and measure* of hia predeceaaor, in
the conduct of the Government, to reform aliuaea,
and put it on a new tack, he ha* the power
mainlt through changing it* aoehtr. The sailing
of the ahip is not leaa in the liandaof thoae who
trim the amis, than in his who holds the helm.
Hence, as it is supposed the people, in choosing a
new President, may choose a new direction for the
public affairs, he hat conferred upon him the unhnuttd
power of changing the men through whom they are
managed. On his induction into office, every head
of a department resigns, as a matter of course, his
commission; and this act of the first functionary of
every class of public service is, ui effect, to say
that every place under them is vacant, if the President
chooses to consider it No subordinate 0ppicar
hold* hi* place but bt a permission equivalent
to a reappointment; and the true theory of
our Government in regard to the subsidiary Executive
functionaries is, that none should be permitted
to remain, or, in other words, be reapwh(.m
th* President would not under the
circumstance* attending each caae. appoint to oppick.
He ia just a* responsible for returning a* for
appoiiUin* "
The first principle above laid down is,
i that all offices within reach of the Execu,
tive are vacated by every re-election, or,
' as the Union more elegantly expresses it,
I "are reached by the renovating principle
" in the re-election of every Chief Magis!
tratc."
The next is, that a President elected by
> the people to chang^ the principles and
, measures of his predecessors must reform
* abuse* "mainly through changing the
/ agents of government."
The. "renovating principle" issostrong>f
ly insisted upon, that the matter-of-course
II resignation of the heads of departments b
equivalent to saying that every place un,
der them i* vacant.
According to the articles of belief herr
,t contended for, the resignation of Mr.
' Polk's Cabinet va< ated all the officei
d of the Government within the gift of the
Pre?ident or hi* Secretaries. If there ha*
been any proscription, it has been don?
by the old Cabinet, not by the new one
When they resigned, they in effect re
r "igned for all officers under them. Thi.'
* is the logic of the Union; arid yet that pa
?' per continues to make an outcry over s
few removals, in the fare of a principle s<
" clearly laid down and enforced by itself.
tt* But to return to the Union'* article
'y This vacating of the offices by the resigna
f tion of the head* of departments is ye
he mor?- forcibly urged. It contends tha
1 every subordinate holds his place by
ny permission ((equivalent to a reappoint
?! ment," and that none should he reaf
** pointed whom the President would not i
on .... . _.
I the first instance appoint to office.
How can the Union now argue enmity
from removals from ottice? It may just as
well infer hostility from a refusal to appoint
to oflice in the tirst instance, and so
denounce the President as the foe of every
individual in the United States who is not
an office-holder. But the last sentence in
the Union's creed is the strongest of all.
It says the President is "just as responsible
for retaining as for appointing."
Is it not clear that, under the construction
given by the Union to the constitu*
1 liU^l | I
tional power 01 removal auu me iuw uuu
usages regulating it, when there is a
change of administration, there can be no
proscription? It contends that the offices
are all reached by the election, virtually
vacated by the resignation of the heads of
departments; that if any one is permitted
to remain, it is equivalent to appointing
him to odice in the first instance; that the
newly elected President is responsible to
the people for retaining any one in office;
and that the ends of reformation designed
I? iI.~ />konmnnp an anmmiutrg.
uy U1C ill tuaii^iug
tion are to be reached mainly through
changing the agents and subordinate officers
of government. The Union's clamor
against proscription is dissembling merely,
for it contends that all the offices were in
effect vacated by the election of General
Taylor and the resignation of Mr. Polk's
Cabinet; and its anathemas against the
President are sheer guile, for it holds that
the will of the people in changing an administration
cannot be carried out but by
a change in the subordinate agents of the
Government?the hands which utrim the
sails." The Union now is all horror and
dismay, when less has been done in the
way of removals than it maintains the people
require at the hands of the President.
It affects the indignation of wounded morality.
It fears the example of official infirfelifv
unnn thp religions sentiment of the
? J -J? o ?
age. We advise this accusing angel to
drop a few tears upon the record.
The Hon. Thomas W. Chinn, of Louisiana,
left this city yesterday morning for
Boston, whence he will sail on the ISth for
Naples, to assume the duties of United
States Charge d'Affairs to the Kingdom of
the Two Sicilies. Mr. Chinn was formerly
a Representative in Congress from
Louisiana, and is favorably known to the
members with whom he served as an efficient,
intelligent, and diligent public officer.
The United States will have in him
an able and an upright representative.
rne good wiiioi ail wno know mm accom- ;
pany him on his voyage. May success
attend him in his mission, and improved
health reward his services.
Mr. Alexander Barrow, the son of
the late Senator Barrow, accompanies
Mr. Cwmw as private secretary. It is
saying much for Mr. Barrow to add, that
in character and dis|>osition he much resembles
his distinguished and lamented
father.
lord brol gil a m,
Our Cauadlan Frontier and tltr Smuggling
Trade.
We have long been aware that the personal
morals of Lord Brougham were not
of a very saintly character. He is generally
reputed to drink freely, and swear
roundly, and indulge pretty liberally in all
forms of |>olite dissipation. His |M>litical
morals have always set loosely about him,
but we must confess that we were not
quite prepared for the demonstration made
by his lordship in the House of Beers, in
the debate of the 19th ultimo, on his reso
lution on the Canada Indemnification bill.
After a long and somewhat rambling,
though entertaining discourse on Canadian
history and parties, Lord Brougham offered
his opinions on the feelings with w hich
the United States regard the prevailing
troubles in Canada. He could not conceive
that the people of this republic were
not covetous of more land, and were not
looking with breathless anxiety on the
struggle pending between (Jreat Britain
and her North American Colonies. "He
believed that America counted every day an
age until she heard that this bill received
the royal assent?that she counted every
day an age until England plunged her fellow-subjects
into the gulf now yawning to
receive them."
Now, we lielieve if his lordship were
aware of the very small degree of excitei
ment and anxiety prevailing in the United
States on this subject, he would admit?for
the first time, it may l>e, in the history ol
' the world?that the United States present
an instance of an unambitious repub
i lie?a republic that can survey adjacent
! territory without the desire to possess it?
t a republic content with her own ample doJ
minions and her own countless people.
For thi? state <>f the public tnind we are
mainly indebted to the ground taken by
* President Taylor in his Alison letter, in
- his Inaugural Address, and in the course
i pursued by liiin with the war-steamer
i United States. The American people understand
perfectly that their (Government
. will not suffer itsell to be implicated in
any manner with the troubles of foreign
t governments, be they near or remote?be
it they developing on their own borders, or
a on the highway of nations. They under[
; stand perfectly that no act violating our
- neutrality will be for a,moment tolerated;
ii and hence the perfect repose and calm in
I the public mind, with regard to a state ol
THE REPUBLIC.
tilings among our Canadian neighbors,
which would have doubtless been improved,
if General Cass had been elected
to the Presidency into an easy ? inevitable
war."
We believe, tfien, if Lord Brougham
had been better acquainted with the people
and the present Administration of the
United States, he would not have looked
with so much jealous apprehension to the
results of republican ambition in our case.
11 she remains a loyal colony until we
" cevet" her into the Union, we imagine
that the British government will long remain
in ihe undisputed enjoyment of
Canada.
In the conclusion of his speech, however,
Lord Brougham presents the question
of loyalty or annexation in a light that
may render it extremely interesting to the
American Government and the American
people. He urges upon the lords the necessity
of preserving Canada to the British
government, on the ground that its great
extent of frontier presents such admirable
facilities for defrauding the revenue of the
United States! That we may not do injustice
to his lordship, we will cite his own
words. " We have withdrawn protection
from our manufactures," said his lordship?"
not so thd Americans. They
desired to increase the protection on theirs.
What now prevented it ? Upper Canada,
a frontier of. fourteen hundred or fifteen
hundred miles, which it was utterly and
absolutely impossible to protect." His
lordship added :
"No amount of American police or of American
militia, much iess of custom-house or excise officers,
could prevent a bale of goods crossing that
extensive frontier into America. A friend of his
some time since saw a number of hatchets in Illinois.
He said, 'These look like our manufacture.'
' No,' replied the American with whom
he was speaking,' you cannot make them.' Some
time afterward he returned, and found that they
were supplied with the same description of tools
from Birmingham. It appeared that another party
went there, and seeing the American hatchets, in3uired
what they were sold at; he was told one
ollar and twenty-five cents, each. He undertook
to send them a consignment trom Birmingham, and
he did send twenty-five thousand hatchets, which
were sold at half n dollar each. Notice was given
to the government and the excise, and down came
the custom-house officers and militia to seize them;
but the attempt was futile, for when they arrived,
they found them all sold. Every man had bought
his hatchet for his half a dollar, and carried it off on
his shoulder. And thus it was with all other articles
of manufacture; the difference of the price was
such that no mere custom-house regulation would
prevent their introduction.
"All we required to insure the introduction of our
goods into America was a frontier ; that frontier we
had while we possessed Canada, and that the
Americuns knew well. Tariff there could be none;
that was a dream, an impossibility, while we retained
Upi>er Canada. (Hear.) Therefore it was
that he conjured their lordships to do all they could
to knit to us the affections of our fellow-subjects in
Canada. * " * * It was
impossible to be aware of the strong feelings of loyalty
which | ervaded the great mass of our fellowsubjecta
in Canada, and not feel that it would be a
cruel policy to take any steps to throw them into
the hands of the Americans. (Hear, hear.)
UI In liatl tiaon man utifViin (km laul I Vt ma uraalro
men born and bred in Canada; men who had toiled
and bled for their country; men to whom Canada
had been a home for the last half century; men whoae
possessions, whose families, whose every tie was in
Canada?nod Uir?? men told him tk??o tfccjr i.uJ
such a horror of being given up to the great dominant
republic of the west, a horror proceeding to
such an extent, that if that catastrophe were consummated,
they would leave Canada, as their forefathers
had left America, and sacrifice their homes
to their loyallv to England. (Hear, hear.) He
implored their lordships not to hasten that catastrophe.
He called upon them to save their Canadian
fellow-suhjecu from the effects of this whim of responsible
government carried to an absurd and
reckless excess; he implored them to adopt the
resolutions which he was about to submit, and
which he believed would set as oil on the troubled
waters?(a laugh)?and restore peace and contentment
to the colony."
If Lord Brougham is very anxious to
prevent his loyal brethren in Canada from
falling into the hands of the Americans,
he is taking a very strange position in
their behalf. The main idea in his lordship's
Canadian policy rests on defrauding
the American Government. He urees
- o
the importance of preserving Canada to
the British crown, on the ground that
through that channel Great Britain can
to all intents and purposes repea/any tariff
act of the United States, and render it "a
dream, an impossibility." He tells the
world, in short, that there is at this present
moment a system of smuggling carried
on along the Canadian frontier, which
laughs at excisemen and custom-house officers,
no less than at police and militia;
and this systematic smuggling his lordship
is disposed to adopt and patronize as a sort
of state-jiolicy, which is to give color and
direction to the colonial legislation of Great
Britain. He would knit the affections of
Canada to the crown, that Birmingham
and Manchester men might continue to
smuggle axes into Illinois !
For our part, we have not the slightest
disposition to alienate the affections of
Canada from the crown, or to dissever the
interesting knitting-work contemplated by
Lord Bkoimiam. But we have very great
objection to a stale of things that renders
our tariff acts a nullity?or that may prevent
us from rendering at a very early day
tri.it ellim nt protection to our coal ami
iron interests m Pennsylvania, that will
save them, and the thousands now dependent
on them for subsistence, from the
results of free trade or smuggling trade in
| our Atlantic porta, or along our Canadian
frontier. If Canada is to he saved to the
British crown, avowedly for the purpose
of systematizing smuggling, and makinp
it loyal and respectable, with the endorse
merit ami approbation of leading statesmen
in the House of fiords, we shall hardly
I continue 1o look with such entire indifference
on the prevailing troubles among her
disaffected subjects.
We cannot believe that the smuggling
, trade is carried on along our Canadian
frontier to the extent which we must
I infer from the remarks of his lord
ship. If it is so, the late Administration '
oi the United States, in its sympathy for
free trade, must have countenanced and
connived at the violation of our laws?or,
what is the same thing in effect, must
have neglected their due execution. We
hope that the present Administration will
profit by the lesson that has been read to
them in the House of Lords?that it will
adopt immediate measures to ascertain if
the evil suggested by Lord Brougham
exists in the manner and to the extent that
he would insinuate, and to inquire into the
possibility of arresting this systematic and
government-favored smuggling by some
means consistent with the colonial condition
or the independence of Canada.
. AIRS OF THE "SOLE ORUAN."
The Union prates of "scurrility, insolence,
and falsehood''?a journal which has
marked out for itself a career of infamy;
which has assailed, with venomous malice,
the purest and best citizens of the Republic;
which stops at no defamation, however indecent,
of a soldier who has won the admiration
of the civilized world by his brilliant
achievements, and the affections of his
countrymen by a blameless life. It has
denounced the President of the United
States, and permitted him to be denounced
in its columns, as a "dolt," a "whited
seniilr.hrfi." a "Nfirna "rhfata
x 7 - 7 - 7 "violator
of pledges," a "liar;" and even
now, whilst the afflicted and the humane,
the suffering and those who sympathize
in the sufferings of others, throughout the
land, are attesting their sense of the public
calamity by ^welcoming the recommendation
by their Chief Magistrate of a
day of humiliation and prayer as an earnest
of reliance upon and hope in the Divine
mercy, its daily issues are blurred by
sacrilegious jests and obscene ribaldry, in
mockery of the desolation and wo which
a mortal pestilence is visiting upon the
hearthstones of the people. And it talks
of scurrility and insolence, assumes the
moral guardianship of the nation, and in
vokes Heaven to prosper its labors in the
cause of virtue. Such a paper can only
have been taught to blush by the instruction
of the brothel, and received its lessons
in ethics from the graduates of a
penitentiary.
The Union, as we expected it would,
sticks to its statement that Mr. Corcoran
has been removed, though in the same
breath it acknowledges that he is nut </uite
removed yet. To cover its retreat, that paper
contends that he will be removed as
soon as his successor becomes sufficiently
acquainted with the business to take his
place. This is looking ahead for the history
of the past. Mr. Corcoran is yet in
office, receiving the pay of office; and this
the Union knew when it said the contrary.
The Union saves us the trouble of disproving
its fabrications by contradicting itself.
Nor do we learn that Mr. Corcoran is to
be removed. It may be that some transposition
of duty in the Indian Bureau will
take place; but this has not yet been the
case in regard to Mr. Corcoran, so that
the Union's statement had not even the
sligfct foundation of a removal from one
desk to another to supjx>rt it.
Tkt Prdllrnrr and a National Faat.
A correspondent of the Boston Atlas
speaks thus appropriately of the destructive
epidemic which is hurrying tens of
thousands to the grave, and of the National
Fast recommended to be observed by
President Taylor:
The cholera ia again visiting city and country,
throughout our continent, arresting universal in.
quiry, and exciting universal apprehension. Nor
perhaps is it reasonable to expect that it will have
orders from the Throne to cease its ravage*, till
men, especially in christian communities, are
brought fully and humbly to recognise m it the
presence and power of the Supreme.
What but a palpable miracle could more clearly
mark it as a visitation from the Most High ? But
the age of miracles is passed. And to the word
and providence of Jehovah, we are to listen for
warning and teaching. Why, then, amid gentle
premonitions and the long forbearance of Heaven,
should not christians, rulers, and the people at
large, regard with solemn awe the uplifted sword,
recognise the justice of this chastisement, abjure
the sins which may have occasioned it, nnd with
one heart and voice, penitently cry, "Sjtarr thy
pttmlt, O lx/rd
How much more rational and becoming frail,
mil n u w u-r 11 as linnnrahLs l#?
the Infinite One, such a manifestation of humility,
than either impious murmuring, reckless stoicism,
or that trepidation which hofiea for eecurity only in
i flight'
We rejoice that Preaident Taylor, at thia crista,
liaa given the proper signal to the community, nnd
kindly summonea all to duly. " ff'ko ran teU,"
said an ancient chief magistrate of million*, whoar
proclamation for a faat wna thought worthy of divine
record, " Who ran tell, if (iod will /urn away
from kujurer anger, thai we peruh no/."
The New Orleans Picayune atatea, that hy a law
of the lant legislature of the State of Texaa, her
liahilitiea, contracted when ahe wna an independent
Republic, arc required to be presented to the Auditor
and Comptroller of the Slate on or before the
lat of November next, and those officer* are authorized
to clnasify and scale the various evidences
of debt, according to their values, in par funds, at
the time they were issued.
1 Mr. J. D Doswell furnishes the following classi*
i Acation of the claims by the auditor and comptroller:
I . ...
Personal claims for services rendered par.
Star money, issued in 1837 par
Consolidated funds 7llc. on the dollar.
| Interest notes .ri0<\ on the dollar.
If) per cent. bends, funded 30<\ on the dollar.
8 [>er cent bonds, funded 30c. on the dollar.
Promissary notes (redbark*) 25c. on the dollar
8 per cent Treasury Imnds 20c. on the dollar.
Interest to be allowed on interest notes up to
' 1841.
Interest to lie allowed on Consolidated fund to
, September, 1840
Interest to lie allowed on bonds to the last payment
of interest falling due in 1849
' This decision is, moreover, subject to the further
' action of the legislature.
CiidUMLVN BOOK FI'ULIIUIRIU.
One of ihe strongcm literary novelties of the day
is the fact that this country is now flooded with
German reprints, in English, of the standard classics
of our tongue, which are sold at so cheap a rate
as not only to force from the inurket English editions,
but to couqieie successfully even with ihe American.
The pioneer of this enterprise in Gerinuny
wan the celebrated Tauchnit?, well known as the publisher
of those small und very accurate editions of
the Greek and Roman classics, which have for fif- J
teen or twenty years been used in all the higher
schools of the country. Printed on fine und white
paper, and with a beautiful type, they compare til
infinite advantage with the bad editions of the best
authors, with which booksellers and the reading
portion of the American people have too long been
content. Before us are editions of Shakspeare,
Byron, Moore, Bulwer and Sir Walter Scott, together
forming a collection of about sixty volumes,
each of which the publishers are able lo send to
America, pay duties, and sell at thirty-one and a
quarter cents per volume. The above are but a fifth
portion of the works printed by Tauchnilz, his li
brary containing the chefs-d'ctuvrt of the modem
and faHhionable authors. These books are to be
hud of ull the German booksellers in the country,
and, in these days of bad type, and worse paper, are
luxuries. One thing appears particularly strange:
Tnuchnitz has, on more than one occasion, produced
English books, not only before their appearance
in America, but even in advance of the English
publishers. The lust instance of this is the
historical novel of King Arthur, undoubtedly by
Bulwer, which we are satisfied has been printed nowhere
else.
Col. Geo. W. Hcones, U. S. A., who recently
made the survey for the contemplated Panama Railroad,
has received a letter from Lieut. D. D. Porter,
U. 3. N., at present on duty in command of
one of the vessels of the United States on the Isthmus
station, stating that the Bay of Munzanilla,
one of the proposed termini of the Panama Railroad,
is altogether incompetent to accommodate the
immense commerce which necessarily musi come
to thut place in case of the construction of the road.
Lieut. Porter also states that the sickness complained
of atChagresand its vicinity is exclusively
caused by the excesses of the emigrants, and does
not result from the climate or location.
Naval.?The United States sloop of war Albany
touched off the point of Aux Cayes on the 11th
ult., and sailed again the same day on a cruise.
The United States sloop of war Germantown arrived
at Aux Cayes on the 13lh ult., from the city
of St. Domingo.
Father Mathew celebrated mass at the church
?? Pmer in Rnrclnv street. New York, at 8
o'clock on Sunday, the 8th. After the mass he
delivered an address of much power, in which he
contrasted the blessings bestowed by Providence in
its mercy on all classes in this land, with the miseries
and woes thut oppress his countrymen in Ireland.
He also spoke of the many charitable and
religious institutions erected in this Republic, and
the profound feelings of gratitude with which he
received the distinguished attentions of his American
friends. After the service, he administered the
pledge to several respectable individuals. He will
renihin at the Irving House until to-day, when
he is to l>e received by the authorities of Brooklyn
and will commence Ins efforts in the cause of temperance.
For a few days, however, he will remain
vyith Dr. Pise, for the purpose of repose. Tomorrow,
it is understood, he will receive the visits
of the ladies.
tie visited tlie Uonvent oi me oocreu nearim
Mauhntiaiivitte, tiie Sisters of Charily at York Title,
and other Catholic institutions, on Friday last. I its
health in improving.
Since lite appearance of the cholera in France,
IS,961 persona have died, and 27,054 been attacked
by the disease. The Medical Union, however,
states that this is much lean than the exact number
of the sutferers At Paris, for instance, in the interior
of the city only the fatal cases are known. In
1832, in the sume space of time, more than 120,000
persons died. Up to June 17, there had been in
the civil and military hospitals of Paris 11,689
cases of cholera, 5,951 deaths, and 3,931 persons
cured. Of all the civil hospitals-the Hotel-Diew
had received the greatest number of patients, and
had, also, in proportion discharged the greatest
numlier as cured.
The department of Oise had lieen among those
which had suffered most; next were the departments
of Seine and Marne?in the latter depart
merit the cities of Versatile* and Saint Germain
have entirely escaped. In all the departments, it
prevails to a greater or leas degree.
Amongst the victims of the cholera in St. Louis
we nre pained to see the name of Judge Charles W.
Schaumburg. He died on the evening of the 25th
ultimo; and about the same hour his youngest son
also perished of the same disease. Judge Schaumburg
was a gentleman of excellent parts, a true
friend, generous and brave.
From the Courrier <iet Ktnt? Unit we translate the
following analysis of the character of the unfortunate
Charles Albert, recently deceased at Oporto.
"Lilieral in 1821, in J846 he returned to the principles
in which he had been educated. He gave a
constitution to his subjects, not so much because
he loved thein as because he hated Austria. Brave
as a knight errant, he waged war with an enthusiasm
which characterized the middle ages. His
dualities and his virtues made htm, as it were, seem
to Iwloag to another century. He fought like a
hero, lived like a monk, ami died a martyr. He
wna more religioua than patriotic, more patriotic
than ambitions, more amliitioua than politic, and
more politic than akilful. Hie miafortune* made
him greul, because hie miafortunes were tlioae of
Italy, and every true heart will sympathize with a
prince who bore to the tomb the. tokena of distress
for the sufferings of his country "
la
one of the most delightful books which lias
appeared for a long lime, "Curzon's Monasteries of
the Levant," a description is given of a monk of
one of the Greek convents of Mt. A thus, who had
never seen a woman, and had no ndequnte idea of
what kind of lietngs they were. If the monk hns
been spm-ed one of the annoyances incident to huinanity,
or lieen deprived of a blessing, is a matter
for much consideration.
A correspondent of the London Timet, writing
from Knme, in alluaion to a French officer, now
with Gen. Oudtnot, in front of Rome, mnkcN
the following reference to one of the moat benuti- j
fill and touching deacriptiona in the Sentimental
Journey
"I ain happy to find in General Oudinot'a chief
Aid-de-camp, Major Rspidnnt, the grandaon of
that nohleman of Mrittauy described in the ftrntimenlal
Jtmrnry, who deposited hia sword in the
archive* of Rhcima, and reclaimed it during
j Sterne'* viait. The nword ha* descended from
grandfather to grandson?it ha* made a campaign
hi Africa, and, though I would wiah to *ee n employed
in a la-tter cauNe than thi* intervention, it i*
hi the hand* of a man of honor worthy of the
I name he lieara."
I
For the Republic.
HINKttOTAa?No. I. /
This la ihe name of the youngest aialer of the
republic?a aialer, indeed, who la still underuge,
but who, after a brief |>eriod of education und tutelage,
is deaiined to add her star to the confederacy.
Aa the new territory comprehends a magnificent
area, of varied reaourcea, it may be acceptable
to readera to present a few obaervaliona on the subled;
und not the leas bo, pcrhups, when it ia known
that they are reminiscences of one who has |>ersonally
visited, and ia extensively acquainted with
the region. A territory, indeed, which gives origin to
the Mississippi, and furmahea more than u thou
uunu Milieu 01 ncr oan&s, oil ner rigni unu leu, ran
neither be small nor obscure.
The first subject that demands attention, in the
new territory, is 'he name. It has been frequently
asked, whether tliia soft and harmonious name be
Indian, and if so, in what language or idiom ? We
have the authority of some practical inquirers in >
this matter for saying that it is a compound Dacota
or Sioux word, describing the characteristic bluishgreen
water of the St. Peter's river. Whether this
phenomenon be due to sedimentary blue clays
brought down from its tributaries ; to leaves settled
in its bed, or to thick musses of foliage overhanging
its banks, under the influence of utmospheric
refraction, is uncertain. But the Dacotas, who
live on its banks, were early to notice it at its periods
of summer depression, and have embodied
the description in the term Minbsota. Min-t simply,
in the Sioux language, signifies water. The
term for river, \oah~ta-pah, which the natives use as
a noun-prefix, is properly dropped in udopting the
word into a new language.
By the Chippewas, who live uorth and east of
the Dacotas, this river is called Oskibugi, or the
Young-leaf river, in ullusion to its early foliage, or
premature time of putting out leaves; while the
more boreal regions occupied by them are still
standing in their wintry leaflessness. Compared,
indeed, to the shores of Lake Superior, the valley
of the St. Peter's is indeed an Italy. But to the
Saxon and Norman emigrant, who seeks the country
for its capacities of industrial employment, it
has a higher value. The whole of southern and
central Minesota, from the Upper Iowa to the De
Corbeau or Crow Wing river, on the line of ths
Mississippi, is eminently Huiled to the zea maize
UI1U II1C CUUTC laillliy Ul uic tcitui giauuua. A libiu
is no part of the great West better adapted to wheat,
corn, and the leading staples of northern agriculture.
The St. Peter's has long been noted among travellers
for its precocious und blooming gardens ; and it
is found that the sylvan basin of Lake Pepin, and the
valleyB of the St. Croix, the Issati, or Ram river,
with St. Francis, Corneille, Saukis, and higher
tributaries, are equally rich in their floral character
and power of vegetation. Profitable agriculture
must extend, township by township, to the De
Corbeau; and it must be borne in mind that Indian
corn, which cannot be cultivated at SaiUt Ste. Marie,
in latitude 46? 30', is raised by the Indians annually,
and ripens early in August, at the very sources
of the Mississippi and at Red Lake, north of them.
The latter point is but a few seconds south of north
latitude 40?. ALGON.
The King or Denmark has taken a step which
hitherto has rarely entered the minds of monarchs.
A letter trom Oopenliagen, amen June ju, states:
"Yesterday morning, the President of the council
of ministers presented to the national assembly
the draft of a law in relation to the civil list during
the present reign. The proposed law fixes the annual
income of the King and Royal family at the
moderate sum of 300,(100 banco-rix dollars, equivalent
premwely to 1,500,000 franca. It directs that
all castles, palaces, domains, museums, scientific
collections, theatres, Ac., which hitherto have been
considered as the private property of the King,
shall be considered to belong to the State; that the
King and royal family shall have the right to occupy
the palaces, domains, Ac., but on condition of
making a compensation for any injuries they may
suffer while thus occupied. The King may retain a
right to the game, on condition of an allowance to
be paid from the royal income for this privilege."
This step, taken by a monarch who has hitherto
been absolute, shows that Frederick VII. has
learned a lesson from the dethroned rulers around
him, and been taught by the disturbed condition
of Europe, that government is but the breath of
the people. By thus liberalizing his system, he
has done more to preserve his power than if he
had levied an army of one hundred thousand bayonets.
Antiquarians in the British Empire have been
thrown into much excitement by the intention to
pull down the house in the Nether-Bow, known
as that in which the great Scottish Reformer, John
Knox, lived and died. Being in a moat dilapidated
condition, it was considered to endanger the public
safety, and information in (he premises laid before
the Dean of Guild-Court. After a hearing, the#
L. .Ml: a I ft II I A I a
miliums wn? oruerru 10 iic puiieu unwn, uui, on
the application of Mr. Robert Chambera in behalf
of the Scottish Antiquarian Society, a new hearing
wna granted. Thin waa, however, unavailing;
Mr. Blythe, the Dean, adhering to hin original decinion.
Several yearn ago a number of perannn
connected with the Free-church purchaned the lot,
for the purpone of erecting on it jl monument, to
conmnt of a tower and two churcl#*, out for aome
renaon it waa not carried into effect. Beyond all
doubt, care will be Utk< n in the pulling down of the
building to preserve every thing at leant connected
with the hintory of a man among the moat dietinguiahed
of hia country, and who han influenced
in no amall degree the dealinien of the world.
The Rev. Dr. Se.ovel, President of Hanover College,
la., died at hia reaidence afler a abort illness,
on the morning of the 4th instant. He wan a man
of indefatignble energy, nound judgment, nnd general
ercellence of character, nnd under bin auspices
the institution waa rapidly rining in public favor.
In consequence of hia death, and the appearance of
the cholern in the village, the student* have grne.ra
11 if <1 l?i kg-rur-il Sit i if 11> M t urlm a waJ bi T
a..j ? >'?" <?v niiiTni ni Li"UF5
ville on the 4ih instant reported that the disease t
had broken out with great violence, and that in
the course of two daya four atudenta had died.
The Richmond Whig states that the cholera continued
to make havoc on Jamea River; that Mr. Carter,
of Shirley, had loat twenty-eight alavea, and
that others had lieen attacked. In the country
round about Shirley, the alarm la ao great, that it
hna lieen very difficult to procure assistance to hury
the dead. The common but erroneous notion is,
that the diaeaae is contagious, and hence the alarm.
Brevet Col. J Monroe, of the 17. S. Artillery
and Brevet Col May, of the Dragoons, left Fort
Hamilton, New York, on Wednesday last, with
dragoon recruits for two companies, en route for
Santa Ff. Col. Monroe is to assume rommniul m
that district, and the detachment will procewf directly
to St Louis, where it will lie mounted.
Theme they will proceed to Fort Leavenworth, at
which place two infantry companies, idso destined,
for Santa Ff, will join it, and march to Santa F#
, -