VOLUME X. j the mountain democrat. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING. BY {>»X*WXO&f SC ». w. wtwiw, W *******• remit. * id 4Dt*>ci—One Y ter, li; Sis Months, MTnneMeathi.il M; One Mouth (payable to the CA* r i«r), iOeenu; Slagle Cople#, 12.4 **nt* ADVERTISING —One Square-, of lOHue*. Brel Insertion, $3; * .- c », KbieeMlt laacrtloB. $1 50; Business Cards, of 10 line* •r Ins ©no fear. $25; Business Cards, of 10 linen or >-e», thm months, $10. A liberal discount will l«e made on the JUre rmtan for yearly and quarterly adyariiaementa which •send oar sqaare. JOB PRINT1NO.—Oor OfBee Is replete with all the imd-io * |.nnTft«l‘ the WSAT. CMAT awu a nrii* execution of •rervstyteof PRIN TING, such as Book,. I'amphlf*. Rrief*. Posters Haadbllle, Circulars. Ball Tickets. Pr-* ramnie.. t>r U flea tee #f Stoek ar Deposit, Billheads. Checks, Receipts, Cards, Labels, etc., In plain or fancy colored inks. JUSTICES' BLANKS. —Affidavits, t'ndertnklnr* aud Wrluof * Attachment, uaderthe new law. Tor snVst this Office; aim, Hank Declarations of Homestead, the ntoM convenient form a .. just 7r’-t>4, a oantpLil* form of Mfk f.fiv Itf’V') j bcaotlfully.esecuted MARRIAGE C'FRiJfTwA l.tT. - p piSHRR. Na. 1714 Washington *treet. opposite Maguire's opera House. Is the only authorised Agent for the MOUNT AIN •KMOCRAT, la the city of San Francisco. All orders for Paper or Advertising left with him will be promptly at tended to. R. L. f IGCERA Is authorised to receive moneys.to* this OXcs. for subseriptlon. FH. BROWN Is the authorised Agent of the DEMOCRAT xt Georgetown. Order* f..r the paper. advertising. ur for jvb work. MB with him. will to promptly attended to. 2MA9. P. JACKSON is the authorised Agent of the MOl’N r TAIN DEMOCRAT at El Dorado. Ordets left with him will be promptly attended to, ■ J IIDLKMAN la our authorised agent at Sacraraer.tc — All orders for sdeortlalag. etc.. leB with him wi;| receive liu mediate attention. a. IV. L. MAS Is agent for the Cwonut at VL*£!s.'.a C :y, Xirada Territory. COL. VM. KNOX Isoor autaartsed a*»m si Ortss’y l*’st - All orders given hiss for the Democrat will he pror. pt.,. at leaded to. Offlo, on Colon* professional CCarfcs, litc. BIN). SHERWOOD, ATTOKSt.Y AT LAW, Plsccrvllle. El Dorado Couu’y, California. Ogee—Doriry'i UuiMii, (up->talra), Maui it. [malld ] THOS. J. ORGON, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, El Dorado, El Dorado County. ;ma!7 F. A. HORNBLOWER, ATTORNEY AND COL'SSKLLUl: AT L4"|V, Will practice In all tin C.-una ofthclltta Judicial Diatrlct. OKEICE—Ai Pilot Hill, El Uur»il..j'.,un may17-dm 1. W. Sbsdbmoii. Oao E Wiu.mu. SANDERSON A WILLfAMS, A T T O ■ X E Y 8 - A T • I. A W . iMRee—Douglass* Building. next doer to the C *ry |Uum, Mala street, P1a*ervifle. A O. W. GORDON, ATTORNEY - A T • I. A W , Tlrf'.nU Cl»f, N T OIT »■ n Coil.us’ D dine, D street -WJ 4. C. KAULi:, A T T o It N E Y • A 4 I. A W . afltt in : m* % j . , Malt* Mi.f, f*m * ,r# ,OH<* UNI, -» t, M - o. ALOIS. IttXttE & SLOSS, ATTORNEYS- \ T - I AW, Office in « ity PWh n.***^r%ilio# jyi’l practice I.an in ti c C ,rt» . f E* P r» * • -v ! •djoif »nf Tountir* —in tl;-.-?*upr*.:.e C - ,i* t, *• ,‘ :e c f I'lik I*rri!ofJ. *7.1'J O. D. HALL, O. YALE, Flare rtUe, &M /V.iiiW*r •. Practice I.aw in all the Courts of Utah. Often, K CiriGii itul Yw-iini City. jt-dd-tf M. K. SHEARER, ATTORNEY AND COUN!*t Ll/Mt AT LAW, AND NOTARY PlJtl.IO. ffT Ollin, it Resulet.c*. Haul tied, ;..;*e jntrt above Bedford Avenue, »*>• a .iO E. B. CARSON, NOTARY PL’OLIO AND CON W.YANCKR, AND Commissioner of Deeds for Nevada ‘fewritM.Y. Office In the Court House, Plac«rvi*'«. [nnvlif J DU. I. S. TITUS. Office—Pottoffice Blork. up—ta’rs. ( a l S. HAltiiIS, Carrier of Main Street and t\e IVata, r L i C I » v l L L t, WHOLESALE and r r ETA!L DEALER IN Havana Cigars, Tobacco, Hooka, Sta tionery, Cutlery, Playing Cards, Yankee Notions, Fruits, Green and Dried, ,\ut» and Candies, at t*As rsisictsco rsicu. Also, receives by every Jttearrer the latest Atlur.t i • and European New»pnpers, M;i»rnainea and IVi odi* eal«, and all the WEEKLY CALIFORNIA NKWH'A pHILS and MAGAZINE*. July* PLAZA BOOK STOKE, P L A C E R V I L I. r. , lift* just received a Kpleudid assortment cf Standard and Miscellaneous Works, STATIONERY, SCHOOL BOOKS, OlfT BOOKS, ALBIUS, CTTLKRT, TOTS, OOI.D rKMfl, VIOLINS, OCITASS, ACCoRDKONS, MtJIC BtVOKft, ■OMAN STRINGS, BTC., Bit ., expressly for the Country Trade, and selling at freatly reduced rates. Also, AGENTS for Sacramento Union, Alta California, Bulletin, Mirror, etc. NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS jKept constantly on hand, and sold unusually low. ‘ july4 R. S. HERNANDEZ. PLAZA BOOK STORE. R. S. IIEU\ v\i>i:z LTA VINO received a large slock of SCHOOL n BOOKS. offers them at the following re placed prices: Sargent', 1st Reader $ 37 V r 2d «• r.O “ 3d •• 75 “ 4th •« ,... 1 00 “ 8th *• 1 25 Robinson’s Elementary Algebra ■■ 1 25 •Thompson’s Prattipal Arithmetic 75 Parker’s Philosophy....'..' 1 50 Wilson’s U. 8. Hist., Illustrated... 1 50 And all other School Books at SAM FRANCISCO f RICES. julyitf A. II. REID'S livehy and feed stable, In the rear of the Old Round Tent, MAIN STREET, PLACERVILLE. THE Undersigned would respectfully inform the publii? that they cun at nil ‘times obtain at his establishment the ———» eery best of driving teams and saddle 41 ine * 0,r,f81 rules. Horses boarded by the day, week, or month • ~ h 5 «o»t reason able terms. f? T“ 4. D. REID. THE MOUNTAIN DEMOCRAT. EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, SATURDAY, AUGUST |5, 1863. Letter front Hon. Umerson Idge, Prcitent Clerk of tlte llepwb llcan Ilonite of Repreiientatlv«-», iu the Citizens of Memphis, Tenues* Mr. Etheridge, Clerk of the House of Representatives, and for several terms member of Congress from Tennessee, hav ing beeninvited to join in a public celc i bration of the anniversary of the surren | der of Memphis to the Federal arms, re ; plies in cn able and sarcastic letter. Its just sarcasm upon the President for his broken vows and rnal administration of office, is very withering. Mr. Etheridge ; was made Clerk of the Republican House - o/' Representatives in July, 1801. He had labored hard to keep Tennessee in the | Union, and in 1802 visited his State,where ■ he was instrumental in bringing hundreds into the Union army, and persuading 1 thousands of his friends to take the oath 1 of allegiance. Washington, D. C., May 19, 1803. Genti euex: I have just received your letter of the 7th inst., inviting me, in bc i half of the Washington Union Club of ' Memphis, to join in a public celebration i of the anniversary of the surrender of that 1 city to the Federal arms. You also speak kindly of my past elToi tG to induce the people of West Tennessee to cheerfully I consent to “ the restoration of the Na ; tiunnl nuthuiity throughout the South.” If 1 believed that, by meeting you on the occasion referred to, I could he of ser vice to a single honest, law-abiding citizen 1 or truly repentant rebel, or that 1 coni.I conti ihute to the least extent in ending the war and restoring the blessings of peace under the Constitution, I would cer tainly attend; hut 1 have no such faith in myself, and therefore I shall not go. In your letter you express the opinion that, by a “direct personal appeal,” 1 might " encourage tiie loyal orree'aiin the disloyal." I confess my astonishment at such a statement; and I can attribute this opinion "I yours to nothing hut a failure on your part to comprel end the masterly policy our great nod good President and the u ist statesmen w ho aid him in shaping and directing the civil policy nf the Government. When yog have fully studied and ui, ler-t.yj the grand purpo ses of our most Go I tearing and law-abi ding Pre-ident; wh-.n you are more fami liar with the profound military strategy a hi b, as “ Commander-in-Chief cf tin Attny and Navy of the United Stab s,” hr is l ow displaying ; and when you further remember (beast 1 dishing sueee-s* we have bad in reclaiming nor “ misguided conn tri men” and in mo queiing our "wav wat I sisters,” I s' ad be amazed if you o : t ; oe to believe it ne- e-S'iiy to “ rti '■ - - ’ e the l.o a! nr t echi'm tiie di-loyal.’ 'd t,g ■ o a, ■ tin- , o al1- ,t pi-.- *lb'c ■ y to.d i lieuragi in. tit in M -tophi*, when, , .i ; , a - y a year you have been inside the Fedeiai lines; when every night l itt •" is substituted lor “ Hush, my bnt.y, don't v on i-ri 1 ," ai.d at reveille “ Hail (V bl'tibi i ' arouses the people to .a <-onseious 1. -s ' I the gn at security w hich is.atl 'nl ■ I to the pr. petty (if the loyal people of M mplus and “a” t!:.- c n;ntry ruun.l t!.;.t •I" ‘ > 1 J-c tan"? lb.w can you or 1 '■'i oiag • t.;i- I .yah" whea our match- I’, -it i.t. tl.i late I - ' r.gress, his sag ■ eon' II r> g.nd his peg!less military su ’ dd.nates have already d-oie and prom ised which vyisdoin can suggest, which . ur sa-red C-.-vUtutiou Authorizes,'and uhi.'hthu V’bii-tiAi) religimi !'I. rates or a; prt ve- ? I In re renmin* nothing f..r u* to do, liiiies* -* J vf to obey mil' li.eienpni a hie Prt». •*/.•*, i.'j all Ids wise measures l 1 no (pier a gh-ri- us | eaee. Tine, w e have aim ng in cioakers an 1 Coppei hea 1 »llly, t.railil-ss men — who aie so unwise and unpali b tie as to question lliewi'dmn of nor in lefatigablc President. If you have any sui li i.i Memphis you should at once denounce tin in a* in sympathy with the rebel*; yon should send them to their fi lends “ d w n S lUth” or to llie Ifry Tor tngas. w hich is understood hy many to hi ll place where everybody is tortured with a thiist f- ; ritie wnisky, and imt a drop eati he obtained. No good Union man van complain of the- con duet ol the wi*e men w !.-) dm cf our pub!;-- allairs. They shouM he taught to remember that n'uudaluhi tiftyuatuni was formerly a high crime — it is a most heinous olf.nse now—and no thing saves such copper colored wretches hut the Christian charity of our most pi ui * Pi esi lent. At your proposed meeting you should so ai range matters as to secure a list of ail who fail to attend or omit to render a sui table apology, :.:,d you should adopt reso lutions of tiles r.ust “ loyal” kind. Allow me to suggest that ihe committee on reso lutions hr select.J from contractors and office holders. 1 particularly suggest one Cooper, who has recently been appointed Assessor for the large, rich and populous I)i*tiict of West Tennessee. He was ori ginally from New Y’ork. True, he was never in West Tennessee until sent from this city on his official errand; but lie no doubt knows, by intuition, the true value of the goods and chattels, lauds and tene ments, Ate., of a people he never knew and a country in which he never lived. Put he- is so loyal— so much so, that I do'-ibf he is better fitted for the office than anv one of the native born sons, brothers or lathers of the- thousands of soldiers whom, before the 22 1 of last September, West Tennessee bad furnished to the Federal army. Let the committee imitate the “Loyal Leagues” of Ifallimoie, and resolve that you not only approve all the present wise and patriotic Administration has done, hut that you w id sustain and uphold it in everything it mny hereafter do. For in stance — the last Congress (in July, 1802) passed a law- to confiscate the property of cci tain rebels. That Congress, though a very wise body, did not possess as much aggregate wisdom as our great and good President. In proof of this, wc need bin refer to the fact that the Congress afore said provided that, under this law, trial should precede conviction and forfeiture, and that guilt should be proven, not pre sumed. Worse still, it offered an amnesty to repentant rebels; it nier ifully gave them sixty days in which to accept it; and provided, further, that our most noble President might suspend for a period the operation of this law as our armies ad l-AO/i.ol uruikuft-! ••'V «r» on iwnvtu rvMf vi> v» ui >*?•?>*••: who still adhered to the national symbol of protection. What weakness! But Congress has adjourned. What was to be done V Thank Heaven, our sagacious President was found equal to the occasion. Vou will perceive that on the first of Jan uary last, under this so-called Confiscation Law, the slaves of every rebel in the Uni ted States' who had not accepted tile am nesty therein provided, were de jure free. But how were we to end this rebellion if the Union men, women and children in the so called Confederate States were li ft in undisputed possession of their legal and constitutional rights? If his policy was adopted, the rebels might become angry w ith these “ monuments of Federal mer cy,” ami iu that event the spared monu ments aforesaid might cling more closely to the Federal flag. This division among the people might cause a still more un happy plate of affairs in Dixie, and our friends might have to bear additional in dignities. As before remarked, our merciful and considerate President was found equal to the ciisis. In a long conversation with some inspired apostles from the saintly city of Chicago—a place where Under dunking and uther worldly amusements are unknown — the President candidly confessed that he vva.t endeavoring (fie d’d not slate the means', to ascertain the will of tin- Lord upon this dillieult question ; that jo soon as he learned the diiinc plea sure, he Verily would do the will of the Mas'cr who sent him. The revelation catne di uhtles*, ** by due course of mail.” Judging from " that which is written,” it am noted to this: That in a portion of Virginia and Louisiana, iu Delaware, in Maryland, in Tennessee, and Missouii, • t wa» lawful for traitors w ho had accepted the amnesty provided by the Confiscation Law*, and all other pcr-utis, to hold slaves, but in the tide veal r r ji ns ol Vittriiiia. and in that part of Louisiana w hich had iv-t been cunse< rated to slavery by the military no mpati m of (ieneia! Butler, a a’sc. in N'.utli Carolina, Floijda, Cic-tgiii, Alabama, Mi-si-»i:qd, Ar’.-.n-ns an 1 Tex as, it should i o Ion -r fie lawful ! >r tie Union i;kii, w..;n eliil l:\ti to hold our Atiiean f l ow riiL.-|.„ . . s rviv < r oifior. And Jet there are t!l"se of the "••• ppe ih.-ail; el ton" who or f * - Ti-.-t to-,e tin- wi-o ::i >f 11 i -‘-tre t niftster -troke of our ta -t r.ohle and exalte:! Fres i lent. Ssii-;-, diJ it nut i 11111: j Jiately elivide Pie Smtli tr.J unite the North ? Were iiot our e'.:..; s f 1 th v illi crowds J with ■ ..ii.t’.ee.. myriads of hold ar.:l arder.t re cruit'? Have not i ur “American hretlicrn of African dcsce: t” crowded hj- thousands int<* our ranks, inspiring our soldiers with a wild i.nthujiimm, and rendering night to.- d with songs of e 1 ■franchised Dinahs and mewling and puking Sambos ? and iiai e n--t our ill ms been \ ictu: ioms ever V where si.O-,- the daw in ’J etitiessee and Kentucky. , I doubt not our noble president will, in due time, adopt-suitable in •asures to ns eei tain the will of the L rd in this behalf. In lee I,it seems to have h.-en made known already to some of the lesser lights. Last Week a grand convention of the loyal wo ; men of America assembled in the city of New York. Each delegate had conceived i (.not a baby) an idea ; and, under the tn j spiration of the great occasion, they have 1 commanded our magnilieent President to proclaim freedom throughout the ends ot the earth. I doubt not, at the proper time, he will so proclaim ; and the twenty thousand troops which Ids Excellency Governor Andrew Johnson was author ized to recruit in Tennessee,(you have no doubt enlisted,)will he ready for the good work of giving practical freedom to our enslaved fellow-countrymen, male and fe male, of Air jean descent. When tin- time comes, Memphis 111 L; a lovely city.— It. - , walks and proiiieiiarigs will bo illumi ii-tci} by the smiling faces and brilliant eyes of the graceful ami accomplished sons and daughters of Lincoln and Liber ty, of d rkniss and Dahomey. True, our Mate Constitution and hiwj, like those of Illinois ar.d other loyal States, will not permit lie.- negroes to come within our State, nor enfranchised slaves to remain there ; but from military necessity, or, as 1 a high official expresses it, *• from the ex neeetaibite rci of the tiling," they will, no i doubt, be permitted to remain. The plan | recently adopted in South Carolina of i selling there tin- lands cf rebels, might be adopted, ar.d thereby Memphis might soon become “a variegated city." Our white ami colored brethren nnd sisters might thus furnish an example of that “ freedom and fraternity - ’ which so many unhappy Northern spinsters sincerely re gard as the only means of compromising the present unhappy distinctions of color. You should by all means, pass a reso lution in favor of giving such rebel farms and pnvnp lots as are not needed for our colored brethren to our Christian friends of the North who desire to live among their colored friends, particularly to that numerous and respectable class who think that both races will bo improved by a cross of the Anglo-Saxon up n the pure Guinea. “When this cruel war is over," how our Psalm singing brethren J from the Church of the Puritans would enjoy a Confederate farm upon Rig Hlack, Red River, the Arkansas or Pontchar tra:n! When the rebels are disarmed, how meek ami lowly, docile and penitent they will be while beholding our North ern brethren occupying their mansions, and illustrating the beauties of (ic-neral Hanks’ apprentice system ! With what impunity General iiutivr would ride from his plantation on Moon Lake to his rancho on Deer Creek 1 Then would bo made manifest the absurdity of those Copper head croakers who foolishly insist that, while military power alone can put down a rebellion, moral power alone can eradi cate its consequences and keep it down. it is true, they cite the example of Vendee; which, in area, is only about one fortieth part of France. There, we admit, the peasantry believed that their religion was endangered, and history re cords that they defeated six or seven of the best appointed armies which the French republic, in that warlike age, could hurl against them. It is also true that afterward, when Carnot was made Minister of V» ui*, he quieted ihe people assuring them they should bo undisturb ed in their Religious faith. These mis chievous faultfinders, to give further force to their insidious assaults upon our worthy President, point also to "Poland ; in which tho Arcs of rebellion are ever burning; but they forget that the Czar y such Republican togies as Thuilovv Weed, and backed by the stupid gradu ates of West Point, was fast becoming a favorite with the army and tho people, and it was gravely hinted by some of his bolder adherents that he might be used by the Copperhead fraternity to supplant our unrivalled President in 18G4. Hesides, 'General McClellan had com manded the Army of tho Potomac long enough. “ Rotation in office" is a sound political axiom. He was, therefore, re tired, although still a fivoritc with the brave men he so long commanded. Rut in all this there is strategy. It is the result of that superior genius and wis dom of our President, who, ns “ Comman der-in Chief,” moves inferiors upon the military chess board with a skill that ex cites die admiration of all who are truly loyal to the Administration. No harm can result front all this. We have an abund ance of leaders ready at a moment’s notice to load the Arinv of the Potomac to the rebel capital. We have in reserve Rutler, Phelps, Rustecd and Lane, to say nothing of Colonel de Utassy, who, like Moham et’s coffin, is still suspended between the heavens and the earth. I look in vain among the names attached to your letter for 0113 which recalls a familiar face. I do not now remember that I had the honor of a personal acquaintance with any one of you, although in former times I knew many of the leading citizens of Memphis, among whom are not a few who are still ardently in favor of a restoration of the Constitution. 1 regret to find none of them associated with you in the proposed demonstration. Iiut I will indulge in no complaints. Wherever our armies have secured permanent lodgment in the South, as at Hilton Head, New Orleans, Ncwbern, Nashville, and Memphis, the Northern friends of our most excellent President have supplied us abundantly Irilii most disinterested men and women, whose loyal tongues are heard in melodious tones, wherever we " hold, occupy and possess" a cotton or contraband settlement in the Confederate wilderness. Look at Hilton Head, where the tender maiden and tougher matron of the North mingle upon sisterly terms with the Pal metto Afiican ladies of South Carolina. A bountiful issue t-f tracts and catechisms will rio doubt soon be followed by an im proved issue of contrabands —not so white as the Anglo, not so black ns the normal African.' In a few years they will TA’alk in beauty like tbe night Of cloudless chines and starry skies, An«l all that's best of dark and bright Meet in their aspect and their eyes. In North Carolina Charles Henry Fos ter, Esq , originally ft nm Maine, and a warm political friend of Rivckinridge, has organized a free labor association, and Governor Stanley has gone hack to Cali fornia in disgust. In Nashville we have a regularly organized Abolition society. Its organ is the same az that of the State and Federal Government, anti the editor, though imported from abroad, is duiug 1 more to sustain the glorious Administra tion of President Lincoln than any native born citizen of the State can do or is will ing to do. This Abolition society and this Abolition newspaper, although conducted within the fortifications of the city, is do ing, no doubt, very much to induce Un people of Middle Tennessee to cease nil further opposition to the wise,gentle and constitutional rule of our disnnguished Chief Magistrate. In Memphis the harvest is a tempting, one. With-cotton at a dollar per pound, and likely contrabands “ lying around loose,” our enterprising Northern friends, who love tho Union and wish it preserved under the guarantees of the Constitution, may make “a good thing of it." Already I hear of several who have farms in Kan sas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and other “ loyal" States, which are now well tilled by negroes who once belonged to tbe Un ion men of tho South. Facts tike these will tend greatly to the restoration of peace and harmony, and materially aid in removing the prejudice which the people , of the insurrectionary States have enter tained against their Northern kindred. They now know that the war is not to be so conducted as to deprive them unne cessarily of any portion of their property; and they now have positive proof that Southern Secessionists and Northern Cop perheads, who charged that the war was to he waged ngain.-t the Louth as a sec i tion, instead of the rebels and their allies, were guilty of falsehood. Furthermore, there is a large party at the North who have persistently refused to regard tile African as the best representative of tbe human race. This intlux of negroes will do much to change their opinions, and Ly tho same means the Southern manners and customs will become gradually intro duced north of tho Ohio and Potomac, rendering our people more homogenous than in former times. Thus we will ' again become a united and loving people. Tbe lion and the lamb will lie down to . gether, and then the millennium will have come. Excuse the haste in which I write and accept assurances of my highest re gard. Very Respectful!v, your ob't servant, 'EM. ETHERIDGE. To J. M. Tomeny, G. L>. Johnson, and others, Memphis, Tennessee. From the Portsmouth (N. H.> 8ta?e« and Union. Nullftflers of Loyal Masiaoliim^tts* If there ever was a principle clearly es tablished in this country, it was the great Democratic doctrine of State Rights,' which is simply the rcognizing and acting upon tho principle that tho rights and powers not specially delegated to the General Government in the Constitution, are reserved to the States or the people.— In all cases where doubts may arise ns to the dividing line, it was held by the fath ers and framers ofpur system, thatjid#'an*' tage, if any, should be upon the side of the I NUMBER 99t States, and that the Federal should not be guilty of the least encroach ment under any pretext whatever. This is, in fact, the great fundamental principle of American Democracy, and its violation tends inevitably to centralization and des potism. Previous to the advent of the present Administration it had come to be a nearly universally conceded principle of action, the enemies of the Democracy hav ing, in some cases, gone even further than the most rigid States Right Democrat,' either North or South, could justify under the Constitution. Congress, in 1850,pass ed a fugitive slave law in admitted pursu ance of the Constitution. But such ardent ■State Rights men were the Federal Abo litintj leaders, that they stood upon their pretended reserved norne powers and en acted Personal Liberty Bills in neealy all the free States, to countetgpt and ifOllify the act of Congress. According to their theory then, Congress committed an rage, an act of usurpation upon the great doctrine of States Rights, by going within the States themselves, and remanding-fu gitives from service which they owed tci the citizens of other States. In some States tho Legislatures made the arrest and rendition of these slaves a penal of fense, subjecting the perpetrators to heavy lines and imprisonment. President Pierce was denounced as an infamous tyrant and usurper, because he ordered the marines of Portsmouth and Charlestown to aid in executing tho laws in the city of Boston in the rendition of Burns. How the Abo lition Republican leaders howled forth their execrations! Charles Sumner, Wen dell Phillips & Co. harangued the excited crowd to scenes of tumult and mobocracy which resulted in tho wanton murder of a United States officer upon the steps of tho Court House in Boston. Massachusetts then held with wondeful tenacity the high State Rights prerogative, of open resistance to a clearly constitu tional law, because it did not happen to chime with the peculiar notions of her higher law fanatics. She even visited her vengeance upon the head of the officer who presided in the Burns trial, and subjected him to the official guillotine because he dared obey his oath of office. That was Massachusetts’ State Rights little more than ten years agol Later still, she stood upon her dignity and denied even the right of Congress to compol witnesses to testify in regard to Old John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry. E orybody will remember tho attempt to compel the attendance of one Sanborn, of Concord, Mass., to testify before the John Brown investigating committee of the United States Senate. The officer sent by the Senate was re sisted by the abolitionists of Massachu setts, and compelled to nbandon the at tempt to execute his lawful authority. South Carolina never went further in the worst days of nullification. Uossacbusselts was not alone. John P. Halo’ undertook to place New Hamp shire in the category of nullification. In (lie United States Senate, when this ques; tion of compelling witnesses, under fho law of Congress enacted in 1846, to ap pear and testify, was before the Senate, he made a speech, from which the following is an extract: — “ I do not know but that such a use aq has been suggested may be attempted to be made of that provision of law. i think the law was passed iinprovidently, because I believe this Federal Government has ho sort of authority to take any citizen out of his State, except in two instances that are provided for in the Constitution, and they are fugitives from justice and fugi tives from labor. ******* The tribunal which sits in the capital has shown that in every question in whicti ; the rights of freemen of the States are 1 brought in collision with the requirement ' of slavery, its members are themselves the basest slaves of the slave power. They do not cnjoy[aml I thank God for it] nor are they entitled to, the confidence of the people of the free States. I hope, sir, that such a proceeding as has been intimated as finding its authority in the law referred to, will be resisted whenever the attempt is made. * * 1 do hope and trust in God, and in the people, too, that the usur pation of Federal power, in this respect, will be taken heeu of by the Legislatures of the free States, and that they will place their foot Griply upon the line of the Con stitution, and say to any Federal officer coming with any precept from any tribu nal, that when lie trenches upon the aa cred grouml of State Rights,he will be re sisted by all the force and all the power that the State can call to its aid.” This was no longer ago than December Sill, IPS!). It was the position of the Re publican leaders then as defined by Mr. Hale, and surely he had as good a right to speak for his party as any other man.—- What now lias become of this great doc trine so sacred but a l'ttle while since ? Supposing Mr. llule’sadvice had been followed during all the arbitrary arrests and outrages of the past two years? What if it shall be followed by the people when it shall be attempted to execute the odious conscription act now threatening us? But it makes all the difference in the world whose hands hold the reins of the Fedcrat Government. Abolitionism rules the roast now, and behold the States, or the people, havi no rights worthy of cogniz ance or respect. The central government is now supreme, omnipotent, allpcrvad ing. The State authorities are not even permitted the poor privilege of appoint ing the officers of the State militia. State laws and State Courts are set aside, and ‘ we have the improved system of Austrian provost guards, court uiartials, and all tho sweets of European despotism. Democracy, Rep ublicanism, civil and 1 constitutional liberty, habeas corpus, and trial by jury are obsulete, defunct, in this ; sublime age of progress and improvement. ; No man is safe in his own house, bis per ! son, or effects, for a single moment Spies and informers infest all the'avenucs of so ciety* Secret orders conni vo at public plunder, and under fictitious names, lure the un wary into the meshes of an infamous oli garchy to perjure their Souls in homage to the bloody Moloch which is trampling hp | man liberty into the grave. * * Tbo ] fact iq.lhiv AdihlniStfStlOB «jj