The republic. [volume], April 30, 1852, Image 1

About The republic. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1849-1853

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
THE II E I' IJ BLIC.
KU1TKD BY JOH9 O. HAUOK.TT.
PUUIiUIIKD BY QIUEOII A CO.
a. . GIDEON. A. T. BURNLEY.
TERMS OF THE DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY.
For the Daily paper, per milium, ... #10 MO
For the Trf-weekly, " t? 00
For throe copioa of the Tri-weekly, 16 MM
TERMS OF THE WEEKLY.
NinoOn ?iil>ar.rintion. for inn- ve.nr. - jt'2 00
THE REPUBLIC.
DAILY. ____
Vol. III. WASHINGTON: FRIUAY MORNING, APRIL 30, J652. . No. 272.
Three copied, for one year, 6 00
Seven copies, for one year, 10 00
Sixteen copies, for one year, .... *20 00
. Twenty-five copies, for one year, - - - '26 00
No paper will be sent until the money is received
The Great Invention or the Age!?Steam
Supplanted !?Gas Triumphant!
riMlE first h ill of the nineteenth century will he
A recorded as the ago of steam. It has passed,
and with it will pass the steam engine with the
things that were.
The second hull of the century will he known as
commencing the age of Gas?an agent destined not
only to light but to knliuhtcn the world. This
age lias now commenced, and with it is now introduced
the Gas Engine.
Professor John C. F. Salomon, after twenty-six
years of close observation upon the experiments of
his own und of others inatteinpts to make the principle
of the condensation of carbonic acid gnsavailable
as a mechanic motor, lias perfected tiie same;
and, having just received letters patent for his
"Improved Carbonic Arid Engine," now offers to
dispose ol rights lor the use thereof to the United
States Government, and to individuals or to companies,
the rights of States, counties, or cities.
The immense saving of money and labor, and ol
human lives and suffering, secured by the use of
this new motor, will inevitably insure its speedy
adoption in all places where steam power is now
used, and in thousands of other places where the
great expense, bulk, and weight of the steam engine
has precluded its use.
This new motor may bp applied to all purposes
as a propelling agent, from the single-horse power
for the cotton-gin to the two thousand horse power
?... ...... ..... U ,1... ,1..... il.?.
required by the steam engine, of boilers ami fur
naccs, fuel and firemen, and of bulk and weight?
100 tons weight sufficing fur the same power ol
1,900 tons ol the steam engine.
I hese (acts are established by the experimental
engine of twenty-five (26) horse power, now
"wuiking well"' at Cincinnati, as noticed in the
following from the Cincinnati Nunpartitof the 18th
instant:
"We arc pleased to state that J. C. F. Salomon,
late of this city, has received a patent for his motor
of carbonic acid gas, in its application to an engine.
The successful experiments of this inven
lion were not long since given in the Nonpareil.
The same gentleman has received another patent
for the steering and propelling power."
Also, rights for the use ol his "Improved Propelling
and Steering Apparatus," one peculiar-advantage
of which gives the pilot such complete control
ol the vessel, independent of the engineer, that
he can "right-about face" a man-of-war in less
time than is required to load her guns.
Also, rights for his "improved Spring Saddle,"
for military and common purposes, designed lor
the greatest possible comfort of both horse and
rider
Any information in regard to the above invaluable
inventions, and of obtaining rights, &c , may
be promptly obtained by uddrcssing
D. L. ELDER,
Attorney and agent for the patentee, 7th Bt.,
opposite Odd Fellows'Hall, Washington, D.C.
From Mr. Roytt, of New Albany, Indiana, inventor
of a nrtc agricultural wonder, a Rotatory Rlougk.
Washington, January 30, 1862.
Mr. Eliixb?Sir: 1 cheerfully avail myself of this
opportunity to give you a few brief statements in
reference to Professor Salomon's New Mechanical
Motor, as it is your request, as well ns a duty I
near aa 1 now recollect:
I arrived at Cincinnati on the 8th of October,
1851, and on the following day I called to see Professor
Salomon's New Mechanical Motor, ol which
I had read accounU in the public papers. 1 was
desirous to see the engine, from the fai I that I had
for sometime previous been studying to make the
same principle applicable as a motive power to
machinery. 1 was astonished and delighted in
witnessing the construction and operation of the
engine. 1 saw iny embodied idea before inc more
perfect than 1 bad conceived.
1 witnessed the operation for near an hour. It
was uniform and perfect, and ol sufficient power
to lilt a weight of 12,0ft) pounds twenty-five times
in a minute. Tins power was applied to turn the
machinery of the shop, and appeared to t>c equal to
team-engines commonly used in machine-shops.
The whole length of this engine is about twelve or
fifteen feet, and 1 suppose its weight might be
about five or six tons. The furnace is a small
sheet iron pan, the sice of iny hat, and held about
a double handful of charcoal. The machinery is
not more complicated than that of the sUam nginr,
the prim iple of construction and operation
being the same. This was estimated to be a
twenty-five horse-powe r engine, of which 1 have
given you a brief description.
I am not pecuniarily interested in the success of
the invenlion. I never expected to be called upon
to make any statements in reference to it. I have
had no previous ncquaintancr with Professor .Salomon,
and never saw him, to my knowlcdgr, until
I met hun 10 this city on yesterday.
Yours, respectfully,
P. E. ROYSE.
Intelligencer, Republic, Era, Southern Press,
and Telegraph, Washington ; American, Patriot,
and Hun, Baltimore; Ledger, American, and
Pcnnsylvaman, Philadelphia; Tribune, Herald,
Journal of Commerce, Scientific American, Farmer
fc Mechanics, Courier h Enquirer, and
Phrrnnlogii al Journal, New York; Advertiser,
Brooklyn ; Silliruan's Journal, New Haven ; Jour
nnl and Gazette, Providence; Atlas, Post, and
Traiis< i i p t. Boston; Messinger, Portsmouth;
Enquirer, Portland ; Journal and Argus, Albany ;
Courier and Express, BufTnlo; Herald, Cleveland ;
Tribune, Detroit; Journal, Chi ago; Gazette and
Advertiser, Pittsburgh: Gazelle. Enquirer. Non
pareil, Allan, Commercial, and CKt's Advertiser,
Cincinnati ; Courier, Journal, and Dcrnocrai,
Louisville ; Intelbpa tircr and Republican, St.
Louia; Pi ayunc, Delta. and Advertiser, New
Orleans; Courier, Charleston; W big, Richmond ;
Alia California, K,in Franri?co? insert three
months every other day, inner form, and forward
liilla, with a copy of the paper, to
J C. V SALOMON. Patentee,
Dec 27 eod3inif Washington, I) C.
( IIAHI.KS NRITON,
Attorney anil < nmiiellnr nt l.ii\v,
OFFERS hia professional services in thr Supreme,
Court of the I'nited States, in claims before
the Court of Commissioners, and in claims against
the varicus Departments of the General Government
and before Congress, in procuring patents,
in obtaining pensions and bounty lands, in collecting
debts and inheritances, and negotiating the
purchase and sate of lands in any part of the United
Stales ; especially in proset uling claims before
the Court of Commissioners under our treaty with
Meaico, is prepared to five his full attention, and
to California land title rases coining up in the
United States Supreme Court on appeal
The latest maps of the States and Territories,
compiled from the surveys of the General Land
Oit'n r, and statistical information, embracing the
improvements and population of the Territories
and the important, towns in the I'nited States.
Agreeable to the late census, ran be obtained at his
office, on 1 ftth street, opposite the Treasury Wash
lngton. D. C.
ftirsaaiscts Hon. Justin Hutterfield, Washington
City; hi* F.arellenry A leaandrr Ramsey. St.
Paul, Minnesota; John H Livingston, Attorney at
l.vv, Sew York City; Peter H Burnet, Attorney at
Law, Alviao, California; Messrs. Thomas Cowperth'vnil
Co , Philadelphia; Messrs. A P laolew
A Co., St. f- 'Uis; Messrs. G. Abernatby A Co.,
Greg- n City.
Feb 7 ? 2a w 3 hi
KIIKKt TII'S lJAMt KIIHRUTVPK.
f|MIE ADVERTISEMENT in the Halliinore .Vun
l of the Kith, and the New York Times of the
16th instant, by V.'hitefuirst,claiming the credit of
having tikrn the likeness of this distinguished in
dividual, is not true.
The only Daguerreotype which lias been taken
in Ainerii a of Governor K'usuth, w as tnken in his
r V una h ( fir u ra'a If tel l?ir Urnnett tutf) tlaf unit?
original picture in this city may be seen (it hi#
i; tilery, near Seventh #treel All other*arecopiia.
l)ic<ierre"typee of Madame Puiezky nii'l other
distinguished individuals arc ilmmn exhibition At
BENNK PT'S National Osllr ry.
.Ian 2fi Pa avenue, n<-#r 7th street.
|U>>N<>\ III V Kit FluK ttin VtltlNR IKIttKt
IC (OMP1KV OF >F,\V VOKK.
< )[jir( ,vri. I, '/'?/'/'? Uril'lin IT, (til Jill III 111,'
flrmrn'/t Holel, If'anhinpton City, II ('.
I'fipitAl ?gt3??0,0?K>. (ell pelrt in and securely invest
e l according to law. )
\ I 7TLL insure merchandise cnrg-oie, dwellings,
VV hou eh ihl fiirniture and other property,
aiiiiwhrrr in Ihit Di'lrirl nr tht adjoining Stair*, nr\
the most fevornhle terms.
The public may rest assured that aII losers eus
t inn I by this com |> Any will l>" lil" rally a nil pi nwpt
ly atij u? led at their 1 lilcr in this 1 it v.
IS M X II BLOOD, Pnsi lent.
ALFRED NOXON, Vii r President
P I AVERY Herniary.
.1 AH A RKW? A. Actuary
SA ML. I!. IIHKt OX,General Agent
Jan ia-dly
SPLENDID LOTTERIES,
FOR MAY, 1852.
GREGORY & MAURY, MANAGERS,
(Succeaara to J. VV. Maury ti Co.)
i:>0,000! $20Sit
$ 15,000! 25 Prizes of $ 1,000!
Lottery for the Benefit of the
S/ATE OF DELAWARE,
Cluga 1, for 1852.
To be drawn at Wilmington, Delaware, on Sutur- \
day, Muy 1, 1852.
75 Number Lottery?1*3 Drawn Ballots.
GRAND SCHEME:
1 prize of $30,000 |
1 do '20,000
1 do 15,000
1 do 8,680
1 do 4,000
1 do ' 2,285
1 do 2,000
1 do 2,000
25 prizes of 1,000
53 do 600
200 do 200
&C. dec. & c.
Tirkcta #10?Halves #6 ? Quarters #2 50.
$51,330! $21,500!
5 Prizes of #10,000!
Lottery for the benefit of the
STATE OF DELAWARE.
CIbbs 4, for 1852.
To be drawn at Wilmington, Delaware, on Saturday,
May 8, 1852.
12 Drawn Numbers in each Package of 25 Tickets.
SPLENDID SCHEME.
1 prize of #51,330
1 do 21,500
1 do 10,000
1 do 10,000
1 do 10,OIK)
1 do 10.000
1 do 10,000
1 do 7,000
1 do 7,000
1 do 7,000
4 prizes of. 5,000
4 do 3,000
5 do 2,000
197 do 500
&c. See. &c.
Tickets #15?Halves #7 50?Quarters #3 75 ?
Eighths #1 87*.
$35,000!
Lottery for the benefit of the
STATE OF DELAWARE,
Class 7, for 1852.
To be drawn at Wilmington, Delaware, on Saturday,
May 15, 1852.
73 Number Lottery?14 Drawn Balluta.
SPLENDID SCHEME.
1 prise of $35,000
1 do 16,000
1 do 10,000
2 prizes of 5,(MX)
2 do 4.000
2 do 3.000
2 do 2,574
5 do 2,000
10 do 1,000
40 do 400
&c. &c. &c.
Ticket* $10? Hnlv^i $5?Quarter* $2 50.
$75,00(1!
2 Pritea or $20,000 f
Lottery for the Irenrfit of the
STATE OF DELAWARE,
Claaa A, for 1352.
To l>c drnwn at Wilmington, Delaware, on Saturday,
IMayM'2, ISM.
15 Drawn Numbers out of 7S? making- nearly aa
many prizes aa blanks.
BRILLIANT SCHEME.
1 splendid capital of. $75,000
1 splendid prize of 20,000
1 do 20 000
1 do 15,000
1 do 10,275
6 prizes of 6,000
6 do 2,600
7 do 1,500
8 do 1,200
9 do 1,000
15 . o 700
I'M) do (lowest 3 No. prizes) 320
tic. tie. k c.
Whole Tickets #10?Halves #10-Quarters #<> ?
Eighths #2 50.
140,000!
00 Prises of 2,000 dollars. 1
I?ttery (or the henrfit of the
STATE OF DELAWARE,
Clars 12, for 1 Nft2.
To l>e drawn at Wilmington, Del., on Saturday,
May 29, 1^512
SPLENDID SCHEME.
I prize of $ (0,000
I do Ift.MSi
I do 8 900
| do 6,000
I do 2.230
60 prizes of 2,000
'60 do 400
60 do 3t 0
64 do a 100
Ac. lt\. kr.
Whole Tickets# 10 ? Unites #5 Quarters#! 60.
Orders for Tickets and Shares and Certificates
I of Package* in the altov^Vanli-ndid Lotteries ?ill
re< cive tl?e most proinpyhtteXbon, and an ofiicial
hi iwwint i f eaeh drawing sent immediate ly alter it
is ovlr to all who orde/ from me.
Aiklress ^ O'HRIEN, Agent,
\ /iadT >n I 1 i M...... t
\ ; ^ yf \ I r ? i r ' r n \ -- ,
KRKA1I RKKF AND VKf.RTAKI.KN FOIt
THK HAW.
Navy Aoist'i Orrict, April 12, 1852,
i OKU.K.n PR0P08AI.S will W received at this
i O "Hi c until Tu< aday, (he eleven' h day of May,
| 1*52, aI noon, for the supply of aurh quantitlra of '
Kicsh Rcrf ind Vegetablea as may In- required on
tlx Washington station, during the fiscal y"far j
commanciug on iln' let day ol July neat, and end
irp on III* 30th June, 1853.
I'hr Reef and Vegetables mnal ha of good qnali- I
I ty, and ihr best ihr markrt affords; nnd earh article |
muat bp offered for by the pound
Bond with approved aerurity will ha required in !
, one- half the estimated amount of the rontracl, and !
tan prr centum in addition will be withheld from j
the amount of eaeh payment to Ire made, a? eollat
eral aerurily for (he due per fot manre nl the con- '
tract, which will on no account Ire paid until it la
fully complied with.
Kerry offer made muat Ik- arrornpnnird (na directed
in the net of Cottgreaa tusking nppropria
lion for the naval aervjri for |H|f>-7, approved |!Hh
August, |8lf>) Ry a written guaranty, signed hy
one or inure rreponcihle peraoua, to the i(f<et (hat
lie or they undertake that the bidder or hiddrrr
will, if liia or their hid he ac< rptrd, enter into an
obligation, within five daya, with good nnd aulji
cient auretiea, to furniah (lie arliclra proposed.
No pr pnsal will he considered unlesa accompa- I
nied hy auch guaranty.
J. II LATIIROP, Navy Agrnt.
Apl4 ?law4w
\ >1 Kit I i \\ IMl PDIiKICV \fiF.\t V.tlTY
OK WAAIIIttfJTOV.
rpHE copartnership of PaLMKK fit 8NKTMKN
I i? (' m <Iry <Ii?r Iverl by mutual cnn n(. Mr
ralmrr i< tolrly lalhoriird to nettle ih? ronrcrm
of thr fir m, anil to recrivr all lettrra and v niiimunirationa
that may be a<l<irr??r<! thereto, or to thin
A im i,< y. A A HON II PALMER,
W. (J 8NF.TIIRN.
Wa?hi50Ti a, (h tol>er '20, IN6I.
nY our agrrrmrnt, bearing name date with (lie
alrove, Mr.'Snr-lhen'n intrrent in thr American
and Foreign Agency craned on thr .lint tilt The
biiKinrt* of thr Agrnry will h< rraftrr becondu trd i
cutely by the undrrnigne.l * Office noulli corner ol
Fiflrcnth ntrrrt and I'mnnyWania nvrnur, near
thr Trranury Depnrtrmnt.
AARON II PALM ICR, at Wiilard'a
Wanhinoton, January 1,1H5'2.
J.m 9?wtf
BOOK OF THE WORLD, an arronnt of all nation*;
thrir Orography, Hintnry, Stnttnttre,
Commerce, Rt?r, Progr ma and Prrnrnl Condition,
complete in two volunirn o< tnvo, |HM
A|? 15 FRANK TAYLOR j
THE KEPUBLIC.
SPKEl'll OK IIOIV. RICHARD VATKS,
OK ILLINOIS,
On the l.anil Policy of the United Stutm, mul in
Defence of the. It est, in the Jluu&e if lleprrscntalives,
April "JI!, 18.V2.
The House being' iu the Committee of the Whole
on the bill "to encourage ugriculture, manufacturer,
commerce, and other branched of imludtry,
by granting to every man who id the head ol n
family a homestead of one hundred anil sixty acre-i
of land but of the public domain, upon condition
of occupancy and cultivation of the same for the
period herein specified"?
Mr. YATES said:
Mr. Chaikman: I shall endeavor, in the few re
o. u,1.0.1, i ?i,?n ik; .....
n. -...f. . ........ .....wia.iuu.iu
confine myself chi tty to the subji ct legitimately
before the committee. The consideration of this
bill very properly Invites discussion ad to the whole
laud polie.y of the Government. Whether the present
poliey as to the public lauds id to be continued,
or whether Congress shall adopt a new policy, are
questions which are now occupying n large share
of the attention of Congress and of the country
In the attempt to present my views upon this qui s
tion, I am aware that nothing' short of the Presidential
question eecms to awaken the interim ol
the committee, and I almost shrink from the effort
to arrest its attention by remarks upon the appropriate
businc. s and practical questions which it it
our duty, as legislators, to investigate.
The constitutional power of Congress to make
grants of lands to actual seitlcrd, or to the Statt s,
for the construction of railroads, has. been denied
by most of the gcntlcmt n wtio have addressed the
Committee against these propositions. 1 do not
propose to discuss the question of constitutional
power at length. If a question Can be settled by
precedent, then I think that the right of Congress
to make these grants may be considered a eelilcd
question When the propriety of mich grants
hrst came before Congress, the question ol consiitutional
power underwent a thorough discussion.
The greatest minds in the country wenpitted
against each other, and I believe the powei
to make the grants was finally conceded by nearly
all. Must certainly, it has been repeatedly exercised
without being called in qutsiion. Grants
for purposes of cdueuiiun, to asylums, to actual
settlers, and for the promotion of internal improvements,
have been uiade at sundry limts, begin
niug with the administration of Washington,
down to the precent day. When we have (he
opinions of such men as Mr. Clay and Mr. Web
ster, Genciat Cass and Mr. Douglas, and nearly
all the leading inen of both parties, and especially
the opinions of (lie strict constructionists of the
Constitution, including Mr. Calhoun, who was
ever jealous of the exercise ol any doubtful cousti
tutional power; I say when wc have such an array
of authority in lavor of this constitutional pilwi r,
added to the uniform practice of the Govrrnmcnt,
and enforced by the legislation of almost every
Congress, it would seem that this might well be
considered a settled question. I do not Bay that
precedent is every thing, but I do say that the opinions
of our profoundest statesmen and law-givers,
expressed after mature deliberation, arc entitled to
mgn consiuernuon.
The arguments against ihe exercise of this power,
relied upon hy gentlemen who have addressed the
committee, are presented in their strongest light in
the National Intelligencer of this inuii.iup, unJ 1
will call the. attention ut the committee to the two
strong points taken in that paper, and which 1 do
not consider well (akrn. That paper says:
"The property of 'the people of the United Stat's,'
whether it is money in the ticasury or the public
lands, racnot be rightfully used by those w ho govern
our affiles, unless it is done 'in order to form a
' more perfect Union, establish justice, insure d imes
' tic tranquillity, provide J or the com run defence, j/ro'
mote the gene/al weljare, end secure the blessings rf
' liberty In oursilves anil our posterity.' "
Now, if it can be shown that the passage of this
bill will accomplish any of these objects, then the
"public lands may be rightfully used for thise
grants to the objects indicated." Now 1 submit to
this comnhttce the question, Is it not f.r the "general
welfare" to promote the Bctllentent ol the
public landr? Is it not for the genkkal welfare to
establish an independent yeomanry upon our
hroad und beautiful j uhlic domain ot one thousand
four hundred million seres of lam.' Is it nut for
the general welfare tllst WC enCOUTBgC tile
agricultural productions of the country, and improve
the condition of our industrious poor? Is it
notTor the ge.neiial welfare todisecurage spcculati
>n in the public lands, to tell the forest, to
inake "Ihe wilderness bloom and blossom as the
rore," and to cover that mighty area of territory
exlf tiding from the Ohio tiier to the I'ai ifv
ocean, with a population of independent freeholdera,
and to w ithdraw population from the tciliptatious
and v n < s of crowded cities io Ihe purer atmosphere
ol rural lib ?
The same paper rays:
"A title hy 'at tuul settlement' is oi.curd, unless
legal policy may thus encourage hirdy pioiiecis to
enter the lores! and pi int the f l-l. p- ol , ;i .. , i
lion in its dark reersacs. With this view, however,
what are called 'pre emptums' may b. justly
luvori d and protected "
'I he ediistitutionahty ol granting pre < mptiotia is
not d< iiied hy any. 'I he. cotn idi t a' n il upon who h
they are grnnted is to encourag. se-ttleun lit Is it
not the auine "legal /mlicy" to encourage that ret
tleimnt by making grants to the actual settler?
Under the: pr.-cntption system, the settler often
has the pi i? ilegc ol buying, I j ilie exclusion of all
others, land at ^ I US |>rr < rrwonti ten timet that
urn He can enter upon llH [ n' li lands a~ n
as they arc surveyed, and Im fore tin y arc offered
Mt public sale, and purchase the aamr at the Gov
rrnment price, though hi the sale other* might lie
ready and willing to pay five tnnoa that euin. I.
the G'd rrn mriit may lliu* surrender ita rights lo
promote at tilemeiit, in iy it not, I r the tame o'r
|ret, prant binds worth ff 1 US per acre, or Iraa, to
the attual rr tiler ? The principle ia ti c taint in
both cast*. _ It ia the same in grant* of huiitV
land* to the soldier; and when the "Ifgal jmltcy"
ia admitted in the one rase, it t annul he d< nied in
the other.
1 call (tie attention of gentlemen to that article of
the Constitution whieli piovins that "(. njirim
aim II hat c power to dispose of and m a let at need
ful rules ai d rrgui iii >n.? respirtn/ tin territory
and other propi r ly <>f the United Stales " "It shall
liavc the power to tlitpom of" I.err it in unlimited
puwrr. It ia not derived by cofillroclion or nil-,
plication it ia an rx aitbp wer rtn manner el
thi* diapoailiun, ami the objects of the appropria
lion, are of courtc to be Ivll to the dhcretioil of
Uonprcet.
Mr. Chairman, it ia amusing to see how rertain
ap i.hciiii n i an find null ? . ily < > 111 >k< appropr i
liona to aorne objects, ami at the raine tune deny
iny power to make appropriations lor other oh
jecta ol prt< taely the aani' i tiara iter. The gc n 11 e
man from New York, ( M. Jknkin ,) in hia
>pi 11 h, maintained that our riv? ra wrrr v. ry proper
ly the objri I < ol national concern. and that ip
proprialions lor tbiir unprm i no .it urn' Ir
mat" ly within the power of Congri i, hut stoutly
lenied that Congress hud any power to make
grants of either money or binds tor tin consrue
lion Of railroads Anr, h< a-y?, are the ohj< < t?
>1 State concern c* lus v. ly. N iw, here ia a "dta
Linctiou without u d fb rener." The only ilifT't
Mice ia, lhat the one is wati r, tlie other iron. I he
jhject ol both is to fa< ilitate intercourse hetwren
Jf. WMJ.I.
~comiiiuiiiraii. n by mean* of mlr adi i* urnr*
direct; it ia cheaper, *aft r, and *pi t dier All tin
>pt ration* of oumiticri e, mid all the t.l.j. t t? <>l It
t grant, i an he a* wt II ur h. ttrr < at rie.l i>ul hy tin
.inatruclion of railmatla than l>y the improvement
if rivrta, and therefore I can are no ohjrc'ion i t
grinta ol laridt to the State to aid in their cot.alim
lion.
I here arc arvrral aperific pr.ip.?iliunt before
Congrt a* the hill now pending, granting land* t >
at t ua I art tie re; the hill granting lO.iHH) t H K> ol arret
to the Malt a to he applied to ih. reliel of the nidigent
inaane; and variout I >i I In granting alternate
aertintii of the puhlic land* fnr thr conetructiun of
railroad*. 1 am in Invor t>f the pun. iplr cmitim d
in all theae proportion . I apt nk nt.t nf the dctni a
id Iheae hilla. II wrnng in detail, when the time
arrivra I..r their ronaideration they ran h amended
to obviate nl'jtctittna laniaurpiia. il that a in--of
III.- advocat' fnr grunt* to artnal ae'llera, and fnr
the relief of Ihr jti ane, atrm to rrgard railroad
giant* a* coming in conflict with them. Why,
ir, neth ng ran lie further (ruin the tar f. Thert i*
no conflict l lierr arernuiigh land* fur ail I ey
"moot and will not lie e*hau?ted t"r a thorn ml
year* to coine. The following tilde will ahow the
quantity of puhlip land*, noltl and untold, the pror.etlaof
#11Ira, and the grant* and re?eivaliun- of
the fame for all purp *ea, up to the 311th S> pt? m
her, IH.r>l:
Am a
So'tl t... . 11'I (>33 03ft
( rant* f .r ?> hool?, ftic |i I . > 'i s
For rlral anil ditinh a*ylum* U.'iil
Fur internal improvements 11 :t 1 >
To individuals and companies.... 279,792
For seat* of government, &c 50,860
For military aervins 16,019,065
Unserved fur salines 922,325
Unserved for benefit of Indians.. . . 3,4<tO,725
Reserved for companies, corporations,
6ce, H, 955,363 j
Continued private claims 7,123.903
Swamp lands grunted to tile (stales 27,397,260
i ' Central railroad grant 3 025,920 ;
1 Total of acres unsold and unappropriated, of of- ,
fcrod and unofTered lands, on the 30th September, I
i 1861, 1,399,6-6 140.63 acres.
It appears from this table that in a period of j
; seventy years only 101,637,930 of acres have, been ]
| sold, and that the Government still has on hand a ;
mighty domain of over thirteen hundred millions
! of acres. Is hern not an ample fund for all the pur- |
I poses of education, for the relief of the insane, for ;
! homes to the actual settler, and for the purposes of
| iiit"rnul improvement?
Mr. Chairman, much as 1 doaire to sen portions
of the public iandg nppropiiatcd to internal improvements,
yet this i? not the chief measure with
me. In my liutnlde estimation, the first and most
desirable application of the public domain is to
make ample provision for the insane, thr^leaf and
dumb, and the blind. The Governmntit-'couH not
make a more useful application of a portion of the
public domain than by assisting each State and
Territory to endow an institution for each of these
objects. The census of 1840, in a total population
i of 17,069 463 persons in the United States, exhibited
an insane population of 17,457; and the census
of 1950, in a total population ol 23,267,498, gave
an insane population of 27,000. The increase of
the I'ic.iiiTiB ot < H i ri fiarftil mnln.lv i* in a ratio far
greater than the iucreate of the whole population.
Hut, sir, the reeults of proper medical treatment
in institutions established lor this purpose have
been meat gratifying Thousands who were coneidercd
hopelessly insane hive been restored to
reason, nud there is every reason to believs (hat
the IrightTul increase of this dread malady may be
in a great measure stayed if proper rcficl is afforded.
Tnc grants in favor of these objects tbould be
munificent, and such as with the aid of the Stabs
would place these institutions beyond the contingency
ol want. These grants nre not contended
for on the ground maintained by certain political
economists of France, that it is the duty of the
government to furnish direct subsistence to the "
people, nnd which has led her impulsive population
locluinor for government aid, inst'ad of relying
upon the surer rewards of honest industry
and persevering labor, it is upon the highor prinriple
of doty to the children of misfortune, who,
by the inscrutable decrees of an overruling Providence,
arc deprived of the ability to procure means '
of support or education. There comes to bs, sir, '
nn appeal from these unfortunate classes sf our
population addressing itself to the kindliest sym- 1
pathies, the noblest impulses of- the heart, as well :
as to the highest considerations of patriotism. Yes,
sir, from ihc dethroned intellects of the twentyseven
thousand maniacs in the land, the stopped I
I cars of the deaf and dumb, from the sightless eye i
j babe of llie blind, closed forever to the beautiful I
frame-work of art nnd nature by which we are >
I surrounded, coines this appeal. <
! No longer needing the public lands as a source
of revenue, some statesmen of great eminence have i
; regarded their possession as a curse, rather than a i
blosing. Hut this depends upon the uses to which 1
, tin y are applied. If our public domain is discreet- i
ly applied, it will be. an exhaustive lountuin of I
hicsseduess to the people. And if Congitss will
! look nt it aright, and will grant to thebtatcs a suf- j
fiocnt quantity of these lands to endow these iiirti- t
Unions, and to place the means ol relief within the I
reach ot these rad children of misfortune, it will t
have accomplished one of the noblest and most ?? j
j rred objtels in the sight of God or man. Much is t
said about progress, but this is a sort of progress i
which will prove iiu'ontestably the christian on- i
ligbieniiK'iil ol the age, aud b.nd new and bright t
glurb s around the biow of the Republic. It liny ?
! tie a weakness in this business age ol finance, steam, |
and railroads, a ticuly tnilunenlaJity, perhaps; yet I <
i uiiiBd win upprupriaiiuns lor inrao liicreu ooj'
cU is my first desire, and 1 would rather nee all
the projtcts for KtanU uf (he public lauds !atl than
these. I would have each Scute, by the aid of there
lauds, erect a maginti nit edifice, with comlorta
hie and ?pa< ious apartments, adorned with (he tie(orations
of art and < very plcmiog embellishment,
surrounded by large enclosuris of forest tri e, besutllul
shrub, ami I looming llnwer. So that if your
w ifc or daughter, or mine, should ever fill victims
to insanity, ( end it t? a ral.inrity to which all ate
liable ) instead of being confined witbin narrow ,
apartments and prison-houses, the may wall: forth '
in the Iwhtof God's glorious sun, breatlic Heaven's
pure air, and, if her fancy choose, pluck a
(lower hy the wayside.
Sir, tint page of history which shuil record that
the American Congress, in the year IH5i, made
ample provision for th?ae sacred objects, w ill ( an
immortal page. A nil when noble edifices for these
objects ste ercctt d, and these institution* are firmly
e tahlii-hcd, they w ill redound to the Insting fionor
of the Couples* which made the appropriation, nnd
will be pou ted to by our children and children's
children, from gem-ration to generation, as the
proudest rm iiuiiients of the glory of the nation.
I i tintmt here fori rear to refer to the lact that the
Stale of lltino s, in addition to her tax lor the sop
port of the Government, and in addition to tier aep
urate tax for the payment of the public drill, with
a spirit worthy of Iter people, imp .M d a separate
lax I or tin- reliel ol her insane and the education of
her Mind ami dial and dumb And perhaps three
nob > r edilio s are nut to Is- found in m y Stat than
those which sin has erected?Ihc prple of every c.it
!/ ii, the admiration of every manger, and (he
a lory and delight of every patriot and christian.
Sir, wfiat must be the pbasurcwilh w tin h every
I < Hit n of Indiana ami fllimi:* reads tie' following
tribute In m Miss l.)ix, the gr< at philanthropist ol
tin- npc, ami the illuati mus bent fsctrt ss ,f her race
She says:
1, wilt at Indians noble, dear-sighted Indiana,
s r adopted a wire and n >l>!c |>olicy, equally pruib
lit ami Iminane, and levied a spci cti tax lor the
in- ?in*, l ,r the deal inuti'? amI the ( !in<1 * ithin In r 1
hordeia, at a coat id more than 200,00(1." " I'berr, '
in thai yiiuri; Stat', almost within I In- liadow ol 1
| hi r apitol, iiiinl ilMtr monument* i t a christian '
and enlightened age, recording a tori thought anil 1
in .riili i in i whi' 'i, tindrr the c ircum-tarn es, has "
nil iMial'ct; though Illinnia, ranging ante liy s-de 1
gi grnphicuily, almost completes a o rreeponding '
I page III lp r history " <
The at> ve xirn t ia taki n from hrr iririnorial to '
lh?- L> pit lai urc of Miry la n<l. An-!, in ju*ti< c to *
my St >te, 1 iiiay ray tti?t the i xpensrs already in- ?
riirri it l>f tin State of llliuoia tor (hut' u'j clltl- '
din mill latily tin-aoifi nf #J 'Il,t" 0 Sow, air,
win ii it : i iim ilen it that both tin- Stater, and '
: many others, are e.nbai rnae-d l-y heavy debts, and
i lis i all the Mid ? ;ne taxed to tin- minor if tin *
ahilitynl the people to bear,it will he an n that thia 1
aid from the public landa would he most timely '
and nj piopriate, ant) of the greatest iinporlaiii c. I
( rami io aui'al prTTt.xaa.
Mr. Chairman, I shall not gj into the discussion t
at li ng;h ol the I < 11 uihIi r eoti'id* ration I have lor '
irinny yi unci lertamid opin i its favorable to grants '
ol the. public landa, in limited qoantitiea, to actual
n nleia Hut I humbly conceive tint thi?e
-i 11 * i ? ill sol this till who oppose grants fur railroads
are mui li in error; f<V n i? only by opening
toads through the public lands, and making them
ai <* aaihle io market, that tin y arc to be made tit
. iruWr /io ir* for the actual settler.
A tn th r illustration of the i ITri is of the present
land aysti in i ould not la- given than the declaration
w Inch h is hern made by the gi ntleman Irom
New York ( ,Mr. 8cthkrla m ) to thia committee
Ho enya that he knows, at hia hoarding-house, lour
individuals, who own .'itt.tKHI acres, each, ol the
public lands. I would ask that gentleman if that
ay at > in ia to b? ronaidrrt d beneficial which tolcr |
atea the withholding ol these lands from settlement
and ?>< copation m the hands ol wealthy ape> ulators,
to ti e exeUian n and ft-jury < I the p air and |
industrious c.ittsrni? Would it not lie In ttrr to j
I ?rma, and occupied by our indoatriou* poor faint- <
lira, than I'ur them to remain unimproved, ?nd ab- i
>orbed entirely by peculator*? I#that a jual ay* t
trin wbi h permit* th wtalthy ajuculator, who i
make* no improvem ntr, to hold <>n to ibear land* i
until ttli n tux I aettlrr, by thr improvement ol ad I
jarent lamia, tin* made tlirm valuable, and then to i
charge him five tttnra the liovormiirnl pries fur <
litem?
The only plausible objection to the policy of there | 1
giant* to nctu.il arttlrra, winch at Aral a truck me, I
hut who It I l? In vr haa not been advanced hire, |
* ox that the r 11. ct would 1* IO ib precinte the lattda i
tit tin liin.la o( prcarnt proprietors Hut the re i
i or a. , I believe, will lie the i fl-ct. The c|jm of i
jn r?"tia, ivbo would (foOil n (|iiarter an lion and or
i upy and t ultivate it lor live year* to get a title | I
tin reto, would lie in the main poor peraona.and
unab'e to buy ol priaent proprietor* I doubt, air, i
whether it would mike a vinyl* pur< barer Ira*
j i'nc bounty land laws, which have abaorbed It,- i
019,065 acre*, have not had (he effect to reduce the
price* of land* already occupied and improved.
The effect, I think, would be to increase price* to
prrsent owners, by bringing: into settlement and
improvement the public lands which would otherwise
remain in market for sale, and which now
come into competition with the lands of present
owners The prices of lands in the hands of prcs
enl owners are unquestionably kept down by the
largo quantity of the public lands which are sub
ject to sale at $ 1 25 per acre?purchasers being
unwilling to pay from five to twenty dollars per
acre for improved lands, when they can get them
at the (Government price.
The new States have a deep and vital interest in
the passage of this bill They want settlement.
They want these lands to pass out of the hands
of the Government into the hands of individuals,
s i as to make them taxable and contribute their
share to the support of the State governments
The passage of this hill would increase grcitly
the immigration to the land States, insure the settlement
and improvement of the vacant lands, and
augment the capital of the new States, which they
ao much need to enable (Item to engage in innnu- I
facturing, the construction of roads, and other
important public enterprises.
The (Jeneral Government would lose nothing ?
the settlement and Improvement of portions ol the
public lands would increase the value of the contiguous
lands remaining unoccupied, and would
and vastly to the aggregate of agricultural production
and national prosperity.
Hut, sir, the highest consideration is the effect
which it would have to raise to independence and
to elevate a large portion of our fellow-citizens
who gain a hard, scanty, and uncertain subsistence
from tbc earnings of daily labor, or who, in the
dependent relation of frnaiits, pay one-third or
one half of the proceeds of their labor to the owners
of the suit.
I cannot forbear to quote, in favor of the passage
of this bill, the very extract which the gentleman
from New York (Mr. JknCins) has quoted
against it :
" Destitution in Philadelphia.?The Philadelphia
American gives an account of a visit made
a tew days ago to the hovels of many of the poor
and destitute of that city, who live in small un
ventilated rooms, for which they are compelled to
pay ten cents rent each day. It is supposed the
number of these unfortunate beings is about five
thousand. Many of them were found with their
hands and feet frozen for want of fuel to keep them
warm, while others had even disposed of most of
their scanty clothing to buy bread. In one cellar
a faintly were found who had been turned out of
home because they were unable to pay their rent
In nnother place a poor miserable woman and several
children were found in a shed, the children
covered up in a heap ol ashes to keep tliern warm.
Having no rlothing whatever to cover them, the
mother had been driven to this resort to keep them
from freezing. The clothes had been sold to buy
bread."
Plow, sir, me gentleman is most unfortunate in
making1 Una quotation. If be had labored lor
month*, he could not lmve presented a more forcible
argument in favor of the bill. Pass this bill,
ind a strong inducement will be presented to every
jne who is destitute of the means of support, and
who has industry, to My to the public lands; and
instead of five thousand persons in unventilated
rooms, and in a slate of destitution, in the city ol
Philadelphia, we will in a lew years have as many
independent landholders in the Western SlaUs in
he lull enjoyment of all the blessings of life.
Representatives front the West will bear ine out
n the assertion I am aliout to make. There are
housands of tennnts in the western country with
urge families, who are unable to make a dollar
tver and ab ive the amount required for'thesupjort
of themselves and families, after paying to
he owners of the soil one-third of the proceeds
if their annual labor. Flow much ameliorated
A'ould their condition be il they bad their own soil
.0 cultivate?homes of their own, and the exclusive
nj iyinent of the hard earnings of their daily la
x>r? Secure to the industrious poor man a home
bf one hundred and sixty acres of rich and product
ivc Innd, and you attach him to the country. You
give linn a new and certain interest in the soil. He
is then a frieholder, a proprietor of his own broad
acres. His interest is identified with the Government
and so lety. He pays taxes; he lakes an juiciest
in schools and churches, roads and bridges,
end in tho voice of the bsllot-box. lie feels like a
nan, and he is then, in the full sense of thai proud
ippcllation, on American citizen. For these, and
bumcroua other contidcraiioiiiv 1 hope tins Con
jress will decide, that out of the 1,400.b00.u00 un
lold acres of the public domain, every family, every
boor and homeless American citizen, may find a I
1 (nm a home, sir, which he can call his own?his '
astle of strength, a here, secure beneath l.is hum
lie roof, and around his own tircsidr, "be can worktop
(iod rirnealh his own vine and fig-tree, none
luting to molest or make him afraid "
G R A VTB OK LANDS TO ILLINOIS.
Much ha* hern and in the progroaa o! (hi* derate
nlxrut the grants to Illinoia. While the twelve
ami Siatr* are denounced hy the g> nt-leiiian from
Mew York a? flaying a "grub irniiir in the atrup
;le to ire which could get the largest aharc," and
ire denounced a* hind thai"*, illinoia unfortu
lately i- looked upon, pur nrtllinct, a? the Liggttt
and lint/ of all. Her g'>o?i lortune in accuring lib
ral grant* ha* cauacd her to be regarded wi'.h a
ii rt ol malicioutnrn, whi< h ?he in nowiac inertia,
i n<l which ncLiy no in -una justified hy the facta ol
he caac. What waa the priuc.ple upon which Con
reel* appropriated alternate motion* of the public
and* to aid her in the conatruction ol her Illinoia
irnl Mu higart Canal and I lie Central Railroad? Unl
ihe United Suttra make lh'in without an cquiva
enl? Did Illlm i* claim tinman a charily, or for
ier eacluaive bonrfil? j, air; very Inr Iroin t
Ihe print* were made upon bight r conaidi ration*
linn no re licnifit to Illinoia?con aid ci ft I ton a of tin- i
eenoral welfare and nnti n il proapcrily I tie Stall
upied the relation f truatee or agent to the Ge- j
icral Govt mucin to appropritlr the lanila to the
oiiatruction ol worka ot u< kn w lodged natonal
inpoi lance, and in audi a way aa to prudent induce
nenta for Ihe aile nrul oc< upancy ol her oihe- wild
and w hir h had never helore exuted. 'I In ae woe kare
re eaae.nlial link* in a gr at nation I luphway
xientlrig from tin' ocean to the gulf, anil aff i t
np in a high de-ree the intereata of one half the
< ati* of the American Union, 'fake I tie in ip
>f Ihe United .state* and l<>ok at it. From Portland,
n Milne, froin New York and all ihe et.-dcln
ntira, l>y virion* route* to Lake Krie, acr.a* that
skr t, Pelr.it theme to New HufTilo, thence
uro'e Lake Michigan to Chi' ngo, thence hy the
un.il and llhmna river, or C? nrtl railroad, to
2airo, and through the Stale* of Kentucky, Ten
ir?-i e, Mi**i*?ippi, and Alabama, to Mobile,
i ilie< no of tie Ihuuannd eigliL liunrlr d mile*'
Why, air, the world in nil ila p?*t hiatory ha* not
leen am h a route. Here, ulr, i* the pro ileal highcay
' I am ienl or in xlern tuin a The Roman w.iya
x-i re the pride of the people in Ihe day* of R >111*11
lower; hut tlx y il* inlle into uiaignincant e com
ared with thia mighty trai k of the iron I or*c It
aaanot lor Illinoia alone, hut for the nation, that
here grant* wore made. The Stale of Illinoia
* ?? the mere croaaing place f>r the State* of tin
Union.
iiui u. n mi mi' ifovrrn.ii'nt mat i y m r grant*
if land to Illinois? The liindt along tlie line ol
he Central railroad had lx-cn in market rxprMtril
0 mlc at the land office* lor twenty-live yearn,
ilid on nrrount ol their renioteneM from mark-t
m l ilcetitotion ol timber were likely to remain
iiinold for hall a century more They i ame under
To ih nomination ot rr/Tme lande, nrol belonged to
hut claea which at a homer enaction of CnngrrM
* ere proponed to tic ceded to the Slate* in which
hey were intuited, to enable the Government to
1l?pen?e with the expensive machinery of land
tinea and oilier t'xpniiec*, which coet the Government
mere than the revenue derived from their
ule. Sir, it would not take long to convince any
gentleman on thia tt ror, who would go along the
1 ule of the Central railroad, tliil the Gnvrrti
in nl, ua a pr.ni landholdrr, had adopted the moat '
itl ctual no una ul imparting value to Iter landa
irid bringing tliem into market, ami thit, while
Join# thia directly, aha had imlirtcUy given an
inpuiae to trade, a alimulua to produc tion, and
ipni' d new lii Ida to enterpnae, affecting in no
mall decree a.large portion of the In ion It
la a fuel, that a large iniiiiher of the citizen* ol
Southern Illinois have for many yrnra m copied i
ind nil) roved portion* of I lie public landa, with
out proi ui nig any title from the Government, and
without the learof having their p?*. *ci,.ii? dia
lurhed. I'heae lamia In in r in aparaely net lied - (
lion', an<l inaere**ibly cituati d, were a hard liar
gain rvtN to the aeliler, and foiled lo exi ue the
rupidity ot the nperulalor Hut now that Una
road ho# hern projected, they .ire Imcniriing nnxl.oia
almut the i tide--, are aarerting ilo ir pre enip
tiona, and ihoiiaanda are anxmoaly waiting, wuh
their hard dollar*, or warrant* laid hy., to i ke up
llir no ivrd I ind* w ithin the thirty inde slriii rr
nerved from enle the moment they are brought into
Inai krt. And yet not a *pidc ol larth haa been ,
n moved on the road; but tfieac landa will now, in 1
bare expectancy of ila completion, readily yield
| the $2 60 per ai're, and thus renin* to the Oiireru- I
1 merit every dollar ahe naked for the whole nt n
! period much earlier than ahc could have realized
the aame without the grant. If the gentleman
from Maine (Mr. Kullbh) ia right. they are, or
noon will be, worth $10 per acre. What, then,
hua the Ciovrrnment luat ?
til k illinois and michigan (.anal
The gentleman from New York ( Mr. JxnkInb)
has asserted (1 know not upon what authority)
that the errant o! alternate sections of land to the
State of Illinois, to aid in the construction of her
canal, has resulted in great injury to that State. It
is easy to show that the construction of this great
work has had an immense < fleet in promoting the
arltlriiient of the public lands and the prosperity of
ihe State of Illinois. To show its influence upon
the commerce and prosperity of Northern Illinois,
it is only necessary io call the attention of the commit
ten to some id the statistics of the commerce and
j/rowth oft hecity of Chicago, oitu-Hcd a' its terminus
on Like Michigan. In iheyeat 1847, before the completion
of the canal, the iin oris and exports of the
city were only $4,600,000; while in the year IMS,
ihe first year after its completion, they amounted
to $20,000,001). The shipments of corn from the
port of Chicago, ill ttie year 1847, were 67 9"6 bush
els; in 1848, 560,460 bushels; and in ISol 3,221,137
bushel.; and nl this amount '2.235 362 bushels were
r< ceived intoChicugo hy way ol thecanal. The lumber
trade of thg city doubled in a single yenr after
the completion of the canal. So immense is this
trade, ttiat considerably over 100,000 tuns of lumber
arc annually transported on Ihe canal, and
down the Illinois river, into the interior of the
State?the evidences of which, as reinorked by the '
Chicago 7W6un?, may l>e seen in the transformation
ot (he rude log cabin to the elegant mansion,
fl II" I ill IIILJ UIVUIIUII III I III 11 IIIIIII I HUB I 11 II r I~ 11 t *( I I IICI'K
und comfortable school houses, and in a great va
nety oi valuable and extensive improvements.
General Cash said in the Senate Chamber, in
18-18: "It is now twenty-five years ago jhat I flat
ail night in a canoe at the head of a pond at Chi
cugo, there being no human habitation in which
wc could obtain shelter from the inouth of (he IIli
noifl to the mouth ol the Chicago river." And yet,
mr, Chicago is now an important city?the second
city of the lakes. Look at its wonderful growth,
lis population in the year 18-40 was -4,479; in
18-18, 20,023; and now, in 1852, it is >40,000. And
hence, sir, her destiny is onward to her proud elevation
as empress of the lakes, the great commercial
emporium into whose c.ommission>houscs shall 1
pour one-third of the commerce of the Union?a 1
mighty city, rivalling ancientCarthage in her pride
of power. And since the period referred toby Gen
eral Cass, the country stretching from, the mouth
of the Chicago to the mouth of the Illinois river?a 1
distance ot four hundred miles?has made rapid
advancement, auJ has now a better foundation lor 1
solid and durable prosperity than any portion of
the American Union ol equal extent.
In the year 1831 I f.rst ascended the Illinois river. 1
The. whole commerce of the river was then rariied
uu by aome four or five old steamboats, which, be- '
ing unsafe tor the dangerous navigation nf the Mis '
tusippi river, were transferred to this river, whose 1
current is gentle, and, in good stages of water, 1
perhaps the best navigable stream in the world. 1
Hut now, sir, Irom fifteen to twenty-five medium- 1
sued steamers ply weekly between St. Louis and I
Lasallc, the western terminus of the canal, a dis (
tancc of three hundred and twenty miles laden I
with ponder ua cargoes of merchandise, produce,
ami lumber, and thronged with thousands of travellers
in nursult of huainrma or nlcaaor* on their i
route* South, by way of the Mississippi, or to the
new States and Territories of the northwest by way ,
of Catena,or by way of (he northern lakeland rail- |
way routei, to the eastern citiea.
Illinois aivsa. 1
It will aurprise many to learn lhat since the con- j
atrui lion of Uio canal, the transportation and travel
on the Illinois river is greater than lhat on either .
ihe Upper Mississippi or Missouri rivers. In the ,
year lSSl there was imported into the city of St.
Louis front the Illinois river 3"SJ>,26"7 bushels more ^
<>f wheat than trom the Missouri river,ana 215 277 ,
bushel* more than Irum Ibc Upper Mississippi. '
Trie difference in thcarlicle ol corn is sail greater, j
In the year LtaO there were seven hundred and (
eighty.right arrivals ol steamboata at the city ol
Si. Louis from Ibc Illinois river, and, in 1851,sis
huntlrod and thirty four; and in the two years, the
arrivals from the Illinois river were one hundred
and (orly cght more than from ihe Missouri,
seven hundred and thirty-one more than from ihe
Upper Mississippi, tour hundred and scvrniy-two
more lhan from the Ohio, and sii hundred and
ninety two more than from New Orleans. And,
moreover, one half of the tonnage on the Illinois
river finds its uuilet north by way of Chicago,
instead of south by way of St. Louis. Of ihe
firee million bushels of corn transported on the
river, two millions srek its eastern market by way
of the canal and the lakes. An estimate furnished
me by Captain A. H. Dewit, one of the oldest and
most eaperienred navigator* of lhat stream, shows
that about 1,lhh.o'hi tons of produce, 820,000 tons
ol merchandise, and three hundred Ions of lumber
ami salt, are annually transported on this river
by men its of sir <m!>oats and caual-buata.
VVhile on (hi < euhjei t, it may be proper for me
to remark, lint from three to hve months in the
Vrar Lhf n>t vicrm i..t? <>f ihia riv* ? ij . .K?r r??c f #?<! Iiv
liars nnd flits, producing grcat <1?I?y. expense. j
nn I losses, preventing ucc? ? to market, ami affecting
van ati<l iinporlnnt inirrra'a connected
wiiii thr coinmercr ot tlir river. Thrie are twentyrWhl
bars or tlila between Laaalle nrd the tnouih
ul ibe river, composed, aoiue ul ibrm ol aind, and
ollitrs of mud, which could tic ea?ily removed by
dredging, at an expense inoat incotn-i triable when
romp ind wiih expenses incurred f r removing
ot?lrucli ina in harbors for tbe bem fit of foreign
conuncrce ; nml when we conaider tbat Una atri am
if it vi ry important link in tbe chain of nation al
intercommuniraiion which extends Irom the Atlantic
tu New Orleana nn I M ibile, uti the CJuif ol
.Mexico, it u of the highest national linporance
th u these ubs'.r uctiutis should be rcintivid. Con
gieea.by special inactmrnt, once declared thie
atri am a national high* ay ; and it ia at much en
tilled to the claim ol nation ilily a? the Miest aippi
Itself; for it if, lor ih-- purpotca ol commerce, a
direct extension of Uiat very river, to meet the
mighty northern thoroughfare, extending, hy rail
way und the lakre, to the Atlantic ocean.
Hut, sir, the traveller along t lie canal nut only sres
a new and 11 >urisbing commerce, hut he sera an
other object dearer to the p itrio.'a h art. II sees
every canal-boat and ateamer thronged with travellrra,
cii iz -na from every poi lion ol our common
country Here he fin If the weatern man, the
a uthern man, arid, of course, Jona
than," espre?aii'g their astonishine lit at the magic
ar.<1 wondrrlul growth of that wratern world of
i ill * s dia oaring stocks, liniiticr, railroads, trade,
igricuitore, cont, cotton, and codfish; the Com
i>rotntic, secession, s'avcry, an I, whit ia hetler,
earning from each other that there is no good rea
sun for the local animoaitics which have hi retofore
existed and exhibited thrm-elves in alarming as
peels, th: calming to jar the pillars ol the Union,
mid ?nicn, happily, the contact ?ncl r lliatoiu of
modern commerce and htuincM intercourse are last '
wearing away.
Mr Chairman, I feel like complimenting the
hiiwralile gentleman froin South Carolina (Mr.
Orb ) f r lm lucid and i loqucnt iiprrrh in behalf ol
the Missouri r-iad-; and it is not for hi* eloquence
alone I thank liiin, hut for hi* magnanimity
That gentleman w? II knew that thrne road* < I id !
not point to tiio South, hut to the t?a*i; ami that, j '
wliih the South would enjoy no direct hi in til :
from their construction, itiry would p >ur the rich '
treasure* of a new aoH valuable commerce into the
cornttiH/iieiii-houac* of the raatrrn cities. Yet, sir,
he did not pursue the illiberal policy of opposing
grants for the* 1 roads because cal. ol ited to tie tie- '
tit the East more directly than the Sou'li. I * ill '
*ay to that bonorahie getitlrman, I trust the day i*
not far distant when, hy inenns of ihe Illinois and *
A la!j > rna road, we can supply the South with (he
pro lm tioii* of our western farms, an l rrcelvr in '
exchange the rice, cotton, and *ngar of the Sou'h;
whin the cit sen of the South, (lying from thi
hi .at ol n southern sun, shall find a pleasant sum
nnr'a ietre?t in our beautiful grove* and prairie* '
of the West; and I tell that gentlrman, if tlie halcyon
llay predicted hy tny Iril n I fr in Missouri '
(Mr. Mills* ) shall ever d ine, when the young
i in-1, -if the H, in I It altall ihlrruiarrv iritl, nurln ,, t r t
fill (laughter* "I tl c prairie. it ? ill not lung tiI 1
all their notion* of Mrrillon anil disunion will be
hlown nktf higk A union ol the descendant* of
Numpter I*IIit Marion w ith tlm*e of Itooiie ind the
western pioneer, would In- a union indeed, and I
think would he "preserved lor the enko of the
Union."
OKA ST* FOB R A II.KOADK.
Mr. Chairman, 1 do ln?i?t we have a right to complain
of the old Sl?!i ?, because ilicy r? lti*e t.i help
u* wlien ihey can do sn without injuring thenr?elve*
We propose to give them a!i they ??!< lor
ttip l*ml?. II we huild ill" road*, the tiovi rnnirnt
gi I* ?L > Ml | rr acre lor I he fi s-rv ed alternate *rcI
ion -, w ni It is ail jl ask* for the whole. II we do
*
OCITICK OF THJB K K P IH 11 V
NINTH ITHEIT,
V I A ft CINNIYLVAftlA A V I I W I |
WASHINGTON, D. C.
ADVERTISING.
Advertisement* will be inserted in Tmb Birsiiie
at the usual rate* of the other paper* published ia
Washington.
A deduction will be inadeto those who advert it a
by the /ear.
THE TRNWEXKLV nRPl'BLlO
WILL SB IMUID IVBBt
TUESDAY, THURSDAY, AND SATURDAY,
THE WEEKLY ItEPVBLlC
WILL BE PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY.
mm
not butld thfl fisdi, we (ret none of the land*?they
revert to the Government.
The argument ia, that Ute land* belong to all
the State*?that they are a common fund. I admit
it. We do not propose to diminish the common
fund. Then i* it not illiberal in the K>pr*?*?>t??
live* of the old Slate* to withhold from us a post'
tire benefit, when they lose nothing? The public
land*, you ray, a re common property. Let tut
fee what there is in thi* argument. Support that
a custom-hou?e wa* needed in New York, or that
some olMtruction in the harboruf that city required
to he removed, and the gentleman from New York
thould tiring forward it Mil appropriating* inonry
out of the treasury, and I should *ay to htm, "Sir,
you must not take ttic money in the treasury, it
i* common property, and belong* to the people of
nil the States, and \oU must n t approprinte.il to
tlit se oltj, cts, unh ee in the same act of oppropri
ullon you give to I lie Stnle of Illinois ail fqunl
amount lor some object etn may have in view "
Why, if wo can make no appropriations unices
lh-y confer equal bent fit on all the State*, ih u
wc con make none at all. The argument that,
Iming coininon property, the public (and* cannot,
theicfore, he appropriated to great object* of public
utility, because they happen to lie in a partic
ular section, liau argument wnirn, in me preaeiu
raw, in .y pander 10 the cupidity of the Representatives
of llie old Ht.tirs, and 10 their jealousy
of the West,' but it is not very creditable to the
achoola and college* m which tbey were taught the
principle a of logic.
There are paramount reasons why the Govern incut
ahould make these grant a Kirat, aa a great
l<> ml bold r) the Govcrnmeni, in the management
of ita property! ought to exercise, at far an is
practicable, the same prudence and fiirealght wbirli
nil individual under aimbar circumstances would
An indi. idual owning large tracta of loreat or prairie
luud, remote froin aettlement and market, and
valueless, Would readily sell, or even give away, a
portion of snid lands, to iticreaac the value of the
risidue; and especially, if by ao doing, he could
make that residue yield in a abort time more than
the whole would in its unimproved condition.
Stcond, aa a measure of economy to hasten the
aalea of the public lands, and thud at the earliest
period enable the Government to diapenae with the
expensive machinery of land offices and other dps
The sale of the public land* cnnnot be mo>? effectually
promoted than by opening? rood* through
thetn. Take .he road from Burlington to Lafayette,
or from Springfield to Terre Haute, portions
af which run through large bodies of the public
lands?prai-iea extensive and untenanted, and die
lant from market?lands not worth Government
price. Suppose that, by an Almighty flat, a river
straight as sn arrow, unobstructed by snags or
bars, and navigable for steamers of the largest
class at all seasons of the year, should be run
through those beautiful and productive lands?how
long would it be before the Government would sell
rvery acre within a day's travel of that stream?
How long before commeicc would flap her thou>and
sails upon that river? How long before its
ihorea would resound with the roar of steam and
ihe rattle of marhiuery? How long before its banks,
would teem with smiling village#, and its broad
icres bend beneath fields of waring green, and
ihe ripened harvest? Well, air, the railroad will
produce the same results; yea, for all the purposes
>f commerce, speed, and safety, the railroad surII
tsses the river.
claims or tmi west.
The gentleman from New York (Mr. Bennett)
n his speech says:
"In truth, it is a kind of a grab game, where
racb of the new States gets all it can?the most
irlfi-h and clamorous taking the largest share ?
while more than half of the States, and (Wo-lhirds
jf the population, are mere spectators to the skill
and rapacity which the twelve land States display
in taking Ihe public lands."
Rapacity! This is a term applied to barbarians
uid rubbers Sir, this comes well from the modrsl
state of New York. If there is any thing iliat ever
Mill keep that Mate in tnc Hack ground, u is ner
wonderful modesty. She never aaka for any thing.
She never get* any thing'. She is languishing to
! ulh for want of aomc appropriation* out of lite
federal Treasury Now, sir, to be eerious, 1 do
not complain of New York. I do not complain of
what she has got As a citizen of this nation, I
am proud of the Empire State. I glory in her pros
peiity, in the Napoleon-like energies of her people,
and in that oaring enlerpr ?< of Per merchants
and tradesman which has sent our flag into every
port, and planted the feet of our sailors on every
stand of the sea; and I hope, sir, that the liberal
land of the Government will ever be extended to
icr in promoting our commerce with foreign na
i >ns; hut, sir, as a weatern man, I hurl back the
barge of rapacity made against ua for asking
[ rants of worthless wild lands to enable us to get
o her markets, and to swell the sails of her coin
cere*.
Mr. Chairman, much consideration is due to the
lew States. The old Stales came into the L'nkni
iroprirtors of all the public lands within their (lints
Upon the separation of the colonies from the
nothor country, they succeeded to the right of
ininenl domain, which up to that time hail exited
in the crown. They have received the proenls
of these linds into their State trensuiice,
ind they have liecn disbursed for the benefit of
h<ir riurrna. Hut not so with the new Stairs,
n in'iat of theni the General Government is to
til a day the proprietor of the larger port on of
he land* within thur limiia Tin ae States, t* -.
ore Ihrir admimua Into itx Unk? . * et e requlri <1
0 *ul>*< ribc <> the i ondition* contained in the
rrduianre i.f 17*7?"never to inlrrf re with the
I'liinry dilpiiMl ol the so I;" and " lu nnp-?r rm
n x nil land the properly "f thr United 8l%ir?;"
ni'l n 'In- m m of their admi**iofi into ihr Union
i? S ate* Ihry w err rrquirid to aubeenbr In Bti
ithrr condition? "that every tmrt of land mid by
hr l,"hi" d S' al< a, alter tlie day of lb' if adniioion.
ibnulil rema n exi inpi from nny tax lor Stale,
ounty, townaliip, or any purpoee whatever, for
he rm of five ycara from and after the cloy of
a I.-," The firal condition i* utill in f rer. and the
latter remaned in force until J iimary, 1*47, when
ongrc** pnaacd an ail auihoiiiinr I'm Stolen aci
retted into the I'nion prior to the "24t li day of Apr i .
ISiJO, to lax the find* Iroiri the day of aale. It ia
rue, the United State* pave the atxtrenih *?< tloi ;
1 lownahip 'or a Be urinary of learning, tfi avlii
an da, and two lift h< of the five per rent. of i he pr< .
evd/of the public land* to the State of lllinota in
xchaiijre fir ihia iminoniiy from taxation. Hot it
* very may lo ahow that thr Stale hi* loat aeVt ral
nilhona of dollar* more by lhi< aurrender of her
lovereign right to tax the landa ihan all ahe baa
>bl<tlutd Iroio the concccaion* of tbe Government
in cotiaideraiiou for thia immunity.
Hut, ngain : I'here ia ?n equitable claim which
entitle* the new 8 ale* to mine rooaiderali n The
. itisena of the row Stall a have ri claimed the pnh
lie landa from the wilder near, arid given tin in nil
lie value IIIry poMeaa The actual aelller, by hi*
labor and cultivation of ilie out buinlrrd and eixiy
acre* tic huya from ihr Govrriunetil, g'vr* valor
to and bring* into market the adjacent landa
Kvery furrow m ule by lira plough, ivcry road be
open*, every bridge he build*, and every i oin??' lir
rrn I*. add* value to the adjacent G .vernmrnt
landa; and in I:I:n< ?, and in in rat of the new
Sate*, Ihr ayttem of laxntiou Iwing on the mi rain
rem principle, the more he improve* hi? lurid* the
h gb* are Ilie t.ixia; but lire General Govern
mi nt I ring the large*! p'oprietor, ifcrive* thr full
benefit of th- ae aere*?lort* ol value, hul pay* no
In tea.
I'he reclamation of tint Vaat territory ??l of
the A i I'-g'haniea from the aar.ne and the aolitude
>1 the wtldrrnrH, i* n high compliment to the ad
renturoua apint of the pioneer, whore itauitlrr*
our Age ha a impel il h in to rticounirr the ?U'ie
ritud? a of n Irontier life, and to lay hroad and < rep
tie I >ntidalinn of piial common*eallha in their
K-ikl tori"t? ami untenanted prairie* The a< ttlr
m ot of Ih.' Weal la llie gran teat ai hievrinrnt of
lie aire. An half century di?cli>? a a majjo'fi oni
tinpire, and th?- erlahltahinrnt of the inntituiivuaof
i* . r< hjfiott, ami 111??-r ty on that territory which,
it the b* Kioninjr "I the Governor lit, had been con
limned by propiieey na the perpetual (I main of the
in' ayje.
And what ha (he Government <lont ? It i? true,
ilie haa lie g itui 'ed tirade* with tin Indiana, hut by
lirr Infimi polo y ahe h.ta hedged up the path of th
pinion r from th f untie-? of Virginia, at eaeh au<
;raaiv< advance to ihe K i ky mountain', by *-aI.a
it wild Indiana, *ho ?tan<l riady on tin- ho'drr
line with the ) III piemen t * of death to maaaarrr II III,
III *' ife, II nd ehlldreii lly Iter hi it /?> ley -In- I i <
* rone troin tin hard ?armii(fa of the |"<ui? # I
per lie 11 lor rc lec ining h'i lull' ry li m .oe;
lm cupatioll, and makiair I irina for lo r in lltcwil
ilerneaa?that jt 1 io to le ch?a n into il? ahyaa of
the trcaaory, l > tip expen id no. ah r < In than
111 the re glon ol ii- .i | i- 11 on Pi < p r r Innl.lgrant
ihe ai toaI * it o h ta f d, ? nh hi# **?
in one hand and Ina gi o in lie* o her, el on on t >
the receding < um ' h"' " Indian, le.ivii'jr la
hi lid liitn all tin mu enienei a of ?< c t ty di auto'.
i.f*chool< and < htin he d ?i lip n ?.d top < ah
ma, and '*( >1 ?" ' Vl '>' *"1" ' 1 !' ' g '