The southern press., August 23, 1850, Image 1

About The southern press. (Washington [D.C.) 1850-1852

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WTU ?T j
BHir?d Fliher * Hdvin De Leon.
TERMS.
DAILY, |10 00
TRIWEEKLY, . 5 00
WEEKLY, 2 00
Subscriptions payable in advance. Any person
procuring five suW-ribers shall receive one copy
gratia. All letters to tbe Editors to he fot>t-paiu.
Office, Pennsylvania Avenue south aide, between
3d aod 44 streets.
8 O U T HER N C E N TRAL
AGRICULTURAL AStOt'lATIONi
rnHE Fif.h Annual Fair of the Southern Cent,
L ral Agricultural Association, will beheld
during the week embracing Wedne-diy, the 1 Uh
day of August next, which is the day of the fifth
annual meeting at Atlanta Georgia.
Tne Committee charged with he duty of pre cribing
such gene a' ru es ?-> they may deem necessary
to a proper management 01 the approaching
Fair, have ad >pt?d the following
General Regulations.
1st The Fair Grounds and Buildings will be
opened for visitors on Monday morning, and continue
opin until Friday evening. It is therefore desirable
that all persoii'hav ng articles for exhibition,
shall be on lb 1 ground a-. ear y a* Friday or
Saturday the "llh and llli'i A<nrusl wh -n a C.nn.
I
THE SOUTHERN PRESS.
DAILY.,
JtVol.
1. Washington, Friday, August 'ill, 1850. Mo. 58.
mit'ee will be there ready to rec ive them.
21. The Association has an ample fund, and will,
in all cases, b rnome responsible for the safe-keeping
o< articles which may be placed in the hands of ii?
t flicers and committees, (the owner taking a check
for the same,) until the close of the Fair, which
will bo announced beforehand, in aiup'e time to |
give them op;.ortunty to recover their goods, and
to prevent thereby the- leaving of any goods or
articles unprotected after the adjournment of the
Association.
3d. Mark A. Cooper, Richard Peters, David W.
Lewis, Wm. Ezzard. an l James M- Calhoun, are
appointed acommitlee whose duty it shall be to see
that all articles entering the fair grounds for exhib
itioi, fdia I have fir9lbsen enlercdin the S .cretary's
book or registry?then labelled w th the owner'snimc
and reside ice?and price, if for sale?giving
to the owner a corresponding card?and then classified
and arranged by departments, and in such order
as to facilitate the labors of the several committees
on premiums; and also to employ such police and
doorkeepers and clerks, as shall be necessary for
the protection of the grounds and buildings, and
such clerks as they may need in the arrangement
and libelling of articles.
4th. There will positively be required, in all
r.ttQKi a miniitA arwl nr.AirafA written
illustrating and explaining every article i-cnt for
exhibit'on?;he statement to be delivered to the
Secretary. For instance, if a Machine, a statement
of is powers and uses, cost, time of invention, and
any other fact deemed valuable by the inventor or
maker. If Horticultural or Agricultural Products,
mode of preparation of land and soil, manure and
time of planting, mode ofcultivation. If an Animai,
the pedigree or stock, age, mo ie of raising, &,<*.. If
Needle-work or Painting, or any work of Art, the
length of time bestowed on it, or the amount of
labor; the ago, if by children or very old persons;
the value, uses, &c. Since this is the most reliable
mode of collecting such information as may be
worth publishing in the transactions of the Society,
visitors, patrons and members, all will take notice,
that a premium will not bo awarded to any article,
whatever its merit, unless accompanied by
illustrative and explanatory statements, made out
in legible band, and in a style tit at once fur the
press.
5th The delegations of thesorveral county Societies
arc requested and enjoined to mako out, upon
consulation, a report of the present condition of
Agriculture in their several counties, of the improvements
in farming, tillage, draining and manuring,
which have been or are in progress of being
adopted. The leading products of their counties,
the modesof preparation, time of planting and mode
ofcultivation. The means and measures of preserving
and increasing the fertility of lands. Accurate
Agricultural memoirs from the scrvcral county
societies would mako up an amount of valuable
information to he sent out in the published transactions
of the Society.
6th. It is desirable to make the Fair a Central
Southern Agricultural and Manufacturers Exchange
We request individuals who have a surplus of
choice articles, or who make them for sale ?such
as choice seeds, machines, stock, &c ?to carry
them there for sale, and not alone for exhibition for
a premium.
7th. Premiums.?It is impossible to name in a notice
like t lis all, the various articles to wh eh premiums
wdl be granted. However comprehensive
we might make any enumerated list there would
.ciik. ...... ..n.i.i ?ir i ...u.i. .....is
sun uc iijuiij diiiuita ui uitiu uuciru ? ii en wuuiu
not b-? embraced in it, and jet richly deserving
p-emiums. lest therefore the announcement of pre
miums for particular articles might be co istrued by
some into an exclusion of all articles unannounced,
the Committee requests the people generally to
observe, t hat it is intended to give the action of
the Association the very widest scope, embracing
every thing that is ingenious or useful in business
or art All then, with whatever they have for sale
or exhiaition, are invited to come. The only
regulation fun her necessary on this point perhaps
is, that, on all articles of the highest merit in the
department of Stock, Mechanics, Agricultural Implements,
and valuable improvements or inventions
in any of the departments, a premium of a cup
worth $ It) will be given ; on the second best articles
a cup worth $5 will be given, on the third best
$ 2. 50 ; on the fourth an honor. And 011 all arii
ck'S of the highest merit in the remaining depart
ments a cup worth $5 will be given ;on the second
best ? 2. 5U; on the third an honor; on ihe fourth,
2d honor. On miner and tnisc llaneous articles,
premiums from one to three dollars?the-e however,are
general regulations, and in particular case
or cases ol peculiar merit the committees w.ll be
pe-mitted, indeed are requested, to vary the rule.
8th. A hill will be prepared and assigned paricularly
to the Ladies for their garden products,
fruits, flowers paintings, needle-work, &c. They
are cordially invited to attend. Their assistance
in many departments of the fair is absolutely necessary
to a proper management.
9th. The facilities of g-tting to this central
point induce us to invite, and to expect the pre 1
scnce and contributions of many of our fellow j
citizens r.f Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee and Florida.
VVc hope thev wll unite with us in making
this institution indeed, what itis in name, a Southern !
Central Agricultural Association.
lOdt. Toe President upon a consultation with J
such members as he can call to his aid, shall appoint
committees and assign to them their respective de- :
pdriments, and to these committees so appoiuted
the committee of reception shall furnish lists of the
articles classed anJ arranged in their respective
departments. In order to the perfection of this t
arrangement, the committee appointed to publish 1
these regulations, will h-re repea% and enjoin 1
upon all to take notice that articles for exhibition J
may be received and arranged on Friday and Saturday
the 9th and 10th of August, so that when
the President shall appoint his committees on ;
Monday morning, the committee of reception may ,
have their lists of articles, and the several com- <
mittees proceed at once to the examination of arti- (
cles, and thereby have ample time to make their
reports to the annual meeting on Wednesday.
Thursday will be devoted to sales?Friday to gen- (
eral re-delivery of articles. The exhibition con
unuing me wnoie nine.
1 ]tli. Any alterations of, or additions to, the
foregoing rules, will be published at Atlanta early j
Monday morning of the Fair week.
12th. The annual oration will be made on
Wednesday, the day of the Anniversary meeting,
immediately preceding the reports of committees, j
by Col. John Billups, of Athens, Georgia.
13th. The Committee have the prospect of ,
making arrangements with the Macon, State and i
Georgia Railroads, to run accommodation cars
early every morning and late in the afternoon, to
Griffin, Marietta, Stone Mountain, and Decatur,
to give visitors the opportunity of the accommodations
of the good Hotels at those places while in
attendance upon the Fair.
14th. The citizens of Atlanta have provided
comfortable quarters for Committees and Officers,
and others engaged in the laborious business ofi
the fair.
15th. The Secretary is directed to publish
these regulations in the Cultivator, and to pro-'
cure as far as practicable their publication in tho j
wckly papers of this and the anjoining Slate*. ;
By order of the Committee of Arrangements.
DAVID W. LEWIS,
Sec'y Southern Central Agricultural Association.
Sparta, 25th June, 1850.
MATHEWES & ROPER,
Factors and Commission Merchants, f r Cotton,
Rice, Bagging small country Produce, Vaadsrhorst'l
Wnarfj Charleston, 5. C.
MECHANICAL ARTS & SCIENCES <
i
D. APPLETON & CO., NEW YORK,
HAVE IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION, IN PARTS, PRICK
TWENTT-P1VE CENTS EACH,
Dictiouay of Maohinev, Mechanics, j
Engine-Wolc, and Engineering.
Designedfor Practical Working-Men, and those
intended for the Engineering Profession.
Edited by Outer Btrnk, formerly Professor qj
Mathematics, College of Civil Engineern, London ;
Author and Inventor of144 The Calculus if Form,"
"The JVW and Improved System qf Logarithms," i
iiThe Elements of Euclidby Colors," etc., etc.,etc. j
THIS work i- of large 8*o. size, containing nearly !
tteo thousand pages, upwards of fifteen hundred j
plates, and six thousand wood cuts. It will present
working-drawings and descriptions of the most important
machines in the United States Indepen
dently of the results of American ingenuity, it will
contain complete practical treatises on Mechan ca,
Machinery, Engine-work, and Engineering; witn
all that is useful in more than one thousand dollars'
worth of folio volume^ magazines, and other i
books, among which may be mentioned the following
:
1. Bibliotheque des Arts Industriels. (Masson,
Paris.)
2- Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal.
(London.)
3. Engineer and Machinists Assistant. (Blackic,
Glasgow.)
4. Publication Industrielle. (Armengaud Aine,
Paris.)
5. Jamieson's Mechanics of Fluids.
6. Treatise on Mechanics. (Poisson.)
7. Allgemine Bauzeilung mit Abliildungen.
(Korster, Wien.)
8 Organ fur die Fortschritte des Eisenhabnwe- :
sens in technisrher Beziehung. (Von Wal
degg. Wiesbaden.) ,
G. Sherwin's Logarithims.
it). Byrne's Logarithms. ,
11. The Mechanical and Mathematical Works of ,
Oliver Byrne.
12. Silliman s Journal. ,
It A Ir.Tix. in?. Miii>>hini>n.1^nrvi<lnmi1ill. ^ IT111S- <
?r V
se, Leipzig. i
14. Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain and
America contrasted.
15. Holtzapffels' Turning and Mechanical Manip
pulation.
1G. The Steam Engine. (J. Bourne.)
17. Eisenbahn-Zeitung. (Stuttgart.)
18. Tregold on the Steam-Engine.
1!). PiIte's Mathematical and Optical Instruments.
HO. Dictionnaire des Aits et Manufactures. (Laboulaye,
Paris.
21. Sganztn's C.vil Engineering.
22. Brown's Indicator and Dynaonmetcr.
23. Origin and Progress of Steam Navigation.
(Woodcrofl.)
21. Essai sur ('Industrie des Malieres Textiles
(Michel Alcan, Paris.)
25. Macneill's Tables.
2G. Griers' Mechanic's Pocket Dictionary.
27. Tcmplelon's Millwright's and Engineer's
Pocket Companion.
28. Lady's and Gentlemen's Diary.
20. Marine Steam Engine. (Brown.)
30. Weisbach's Mechanics and Engineering.
31. The Mathematician. (London.)
32. Barlow on Strength of Materials.
33. Hann's Mechanics.
34. Mechanical Principles of Engineering and
Architecture. (Motley.)
35. Journal of the Franklin Institute.
3G. The Transactions of the Institute of Civil
Engineers. (London.)
37. The Artisan.
oJ /P..K.
03. v^uai IU IJ IU^X-ID vu ui/lished
by Weale, London.)
39. Imperial Dictionary. (Glasgow.)
40. Student's Guide to the Locomotive Engine.
41. Railway Engine and Carriage Wheels. (Barlow,
London,)
42. Recueil des Machines Instrumens et Appareil.
(Le Blanc, Paris.)
43. Buchanan on Mill Work.
44. Practical Examples of Modern Tools and Machines.
(G. Rennie.)
45. Repertoire del'Industrie Franquaisc et Elrangere.
(L. Mathias, Paris.)
46. Treatise on the Manufacture of Gas. (Accorn,
London.)
47. Setting out Curves on Railways. (Law,
London.)
48. Hodge on the Steam-Engine
49. Scientific Ameiican.
50. Railroad Journal. (New York )
51. American Artisan.
52. Mechanic's Magazine.
53. Nicholson's (Peter) Dictionary of Architee
lure.
54. Dictionaire de Marine a Voiles et a Vapcur,
(De Bonnefoux, Paris.)
55. Conway and Menai Tubuler Bridges (Fairbarn.)
56. Brees' Railway Practice.
57. Ilnrlow's Mathematical Dictionary.
58. Bowditch's Navigation.
59. Gregory's Mathematics for Practical Men.
60. Engineers' and Mechanics' Encycl pedia.
(Luke Herbert.)
61. Patent Journal ; London.
62. Bree's G ossary of Engineering.
63. Encyclopedia of Civil Engineering. Crasy.
64. Craddoclt's Lectures on the Steam-Engine.
65. Assistant Eneincer's Railway Guide. (Has
koll.)
6G. Mechanical Principia. (Leonard.)
The great object of this publication is, to place j
before practical men and students such an amount
of theoretical and scientific knowledge, in a condensed
form, as shall enable them to work to the
best advantage, and to avoid those mistakes which
hey might otherwise commit The amount of
useful information thus brought together, is almost i
beyond a precedent in such works. Indeed there is
hardly any subject within its range which is not
treated with such clearness and precision, that even
a man of the most ordinary capacity cannot fail of
understanding, and thus learning from it much i
which it is importrnt for him to know. i
From the annexed list of the principal authors
and subject comprised in this work it is self-evident,
that all citizens engaged in the practical and
useful arts, etc., may derive 'essential advantages
from the po-sessiou and study of this publication,
l'he following miy be especially designated :
Millwrights.
Moulder and Boiler Makers. ,
Artificers in Brass, Copper, and Tin. |
Sutlers, and Workers ol Steel in general,
ilarpenters. i
Brickmakers. i
Workers in Ivory, Bone, and Horn. I
oivil Engineers, Railway Contractors, and Con- j <
tractors for Earth-Work, and Masonry of ever} ; <
description.
Architects an I Bridge B li'ders.
Builders, Master Masons, and Bricklayers. ' |
Ship Bnilders, Masters of Vessels, Ship Carpcn- i i
ters, and others connected with Building ami 1
Docking Ship*. i i
Block and Pump Makers. j <
Hemp Drovers and Hope Makers. j <
Manufacturers of Linen nnd Cotton Fabrics. i i
Manufacturers of Spin nine; Machines, Rorinp!
Machines, Card Breakers and Finishers, Draw- [ <
ing Frames' Willows, and Pickers, etc., connect- I
cd with Cotton, Flax, and Wool Machinery.
Calendcrers, Bleachers, and Calico Printers.
Cloth Folders, and Measurers, and persons inter
ested in Sewing Machinery.
\nchorand Chain Cable Manufacturers. I f
Cutting and Turning Tool Makers.
( in and Needle Makers.
Vail and Rivet Maker*.
Bolt and Screw-Bolt Makers.
Vail Cutters.
Coiners.
Leather Dressers and Curriers.
Manufacturers of Great Guns and' Small Arms.
Dandle Makers.
Biscuit and Cracker Makers.
Lace Makers.
Ribbon Weavers.
Stone Cutlers and Marble Masons.
Dyers, Cloth Washers, and Scourers,
Coopers.
Cider and Cheese Manufacturers
Crown, Crystal, and Plate Glass Makers.
Sugar Boilers and Refiners, with Proprietors of
Sugar Plantations. J
Manufacturers of Railway, Bar, Round Ribbon,
and Rod Iron.
Whee' Axle, and Spring Makers.
Engine Drivers, and Persons connected with Ilia
Locomotive generally.
Engineers, and Captains of Steam Vessels.
Managers of Stationary Engines.
Lumber Dealers and owners of Saw Mills.
Veneer Critter s. f
Owners of Planing Machinery. r
Corn Millers, and Persona connected with Bolting
and Bran-Separating Machinery.
Fanners and Per?ons using Grain-Shelling and
Threshing Machinery. I
Buhl Workers, Carvers Engravers, and Ornament |
Makers in general. I
Persons employed in the Manufacture of Gas.
Meters of Copper and Lead Tubing.
Linen and Straw Paper Makers. '
Ship Owne-s, llarbor Masters, and others inter- <
eslMi in Dredging Machinery. I
Well Sinkers.
Astronomers, Philosophers, and others using Philosophical
Apparatus and Instruments.
Miner's Engineers, and other, interested in Pump- I
ing Engii es. I
Persons interested in Canals and Aqueduct*.
Warehousemen, and others, using Hydraulic
Presses, Dynanometric Cranes, Jack Screws, ?
Common and Feed Cranes. t
Woikcrs in Metals and Alloys. j
Tin Plate Workers. .
Spring Maeufacturers.
Wheelwrights, Clock Makers Ilorologists, &c.
The publishers have expended a large sum of |
money to get original drawings of machinery in |
practical use in this country, and have n ocured j
almost every woik on the sudject, whether pnblished
in England, France, or Germany, 11 e most 1
essential parts of which being comprised in this I
Dictionary, render it as perfect and comprehci- f
live as possible. The publishers have e 'deavored (
touse great economy in type, so that each ppgo of ^
mc woiK contains ai icasi iuur ?mra ms nu..?~w
of words found in ordinary pages of the same ize. <
This has also secured to each plate woiking-diaw- (
ugs of ample .size and clearness, to that a Kechar'c (
may construct accuiately any machine described. .
The publisheis are, in short determined, regardless
of cost, to make the work as complete as pos- <
siblc ; and it is hoped every one desirous to obtain |
the work will procure it as issued in numbers, and j
thus encourage the enterprise.
The work will be issued in semi-monthlv num- (
bers, commencing in January, 1850, and will pro- t
grass with great regularity. t
The whole work will be published in 40 numbers
at 25 cents per number, and completed within
the current year, 1850. A liberal discount will (
be made to agents.
Any one remitting the publishers $10 in advance I
shall receive tire work through the post office free i
of expense.
Notice to Proprietors of Jncxcxpnpers throughout the j
United States and Canada.
If the foregoing advertisement is inserted five j
times during the year, and the paper containing it .
sent to its, a copy of the work will be sent gratis
in payment. '
United States Mail Steamship Company, j
CI1AKGF. OF DATE OF RAILtVQ
TO MONDAY, AUGUST 26, at 3 p. m. |
From the pier foot of Warren street. The ;
UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMSHIP
OHIO,
J. F. Schenck, U. S. Nuvy, Cenimander.
f M^IIIS splendid steamship will sail ns as above,
Jl. with the Government mails for the West
Indies and California.
The arrangements for the transportation of pas- ']
sengers to San Francisco, without delay on the
Isthmus, being now completed, the Company are '
now preparing to issue Through Tickets, of all
classes, at a reduced rate of passage.
The books for the OHIO on the 26th instant, 1
are now open, and tickets through can be obtained
at Lite following prices :
PROM WW YORK TO CHAGRES.
State-room berth .... $lfP
Standee berth, forward saloon . . 80
Steerage berth, found bed and separate table. 50 j
FROM PANAMA TO SAN FRANCISCO.
State-room berth . . . $300
Steerage berth, found bed and board . 150 i
Passage can also be secured for the intermedi- i
ate ports, as follows :
From New York to Charleston or Savannah?
State-room, $25 , Standee, $20 ; Steerage, $10. .
From New York to Huvanna?State-room, $70;
Standee, $55 ; Steerage, $25.
From New York to New Orleans?State-room, \
$75 ; Standee, $00 , Steerage, $25.
Freight to New Orleans, 25 cents per cubic foot .
for measurement goods ; other merchandize as per '
agreement. 1
Freight will also be taken to Havana in limited j
quantity, at 25 cents per cubic foot, or per agreement.
The consignee at Havana to attend to the '
merchandize immediately after the vessel arrives.
To"secure freight or passage, apply at the office
of the Company, 77 West street, corner of Warren i
street, New York.
Aug. 21?126 O. M. ROBERTS.
FOR CALIFORNIA. I
UNITED STATES MAIL STEAMSHIP
COMPANY?THROUGH P.1SS*1CE TO
CALIFORNIA. i
rpHE public will be gratified to learn that the '
1 United States Mail Steamship Company areen- T
abled to announce that their arrangements are now ;
complete for sending passengers through from
New York to San Francisco and back.
In the first attempts of this Company to meet 1
the wants of travel to California, by providing t
ships on the Pacific, in connection with their ,
ships from New York to Chagres, they were pre- .
vailed upon, at the urgent solicitation of the great
number then desirous to go out, to sell tickets for 1
through passages from Panama in advance, for
their ships then going round. This was done
from a desire to accommodate those w ho could '
procure passages in no other quarter, and by r
which, whatever might be the detention, they t
would reach San Francisco sooner (han by any ^
Dlher line. Unforeseen difficulties, and the preva- l
lence of fever at Rio de Janeiro at the time, prevented
their ships from reaching Panama as soon a
is anticipated, and caused detention at the lath- a
ruts, which was increased by the impatience of j
passengers in going forward, against the advice
if the Company, at an earlier day than the ship (
lould possibly reucli Panama. t
These interruptions are now all removed,
rhree of the four ships of the Company, intended
for the Pacific service, have arrived at Panama,
md several of them have performed trips to San t
h'rancisco and back. Sn that the Company are n
aow able to give the public the assurance tlml the
voyage through from .New York to San Fran- J
lisco, will be performed with nguLrity and des- '
patch. f
Their Pacific Line, front Panama to San Fran- (]
:jsco, consists of the
REPUBLIC, Cant. Hudson. j
ITHMUS, Capt. Hitchcock.
COLUMBUS, Capt. Peck.
A VTLM at)i: f.,ari/i rr
Ail A CiLiV'i 1^, vaju. jr11 ni.r.i.
Tlieir Atlantic and Gulf Line, from New lork h
o Chngres, of the q
GEORGIA, Cant. Tortkr, U. S. N. r
OHIO, Capt. Schknck, U. S. N. v
FALCON, Capt. IIartstkiv, U. S. N.
The connection between the two lines will be .
arefullly and regularly kept up, ho that no delay 1
>eyond the uauul stay of the ship in port at Pana- C
na, will ariae.
The large size, well known speed, and superior .
iccommodation? of their New York and Chagres 1
Line, and the speed and ar.cnirmiodntione of the <
hips of their Pacific Line, offer the moat certain, j
rapid, and pleasant through passage to California. ,
M. 0. ROBERTS,
Cor. Warren and West eta., New York. 1
Aug. IS?lm <
TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO.
SPEECH OF HON. J. H. SAVAGE,!
of tennebsfce,
in the house or representative#,
Friday, August 9, 1850.
)n the President'a M rRiiige of August 6, 1850
concerning Texas and New Mexico.
The House being in Committee of the Whole
?n the state of the Union, on the Civil and Diplonntic
Appropriation Bill?
Mr. SAVAGE said:
Mr. Chairman : 1 will say a word in re>ly
to what has been said by the gentleman
Mr. Mann,] to whom I yielded the floor
or explanation. I have seen a similar
Irama to this acted in the other end of the
Capitol, where sentiments, distinctly and
dearly avowed, and heralded by the press
to every village in the Union, have been deiberately
and publicly denied. Some weak
tK-irsons have been deceived by this bold efrontery
into the belief that such sentimen s
eally never had been uttered.
Sir, if the expression of these sentiments
ias fixed in my mind an opinion not altogether
favorable to their authors, these subsequent
reckless denials will surely have no
tendency to remove it. The gentleman (Mr.
Mann) has denied what 1 supposed every
lerson who heard him, friend or foe, will be
eady to prove. Look to the re- :rd, and it
s within the memory and recolle< tion of
nanv, that he went further than is printed in
but i will rvinnilnn nil tbfit von. i
nr, (Mr. Mann) shall be tried by "the
ecord," and I now read your own words in
four own speech : " Better disunion ; better
iivil or servile war; better any thing that
jrod in his providence shall send, than an
ixtension of the bounds of slavery." You 1
anguage is full, positive and explicit, and
;xcludes all argument or inference. You
nade no exception at the time when you utered
these words, and you have no right to
:ontradict persons by making exceptions
low. We have a right to assume that you
>ay what you mean and mean what vou say,
ilthough we may suspicion that this rule
iften misrepresents you. Sir, 1 understand
you as being ready to call upon your county
every calamity in the catalogue of national
misfortunes, rather than slavery should in
iny degree be extended. You can deny it
f you will, your words will be against you
Mr. Chairman, when I attempted to get
the floor on yesterday, it was not my object
that my remarks should detain the House
but a few moments : 1 wished merely to express
my dissent from the doctrines of the
message, and to point briefly to the reasons
jpon which that dissent was grounded. I
lave gaTned by the award of the floor to the
more experienced member from Georgia,
(Mr. Stephens,) who has so ably exposed
its dangerous doctrines. He has shown,
?rUr?f 1 olmiild Ku \ra n x'nnw i n t
V.UOV* , - 1
the course proposed is ribt o.ily a plain violation
of our laws and statut s, but of eve y
principle and analogy of free and en'ightened
jurisprudence?a course of proposed usurpation,
beginning in folly, to end in blood.
Sir, we read the laws, civil and ecclesiastical,
natural and revealed; we regard the
philosophy of the sages, and the wisdom ol
departed statesmen: they pll tell us that
arms is the last resort. The sword is even,
with despotism itself, the " ultima ratio re
gumbut this message presents it as the
lirst argument of an American President;
and if war shall follow from the position assumed
by the Executive, it will be the war
of the President, unconstitutionally begun,
not against a foreign foe, but against a sovBieign
State of this Union, whose rights he
las solemnly sworn to protect.
Sir, I have examined this document as
tvell as I have been able, and it appears to
ne not only revolutionary in its tendencies,
1 ? J* - 1 1 C _ I! _ L
out so strangely conirauicmry unu tooiisii id
its statements, that the mind is perpetually
forred npon the painful conclusion that it was
deliberately intended to deceive, or was
written by one so prejudiced as to be incapable
of understanding and discussing the
subject fairly.
In proof of this assertion, I read from the
accompanying letter, in reply to Gov. Bell,
these words:
Statu quo.
" The object of the Executive Government
has been, as I believe, and as I am
iuthorized to say it certainly now is, to se:ure
the peace of the country; to maintain,
is far as practicable, the state of things as
t existed at the date of the treaty; and to
jphold and preserve the rights of the respecive
parties as tl.ey were under the solemn
guarantee of the treaty, until the highly ineresting
question of boundary should be
inally settled by competent authority."
Here is asserted, in plain language, the
rroposition which is assumed throughout the
message, that it is the duty of th 1 President
o maintain the territories in the position in
vhich he found them. In other words, that
lis duty is neutrality, .esisting each alike?
liding neither the one nor the other party;
nd if this course had really been pursued, I
magine we would have heard here to day no
omplaint; but we find in this same letter,
hese words:
Military Interferenc
" Hul Mi-Cnll is therein instructed th-?t if
he people of New Mexico, for whom Congress
has provided n > government, should
nanifest a wish to take any steps to estaltisli
a government for themselves, and apply
or admission into the Union, it would be his i
iutv, and the dutv of others with whom he
vas
associated, not to thwart, but to advance i
heir wishes." i
###
" The military officer in command, and I
is associates, were American citizens, ac[uainted
with the forms of civil and popular' i
foceedings, and it was expected that they i
could aid the inhabitants of the territory, by
heir advice and assistance, in their proceed- ;
ngs for establishing a government of their ]
iwn."
Here is a clear violation of the neutrality
isserted by the President, and a lawless and
langerous employment ot tho military forces.
\rmed men are commanded to advance the
wishes, and " aid" the inhabitants in the esablishment
ofil a government." To carry 11
>tt the President's own doctrine of maintain-'
ing the territories in the condition in which
he found them, he should have been as ready
to draw the sword against New Mexico, as
against Texas. But no, sir, this is not done
or proposed to be done. The sword is to put
down the government of Texas, and the aid 1
and advice of the army is ordered to establish
the government of New Mexico. If 1
the President can order soldiers to aid and 1
advise, he can command them to force. '
Again : we have the President saying in I
his letter to Gov. Bell: I
" Whatever might be his judgment in <
regard to their respective rights, he has no 1
power to decide upon them, or even to negotiate
in regard to them; and therefore it 1
would be improper for him to express any
opinion." ,
Yet in his message we find the following
wo'.ds:
" In the letter to the Governor of Texas,
my reasons are given for believing that
New Mexico is now a Territory of the United
States, with the same extent and the
same boundaries which belonged to it while
in the actual possession of the Republic of
Mexico."
Here is an opinion expressed in defiance
of the rule laid down as the rule ot his duty,
and a long argument follows to sustain the
assertion that the title is in New Mexico.
If any can understand or reconcile these
"onflirtinir nrnnnsitinns. let them do so.
^ r? t i?r 7 i ? ?
They constitute a wisdom too profound for
my comprehension. I agree that he has no
right to decide these questions. I agree
that it is not his duty to force upon us his
opinions. His only duty is, to preserve and
protect the territories put into his keeping;
and any change in their civil government,
effected at his instance or by his agency,
whether by arms or other aid and advice, is
a revolution effected by the usurpation of the
Executive.
Again; the message ingenuously argues
to the country, that the United States took
possession of New Mexico by a claim of
conquest, and not in the prosecution of the.
claim of Texas Nothing is more untrue
than this insinuation. It is true that General
Kearney proclaimed it a territory of the
United States, and assumed the power ot
organizing a territorial government over it;
and this, instead of proving that he considered
it a conquest, proves directly the reverse.
He considered it a part of the territory
of Texas, which, by the articles of annexation,
we had agreed should be the
territory of the United States; and in accordance
with these stipulations, General
Kearney, in his proclamation, so declared
it. It is not to be supposed that he
did not know that it was not within the
power of the President and his nrmy to
seize upon a foreign territory as a conquest,
and proclaim it a territory of the Union.
Mr. Polk disapproved General Kearney's
effort to est: blisn a territorial government,
knowing that the Executive had no such j
power. And if the present Executive knew j
as much, he would know rnis much more,
that having no power to establish a territorial
government himself, it is a wrong and a
usurpation to use his influence or the army
to cause others to do what he dare not do
himself.
Sir, this struggle for the possession of the
Territory o( New Mexico between Texas
and the United States, is such a one as often
occurs between individuals in private life,
and in such a struggle any individual occupying
the position of this Administration
would be denounced by everyT honest man
as dealing fraudulently with by his neighbor.
In every conflict of rights, possession is an
important consideration, and prima facie
evidence of title. Can the Executive dare
say that he has acted fairly and with equal
justice, confessing, as he does, that his aid
and advice has been given to put one
party in possession to the exclusion of the
opponent. But this opponent is a mere man
of straw, the agent and tool of the rival opponent,
the United States, who endeavors,
through this Administration, to transfer the
possession, by collusion, to the peons of
New Mexico, who are to hold for the benefit
of the United States, and in hostility to
the title of Texas. Every man knows that
it is the law,that a person once having taken
possession under a party, is estopped from
disputing the title of his landlord; and we
often find the cunning man who is concluded
by this estoppel, giving the possession to i
some worthless tenant, and through him endeavoring
to defeat the title that he ought to
have protected. The law pronounces all
such practices fraudulent among private
citizens, and I know no lulc that exempts
Presidents and Cabir.ets from equal censure.
If this language is harsh it is not that I desire
it to be so. I speak as I should upon a
similar transaction in a ccurt of justice.
1 consider that Texas has a cood title to
every foot of land she claims, and we liavc recognized
it too often and in too many ditfeient
modes to set up any direct opposition to her
now. Nor does it comport with my notions
of good faith to transfer, by fraud and collusion,
the possession to a I ostile party,
whose holding would in;irc to the benefit of
the United States. Our possession is the
possession of Texas within her limits, and to
her we should yield it.
When we recognized the indepedence of
Texas, her boundaries were then as she now
c'aims th. m. Of this the United States had
due notice, and are now estopped from denying
them. A party in posses ion is presumed
t<> hold under his written title, and to
rlaim to the extent of his boundary. We
treated with Texas as an equal?annexed
her without exception?recognized her territory
north and south of 36 degrees 30 minutes,
and pledged our f ith for its future admission
into the Union. We meant the territory
of New Mexico, now in dispute?at
anv rale, no court of law or equity would ah
low the allegation that we did not mean it;
we guaranteed to Texas the admission of all
her territory, having at the time due notice
of her boundaries.
But the President alleres that we have entered
into a treaty with Mexico which compels
him to light up the fires of civil war, in
order to prevent Mexican peons from falling
under the Government oj Texas. I h*re
endeavored to show that these peons were
upon the soil of Texas. But wherever they
may be, the following admission, extracted
from the message, shows that the Executive
authority has no power to determine their locality.
" The Executive Government of the United
States has no power or authority to determine
what was the true line of boundary
between Mexico and the United States before
the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; nor
has it any such power now since the question
has become a question between the State
d Texas and the Uuited States."
What will future ages think of the wisdom
of that statesman who solemnly resolves
to spread over this happy country the flames
of civil war, to carry out his opinion upon a
question of which he has no jurisdiction?
This same treaty, whose transcendent obligation
has caused this astute Executive to
buckle on his armor for the protection of these
Mexicans, declares that they are to be incorporated
into the United States, and admitted
at the proper time, to be judged of by
Congress. Congress has refused to admit
them?Congress has refused to establish governments
for them?Congress has left them
under a military covernment. Congress ad
. / o ^ n
judged that at the proper time for their incorporation
and admission had not arrived.?
Out the President determines that the time
has arrived, and employs the aid and advice
of the army to accelerate their admission, by
the formation of State Governments?the
identical things which Congress had refused
to do. Sir, the army has been used, and
now and then an occasional Congressman,
not to nreserve, but to change the statu quo
of the teriitories, at the will of the Executive,
and we have been nBked by messages
to accept them. They are not the work of
our own hands, but the fruits of Executive
usurpation. Sir, if the Executive had confined
its action to its proper duties, by maintaining
its military positions, holding the Indians
in subjection, and had not degraded
that gallant soldiery by converting them into
a corps of partisan politicians?if the people
h:.d settled these questions of their own accord,
these threats might come with a better
grace from the White. House.
I intended to confine my remarks entirely
to the doctrines of this message, and to show
that the policy of the Executive, as it has
heretofore existed ar..1 is now proposed to be
continued, is founded in wr. ng, and ought
not to meet our appro /al. I hold that Texas
has a good right to ad the lands she claims;
at all events, her title has been so often recognized
by lis, that we are estopped from denying
it, and setting up a conflicting title.
In the consideration of th< se grave questions,
the Executive has come to our aid, and
pointed us to the sword as his argument, and
we are asked to adjudicate the matter while
draw n weapons are brandished over'A*.?
Such a course can never lead to a settlement;
not only will it fail in this, but if carried out
will produce consequences that the President
and his friends, and every friend of the glory
and peace of this country will regret forever.
Sir, I trust I am not more fearful than
other men. If danger comes I expect to be
as ready to meet it as I am now anxious to
avoid it. I pray to God that I may never
again witness the wild work of human destruction,
called "glorious war." I hope that
eternal peace may bless the world. With
me?
" The drying up a single tear hath more
Of honest fame than shedding seas of gore."
I deprecate war as a great calamity, but
not the greatest that may befall a people;
for when eompared to a base sacrifice of
honor and important rights through cowardice
and imbecility, I regard as a misfortune incalcualably
insignificant. But lam astonished
that the sword should be readily drawn by the
tjnant of the White House, a man who
doubtless but a short time since, in conjunction
with the majority of his party denounced in
thi m:st bitter language, all those citizens
who sustained the flag and counsels of this
country in the late war with Mexico. This
course then seemed s. nge to me ; and nothing
but the re : 11 of n kless partisan feelings,
whose dictates e\ r are " to rule or
rilin "llllt In c m>wl. cl mnror nr\\*r t/\ ?n/l n
man occupying th highest office in this
country, proposing to light up the fires of
civil war by a crusade against one of the sovereign
States of this Union, in behalf of the
fancied rights of a few Mexican residents,
whose locality he dares not define. If this
contest shall arise, it will be the wrong of
the President. No choice will be left me; I
shall stand for the right. But, sir, we want
no war; we want a settlement, honest, just,
and fair, and such I hope we shall get without
the aid of the sword of the Executive.
But for the remarks the gentlemen who
have preceded me [Messrs. Brown and Stephens,]
I should have thought it no part of
my duty to allude to the great question of
slavery, now agitating this country fiom centre
to circumference, and threatening a destiny
so dark and disast.ous. Sir, I have
read somewhere of a fabled magnet far in
the deep blue sea, whose fatal influence
withdrew the nails from every vessel thr.t
came within its sphere, leaving the proud
ship and its prouder masters an inglorious
wreck amid the solitudes ofthe ocean. Who
cannot see that while this question is unsettled,
each hour will be extracted, those fastenings
that bind this glorious confederacy together,
until our proud ship is left a shattered
broken disunited thing, to sink beneath the
surge of time, as others that have gone before,
with no voice to record our memory but that
which proclaims our folly ?
To settle this matter satisfactorily to my
peop'e, it is not necessary to talk about concession,
conciliation, or compromise; give
us justice, and we will live with you contented
forever. It will be of little avail in
the settlement of this question for men
whose business through life has been to lead,
in distracting the country by party agitation,
to be now shoutin^ concession, conciliation,
and compromise ; let us act sensibly do justice,
and all will be well. It is not necessary
to talk about the sword, or for the President
to clothe himself in armor. Such allusions
are wrong; no matter when or by
w^orn made, they have nothing in them of
I U?L-. I, 111 MM mumLV
" Tbm Soutbhro Pinnn,"?Trt-wnnkly,
published on Toeedaye, Thursday* nod Suturdaroof
unit week.
" The Southern PreM,"?Weekly, *
la published every Saturday.
" " ' jA
Al)VERTISi*<J RATES. r
for one square of 10 linen, three insertions, f 1 W? >
" every subsequent insertion, tfb
Liberal deductions made on yearly advertising, r.^
Individuals may forward the amount of their
subscriptions at our risk. Address, (post-paid) i
ELLWOOD FISHER,
Washington City.
concession, conciliation or comproinisa; >
they light up the fire of indignation and resentment.
' >'
It is not necessary that I should say what*
course th-J South will pursue, when all she.
holds dear is disregarded by the strong arm
of oppression. 1 suppose, like other nations,
who have lived before us, when wc leel the
tyrant'j chains gathering around us, and all
hopes of peaceful remedies are gone, thatshe
will nursue the nsnnl rnnr?? /* '
r ?
action. But I want no such thing?I hope
for no such thing?I will fight for ewry othef
destiny, but if it comes, I am with the oppressed
and against the oppressor. .r
Sir, 1 recur again to the doctrine of
the gentleman from Massachusetts, (Mrj
Mann,) and such is the doctrine of every*
man who supports the Wilmot Proviso.7
This gentleman is ready to dissolve th'^
Union rather than permit the people of th^
South to carry iheir pioperty into the comr
mon territories. i
This class of politicians have adopted a
military phrase, and speak of throwing a
cordon of freemen around the Southern
States, to stop their further progress, and by
thus confining the slaves to narrow limits,
make them a curse to the people, and in tliiy
way force their emancipation. If such a
policy had been proclaimed by any foreign
power, one universal and spontaneous declaration
of war would have come up from all
parts of the country; and have we not a
right to demand from Northern friends the
same justice and courtesy that we are entitled
to from strangers ? r
Suppose, for illustration, that instead of
the struggle between communities in a matter
of politics, this was a conlbct of arms between
two hostile armies, one encampment
covering the Northern, and the other the
Southern portion of the continent. Tbp
Northern General says to his Southern opr
ponent: A truce?peace to you. I have examined
your position; I have no power to
storm it. There are constitutional barriers
in the way?lear not, I never will attack it'.
What I design is merely to draw a lipe.
around you?a wall and parapet to confiae
you in your present position, unt'.l you and
all your army shall sicken and die by pestilence
and famine, or be made glad to surrender
at discretion.
Suppose that England should say to the
United States: We love you much; we intend
to protect you in all your legal rights
within your own territories; but the world
which is free to me shall not be free to you.
I will draw a cordon of bi.ttleships around
you. Your institutions, commerce, and arts
shall expand no more. I will confine you to
your present position until you shall surrender
the doctrine of republics, and subscribe
to the divine right of kings. Neither of
these propositions would be more insulting,
unjust, or unreasonable, than the Wilmot
Proviso, as attempted to be enforced against
the rights of the South.
I Sir, this attempt to put chains upon slavery;
u to lead captivity captive;" to hedge
around and put in prison fifteen States of
this Union, with slaves for compani-ns,
whenever it may be tried, will cause a voice
to come up from tha* region which will shout
the eternal anthem of freedom. But 1 want
no such issue. I love the people of the
North. I have always felt that I would
peril all that is dear to my native State to
protect from lawless violence Massachusetts'
humblest citizen, or most barren rock. Those
of them who know me, know that I do. I
have never imagined, nor can I now imagine
how I could live out of the Union. I have,
ever hoped that our ship of State, self-poised
upon the billows, would gather the tempests
in her sails, and fly with lightning speed |o
the haven of transcendant national glory,
amid the plaudits of an admiring world.
And for this I shall still be ready to mai>e
every sacrifice, except my honor and my
right to be free and equal on every foot pf
land benenth the <l stars and stripes.1' '
Royal Mail Steam Packkts.?on the 2d
inst., as stated in a Havana paper, the Royal
Mail Steam Packet Company commenced the
new routine of service. The Mobile Tribune
since received from the company a printed
schedule, giving all the routes of these steamers.
St. Thomns is the centre of the new operations,
whence steamers will radiate in all directions.
The first
Atlantic and Cnagret Route.?From Southampton
to SL 'Thomas, Santa Martha, CartlrngeiiR,
Chngres and Greytown, and back twice a
month. The trips froin Southampton and back
' are to be performed in twenty-three days asd
twenty-three hours.
Jamaica and' Mexican Route.?From St.
Thomas to l'orto Rico, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, and
Tumpico, and back once a month.
Jamaica and Havana Route.?From St.
Thomas to Porto Rico, Jacinel, Jamaica, Havana
and Honduras, and back once a month.
Barltadne* and Demerara Route.?From St.
Thomas to St. Kitts, Nevis, Monfserrat, Antigua,
Guadaloupe, Dominica, Murthiniquc, St.
Iatcia, Ilarbadoes and Demerara. and back twice
a month.
Trinidad Route.?From Burbadoes to St.
Vincent, Curacao, Grenada, Trinadad and Tobago,
and back twice a month.
One of tho vessels of the company will nlso
ir.ake a trip once a month from St. Thomas to
Nassau and buck.
These vessels, it will be seen, are not again to
call at Mobile Point, nor at any other American
port on the Gulf.
From the Annapolis (Md) Republican.
i' acts on which every man may make his
own comments.?-Five negroes who had runaway
from this State were Inst week captured in
Pennsylvania nnd brought back to Baltimore.
When taken they were found to be " armed roilh
Revolvers and knives.'1 On the night of the 8th.
W. L. Chaplain, a Preacher, and Editor of the
Portfolio, an Abolition paper published at Albany,
N. Y. was detected in carrying off two
slaves from Waihington, D. C. lie was carried
back to the city and committed to prison. All
three wcrenrnied wjth Revolvers, which were
freely used against the officers who secured
thorn. Who furnished the Negroes with Revolvers?
In July 1849, there was a meeting of
Abolitionists at Syracuse, New York. At that
meeting the following resolution, which wo
think is a full answer to the preceding question,
was adopted
" Resolved, That instead of sending Bibles
among the slaves, we had infinitely better adopt
the suggestions of the memorable Liberty Party's
Address to the slaves, sod supply them with
Pistols!"
Chaplin wiU by tried in this State,