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If1' ? --1 WTU ?T j BHir?d Fliher * Hdvin De Leon. TERMS. DAILY, |10 00 TRIWEEKLY, . 5 00 WEEKLY, 2 00 Subscriptions payable in advance. Any person procuring five suW-ribers shall receive one copy gratia. All letters to tbe Editors to he fot>t-paiu. Office, Pennsylvania Avenue south aide, between 3d aod 44 streets. 8 O U T HER N C E N TRAL AGRICULTURAL AStOt'lATIONi rnHE Fif.h Annual Fair of the Southern Cent, L ral Agricultural Association, will beheld during the week embracing Wedne-diy, the 1 Uh day of August next, which is the day of the fifth annual meeting at Atlanta Georgia. Tne Committee charged with he duty of pre cribing such gene a' ru es ?-> they may deem necessary to a proper management 01 the approaching Fair, have ad >pt?d the following General Regulations. 1st The Fair Grounds and Buildings will be opened for visitors on Monday morning, and continue opin until Friday evening. It is therefore desirable that all persoii'hav ng articles for exhibition, shall be on lb 1 ground a-. ear y a* Friday or Saturday the "llh and llli'i A<nrusl wh -n a C.nn. I THE SOUTHERN PRESS. DAILY., JtVol. 1. Washington, Friday, August 'ill, 1850. Mo. 58. mit'ee will be there ready to rec ive them. 21. The Association has an ample fund, and will, in all cases, b rnome responsible for the safe-keeping o< articles which may be placed in the hands of ii? t flicers and committees, (the owner taking a check for the same,) until the close of the Fair, which will bo announced beforehand, in aiup'e time to | give them op;.ortunty to recover their goods, and to prevent thereby the- leaving of any goods or articles unprotected after the adjournment of the Association. 3d. Mark A. Cooper, Richard Peters, David W. Lewis, Wm. Ezzard. an l James M- Calhoun, are appointed acommitlee whose duty it shall be to see that all articles entering the fair grounds for exhib itioi, fdia I have fir9lbsen enlercdin the S .cretary's book or registry?then labelled w th the owner'snimc and reside ice?and price, if for sale?giving to the owner a corresponding card?and then classified and arranged by departments, and in such order as to facilitate the labors of the several committees on premiums; and also to employ such police and doorkeepers and clerks, as shall be necessary for the protection of the grounds and buildings, and such clerks as they may need in the arrangement and libelling of articles. 4th. There will positively be required, in all r.ttQKi a miniitA arwl nr.AirafA written illustrating and explaining every article i-cnt for exhibit'on?;he statement to be delivered to the Secretary. For instance, if a Machine, a statement of is powers and uses, cost, time of invention, and any other fact deemed valuable by the inventor or maker. If Horticultural or Agricultural Products, mode of preparation of land and soil, manure and time of planting, mode ofcultivation. If an Animai, the pedigree or stock, age, mo ie of raising, &,<*.. If Needle-work or Painting, or any work of Art, the length of time bestowed on it, or the amount of labor; the ago, if by children or very old persons; the value, uses, &c. Since this is the most reliable mode of collecting such information as may be worth publishing in the transactions of the Society, visitors, patrons and members, all will take notice, that a premium will not bo awarded to any article, whatever its merit, unless accompanied by illustrative and explanatory statements, made out in legible band, and in a style tit at once fur the press. 5th The delegations of thesorveral county Societies arc requested and enjoined to mako out, upon consulation, a report of the present condition of Agriculture in their several counties, of the improvements in farming, tillage, draining and manuring, which have been or are in progress of being adopted. The leading products of their counties, the modesof preparation, time of planting and mode ofcultivation. The means and measures of preserving and increasing the fertility of lands. Accurate Agricultural memoirs from the scrvcral county societies would mako up an amount of valuable information to he sent out in the published transactions of the Society. 6th. It is desirable to make the Fair a Central Southern Agricultural and Manufacturers Exchange We request individuals who have a surplus of choice articles, or who make them for sale ?such as choice seeds, machines, stock, &c ?to carry them there for sale, and not alone for exhibition for a premium. 7th. Premiums.?It is impossible to name in a notice like t lis all, the various articles to wh eh premiums wdl be granted. However comprehensive we might make any enumerated list there would .ciik. ...... ..n.i.i ?ir i ...u.i. .....is sun uc iijuiij diiiuita ui uitiu uuciru ? ii en wuuiu not b-? embraced in it, and jet richly deserving p-emiums. lest therefore the announcement of pre miums for particular articles might be co istrued by some into an exclusion of all articles unannounced, the Committee requests the people generally to observe, t hat it is intended to give the action of the Association the very widest scope, embracing every thing that is ingenious or useful in business or art All then, with whatever they have for sale or exhiaition, are invited to come. The only regulation fun her necessary on this point perhaps is, that, on all articles of the highest merit in the department of Stock, Mechanics, Agricultural Implements, and valuable improvements or inventions in any of the departments, a premium of a cup worth $ It) will be given ; on the second best articles a cup worth $5 will be given, on the third best $ 2. 50 ; on the fourth an honor. And 011 all arii ck'S of the highest merit in the remaining depart ments a cup worth $5 will be given ;on the second best ? 2. 5U; on the third an honor; on ihe fourth, 2d honor. On miner and tnisc llaneous articles, premiums from one to three dollars?the-e however,are general regulations, and in particular case or cases ol peculiar merit the committees w.ll be pe-mitted, indeed are requested, to vary the rule. 8th. A hill will be prepared and assigned paricularly to the Ladies for their garden products, fruits, flowers paintings, needle-work, &c. They are cordially invited to attend. Their assistance in many departments of the fair is absolutely necessary to a proper management. 9th. The facilities of g-tting to this central point induce us to invite, and to expect the pre 1 scnce and contributions of many of our fellow j citizens r.f Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and Florida. VVc hope thev wll unite with us in making this institution indeed, what itis in name, a Southern ! Central Agricultural Association. lOdt. Toe President upon a consultation with J such members as he can call to his aid, shall appoint committees and assign to them their respective de- : pdriments, and to these committees so appoiuted the committee of reception shall furnish lists of the articles classed anJ arranged in their respective departments. In order to the perfection of this t arrangement, the committee appointed to publish 1 these regulations, will h-re repea% and enjoin 1 upon all to take notice that articles for exhibition J may be received and arranged on Friday and Saturday the 9th and 10th of August, so that when the President shall appoint his committees on ; Monday morning, the committee of reception may , have their lists of articles, and the several com- < mittees proceed at once to the examination of arti- ( cles, and thereby have ample time to make their reports to the annual meeting on Wednesday. Thursday will be devoted to sales?Friday to gen- ( eral re-delivery of articles. The exhibition con unuing me wnoie nine. 1 ]tli. Any alterations of, or additions to, the foregoing rules, will be published at Atlanta early j Monday morning of the Fair week. 12th. The annual oration will be made on Wednesday, the day of the Anniversary meeting, immediately preceding the reports of committees, j by Col. John Billups, of Athens, Georgia. 13th. The Committee have the prospect of , making arrangements with the Macon, State and i Georgia Railroads, to run accommodation cars early every morning and late in the afternoon, to Griffin, Marietta, Stone Mountain, and Decatur, to give visitors the opportunity of the accommodations of the good Hotels at those places while in attendance upon the Fair. 14th. The citizens of Atlanta have provided comfortable quarters for Committees and Officers, and others engaged in the laborious business ofi the fair. 15th. The Secretary is directed to publish these regulations in the Cultivator, and to pro-' cure as far as practicable their publication in tho j wckly papers of this and the anjoining Slate*. ; By order of the Committee of Arrangements. DAVID W. LEWIS, Sec'y Southern Central Agricultural Association. Sparta, 25th June, 1850. MATHEWES & ROPER, Factors and Commission Merchants, f r Cotton, Rice, Bagging small country Produce, Vaadsrhorst'l Wnarfj Charleston, 5. C. MECHANICAL ARTS & SCIENCES < i D. APPLETON & CO., NEW YORK, HAVE IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION, IN PARTS, PRICK TWENTT-P1VE CENTS EACH, Dictiouay of Maohinev, Mechanics, j Engine-Wolc, and Engineering. Designedfor Practical Working-Men, and those intended for the Engineering Profession. Edited by Outer Btrnk, formerly Professor qj Mathematics, College of Civil Engineern, London ; Author and Inventor of144 The Calculus if Form," "The JVW and Improved System qf Logarithms," i iiThe Elements of Euclidby Colors," etc., etc.,etc. j THIS work i- of large 8*o. size, containing nearly ! tteo thousand pages, upwards of fifteen hundred j plates, and six thousand wood cuts. It will present working-drawings and descriptions of the most important machines in the United States Indepen dently of the results of American ingenuity, it will contain complete practical treatises on Mechan ca, Machinery, Engine-work, and Engineering; witn all that is useful in more than one thousand dollars' worth of folio volume^ magazines, and other i books, among which may be mentioned the following : 1. Bibliotheque des Arts Industriels. (Masson, Paris.) 2- Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal. (London.) 3. Engineer and Machinists Assistant. (Blackic, Glasgow.) 4. Publication Industrielle. (Armengaud Aine, Paris.) 5. Jamieson's Mechanics of Fluids. 6. Treatise on Mechanics. (Poisson.) 7. Allgemine Bauzeilung mit Abliildungen. (Korster, Wien.) 8 Organ fur die Fortschritte des Eisenhabnwe- : sens in technisrher Beziehung. (Von Wal degg. Wiesbaden.) , G. Sherwin's Logarithims. it). Byrne's Logarithms. , 11. The Mechanical and Mathematical Works of , Oliver Byrne. 12. Silliman s Journal. , It A Ir.Tix. in?. Miii>>hini>n.1^nrvi<lnmi1ill. ^ IT111S- < ?r V se, Leipzig. i 14. Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain and America contrasted. 15. Holtzapffels' Turning and Mechanical Manip pulation. 1G. The Steam Engine. (J. Bourne.) 17. Eisenbahn-Zeitung. (Stuttgart.) 18. Tregold on the Steam-Engine. 1!). PiIte's Mathematical and Optical Instruments. HO. Dictionnaire des Aits et Manufactures. (Laboulaye, Paris. 21. Sganztn's C.vil Engineering. 22. Brown's Indicator and Dynaonmetcr. 23. Origin and Progress of Steam Navigation. (Woodcrofl.) 21. Essai sur ('Industrie des Malieres Textiles (Michel Alcan, Paris.) 25. Macneill's Tables. 2G. Griers' Mechanic's Pocket Dictionary. 27. Tcmplelon's Millwright's and Engineer's Pocket Companion. 28. Lady's and Gentlemen's Diary. 20. Marine Steam Engine. (Brown.) 30. Weisbach's Mechanics and Engineering. 31. The Mathematician. (London.) 32. Barlow on Strength of Materials. 33. Hann's Mechanics. 34. Mechanical Principles of Engineering and Architecture. (Motley.) 35. Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3G. The Transactions of the Institute of Civil Engineers. (London.) 37. The Artisan. oJ /P..K. 03. v^uai IU IJ IU^X-ID vu ui/lished by Weale, London.) 39. Imperial Dictionary. (Glasgow.) 40. Student's Guide to the Locomotive Engine. 41. Railway Engine and Carriage Wheels. (Barlow, London,) 42. Recueil des Machines Instrumens et Appareil. (Le Blanc, Paris.) 43. Buchanan on Mill Work. 44. Practical Examples of Modern Tools and Machines. (G. Rennie.) 45. Repertoire del'Industrie Franquaisc et Elrangere. (L. Mathias, Paris.) 46. Treatise on the Manufacture of Gas. (Accorn, London.) 47. Setting out Curves on Railways. (Law, London.) 48. Hodge on the Steam-Engine 49. Scientific Ameiican. 50. Railroad Journal. (New York ) 51. American Artisan. 52. Mechanic's Magazine. 53. Nicholson's (Peter) Dictionary of Architee lure. 54. Dictionaire de Marine a Voiles et a Vapcur, (De Bonnefoux, Paris.) 55. Conway and Menai Tubuler Bridges (Fairbarn.) 56. Brees' Railway Practice. 57. Ilnrlow's Mathematical Dictionary. 58. Bowditch's Navigation. 59. Gregory's Mathematics for Practical Men. 60. Engineers' and Mechanics' Encycl pedia. (Luke Herbert.) 61. Patent Journal ; London. 62. Bree's G ossary of Engineering. 63. Encyclopedia of Civil Engineering. Crasy. 64. Craddoclt's Lectures on the Steam-Engine. 65. Assistant Eneincer's Railway Guide. (Has koll.) 6G. Mechanical Principia. (Leonard.) The great object of this publication is, to place j before practical men and students such an amount of theoretical and scientific knowledge, in a condensed form, as shall enable them to work to the best advantage, and to avoid those mistakes which hey might otherwise commit The amount of useful information thus brought together, is almost i beyond a precedent in such works. Indeed there is hardly any subject within its range which is not treated with such clearness and precision, that even a man of the most ordinary capacity cannot fail of understanding, and thus learning from it much i which it is importrnt for him to know. i From the annexed list of the principal authors and subject comprised in this work it is self-evident, that all citizens engaged in the practical and useful arts, etc., may derive 'essential advantages from the po-sessiou and study of this publication, l'he following miy be especially designated : Millwrights. Moulder and Boiler Makers. , Artificers in Brass, Copper, and Tin. | Sutlers, and Workers ol Steel in general, ilarpenters. i Brickmakers. i Workers in Ivory, Bone, and Horn. I oivil Engineers, Railway Contractors, and Con- j < tractors for Earth-Work, and Masonry of ever} ; < description. Architects an I Bridge B li'ders. Builders, Master Masons, and Bricklayers. ' | Ship Bnilders, Masters of Vessels, Ship Carpcn- i i ters, and others connected with Building ami 1 Docking Ship*. i i Block and Pump Makers. j < Hemp Drovers and Hope Makers. j < Manufacturers of Linen nnd Cotton Fabrics. i i Manufacturers of Spin nine; Machines, Rorinp! Machines, Card Breakers and Finishers, Draw- [ < ing Frames' Willows, and Pickers, etc., connect- I cd with Cotton, Flax, and Wool Machinery. Calendcrers, Bleachers, and Calico Printers. Cloth Folders, and Measurers, and persons inter ested in Sewing Machinery. \nchorand Chain Cable Manufacturers. I f Cutting and Turning Tool Makers. ( in and Needle Makers. Vail and Rivet Maker*. Bolt and Screw-Bolt Makers. Vail Cutters. Coiners. Leather Dressers and Curriers. Manufacturers of Great Guns and' Small Arms. Dandle Makers. Biscuit and Cracker Makers. Lace Makers. Ribbon Weavers. Stone Cutlers and Marble Masons. Dyers, Cloth Washers, and Scourers, Coopers. Cider and Cheese Manufacturers Crown, Crystal, and Plate Glass Makers. Sugar Boilers and Refiners, with Proprietors of Sugar Plantations. J Manufacturers of Railway, Bar, Round Ribbon, and Rod Iron. Whee' Axle, and Spring Makers. Engine Drivers, and Persons connected with Ilia Locomotive generally. Engineers, and Captains of Steam Vessels. Managers of Stationary Engines. Lumber Dealers and owners of Saw Mills. Veneer Critter s. f Owners of Planing Machinery. r Corn Millers, and Persona connected with Bolting and Bran-Separating Machinery. Fanners and Per?ons using Grain-Shelling and Threshing Machinery. I Buhl Workers, Carvers Engravers, and Ornament | Makers in general. I Persons employed in the Manufacture of Gas. Meters of Copper and Lead Tubing. Linen and Straw Paper Makers. ' Ship Owne-s, llarbor Masters, and others inter- < eslMi in Dredging Machinery. I Well Sinkers. Astronomers, Philosophers, and others using Philosophical Apparatus and Instruments. Miner's Engineers, and other, interested in Pump- I ing Engii es. I Persons interested in Canals and Aqueduct*. Warehousemen, and others, using Hydraulic Presses, Dynanometric Cranes, Jack Screws, ? Common and Feed Cranes. t Woikcrs in Metals and Alloys. j Tin Plate Workers. . Spring Maeufacturers. Wheelwrights, Clock Makers Ilorologists, &c. The publishers have expended a large sum of | money to get original drawings of machinery in | practical use in this country, and have n ocured j almost every woik on the sudject, whether pnblished in England, France, or Germany, 11 e most 1 essential parts of which being comprised in this I Dictionary, render it as perfect and comprehci- f live as possible. The publishers have e 'deavored ( touse great economy in type, so that each ppgo of ^ mc woiK contains ai icasi iuur ?mra ms nu..?~w of words found in ordinary pages of the same ize. < This has also secured to each plate woiking-diaw- ( ugs of ample .size and clearness, to that a Kechar'c ( may construct accuiately any machine described. . The publisheis are, in short determined, regardless of cost, to make the work as complete as pos- < siblc ; and it is hoped every one desirous to obtain | the work will procure it as issued in numbers, and j thus encourage the enterprise. The work will be issued in semi-monthlv num- ( bers, commencing in January, 1850, and will pro- t grass with great regularity. t The whole work will be published in 40 numbers at 25 cents per number, and completed within the current year, 1850. A liberal discount will ( be made to agents. Any one remitting the publishers $10 in advance I shall receive tire work through the post office free i of expense. Notice to Proprietors of Jncxcxpnpers throughout the j United States and Canada. If the foregoing advertisement is inserted five j times during the year, and the paper containing it . sent to its, a copy of the work will be sent gratis in payment. ' United States Mail Steamship Company, j CI1AKGF. OF DATE OF RAILtVQ TO MONDAY, AUGUST 26, at 3 p. m. | From the pier foot of Warren street. The ; UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMSHIP OHIO, J. F. Schenck, U. S. Nuvy, Cenimander. f M^IIIS splendid steamship will sail ns as above, Jl. with the Government mails for the West Indies and California. The arrangements for the transportation of pas- '] sengers to San Francisco, without delay on the Isthmus, being now completed, the Company are ' now preparing to issue Through Tickets, of all classes, at a reduced rate of passage. The books for the OHIO on the 26th instant, 1 are now open, and tickets through can be obtained at Lite following prices : PROM WW YORK TO CHAGRES. State-room berth .... $lfP Standee berth, forward saloon . . 80 Steerage berth, found bed and separate table. 50 j FROM PANAMA TO SAN FRANCISCO. State-room berth . . . $300 Steerage berth, found bed and board . 150 i Passage can also be secured for the intermedi- i ate ports, as follows : From New York to Charleston or Savannah? State-room, $25 , Standee, $20 ; Steerage, $10. . From New York to Huvanna?State-room, $70; Standee, $55 ; Steerage, $25. From New York to New Orleans?State-room, \ $75 ; Standee, $00 , Steerage, $25. Freight to New Orleans, 25 cents per cubic foot . for measurement goods ; other merchandize as per ' agreement. 1 Freight will also be taken to Havana in limited j quantity, at 25 cents per cubic foot, or per agreement. The consignee at Havana to attend to the ' merchandize immediately after the vessel arrives. To"secure freight or passage, apply at the office of the Company, 77 West street, corner of Warren i street, New York. Aug. 21?126 O. M. ROBERTS. FOR CALIFORNIA. I UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY?THROUGH P.1SS*1CE TO CALIFORNIA. i rpHE public will be gratified to learn that the ' 1 United States Mail Steamship Company areen- T abled to announce that their arrangements are now ; complete for sending passengers through from New York to San Francisco and back. In the first attempts of this Company to meet 1 the wants of travel to California, by providing t ships on the Pacific, in connection with their , ships from New York to Chagres, they were pre- . vailed upon, at the urgent solicitation of the great number then desirous to go out, to sell tickets for 1 through passages from Panama in advance, for their ships then going round. This was done from a desire to accommodate those w ho could ' procure passages in no other quarter, and by r which, whatever might be the detention, they t would reach San Francisco sooner (han by any ^ Dlher line. Unforeseen difficulties, and the preva- l lence of fever at Rio de Janeiro at the time, prevented their ships from reaching Panama as soon a is anticipated, and caused detention at the lath- a ruts, which was increased by the impatience of j passengers in going forward, against the advice if the Company, at an earlier day than the ship ( lould possibly reucli Panama. t These interruptions are now all removed, rhree of the four ships of the Company, intended for the Pacific service, have arrived at Panama, md several of them have performed trips to San t h'rancisco and back. Sn that the Company are n aow able to give the public the assurance tlml the voyage through from .New York to San Fran- J lisco, will be performed with nguLrity and des- ' patch. f Their Pacific Line, front Panama to San Fran- (] :jsco, consists of the REPUBLIC, Cant. Hudson. j ITHMUS, Capt. Hitchcock. COLUMBUS, Capt. Peck. A VTLM at)i: f.,ari/i rr Ail A CiLiV'i 1^, vaju. jr11 ni.r.i. Tlieir Atlantic and Gulf Line, from New lork h o Chngres, of the q GEORGIA, Cant. Tortkr, U. S. N. r OHIO, Capt. Schknck, U. S. N. v FALCON, Capt. IIartstkiv, U. S. N. The connection between the two lines will be . arefullly and regularly kept up, ho that no delay 1 >eyond the uauul stay of the ship in port at Pana- C na, will ariae. The large size, well known speed, and superior . iccommodation? of their New York and Chagres 1 Line, and the speed and ar.cnirmiodntione of the < hips of their Pacific Line, offer the moat certain, j rapid, and pleasant through passage to California. , M. 0. ROBERTS, Cor. Warren and West eta., New York. 1 Aug. IS?lm < TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO. SPEECH OF HON. J. H. SAVAGE,! of tennebsfce, in the house or representative#, Friday, August 9, 1850. )n the President'a M rRiiige of August 6, 1850 concerning Texas and New Mexico. The House being in Committee of the Whole ?n the state of the Union, on the Civil and Diplonntic Appropriation Bill? Mr. SAVAGE said: Mr. Chairman : 1 will say a word in re>ly to what has been said by the gentleman Mr. Mann,] to whom I yielded the floor or explanation. I have seen a similar Irama to this acted in the other end of the Capitol, where sentiments, distinctly and dearly avowed, and heralded by the press to every village in the Union, have been deiberately and publicly denied. Some weak tK-irsons have been deceived by this bold efrontery into the belief that such sentimen s eally never had been uttered. Sir, if the expression of these sentiments ias fixed in my mind an opinion not altogether favorable to their authors, these subsequent reckless denials will surely have no tendency to remove it. The gentleman (Mr. Mann) has denied what 1 supposed every lerson who heard him, friend or foe, will be eady to prove. Look to the re- :rd, and it s within the memory and recolle< tion of nanv, that he went further than is printed in but i will rvinnilnn nil tbfit von. i nr, (Mr. Mann) shall be tried by "the ecord," and I now read your own words in four own speech : " Better disunion ; better iivil or servile war; better any thing that jrod in his providence shall send, than an ixtension of the bounds of slavery." You 1 anguage is full, positive and explicit, and ;xcludes all argument or inference. You nade no exception at the time when you utered these words, and you have no right to :ontradict persons by making exceptions low. We have a right to assume that you >ay what you mean and mean what vou say, ilthough we may suspicion that this rule iften misrepresents you. Sir, 1 understand you as being ready to call upon your county every calamity in the catalogue of national misfortunes, rather than slavery should in iny degree be extended. You can deny it f you will, your words will be against you Mr. Chairman, when I attempted to get the floor on yesterday, it was not my object that my remarks should detain the House but a few moments : 1 wished merely to express my dissent from the doctrines of the message, and to point briefly to the reasons jpon which that dissent was grounded. I lave gaTned by the award of the floor to the more experienced member from Georgia, (Mr. Stephens,) who has so ably exposed its dangerous doctrines. He has shown, ?rUr?f 1 olmiild Ku \ra n x'nnw i n t V.UOV* , - 1 the course proposed is ribt o.ily a plain violation of our laws and statut s, but of eve y principle and analogy of free and en'ightened jurisprudence?a course of proposed usurpation, beginning in folly, to end in blood. Sir, we read the laws, civil and ecclesiastical, natural and revealed; we regard the philosophy of the sages, and the wisdom ol departed statesmen: they pll tell us that arms is the last resort. The sword is even, with despotism itself, the " ultima ratio re gumbut this message presents it as the lirst argument of an American President; and if war shall follow from the position assumed by the Executive, it will be the war of the President, unconstitutionally begun, not against a foreign foe, but against a sovBieign State of this Union, whose rights he las solemnly sworn to protect. Sir, I have examined this document as tvell as I have been able, and it appears to ne not only revolutionary in its tendencies, 1 ? J* - 1 1 C _ I! _ L out so strangely conirauicmry unu tooiisii id its statements, that the mind is perpetually forred npon the painful conclusion that it was deliberately intended to deceive, or was written by one so prejudiced as to be incapable of understanding and discussing the subject fairly. In proof of this assertion, I read from the accompanying letter, in reply to Gov. Bell, these words: Statu quo. " The object of the Executive Government has been, as I believe, and as I am iuthorized to say it certainly now is, to se:ure the peace of the country; to maintain, is far as practicable, the state of things as t existed at the date of the treaty; and to jphold and preserve the rights of the respecive parties as tl.ey were under the solemn guarantee of the treaty, until the highly ineresting question of boundary should be inally settled by competent authority." Here is asserted, in plain language, the rroposition which is assumed throughout the message, that it is the duty of th 1 President o maintain the territories in the position in vhich he found them. In other words, that lis duty is neutrality, .esisting each alike? liding neither the one nor the other party; nd if this course had really been pursued, I magine we would have heard here to day no omplaint; but we find in this same letter, hese words: Military Interferenc " Hul Mi-Cnll is therein instructed th-?t if he people of New Mexico, for whom Congress has provided n > government, should nanifest a wish to take any steps to estaltisli a government for themselves, and apply or admission into the Union, it would be his i iutv, and the dutv of others with whom he vas associated, not to thwart, but to advance i heir wishes." i ### " The military officer in command, and I is associates, were American citizens, ac[uainted with the forms of civil and popular' i foceedings, and it was expected that they i could aid the inhabitants of the territory, by heir advice and assistance, in their proceed- ; ngs for establishing a government of their ] iwn." Here is a clear violation of the neutrality isserted by the President, and a lawless and langerous employment ot tho military forces. \rmed men are commanded to advance the wishes, and " aid" the inhabitants in the esablishment ofil a government." To carry 11 >tt the President's own doctrine of maintain-' ing the territories in the condition in which he found them, he should have been as ready to draw the sword against New Mexico, as against Texas. But no, sir, this is not done or proposed to be done. The sword is to put down the government of Texas, and the aid 1 and advice of the army is ordered to establish the government of New Mexico. If 1 the President can order soldiers to aid and 1 advise, he can command them to force. ' Again : we have the President saying in I his letter to Gov. Bell: I " Whatever might be his judgment in < regard to their respective rights, he has no 1 power to decide upon them, or even to negotiate in regard to them; and therefore it 1 would be improper for him to express any opinion." , Yet in his message we find the following wo'.ds: " In the letter to the Governor of Texas, my reasons are given for believing that New Mexico is now a Territory of the United States, with the same extent and the same boundaries which belonged to it while in the actual possession of the Republic of Mexico." Here is an opinion expressed in defiance of the rule laid down as the rule ot his duty, and a long argument follows to sustain the assertion that the title is in New Mexico. If any can understand or reconcile these "onflirtinir nrnnnsitinns. let them do so. ^ r? t i?r 7 i ? ? They constitute a wisdom too profound for my comprehension. I agree that he has no right to decide these questions. I agree that it is not his duty to force upon us his opinions. His only duty is, to preserve and protect the territories put into his keeping; and any change in their civil government, effected at his instance or by his agency, whether by arms or other aid and advice, is a revolution effected by the usurpation of the Executive. Again; the message ingenuously argues to the country, that the United States took possession of New Mexico by a claim of conquest, and not in the prosecution of the. claim of Texas Nothing is more untrue than this insinuation. It is true that General Kearney proclaimed it a territory of the United States, and assumed the power ot organizing a territorial government over it; and this, instead of proving that he considered it a conquest, proves directly the reverse. He considered it a part of the territory of Texas, which, by the articles of annexation, we had agreed should be the territory of the United States; and in accordance with these stipulations, General Kearney, in his proclamation, so declared it. It is not to be supposed that he did not know that it was not within the power of the President and his nrmy to seize upon a foreign territory as a conquest, and proclaim it a territory of the Union. Mr. Polk disapproved General Kearney's effort to est: blisn a territorial government, knowing that the Executive had no such j power. And if the present Executive knew j as much, he would know rnis much more, that having no power to establish a territorial government himself, it is a wrong and a usurpation to use his influence or the army to cause others to do what he dare not do himself. Sir, this struggle for the possession of the Territory o( New Mexico between Texas and the United States, is such a one as often occurs between individuals in private life, and in such a struggle any individual occupying the position of this Administration would be denounced by everyT honest man as dealing fraudulently with by his neighbor. In every conflict of rights, possession is an important consideration, and prima facie evidence of title. Can the Executive dare say that he has acted fairly and with equal justice, confessing, as he does, that his aid and advice has been given to put one party in possession to the exclusion of the opponent. But this opponent is a mere man of straw, the agent and tool of the rival opponent, the United States, who endeavors, through this Administration, to transfer the possession, by collusion, to the peons of New Mexico, who are to hold for the benefit of the United States, and in hostility to the title of Texas. Every man knows that it is the law,that a person once having taken possession under a party, is estopped from disputing the title of his landlord; and we often find the cunning man who is concluded by this estoppel, giving the possession to i some worthless tenant, and through him endeavoring to defeat the title that he ought to have protected. The law pronounces all such practices fraudulent among private citizens, and I know no lulc that exempts Presidents and Cabir.ets from equal censure. If this language is harsh it is not that I desire it to be so. I speak as I should upon a similar transaction in a ccurt of justice. 1 consider that Texas has a cood title to every foot of land she claims, and we liavc recognized it too often and in too many ditfeient modes to set up any direct opposition to her now. Nor does it comport with my notions of good faith to transfer, by fraud and collusion, the possession to a I ostile party, whose holding would in;irc to the benefit of the United States. Our possession is the possession of Texas within her limits, and to her we should yield it. When we recognized the indepedence of Texas, her boundaries were then as she now c'aims th. m. Of this the United States had due notice, and are now estopped from denying them. A party in posses ion is presumed t<> hold under his written title, and to rlaim to the extent of his boundary. We treated with Texas as an equal?annexed her without exception?recognized her territory north and south of 36 degrees 30 minutes, and pledged our f ith for its future admission into the Union. We meant the territory of New Mexico, now in dispute?at anv rale, no court of law or equity would ah low the allegation that we did not mean it; we guaranteed to Texas the admission of all her territory, having at the time due notice of her boundaries. But the President alleres that we have entered into a treaty with Mexico which compels him to light up the fires of civil war, in order to prevent Mexican peons from falling under the Government oj Texas. I h*re endeavored to show that these peons were upon the soil of Texas. But wherever they may be, the following admission, extracted from the message, shows that the Executive authority has no power to determine their locality. " The Executive Government of the United States has no power or authority to determine what was the true line of boundary between Mexico and the United States before the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; nor has it any such power now since the question has become a question between the State d Texas and the Uuited States." What will future ages think of the wisdom of that statesman who solemnly resolves to spread over this happy country the flames of civil war, to carry out his opinion upon a question of which he has no jurisdiction? This same treaty, whose transcendent obligation has caused this astute Executive to buckle on his armor for the protection of these Mexicans, declares that they are to be incorporated into the United States, and admitted at the proper time, to be judged of by Congress. Congress has refused to admit them?Congress has refused to establish governments for them?Congress has left them under a military covernment. Congress ad . / o ^ n judged that at the proper time for their incorporation and admission had not arrived.? Out the President determines that the time has arrived, and employs the aid and advice of the army to accelerate their admission, by the formation of State Governments?the identical things which Congress had refused to do. Sir, the army has been used, and now and then an occasional Congressman, not to nreserve, but to change the statu quo of the teriitories, at the will of the Executive, and we have been nBked by messages to accept them. They are not the work of our own hands, but the fruits of Executive usurpation. Sir, if the Executive had confined its action to its proper duties, by maintaining its military positions, holding the Indians in subjection, and had not degraded that gallant soldiery by converting them into a corps of partisan politicians?if the people h:.d settled these questions of their own accord, these threats might come with a better grace from the White. House. I intended to confine my remarks entirely to the doctrines of this message, and to show that the policy of the Executive, as it has heretofore existed ar..1 is now proposed to be continued, is founded in wr. ng, and ought not to meet our appro /al. I hold that Texas has a good right to ad the lands she claims; at all events, her title has been so often recognized by lis, that we are estopped from denying it, and setting up a conflicting title. In the consideration of th< se grave questions, the Executive has come to our aid, and pointed us to the sword as his argument, and we are asked to adjudicate the matter while draw n weapons are brandished over'A*.? Such a course can never lead to a settlement; not only will it fail in this, but if carried out will produce consequences that the President and his friends, and every friend of the glory and peace of this country will regret forever. Sir, I trust I am not more fearful than other men. If danger comes I expect to be as ready to meet it as I am now anxious to avoid it. I pray to God that I may never again witness the wild work of human destruction, called "glorious war." I hope that eternal peace may bless the world. With me? " The drying up a single tear hath more Of honest fame than shedding seas of gore." I deprecate war as a great calamity, but not the greatest that may befall a people; for when eompared to a base sacrifice of honor and important rights through cowardice and imbecility, I regard as a misfortune incalcualably insignificant. But lam astonished that the sword should be readily drawn by the tjnant of the White House, a man who doubtless but a short time since, in conjunction with the majority of his party denounced in thi m:st bitter language, all those citizens who sustained the flag and counsels of this country in the late war with Mexico. This course then seemed s. nge to me ; and nothing but the re : 11 of n kless partisan feelings, whose dictates e\ r are " to rule or rilin "llllt In c m>wl. cl mnror nr\\*r t/\ ?n/l n man occupying th highest office in this country, proposing to light up the fires of civil war by a crusade against one of the sovereign States of this Union, in behalf of the fancied rights of a few Mexican residents, whose locality he dares not define. If this contest shall arise, it will be the wrong of the President. No choice will be left me; I shall stand for the right. But, sir, we want no war; we want a settlement, honest, just, and fair, and such I hope we shall get without the aid of the sword of the Executive. But for the remarks the gentlemen who have preceded me [Messrs. Brown and Stephens,] I should have thought it no part of my duty to allude to the great question of slavery, now agitating this country fiom centre to circumference, and threatening a destiny so dark and disast.ous. Sir, I have read somewhere of a fabled magnet far in the deep blue sea, whose fatal influence withdrew the nails from every vessel thr.t came within its sphere, leaving the proud ship and its prouder masters an inglorious wreck amid the solitudes ofthe ocean. Who cannot see that while this question is unsettled, each hour will be extracted, those fastenings that bind this glorious confederacy together, until our proud ship is left a shattered broken disunited thing, to sink beneath the surge of time, as others that have gone before, with no voice to record our memory but that which proclaims our folly ? To settle this matter satisfactorily to my peop'e, it is not necessary to talk about concession, conciliation, or compromise; give us justice, and we will live with you contented forever. It will be of little avail in the settlement of this question for men whose business through life has been to lead, in distracting the country by party agitation, to be now shoutin^ concession, conciliation, and compromise ; let us act sensibly do justice, and all will be well. It is not necessary to talk about the sword, or for the President to clothe himself in armor. Such allusions are wrong; no matter when or by w^orn made, they have nothing in them of I U?L-. I, 111 MM mumLV " Tbm Soutbhro Pinnn,"?Trt-wnnkly, published on Toeedaye, Thursday* nod Suturdaroof unit week. " The Southern PreM,"?Weekly, * la published every Saturday. " " ' jA Al)VERTISi*<J RATES. r for one square of 10 linen, three insertions, f 1 W? > " every subsequent insertion, tfb Liberal deductions made on yearly advertising, r.^ Individuals may forward the amount of their subscriptions at our risk. Address, (post-paid) i ELLWOOD FISHER, Washington City. concession, conciliation or comproinisa; > they light up the fire of indignation and resentment. ' >' It is not necessary that I should say what* course th-J South will pursue, when all she. holds dear is disregarded by the strong arm of oppression. 1 suppose, like other nations, who have lived before us, when wc leel the tyrant'j chains gathering around us, and all hopes of peaceful remedies are gone, thatshe will nursue the nsnnl rnnr?? /* ' r ? action. But I want no such thing?I hope for no such thing?I will fight for ewry othef destiny, but if it comes, I am with the oppressed and against the oppressor. .r Sir, 1 recur again to the doctrine of the gentleman from Massachusetts, (Mrj Mann,) and such is the doctrine of every* man who supports the Wilmot Proviso.7 This gentleman is ready to dissolve th'^ Union rather than permit the people of th^ South to carry iheir pioperty into the comr mon territories. i This class of politicians have adopted a military phrase, and speak of throwing a cordon of freemen around the Southern States, to stop their further progress, and by thus confining the slaves to narrow limits, make them a curse to the people, and in tliiy way force their emancipation. If such a policy had been proclaimed by any foreign power, one universal and spontaneous declaration of war would have come up from all parts of the country; and have we not a right to demand from Northern friends the same justice and courtesy that we are entitled to from strangers ? r Suppose, for illustration, that instead of the struggle between communities in a matter of politics, this was a conlbct of arms between two hostile armies, one encampment covering the Northern, and the other the Southern portion of the continent. Tbp Northern General says to his Southern opr ponent: A truce?peace to you. I have examined your position; I have no power to storm it. There are constitutional barriers in the way?lear not, I never will attack it'. What I design is merely to draw a lipe. around you?a wall and parapet to confiae you in your present position, unt'.l you and all your army shall sicken and die by pestilence and famine, or be made glad to surrender at discretion. Suppose that England should say to the United States: We love you much; we intend to protect you in all your legal rights within your own territories; but the world which is free to me shall not be free to you. I will draw a cordon of bi.ttleships around you. Your institutions, commerce, and arts shall expand no more. I will confine you to your present position until you shall surrender the doctrine of republics, and subscribe to the divine right of kings. Neither of these propositions would be more insulting, unjust, or unreasonable, than the Wilmot Proviso, as attempted to be enforced against the rights of the South. I Sir, this attempt to put chains upon slavery; u to lead captivity captive;" to hedge around and put in prison fifteen States of this Union, with slaves for compani-ns, whenever it may be tried, will cause a voice to come up from tha* region which will shout the eternal anthem of freedom. But 1 want no such issue. I love the people of the North. I have always felt that I would peril all that is dear to my native State to protect from lawless violence Massachusetts' humblest citizen, or most barren rock. Those of them who know me, know that I do. I have never imagined, nor can I now imagine how I could live out of the Union. I have, ever hoped that our ship of State, self-poised upon the billows, would gather the tempests in her sails, and fly with lightning speed |o the haven of transcendant national glory, amid the plaudits of an admiring world. And for this I shall still be ready to mai>e every sacrifice, except my honor and my right to be free and equal on every foot pf land benenth the <l stars and stripes.1' ' Royal Mail Steam Packkts.?on the 2d inst., as stated in a Havana paper, the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company commenced the new routine of service. The Mobile Tribune since received from the company a printed schedule, giving all the routes of these steamers. St. Thomns is the centre of the new operations, whence steamers will radiate in all directions. The first Atlantic and Cnagret Route.?From Southampton to SL 'Thomas, Santa Martha, CartlrngeiiR, Chngres and Greytown, and back twice a month. The trips froin Southampton and back ' are to be performed in twenty-three days asd twenty-three hours. Jamaica and' Mexican Route.?From St. Thomas to l'orto Rico, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, and Tumpico, and back once a month. Jamaica and Havana Route.?From St. Thomas to Porto Rico, Jacinel, Jamaica, Havana and Honduras, and back once a month. Barltadne* and Demerara Route.?From St. Thomas to St. Kitts, Nevis, Monfserrat, Antigua, Guadaloupe, Dominica, Murthiniquc, St. Iatcia, Ilarbadoes and Demerara. and back twice a month. Trinidad Route.?From Burbadoes to St. Vincent, Curacao, Grenada, Trinadad and Tobago, and back twice a month. One of tho vessels of the company will nlso ir.ake a trip once a month from St. Thomas to Nassau and buck. These vessels, it will be seen, are not again to call at Mobile Point, nor at any other American port on the Gulf. From the Annapolis (Md) Republican. i' acts on which every man may make his own comments.?-Five negroes who had runaway from this State were Inst week captured in Pennsylvania nnd brought back to Baltimore. When taken they were found to be " armed roilh Revolvers and knives.'1 On the night of the 8th. W. L. Chaplain, a Preacher, and Editor of the Portfolio, an Abolition paper published at Albany, N. Y. was detected in carrying off two slaves from Waihington, D. C. lie was carried back to the city and committed to prison. All three wcrenrnied wjth Revolvers, which were freely used against the officers who secured thorn. Who furnished the Negroes with Revolvers? In July 1849, there was a meeting of Abolitionists at Syracuse, New York. At that meeting the following resolution, which wo think is a full answer to the preceding question, was adopted " Resolved, That instead of sending Bibles among the slaves, we had infinitely better adopt the suggestions of the memorable Liberty Party's Address to the slaves, sod supply them with Pistols!" Chaplin wiU by tried in this State,