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Pxfh-ugtoir ' n I BEVERLEY TUCKER," EDITOR AN D l'ROFKl KTOK. g m? - TUESDAY MORMNG, MARCH 18. 1836 FRO* TUK WASHINGTON UMOM 01' THURSDAY, MARCH 13, 1850. . -THE PRESIDENCY." "It is proper for us to remind our readers that we have adopted the policy of abstaining from all discussion in the Union of the relative claims of the several De mocrats whose names are spoken of in connection with a Presiden tial nomination. We allude to our policy on this subject that the nu merous friends who have address ed to us communications advoca ting the nomination of different gentlemen as candidates for Presi dent and Vice President may un derstand why we have been una able to insert their favors. When the nominations are made we shall be prepared to sustain them with our best exertions. Until that time, the Union will adhere' to its past course of strict neutrality as to men, looking alone to the main tenance of the great Democratic principles on w7hich the next battle is to be fought." REASONS OF T1IR EXECUTIVE FOU WISHING TORKTA1N TIIK "tUTKiK" AS ITS ORGAN. Because of its promised "strict n? utrnlity" in relation to the nomination to lie marie at Cincinnati; ? Because one of its editors selected* Reeder for Governor of Kansas ; Because the Union eudoi ued. to the letter, the entire political course of Governor lleeder, while Governor, which en(loi?iemeut Mauds un retracted; Because the Union declared, officially, that he who opposed the Nebraska hill n-a* ?3 gx>d a Democrat as he who supported it; Because the Union endorsed the Albany Atlas, which did all that treasdn could d<> to break down the party; * Becaupc the I nion endorsed other paj>ers which opposed the Kansas hill, and abused most foully all leading National Democrats; Because the T'ition, having once deliberately sold the right to commit treason against the Democratic party whenever occasion require* it, it can have no scruples again "officially" to do so; Because the interpretation by the Unioh of " strict neutrality" is to neutralize all evidence of popular preference for any candidate save the Executive; Because the friends of Mr. Buchanan see in its columns covert hostility I Because the friends of Judge Douglas see the same hostility; Because "!te friends of Huntei see that " neutralit >'' means a preference for only on' of all the candidates; Because the friends of Bright, of Butler, of Rusk, and others, all perceive the same thing. For these, and for many similar reasons, the Executive has a right to desire it for its or gan. For these same reasons, and a plentiful lack of incapacity, the Democratic party generally seem very careiul to withhold any endorse ' ment. How sharply the Union reproves itself, while advocating now the unquestionable justice and propriety of the principles in the Kansas bill. It ia now high treason to question them. Yet this same Union pave official permission to all who desired it, to oppose, to denounce and to defeat this bill, now pronounced by the Union to be the very paragon of political excel lence. FATAL. DIIASTER. The telegraph and newspaper* bring to us accounts of a serious disaster and frightful loss of life. It appears that about balf-past nine o'clock on Saturday night, the ferry-boat New Jersey, of the Philadelphia and Camden Fern' Com pany, in crossing the Delaware to Camden, took fire in the middle of the stream, arid after great difficulty, in consequence of floating ice, was run upon a lar opposite Arch street. There were about one hundred passengers on board, many of whom jumped into the river and were rescued by b<m?s after clinging to floating ice. It is feared that a grcnt number were drowned and burnt. The boat was burnt to the water's edge. Steamers immediately went to the assistance of the ferry-boat, but the passengers in the water had been previ ously saved by means of small boats. Nothing is yet definitely known as to the number who perished. Three bodies only have been recovered, via: ihoae of John Little. Abraham Jannie, and Francis Fitzpatrick. Among the missing are Sallie Carman, Edward Meschamp, formerly conductor on the Amboy Road, an infant daughter of Samuel Giverson, John Fidell, Matthew Miller, jr., broker, Mr. Howard, cleik, Mr*. Shade and child, and a large number of colored persons. The origin of the fire is unknown. It burst out suddenly from the fire-room, and instantly spread to the wood work. The pilot-house fell in as the l>oat was in aring the wharf, rendering her unman ageable, and from a disarrangement of the tiller-chains her head sheered r.ff fr0m the wharf. The engine could not be stopped be cause the engineer had been driven from his post by the flames, and the boat carried the few passengers remaining on board away from the land. The number of the dead and mis sing is about thirty. Many leaped into the water with their clothes on fire. The lost lie longed principally to Camden. Some few were of Philadelphia, but none of them strangers. Wexf The democrats of Maryland are to bold a State Convention in Baltimore on tbe 30th of : April, for the purpose of nominating an electoral ticket for President and Vice President. 1 Judge J. R. Lancaster has been elected mayor of Tampa, Fla. EKGLIHH OPPHIC9a>IU? AND SOtTII KHN "JLAVKKY. Mete tongue philanthropy is an easy virtue, t costs nothing, while it claims lor itself great ewards. All the philanliirt pisis in the world, >t this cheap school have formed an offensive illiunce ht'ttii'-t tlie slave owners of the Southern States. Traitors at houie have united with canting hyprocrites abroad, and nothing short of universal abolition will content them. England forgetting her great armv of starving pa'ipers, and oppressed laborers, who if they be males are driven to murders aud larcenies, if females to nhume aud degradation, has for years past zealously assisted American fanat ics ami slave stealers in organizing a plan for robbing rightful ownets oi Haves of their property. Every effort that human inge nuity could devise ha-; been made to excite discontents and insurrections among the slaves. Books aud pictures portraying the cruellies of the masters, and the sufferings o! the slaves have been industriously scattered over the country. The children of the Noith are I night from their earliest infancy to regard ' their Southern brethren as bmtul masters, who de light iii the tortures and groans of the unhappy blacks. We have so often had to speak of this injus tice conmiiited against the Southern people, and so often had occasion to contrast the happy condition of the Southern ala^e* with the degraded condition of the free uegroes oi the North, and the suffering and oppressed laborers Of Europe, that we do not deem it necessary to repeat here the facts and illustrations, which from tiaie to time,' we have pie sen led to our readers. Our object, at present, is simply to cull the attention of our renders to a startling manifes tation of Enjilif h colonial policy, and barba r->i??< ? rueliv which ha-i but recently received the ?ni.ji itu: MiiilK- .l' Vt*The colonial hist'rv of England is marked by the most re volting form* of oppression, rapine, and cruelty. Hit oHicinlR have been infamous for their r?ar b:iritie.v. her tax gatherers for their impositions and frauds. But it remained for the pre.-ent times, when she is wasting h'-r sympathies on our southern slaves, to bring to li^ht a system of pains, penalties, and tortures pursued by h^r in her India possessions, which have their parallel nowhere but in the dark dungeons of the old Spanish inquisition. It was charged in the English Parliament in 1854. that tortures of the most revolting k*nd were practised by the British officials in the Madras Presidency, in the collection of the revenues, and that the unhappy natives had tin means of redress. The charge was disdainfully denied, and an investigation chal lenged bv the President of the Board of Con trol. A commission was appointed, which in a short time collected proofs the most conclu sive and damning of the truth of the charge. The land revenue is the principal source of income to the East India Company; and out of ?20,000,000 of all kinds of taxes, ?15,000,000 are derived from this source. To collect this, the government acted ns landlords to the whole territory, "placing a money rent upon every field within the vast dominions." This system introduced the agency of the State "to an ex tent that had no parallel in the history of the world.'' Districts of 7.000 square miles, and in some instances of 13,P00 square miles, were placed under a single collector, with a few English assistants, who "made tours through the districts, ascertaining, or attempting to ascertain, how much land each individual cul tivator intended to bring into cultivation, and watching and checking the produce of the soil under ??very variety'of season, and of climate.'' Such a thing as private property in land was unknown. The rate of assessment was so high as to drive the people" from them, and to leave them waste. One third of the best land was thus laid waste. In South Arcot only one fiftieth was cultivated. If the tenants attempted any improvement, such as sinking wells, plant ing orchards, &c.,the assessment was increased. The Madras district, on the line of the railroad, whs a desert. N'ot one-tenth of the ancient water works were kept in repair. "The native population of India." said Mr. Blackett, in the House of Commons, "hnd been reduced to almost a state of beggary under this state of things;" and he called upon the House to con sider the immense power which could be exer cised by a Collector and his assistants upon a population of 80.000 or 100,000?a vast pro portion of whom were trembling upon the ver^e which separated destitution from abso lute starvation. The holder of land had to pay two-thirds of the gross produce to govern ment. If the |?;ople would not take land under such circumstances they *ere compelled to. There was no farmer in England that did not care more for his stock than the East India Company didjor these human beings in trusted to their charge. ? The various modes of torture resorted to are thus described in the Edinburg Jlsrinc: The tortures which the Commissioners find to have been employed are of various kinds and of different degrees of severity. Some of them are so light as to amount to little more than a menace. Some are so severe as to cause not only extreme present pain, but permanent injuries, mutilation, and even, not unfrequently, desth. Some of them exhibit an amount of diabolical ingenuity on the part of the torturer, and a degree of moral abasement and degrada tion in the victim, of which our western minds can hardly form a conception; some, in fine, are so loathsome and indecent, and at the s-?me time so excruciating,that although they are set down nakedly in the Report, we must abstain from any specific allusion to their nature. - I he two most common forms of tortnre ajipexr to be the Kittee (in Teloogoo called Chrrrutn), and the Antnidnl, which in the tnme language is called (Jini/eri The kittee corresponds with the thumbscrew of the European torturer. It is a woder. in strument somewhat like a Innon-ttffveezer, be tween the plates of which the hands, the thighs, (in,women also the breasts,) the ears, and other more sensitive pnrts of the body are squeezed to the last point of endurance, often to fainting, and even to permanent disuldement. In many place* the kittee has l?een superceded by the more simple plan of violently compressing the hands nndeh a flat board, on which a heavy pres?ure is laid, tometimr? even by the peon* tlanHing upon if; or of compelling the sufferer to interlace* his fingers, and delivering him over to the iron grip* of the |>eons [or police men), who sometimes rub their handi with sand, in order to give them a firmer gripe. In other cases the fingers nre l*i,t back till the pain becomes unendurable. I he atiundal u a more purely eastern tor* ture. It consists in tying the victim in a stoop ing or otherwise painful and uunatural posi tion, generally with the head forcibly bent dowji to the feet, by a rope or cloth passed round the neck and ui>rl*-r the ti>ea. The tor ture. however, is varii?d ai the caprice of the executioner. Sometime* the poor wretch is waw to Htaud on one leg, the other being for cibly tied up to hi* neck. Sometimes the arms and legs are curiously interlaced, and the frame, thus violently distorted, is kept bound up for hour*, in a condition little sliort i t dis location, Somftioei a heavy stone is laid up on the liack, wii.lt- thus bent; and it often hap pens that the peons amuse themselves by sitting astride upon the unhappy sufferer who is un dergoing anundal. More than one of the wit nesses depose to the infliction of this torture under the fierce India sun upon a number of defaulter* placed together in rows for t*p, three, four, and fveusix hours; and this in the immediate vicinity of the cutcherry, or revenue ollicc, and in the presence of the tahsildar, or native collector, and of the assembled villagers. Occasionally a man is held aloft from the ground by the ears, by the hair, and ? veu by the mu6tachio; and the litter torture, in Kome instances, is applied t-o savagely as to tear away the mustachio by the roots. Sotnestimes a sort of bastinado is inflicted, sometime* violent blows on the shin, the ankles, the elbows, or vther highly sensitive points. Prolonged emer sion in the water-tanks or the river; forcible compression ol the arms, the thighs, and even the i ody, by tying a coil of coir rope round them, and then applying cold water so as to cause it to contract and sink into the flesh ; burning it with hot iron ; hanging heavy stones round the neck; the stock-; tying two or more individuals together by the hair, so that every movement is attended vitl pain; placing a necklace of bones or other disgusting or de grading materials round the neck; these are a few ?-f the minor inflictions devised by these masters of the orieotial school of torture. II we add to these a tew practices like those used at home by amateurs of the turf or the ring, for the purpose ot " reducing flesh j" such as star vation, prolonged deprivation of sleep, com pulsory driving np and down under a broiling sun ; forcing the unhappy v. retches to run long distances, their hands being tied to the axle of a banby, or country carriage?we think the catalogue of torture will be admitted to be tol erably complete. \\ ill it be credited, for example, that it is not uncommon to fipply to the most sensitive parts of the body (enclosed in a cloth or a co coanut shell, or other similar receptacle) a bi ttiiy ihj i f vi' reptile, .such a? the poollah, or carpenter beetle, and to leave it to gnaw the flesh of the miserable sufferer? That by a (hither refinement of cruelty, meant to com bine both pain and humiliation, the defaulters are sometimes tied by the hair to the ail of a donkey or buffalo? That they are occasion ally hung up with the head downwards? And that it is an ordinary practice to put pepper or powdered chillies into the eyes or the nostrils, and to apply these irtid similar irritating drugs in other ways too revolting to he even hinted at ? ' We claim that the cruelties imputed to the slave owners in our Southern States are base calumnies, gotten up by fanatics, hypocrites, and enemies. W?- deny that any system of Cruelly, either social or legal is e.\. rcised to wards slaves. Of entire we do not deny that then- are such monsters as bad masters any more thun we deny that there ar?' such mon sters as bad husbands, bad fathers, and bad neighbors. Bui the English people cannot deny the truth of the above frightful disclosures. They have not been made either by enemies at home or abroad. They have been brought to light by a most respectable English com miss on, ap pointed by the English Government. England has long seen the mote in our eye, but is altogether ignorant of the beam in her own eye. She has otiiciously meddled with fancied oppressions in this couutry, while she has ne gleeted to reform abuses in her own. She has shed crocodile tears over the imagined miseries of southern slaves, while she has been insen sible to the real miseries of the great bulk of her home population, and the untold cruelties practiced by her officials, and under the au thority of her laws in her numerous colonial ap pendages. It is humiliating to think, that in this en lightened age, that Government, which arro gantly claims to be the best and the freest on earfh, should be Convicted before the world of crimes that would disgrace a felon, and cruel tie* that would disgrace a savage. Ill AWATHA? MIHK DAKLING. Mi.-s Clary Darling entertained, on Friday and Saturday evenings, at Odd Fellows' Hall, the lover* of poetry, with recitations from Long fellow's romantic legendary poem of ''Hia watha." She appeared in the costume of an Indian girl, while on the platform were ap propriate forest scenery, an Indian wigwam, and other illustrative decorations. She read in a clear, sweet tone, loud enough to be hrard by every one, anu infused into her subject an energy and pathos not always characteristic of ladies who are er.gaged in that profession. The bold imagery and descriptive passages were admirably rendered, and thus an interest was imparted to the "epic" which might not be derived from a mere quiet perusal at home. THE KfCKTCC I?Y UARLAND. Mr*. Harriet C. Lindsey, editre s of the Kentucky Garland, i> now in Washington, with a view of extending the circulation of that periodual. She is the widow of ari Odd Fel low and Mason, and takes this means to sup port herself and children. The magazine is nbly conducted, and worthy of support. KipcntlT* Lmnrlri. It is a great comfort to the British people to possess a Royal Family, and they take exceed ing satisfaction in maintaining in vclnptuous laziness all the members thereof. We should think that John Bull would get tired of the ex pense. Not to speak of the million* which are paid to the Queen, the following nnnoities do j sound to Yankee ears very burdensome. They were paid in the last fiscal year : To Her Royal Highnes# the Dutches of Glou cester $80.000; the Trustees of bis Royal High ness I^eopold George, King of the Belgians 250. 000; Her Royal Highness, the Duches of Cam bridge 30,000; His Royal Highness Prince AI-j beri. 150,000; the Duches* of Kent, 150,000; j Her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta of j Mecklenburg Streltz. 15,000; His Roval High- i n*?*s the Duke of Cambridge, l?0,000; Her Royal I Highness the Princess of Cambridge, 15,000; ! His *fr<ne Highness the Prince of Mecklenburg i Streliu, 8,941,82. The Archbishops and Bi*h- I ops of England are beloved by hull next to the blood regal. But that they are awfully expen sive, as the following liatof annual salaries, re turned to Parliament, will show: To ihe Arch bi*h p of Canterbury, 8185,000; Archbishop of York, "<0,000; Bishop of Durham, $5,000; Bishop of London. $70,000; Bishop of Win chester, 70,000; Bishop of Ely, 60,000; nine others on an average, 25,000; the rest on an average, 15,000. Rachel Reacbeo Ho*e.?The Paris cor respondent of the New York Express mentions the arrival of the great tragedienne in Paris. COHRi 'PONDENCl;. Washington, D.C., Feb. 20, 1856. Hon. Kowaku Evkkitt: Understanding that it is your intention to repeat at Baltimore and Richmond the address to be delivered by you in Bouton, on the anniversary of Washing - ton's birth day, the residents of this District hope that it may be agreeable to you to gratify them by a repetition of it here, at such time us may suit your convenience. TIih desire has been ho generally expressed to hear you upon a topic of so much national interest, that the undersigned make the re quest, in the full belief that they speak the wishes of the entire community: . James Guthrie, W. L. Marey, L.Cass, Walter J oues, C. Cashing, \V, W. Seaton, J. A. Thomas, J. C. Dobbin, W. Hunter, Peter Porce, Elisha Whittlesey, Geo. W. Rigga, E. Kingman, Fhoaias Miller, Joseph Henry, Sydney Webster, J. M. Carlisle, J. C. McGuire, W. B. Randolph, Frauei% Murkue, Willium Aiken, Richard Smith, James Bishop, Thomas Cuiberry, George l'arker, James L. Urr, J. D. Clawson, Geo. R. Robbins. Tho*. J. Rusk, A. C. Pennington, R. M. T. Hunter, J. J. Crittenden, James M. Wayne, Lewis D. Campbell, A. P. Butler, S. G. Haven, J. D. Hoover, N. P. Banks, jr., George J. Abbot, R. S. Chew, James G. Berrett, W. W. Corcoran, Frank Taylor, Albert Smith, Jofl. G. Totten, W. L. Hodge, J. J. Abert, R. P. Chalton, W. Everett Jellsin, J. Gideon, George J. Gideon, M. D.Conway, Archibald Campbell, H. D. Johnson, (.'has. W. Welsh. Alexander Diniitry, W.J. McCluney, M. F. Maury, Jos. Smith, H. L. Abbot, Z. Richards, A. C. Humphreys, Chas. St. J. Chubb, Thomas C. Connolly, W. D. Wallach, Samuel P. Williams, A. H. Lawrence. Washington March 14, 1856. Gentlemen : Your favor of the 20th of Feb ruary, having been forwarded to me from Bos ton, was noc received till some time alter its date. 1 feel greatly honored by the wish ex pressed by you, that I would repeat in this city the address delivtred by me in Boston, on the 22d of February, on the character of Wash ington. On my return from Richmond, it will give me great pleasure to comply with your re quest. It is not at present in my power to fix the day, but it will probably be in the last week of March. The address is to be delivered in Richmond and elsewhere, in aid of the fund lor the pur chase of Mount Vernon. Should it be deemed proper by you to have tickets of admission sold, it would gratify me to have the proceeds ap plied in that way. I remain, gentlemen, with the highest con sideration. faithfully, yours, "EDWARD EVERETT. Hon. W. L. Maiicv, and others. JgL,We are requested to state that there will be a meeting of gentlemen interested in the object of the foregoing correspondence at the Smithsonian Institution this evening, at 5 o'clock. C^ATUEHI3Xr&S KROM Ol'R EXCHANGES. The total number of convicts in the Mary land Penitentiary at the present time is 436. of which number 36 are females. The best way to treat slander is to let it alone, and say nothing about it. Dr. Marshall Baylies, the phrenologist. well kuown throughout Virginia, who recently emigrated to Kansas, has come into possession of $30,000, by gaining a suit in the court of appeals. The British ship Morning Light cleared at Mobile, on Thursday last, for Liverpool, with 5,869 bales of cotton. The Tribune says this is the largest cargo ever cleared from the port of Mobile. The population of Pittsburg, and the seven or eight boroughs which surround it, is set down at the present time at 122,620, being an increase of 55 per cent, in less than six years. / Speaking of vessels, do you know how schooners get their name? 'Twas in this way: Somewhere in Essex Co., Mass., at an early period, at the launch of a craft of 70 tons, a chap cried out, M ?ee her scoon." M Then let her be called schooner," said the owner. Thus the name, schooner. Persons should bear in mind that no letter can hereafter pass through the mail un less prepaid by a stamp. The postmaster is not authorized.to receive money in paymeut of postage. New tomatoes have been received in Ne* York from Savannah, and are selling at $1 ,50 per box. String beans have also been received, and are selling at 6fty cents a peck. J. B. Rertland and others, have been con victed of illegal banking at Memphis Tetin. The fine is (1,000, and one month's imprison ment. The Allgemiene Zcihmg of February 17th, states that William Makepeace Thackerav has realized by his writings and lectures five hundred thousand dollars. The citizens of St. Louis are adopting energetic measure* losecure the establishment of an overland mail-route from that city to California. The Eastern Art/vs tells about one of its subscribers calling a' the office, wearing a hat which he had fur the last forty years. Of course he did not we;ir it ev?yy day, but kept it for Sunday U**, and wore it occasionally on holidays. It wfis still a good h&', and looked as though it would last forty years more. The owner said thnt the changes of style made it a fashionable ha' every five or six years. The building of the custom house at Pe tersburg, Ya., has been contracted for by Mr. McCullom, of Washington. D. C., at $40,000. The Ilillsboro' (N. C.) Recorder under stands that Archbiflhop Hughes, of New York, has been selected by the senior class in the North Carolina University to preach the vala dictcry sermon at the approaching commence ment. In the reign of Henry I, about tho year 113, a sheep could b^ bought for four-pence, and wheat enough for "feeding one hundred men a whole day cost but a single shilling. On Thursduy morning, as Mr. John Lewis, a milkman, residing in Hoboken, New York, was loading his milk cans into his wagon, | bo heard the cry of an infant issue from one of them, mid, upon examination, found a boy about six weeks old in the can. Tlie Company which insured the Tele graph Cable which was to have been inid be tween Novu Scotia and Newfoundland, and which waa cut off and abandoned by ihose on board the vessel which wan laying; it out, in ? lit'der to save tlx* ve-s ?l, refuse to pay there lor, j flaying "there was no loss, the cable being at the bottom of the sea, juxt tcheie you wish to 2>ut it!" Tho Panama Railroad Depot wat, at last accounts, almost tilled with goods brought out by the last American and European steumers, waiting shipment for the South and California. The last trip of the Koyal mail uteamer brought the largest freight train ever sent from England over the Isthmus for South America, amounting to nearly 800 packages. Long continued snows are considered bad conservators of morality, as during the m< nith of Muy the police of New York dis ported of 1,152 criminal cases. A woman, while drawing water from a well at Burlington, Illinois, fell head foremost to tho bottom, a distance of 30 feet. She managed to get herself "right-side up," and extricated with very little injury. Some oyster men were recently mas a acred in Charlott harbor, Florida, by Indians '? he military are out, but have yet effected ?? olhing.' The following advertisement appears in a Paris journal: "The parents of a young la dy, aged 21, handsome and well educated, ai id p093"33ing 4,300 francs per annum, but affected by St.. Vi tug's dance, offer to unite he r to a doctor from 40 to 45 years old, who wi II pay her incessant attention. The St. Louis Republican says that the. re were ninety steamer?- nt i ire landing in that city on Thursday of list week thirty of whi ch arrived the day before, bringing 20,000 tonji of merchandise. Tho Kentucky legislature, which tid jontned sine die, on Monday week, passed a law making all the cities'and towns of the Stato responsible to the owners of property de slioyed by mobs. . ...... The U. S. Ships Cyane, Saratoga and the store-ship Fulton were ut Pensacola lant week. The .Saratoga bad been ashore ou the Bahamas. She w ill have to be docked. New tomatoes have been received in New York from Savannah, and are selling fit $1 50 per box. String beans have also been received) and arc selling at fifty cents a peck. It is a violation of law to enclose to different addresses two or more letters in one envelope, though more than one letter may be sent in one envelope to the same address. The Senate has passed the bill authoris ing the city of Wheeling to sell the of ai ! citv in the Baltimore an>' Ohio Railroad. The last invention is a plan for cooking without fire, described in the Scientific A merican. The invention is a combination of tin cooking dishes placed one above another, the btiunnof one vessel fitting on the top part of tho dish below. In the lower dish of all a small quan tity of quick lime is placed, aud then, by means of a lube, cold water is introduced upon the lime. Chemical notion generates intense heat where by the articles on the dishce ore quickly cooked, ready for the tab'e. The "Tenth Legion," a sound Demo cratic paper published at Woodstock, Va., is strongly in favor of Mr. Buchanan for tho Presidency, and is of the opinion that, in the event of bis nomination, he will "assuredly receive the electorial votes ?#f New YorkJ Penn sylvania, New Hampshire, Maine, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, Mis souri, Indi'ina, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, and probably Norih Carolina, Tennessee and New Jersey." Thn editor say* further, that he "cannot count the same number of States for any other candidato " named in connexion with the nomination. ...... It is Mated that the finance committee of the United States Senate have matured a project designed to l"ad to the gradual abandon ment and ultimate rejection of th" small Spanish >i!ver coins as part of the circulating medium, and that it will forthwith be submitted to legisla tive action. The result uf the exjieritffi-nts to ascertain the value of the Spani.-di sixteenth, eighth and quarter of a dollar, is reported to the committee as indicating the first to be worth a fraction over five cents. I he second about eleven, and the quarter abjat twenty-three nml twenty fonr cents. The bill they have framed is bclievd to provide thai the existing laws authorizing the circulation and establishing a value of all foreign coins, except the Spanish fractional divisions of the dollar, !ws at once repealed. As to t\e<e fractions, t! oy allow them to be circula ted for two years at the value of o, 10 and 20 cents respectively, and thereafter tlicT are to be excludedalto. ?-ihi r from circulation. Bat at the mint they will at ail limes be received as bullion, and paid for by weight. ion nnn ct?pna? wlduuo^i A vv.UUv Great jtkam oat Won* wi.I he read> on or about the 24ili of October. Content*! First Application of Steam. Lite of John Fitcli ? Engraving of hi* first Cost. L'fe of Robert Fnlton?Engraving of his first ; American Boat on <be Hud-on Rivit," Rnt?ert Fntion mr' Living-ton's fir-- Ohio Rirvr i Boat?Correci Lil.en ;?*?Full Pancular*. Lat robe's Fir t Bort First Kteiibenville It ?l. First Lxj losioii on the-Western Witters; from 1 an h ye-Wiiiies*. of the Western Water*; T <wa*. Cities : Slid Instance* Uil il-ivrn SOffSi'tljf List of Sicim>t*?ni Ex|rio*ioas since 181V; N'nmt- ' ol Killed and Wounded; Lilt of ^trsinlMinio now afloat. Correct \ tew* of P.u-burg, Wheeling, Cincfn nnii, LriuiSviliOk Si Loni*. and N?*.< Orleans, in lVfifi; ? ketch Of enuli fdae*; Popul ilion. Bu?i ne?s. tVe, fice Fuel I ime ol Boat* on the l);iio and Mi-?n.*ir>pi Hirers. '1 List ol StesmliONl Officers on the Western ! Water*. The New Steamboat Law? With Comments Life Boat*. Di*a*tct? on th?- Lake- ; Names of Lom, Killed, : and Wounded The High Water in 15)0, Ifc32, 1S47. List <?l Plantations on the .Vli*.-i*?ippi River. Iinporisiit United Si-iie* Supreme Court Steam lorn Decision*. 'I lir?e hiiiidrcd pages, wnh one bundretl en- ! ur?viughsndsomefj boaad. By remitting One i Dot hi r (port paid,) yon will receive s copy of the I <itK)ve work. Orders from the trade solicited, and agent* I wanted in every town and city to canvas for the ? work. Addre** MS. T. LLOYD ?V. Co. Post Oifice Buildings. Cincinna i, O. (' AU'OHMH. J one received a i.ir^e ns> j 1 T sortm-nt ol Pnte L>e Foie- l?ra-? from Sim, bttrg, in small and larve i?r* l?n ?-lf f r.AUTlKR Kctr AUthud of liawrrliig ftiul Dikeogng lug I'.uaU from Shlpi. On Monday a ui w method of lowering ships' boats wag sue cestui I v tried on board of Messrs. Juines Baines &, Co'u ship, the ComuiodoW Perry, at present lying in the Mertey, hound 1 Cor Sidney. I'his method, the inveution of Mr. Clifford, may he thus described: The uulusbiiig, lowering, and disengaging ! are done by oue mail only in tl>e bo.it, whose single weight irrespective of any additional assistance whatever, is made to hold in cqui i librium the weight or descending ihe momentum I of the boat, with its entiie crew, which he lias : thus the power to check or control at will. ; Each separate operation is ihe natural conse quence of one aef, slackening of a rope; and ? they are also necessary sequents, one of the other. The means of reducing the weight of the boat to that of the man lowering, is made the means for preventing the boat canting in ita descent, and the passage of the ropes by which the bo it descends, through a block of an entirely novel character and action, accom plishes this ond. I he entire process is as follows: On# man in the boat unhitches a ? lope from a fleet (on the boat's *i;at,) over i which he siarkens it oil*. The boat descends i levellv, both laternally and longitudinally, frees | itself from the gripes, by which it was firmly j lashed to the ship's side (if there is not time to i unfasten them,) and Icttiug go the rope disen | gages the boat from the ship. The lowering ; may be eflVcted as well from oue as two davits, i or from a yurd or spur, and with any degree of ; velocity, which can be checked at any part of its descent, and with the vessels going at any speed. A hollow rotatory plug fixed ut the bottom of the boat allows the free ingress or egress of water, which a half turn stops; the 1 plug i3 consequeutly never out of its place. The experiments were repeated three times ; in succession, to the entire satisfaction of j numerous critical spectators, includiug Admi j ral Freemantle, Captain Suhotuberg, It. N., ; Captain Newlauds, Mr. T. M. Mackay, Mr. James Bailies, and other nautical and couir I uicicial gentlemen.? European Times, Feb. 1G. t Fioni the Southern Christian Advocate. Ltfo lu the Itlanil ot* Cubn. Mr. Epitou: I extended my visit from Flor de Cuba, further South, to Poruna, and several other large sugar estates, receiving the con tinued kind hospitalities of the planters. My j visit to the inteiior of the Jslaud has been al together v-ry interesting and agreeable. Their j hous< -, tabies, carriages, and servants, are ar your command, and if you don't huve a good I time, it is your own lault. Here, a lover of i the beautiful in nature, can be gratified to his ! heart's content. I found it delightful to take | early morning strolls through the large gar i dens, plucking the lipe fruit from the trees. ! The sweet orange is my favorite. The lemon I does not flourish so well. At Alva, I counted 1 forty varieties of fruit. ! I went to several dinner parties?the hour for [ dining is from 5 to 8 o'clock. Thi-ir cooking , is too rich for me. and they mix garliu and i onions, and onions and garlic, in nearly every I dish. Tt. looked out of sfason in mid winter, ! to spread before you. green peas, corn, potatoes and all the -ummer vegetables of onr ' liits te. After you have parlnkt-n ot fish, pork, beet, turkey, KweatmeatH, jellies, and fruits, (in the meantime having your plate changed a ? dozen times,) the cloth is removed, and you wind up on coffee, segars, <fce. The ladies do 1 not leave the tabl<\ but occasionally enjov a cig&rito. They regarded mc- a? a cort of out side barbarian, as 1 could not join in drinking and smoking. Wine is universally used here, ; but they seldom drink to intoxication.' I In this hot'climate, the negroes live mainly j on fruit and vegetables. They are allowed sailed fish and beef, but no bacon. Rice is ! cultivated on the uplands, and prows in the j wet season. It seldom rains here in the j winter, but in Hummer it comes down in tor ! rents, making the roads in this limestone ? country almost impassable. Miss Bremer aavs: j " No one need fear the night here; it is not | cold; it has no dew." If she had taken some | early rides with me, she would certainly have ! seen the morning dew drops on the beautiful ; flowers. In the dry season, vegeta'ion is kept | alive and green by the refreshing dews. I did not like Jo see the amalgamation that ; i* going on here. It is lawful for a Cuban to ! have a wifo and mongrel children. But if a ; white man.will go to Africa for a wife, I see no 1 reason why his children should not be his heirs. 1 his is the Spanish view of the question, and a law wan made to correspond, and I commend , them for if. There is a marked partiality among tun Creoles for the Southerner* ; thev know we are sound on the Nebraska question. I I-find quite n number of planters from the United Slates residing here, and thev nearlr ? all hail from the free States. It is said thev j make the hardest masters, but of that I have no evidence. I kno1* Mr. F."s servants were . very much dis!res>ed when he sold out, for the i purpose of returning to Boston. The Queen's mother owned the largest sugar estate on iho 1 Island, but became involved, and sold it to a very enterprising Spaniard. This gentleman was ambitions to mak* lar.*e crops, and prom ' ised hi s overseer fifty thousand dollars when he made five thousand hogsheads of sugar, and 1 last year they made five thousand five hundred, i It is said the negroes were worked so hard ? thai three hundred died; but this calamity was ; charged to cholera, and I doubt not that fatal I disease was th<! miin cause of the mortality. But apart from the religious views of the , question, the (vlittrul importance of Cuba to | the I. nited States cannot be easily over esti mated. It commands the Culf of Mexico, and is almost within cannon shot of the Florida 1 coast. England and France arc watching, with a jealous ey e,our every movement. Their war , ships are to be seen in nil the ports. Thev i profess to be on the look nnt for African slaves; i Hi the same time they are aidhig hi the intro duct ion of slavery ot the worst kind. When the Spanish officios fired into our ship and in . suited the American flag, that was Ihe time to have put this gurdeti of Spain into otir pocket ; l we may never have such an opportunity again. ! The planters are getling one hundred per i cent, more tor sugar and molasses this year | than last. Sugar cane is king here. The to I baceo cmp is next in value. It. is estimated that the productions of Cuba this year will be worth one hundred millions of dollars J The j population"!* fil een hundred thousand. The island is capable of supporting ten times that iiiiiiioer ot inhabitants. Railroads are being built in every direction; somo six hundred miles tiro already completed. Steamboats also are constantly running on the northern and southern coasts. 1 was surprised lo find here such high mountains, from which, clear moun tain rivulets come fumbling into the vallevs, furnishing pure wholesome water. Next week I go lo Yucatan. I want to look at the old "ruins" of thnt country. Yours, truly, G. W. W. MJllONEN'liEltU A} TH UN. Kl.cn (??V?NSIII,i R UN, QKNKRAL AMKK1CAN AND KuRfciGX AOICHCY, For the Collection ol Claim*, the 1'rornrcnn-ni ot | i pHtenn>, lloeriiy Luid- and Pennon* K1IKEAU OF TRANSLATION From the French. Sp inish Italian, mul G?*rm??ri Lenumtpet, ami tor To; rnpfoiewl snd othe? I 'rawing*. .No IttflJ. lit. *; !????? Ut?Wn|"IR it V '? ' Nov I-S 11 ' I VARIETY HoO'l AND SL10E STORE, f Al>ll.4 AIFINK lt(H)l?,M4nit it 1 A eeived n superior ?*?? ol LuHirs' Klm-lt nn?J I'.row a Alpine lk??>t* together with n Inrgr ncd j reiu-r?| H-?Orimenl Ol l.?dlei?, (>ent?, Mi ; l>oy*, Youths, and Children ? lk>ot* .ind Hhor* | lur I.y GbO. IMJK.NS. Pennsylvania nwnue Adjoining l'ntteraoa'a L>rug Storn I tec 1 lNcw?.) OOMOXIESB. In tiik SiJnate, ye-terduy, March 17, Mr Douo i.as, lioni the Committee on Territories, teporlcd h bill lo authorize the |>eopl* of the Territory of Kama* to form a Constitution hiicI State Govern ment, prepuintory to their admission into the Union, when Uley shall have the uecei* ery requi site population Mr Clay-ton mJ.Ithe Set ate in relation to ilie British construction of tho Clayton and Bui wcr I real, ?aying that construction wa* an ai'ter-thoU:'lit Hud an attempt to evade treuiy ob ligation*. lit* likewise took occasion to condemn, in severe terms, th? "iillibu*t--riiig" movements of General Walker To litik poriion of hi* re marks, Mr. Weu.ku intends 11 reply The deficiency bill was mnde the spectbl order of ihe day lor Wednesday next. The Semite then considered and pas?ed a num ber of river and harbor b 'U. In the Hoist of ^wkerentatives, yesterday, the resolution reported from the Committee of Election*, neking to l>u empowered to send for persons mid papers in the K<itisa? cuiilefctcd elec tion ea?e w a? resumed. The proposition waa discu?s< d until the hour of udjourninent. IV\CELSIOK; HELPS TO *';?Of:iiljVsH A j in Religion, Science, and Literature A ...n monthly .^azuic f). <((c l{ James Humidoii. L>. I,,r FVi.-e U W per u 11 ii it in. ,t lh "T>a?"!* * Madame will 'ta main ertort 01 the conductor* to pro vide for young men that healthful stimulus and the aids to improvements, which many of tl.em tire now so anxious to sec tiro. \ The editor ha- secured the aasiatanoe of many i excellent contributors, and every effort . ill be made to render the work wortbv (he pai rouage and support ot tho christian public. AgijatB for the District, GRAY At- BALLANTYNE, I M'OHMATION W4MTBK-I? the vear X ol Jbil, Martha A. W- IL< (? daughter of Alex ander UciU.w .o liien lived in Amelia County, tigini ., and who subsequently removed to the ?my u. Petersburg and died therein in August, Ib-M) went with a Mr Spen er from the canny waa ,TTVn, ?"e the VVVsltr? States. She was ii,en about sixteen years old and has never been heard from by her family in Virginia from -nl lie'iV" ,? Hy,'ue W,I,U< '?er 1-Oher she I* in t.. .1 o a portion of his estate,or, il she bv dead, 'I *he or they be heard from wuhin one year iron* lb- date of his death. Any i.ifor i!iHi".n in rrspect lotbe said Martha A. Well* or ier chil r. u. il she ha* any, would be beneficial ",ul hv t?"?UMlly received by the family. Address GEO. W. EASTWOOD. ^--w4w P?|..r?b?rK, Vd. f ) ?'*SIA AS I ? |>. nv COUNT XV row-ski. MtLMOJKS Speeches, and Writings. ,.| |{..|.eri I."11!"", j,.. edited by Luther Hamilton I-LI'POEMS AN Li HYMNS ibr public I'i'lU V'l S: J?mea JMoiHKomert. . & NORTHERN iJitlbl; * Novel. I.y Caroline Lee He?u. wiU> .ll.iMraiiona from original designs, in z vol*. , CVLi1|tC|{1' " *er,c" ol i>'>e?ur?e>, bv *" His toAKUtiV^V'lmi*"'l Clluroij ' HlilOH. O* ULULK (JftOMWKLL ano oOl'.'I^ 1 Cu,,,n,-,,W???'TJ. 'I'oiii I he execution ol l ln.-ics l. u, the death ol CroiuweU. bv M. G UuJ '*> A. R. Scoi.ie, in J vi.ls v \tu ol lLll': LNCIj pi;oTj.;m-. ,f v , ',U^es' ,r<"" K?vo?auon oj .tie l.d.cl of Nantes to our ovt? day*, by M. Cm,r e- UV,?H vofa s*or 1)1 y ,fl lhw Ly, i"' l'--|.a.'.r ... } VO.UL, o, THE NIGHT, 6, iUv.J?k? C??. lust pnl?,; !I(J received at the bookstore r?l ____H_KARNll.\M, GLEN'WOOD CEMETERY. OrriCE No. 292, Pw^.tlyax-.a Avevue, Corner of JOih street, over Savings Unnfc TII^ ^MBTKKY In lain outoi, tlic piitU JL Ol the celebrated Greenwnod ol S.-w YorL :lrjrr,,,on th\h%h srt,o,"j- d:?,a'" ??* to tr?', I 7 UO|r , ,he Ca',,,0,- Xor"' Capi. street, leading directly to the Gateway This company have received a cl.ar.er Iron, C,m! ?re?s, appropriating nu. ground for ever to hunal purposes, making a i?? lo tlie ,,urt.h?8er Hn4. prohibiting nil encroachments from lecislalioti or VHS( "",,urlanc,: ?? those , ??"?"? <)? ?d to repore where tbev have ' them; lor it has become a custom in nil U'tes when the bfnal ground becomes valuabU lor other purposes, to sell lt, n..d throw the dead promiscuously into one Isr^e pit. iegR| ?r;'ro;?T,prtfveM,i,'as -?e,;,'!, K B. Otfice hour- from 10 a n..,to 12 m wh?.B n^K (T,,'T,,,il,ir? ,f>" "y-laws, and ?-a ^,nt r ' " V" ?"";r '?^'?>?"or jmAI-.urd"r< irr' Wllh Mr Jjn^? F. Harvv 410, il l street, or any other undertaker will ha 1 SI'j 1III. MAOIC 1MFKES.SION I'AI'KH For Writing Without Pen or lnk-r.?.' e.. tn?tcllbly, Manifold Krlllug. T?'**r,; '? '* ?,?M'|utel> the bent portab!*' X ik?taud III the known world, A?i ? unaII T'laulity folded and placed ... the P?>ckei coi.m Len" WNrt,V" K ,"k"?"d' Wl,icb l'be bro ,o ? . ! 'S d-J- ' r H"V .ba.Jel.Sl point, w ritea equally m- well n> 0e?l v.,Id :;.v" p .. 11 "'deed, the whole art of l>rnwn?? an I Painting taught hi one lesion. AnVleaC Jla.M ??r flower can be tranaferrvd lo il?. La?-s Sf an naiirt Uitn equal facility, picu.rcs and cm broidert patiern* are take, and have rece.ved i ????log.iirns from the fair sex : and in i,h3 "?'M Tins Magic Paper will aSo ,ll0rk Lire.,, or All^he wll'im "? B* rr,u?in P^rhvi]y ti.delil?l?v A J .V m * ihr *'"'ld 'h,N br'"f '? <"'t Any child can us. ,t with p.-fecl ca?e W..K r M""i or four cop,1:; ' **?'>? fe"rr written can 1^ aecored Without chea", H,0T" U,>"r *""'-er. makTug i, the 1 or .. .1 "d,v"n<-^ by rc,K,rier, of the others. 'r|efraphic operators, and hoM. of cul,ttour different eolora Ion* to obtain l ive Hundred distinct Impression/ li ? put up ii, beautifully enamelled colored Luvclopes, with a truthful likeness of the Pro ,= attached. Each and every packM. wlr :Si5?5i.'aftS.' Address. paid, ^ N. HITBBBfX, ,W 107 Hrradwny. New Yorlr. OPINIONS OK THE PRESS. Ill BMr.Ls MaoicImpres.io^ Papkr ? W?. refer ??r readers to the advertisement in another col umn, -j-tting forth the merits of this plea?u,g and ingenious invention The cheapness should ?, dnce all to give it a trial ? PkUmitlpktt Mrr,Ko?t II IS unsurpassed lor neatness nnd nlllliy, ,nd TnbrJ"''rl W' ^ 'Blr " riC,'!V 'III Jt/N JJKI<?|? * h.l>Mfier ttl?ir -eTTiir. 1 to prosecute clain.r of ever> descr,,.. ? I 'ore Congress and the d^eren, he on 14: t , . r| ^ " BROWN V WlNTKfc. \ viMa^iA, ^rmof ^^''|!rrf,,ev-"*v'''R leased for Spnnirs" io he tsnquier White Sulphur .antsfhe C-lTr.l "" ,M?h ^I??h-o? war the un.l.T " *y >??ll be kept in the beat s|y|?, farm who K no^ ???r* tor sale ilie valuable , Which surrounds Ilie Springs. u?'w"rd,,"f -?50 acres of low gronrda e , l"l"r ' ?f r*,r"or4j"?"ry crops of eorf; i?d ' apable of being made Ihehes. possilde nie^ ;vvs ,,Hrl V' 'ij1* yielded 100 bushels of i ?? lU'& Here, .n ylt5 3. the twelfth yenr of successive vaiKin. without Mnnare; and m Is04, bad o AfIIB the season, produced 70 bushels?,he Farm is easily susceptible of division, snd is certainlv n. "I the best in Virginia. -?amly ne or W..hi?i,o?, d" ? P V'" '" Thomas green.