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THE MAUI NEWS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1913. Good Roads (Continued from pge 1) some times cut down to about twenty-five per cent. Then, later, a progressive Road Board found ways and means to cut this down ot twenty percent, whereat there was much rejoicing. Strange to say, this light grade was later on found to be too steep to meet the demands of an increasing traffic, so by much saving, and sometimes oorrowing, enough money was col lected to cut a new road altogether. This was to be the last word in road building and was to settle this troublesome hill forever. When the masterpiece liberally sprin kled with "thank-you inarms" was completed, its twelve and fif teen per cent grades were so easy cotnoared with what had been ert dured for years that it was consic ered almost a level road. Although' with much yelling, cursing am cracking of whips, and throwing ol stones, big teams of oxen or mule were able to get over the grade with half loads, by the way it was soon found that these steep places were the hardest to keep in repair. In spite of the "thank-you-marms" or cross surface drains, streams would form in the wheel ruts, which would grow into gullys, and every team of mules or yoke of oxen, straining in the harness, would dig deep into the road sur face and loosen up material to be washed away by the next rain And so, after years of use and thousands of tons of hauling and great expense of repair work, it was found that tins costly reloca' tion would have to be discarded for a still lighter grade. This process has been repeatea, as" marks on many of our hillsides can testify, in some cases four or five times. In many instances, the cost of a five or six per cent grade at the out set would have been considerably less than the amount expended in the various stages of reduction "6f the thirty per cent grades to ten per cent, to say nothing of the enormous cost of the hauling and upkeep. It is to be hoped, how ever, that this sort of false economy is about at an end. Until only recently, the road sur face in most of the country districts received but little treatment except with the natural materials readily at hand, and then with little selec tion of the best materials available. When mud holes became so bad as practically to stop travel, a load of rocks and boulders, and likely as not rubbish and brush, and cane trash, were hauled and .dumped into the hole. Where Hhe road might develop at other laces a crop of rocks, these were usually covered with a thin layor of earth that would be washed away by the first heavy rain or blown away during the dry weath er. These processes were repeat ea over ana over again, in some few localities where gravel or aa weie handy, these materials were hauled and spread'on the road, but in a more or less haphazard fashion; Best for Ditch Work 13-inch J 7-inch $9.50 $17.50 Also a fine tan 18-inch boot, laced in front, anu somewhat lighter $8.50 No i I MANUFACTURER'S I 1051 FORT STREET, and it was not until about 1895 that rock crushers and steam rol lers were introduced into the country districts. Even then they were used only intermittently and sometimes not at all. Having been purchased by a beneficent central Government and sent into the dis trict without having been asked for, they were allowed to stand out in the weather for years until worthless. But the advent of the automobile and motor truck, which have cer tainly come to stay, has revolution ized the road industry and imposed J new requirements. The automo bile has annihilated distance and encouraged travel to such an ex tent that the question of road im provement is on everybody's tongue. The influence upon road construction of the motor driven vehicle is more towards better road surface rather than extremely light gredients. Most of the modem automobiles can toke six or seven percent grades without difficulty on tne liign gear, ana tor snort distances, considerably steeper grades, but for economical and comfortable running they require a fairly smooth, hard, road surface. I am glad to say thai this problem is now in a fair way to be solved. Without going into too much tech nical detail, I will briefly outline some methods that have been suc cessfully employed in the County of Maui. The problem has been to find some method within our means. With nearly 200 miles of main art eries and 300 miles of branch roads, the thought of anything like a cost of $8,000 or $10,000 a mile for high class asphaltic pavement only i Drings discouragement- iiuwnfi , 1 l T T - 'Dy making judicious selection and use of the natural materials at hand, which vary greatly in the different localities, much can be accom plished. In some districts there is a very firm, hard pan from a few inches to two or three feet be neath the surface loam. Cutting down to this hard pan, crowning and ditching produces a surface that resists wear and action of water very well and requires only a slight amount of repair work. Firm red or yellow clayey soils, covered with about six inches of the coarsest sand to be had, well plowed and harrowed into the sur face, and watered and rolled, make excellent roads, except during very heavy rains, and they dry hard and smooth in a few hours even after a heavy soaking if well crowned. The more rainy districts require an excess of sand. Salty, sticky ooze from fish ponds mixed with sand is also very good. If these roads become muddy, more sand is hauled on during wet weather and allowed to become in corporated with the surface by the action of travel. Of course, these are not the most permanent roads, but they are inexpensive to build and maintain it repairs are made in time. On the most costly and best class of road that can be built, maintenance work should begin within a few days after it is fin ished. 0,GARFIELD Company's Other Boot Has As Many Water-proof qualities. SHOE COMPANY, Ltd. : : HONOLULU. Aa, or rough lava, or gravel from the gulches, where found, are the most logical materials to use. Attention must be given to grading these materials properly as to size, and rolling and watering are very beneficial but this we can not always afford. A small amount of earth is desirable to act as a binder. Repairs should be made promptly where needed with the same kind of material. The gravel roads are sometimes given a sur face coat of oil after they have been compacted by several months of travel. This is not always satis factory, owing to the difficulty of getting the surface free from dirt, which prevents penetration of the oil, but if repairs are looked after promptly before holes develop, it makes a very fair road for light travel and at a low cost. Near towns and villages where travel is heavier, a better class of pavement is used, being a macadam of crushed stone treated with crude oil. This has been found to meet all the requirements of our travel when we have observed the follow ing rules: 1. The foundation, if not al ready so, must be made firm enough so as not to yield under the heavi est loads that might go over it and this is done by thoroughly rolling the sub-grade and in some places by filling in soft spots with large rocks. 2. The rock to be No. 2 and 3 mixed, from the size of a hen's egg down to a walnut size, spread five inches deep, and rolled several times with a steam roller until the surface is smooth and unyielding, liberally sprinkling at tne same time. 3. After allowing to dry out, every particle of dust, dirt, horse droppings, etc., are swept off, and ordinary crude oil, the heaviest we can get from 14 to 18 Baume is poured on, putting on all that the rock will take, and rubbed in with brooms. If travel can be diverted, this is allowed to stand for at least a week until all the volatile constituents have evapor ated, but if not, a thin coat ing of rock screenings some times sand, just sufficient to take up the excess oil, is applied, and the road is opened. When the oil has "set" or become firm, an other coat is applied and allowed to stand about a week. Then a thin layer of half inch screenings is applied and the road is finished. These roads coat, exclusive of any grading except shaping and rolling the subgrade, from 500 to 70 a square yard complete, depending upon the cost of getting the rock. Where rock has to be hauled several miles, of course the cost would be still higher. The cost of mainten ance, consisting of a light coat of oil about once a year, is slight, being about one cent per square yard a year, with oil at $1.50 a barrel at the tank. The cost of mainten ance would be much greater if re pairs were to be delayed until holes form in the surface skin of oil. One of the objections made to this method is that at times the surface peels up and holes form, which are very difficult to patch. This peel ing can Hearing always be traced to lack of cleanliness of the iock before oiling. It is very essential that the surface of the rock be absolutely free from dust or litter of any kind; even a thin layer of ashes from the steam roller leaves a weak spot that will after wards peel up, as it keeps the oil from thoroughly coating and bond ing the stones. There has been as great a devel opment in road making from the viewpoint of administration as in technical matters and there is as much room for further development. The earliest roads were built under thedirection of the chiefs by the common people, who were practi cally slaves. While this system may have its advantages on the score of economy, it is not likely that we should care to have it re-introduced at this day. Later on, certain roads were built by men as a sort BY AUTHORITY. The Bonnl of Commissioners of tlie County of Maui, will hold a meeting Rt the public room in the Mnsonic Temple, Kahului, on Thursday, the 2nd day of October, 1913, at 2 P. M. to consider the application of Y. Kagawa for a first c!rs wholesale License to sell intoxicat ing liquors in a one story frame building to be erected on the main road at Wai kapu, in the district of Wailuku, Maui, under the provisions of Act 119, Session Laws of 1907. All protests or objections against the issuance of a license under said applica tion should be filed with the Secretary of the Board not later than the time set for said hearing. Dated September 6, 1913. D. C. LINDSAY, Secretary, Board of License Commis sioners. Sept. 6, 13, 20, 27. IN TIIK CIRCUIT COI KT OK THE SECOND ClUCl IT TEHItlTOHY OK HAWAII. At Chambers In Probate, In the Matter of the Kstate of JOHN KALl'NA, Late of Paia, Muni, deceased. ORIIKR OK NoTICli OF IlKARtNR PETI TION for Administration. On Reading and Filing the Petition of Julia Kuawale Kaluua widow of Paia, Maui, T. II. alleging that John Kaluua of Paia, Maui, T. H. died intestate at Paia, Maui, T. H. on the 16th day of August, A. 1). 1913, leaving property in the Territory of Hawaii necessary to be administered upon, and praying that Letters of Administration issue to I). C Lindsay. It is Ordered, that Tuesday, the 14th day of October, A. V. 1913, at ten o'clock A. M., be and hereby is appointed for hearing said Petition in the Court Room of this Court at Wailuku, Maui, T. II., at which time and place all persons con cerned may appear and show cause, if anv they have, why said Petition should not be granted, and that uotice of this order shall be published once a week for three successive week in the Maui Nhws, newspaperpublished in Wailuku, County of Maui, Territory of Hawaii. Dated at Wailuku, Maui, Sept. 9, 1913. (Sd.) S. B. KINGSBUKY, Judge of the Circuit Court of the Second Circuit. Attest: (Sd.) EDMUND H. HART, Clerk Circuit Court of the Second Circuit. Sept 13, 20, 27, Oct. 4. IN THE CIRCUIT COURT, SECOND CIRCUIT, TERRITORY OF HAWAII. In Probate At Chambers. 1672. In the Matter of the Estate of KAMAI COCKETX, Late of Waikapu, Maui, de ceased. Oudicr ok Notice ok Pktition kok Allowance ok Accounts, Dktkr m 1 n 1 xo Trust an d distr i huti ng the Estate. On Reading and Filing the Petition and accounts of Patrick Cockett, Exe cutor of the Will of Kamai Cockett, late of Waikapu, Maui, deceased, wherein petitioner asks to be allowed $568.82 and charged with $520.05, and asks that the same be be examined and approved, and that a final order be made of Dis tributing of the remaining property to to the persons thereto entitled and dis charging petitioner and sureties from all further responsibility herein: It is Ordered, that Monday, the 27th day of October, A. D. 1913, al 10 o'clock a.m. before the Judge presiding at Cham bers of said Court at his Court Room in Wailuku, Maui, be and the same hereby is appointed the time and place for bear ing said Petition and Account", and that all persons interested may then and there appear and show cause, if any they have, why the same should not be grant ed, and may present evidence as to who are entitled to the said property. And that notice of this Order, be published in the "Maui News," a weekly news paper printed and publishe'd in said Wailuku, Maui, for three successive weeks, the last publication to be publica tion to be not less than two weeks pre vious to the time therein appointed for said bearing. Dated ut Wailuku, Maui, Sept. 15, 1913. (Sd.) S. B. KINGSBURY, Judge of the Circuit Court of the 2nd Circuit. Attest: (Sd.) EDMUND II. HART, Clerk Circuit Court of the 2nd Circuit. Sept. 20, 27, Oct. 4, 11, James C. Toss, Jr., Civil Engineer & Surveyor. Oi iick Market & Main St. Wailuku :-: :-: Maui The Winery is Full Of Pure Kaupakalua Wine We do not have to make excuses for Maui Wine. Just try it and ask your dealer for more. Kaupakalua Wine & Liquor Co. Ltd. Haiku, Maui. ' ' What kind of a You Need?" There's the INGECO Or the Standard Or the FRISBIE Honolulu Iron HONOLULU A letter addressed to us will receive prompt and careful attention and MAIL ORDERS "handled as you want them. est. mi C.R. COLLINS ( Automobile Trimmings. Pantasote for Auto Tops, : Curtain listeners, Trans parent Celluloid for Curtain Lights, Wind Shield Glass. Leather Goods, Etc. . FREIGHT PREPAID ON ALL tl. Ilackfeld Insurance Agency Now with the First National Bank of Wailuku The only fully equipped agency on Maui. Patronize your home agency. T r nlr Automobile Pointer. . LOO JOCK Opposite Old Wailuku Depot, Wailuku. Maui. Gas Engine do A general utility engine for Farm, Dairy, Coffee Mills, Pumping Flants, etc. Adaptable to ALL needs. An engine well known locally for its fine performances. Burns gasoline, benzine or distillate. 4IIP to 150IIP. "The All Day Motor". A high-speed marine and gasoline engine. For further particulars ask the Works Company SADDLERY CO. Honolulu SADDLES, HARNESS COLLARS, MULE and HORSE GOODS REPAIRING ' DEPAR TMENT, WORK GUARANTEED. GOODS ORDERED FROM US. & Co., Ltd pi . i i 3 m c (Continued on page 4.)